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Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Notes to Financial Statements  
Loans, Notes, Trade and Other Receivables Disclosure [Text Block]

(4)         LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

 

Loans at December 31, 2020 and 2019 consisted of the following:      
       

(In thousands)

 

2020

  

2019

 
         

Real estate mortgage loans:

        

Residential

 $131,217  $131,959 

Land

  17,328   19,185 

Residential construction

  39,160   35,554 

Commercial real estate

  135,114   121,563 

Commercial real estate construction

  4,988   20,086 

Commercial business loans

  82,274   45,307 

Consumer loans:

        

Home equity and second mortgage loans

  52,001   54,677 

Automobile loans

  43,770   46,443 

Loans secured by deposits

  1,083   1,372 

Unsecured loans

  2,766   3,653 

Other consumer loans

  16,117   13,700 

Gross loans

  525,818   493,499 

Less undisbursed portion of loans in process

  (19,179)  (23,081)
         

Principal loan balance

  506,639   470,418 
         

Deferred loan origination fees and costs, net

  317   1,137 

Allowance for loan losses

  (6,625)  (5,061)
         

Loans, net

 $500,331  $466,494 

 

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was passed by Congress on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act included a total allocation of $659 billion for PPP loans to be issued by financial institutions through the SBA. PPP loans are forgivable, in whole or in part, if the proceeds are used for eligible payroll costs and other permitted purposes in accordance with the requirements of the PPP. These loans carry a fixed rate of 1.00% and are 100% guaranteed by the SBA. PPP loans originated prior to June 5, 2020 have a term of two years, while PPP loans originated on or after June 5, 2020 have a term of five years. In accordance with the Paycheck Protection Flexibility Act of 2020, payments on PPP loans are deferred until the SBA remits the borrower’s loan forgiveness amount to the lender or, if the borrower does not apply for loan forgiveness, 10 months after the end of the borrower’s loan forgiveness covered period. The SBA paid the originating bank a processing fee ranging from 1% to 5%, based on the size of the loan. Through December 31, 2020, the Bank had originated $45.9 million in PPP loans and had received gross fees of $1.8 million from the SBA. At December 31, 2020, PPP loans totaling $37.3 million were included in commercial business loans and net deferred loan fees related to PPP loans was $842,000, which will be recognized over the life of the loans and as borrowers are granted forgiveness.

 

The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 signed into law on December 27, 2020 included the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues Act, which renewed the PPP by allocating additional funds for both new first time PPP borrowers and “second round” PPP loans for qualifying existing PPP borrowers. The Bank is actively pursuing additional PPP loans under the program, which currently is extended through March 31, 2021.

 

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the net unamortized premium on loans acquired from other financial institutions, excluding purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) loans, was $61,000 and $67,000, respectively.

 

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, residential mortgage loans secured by residential properties without private mortgage insurance or government guarantee and with loan-to-value ratios exceeding 90% amounted to approximately $1.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively.

 

The Bank has entered into loan transactions with certain directors, officers and their affiliates (i.e., related parties). In the opinion of management, such indebtedness was incurred in the ordinary course of business on substantially the same terms, including interest rate and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with unrelated persons and does not involve more than normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features.

 

The following table represents the aggregate activity for related party loans during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Adjustments are made to reflect new directors and officers added during the year, as well as directors and officers that left the Company during the year.

 

(In thousands)

 

2020

  

2019

 
         

Beginning balance

 $9,520  $7,867 

Adjustments due to officer and director changes

  (1,051)  - 

New loans

  8,235   5,271 

Payments

  (3,417)  (3,618)
         

Ending balance

 $13,287  $9,520 

 

Off-balance-sheet commitments (including commitments to make loans, unused lines of credit and letters of credit) to related parties at December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $2.0 million and $7.5 million, respectively.

 

The following table provides the components of the Company’s recorded investment in loans at December 31, 2020 and 2019:

 

  

Residential

Real Estate

  

Land

  

Construction

  

Commercial
Real Estate

  

Commercial
Business

  

Home
Equity and
Second
Mortgage

  

Other
Consumer

  

Total

 
  

(In thousands)

 

December 31, 2020:

                                

Principal loan balance

 $131,217  $17,328  $24,969  $135,114  $82,274  $52,001  $63,736  $506,639 
                                 

Accrued interest receivable

  513   116   61   435   378   176   244   1,923 
                                 

Net deferred loan origination fees and costs

  120   17   (12)  (65)  (843)  1,100   -   317 
                                 

Recorded investment in loans

 $131,850  $17,461  $25,018  $135,484  $81,809  $53,277  $63,980  $508,879 
                                 
                                 

December 31, 2019:

                                

Principal loan balance

 $131,959  $19,185  $32,559  $121,563  $45,307  $54,677  $65,168  $470,418 
                                 

Accrued interest receivable

  462   114   86   312   142   244   272   1,632 
                                 

Net deferred loan origination fees and costs

  118   15   (1)  (62)  -   1,067   -   1,137 
                                 

Recorded investment in loans

 $132,539  $19,314  $32,644  $121,813  $45,449  $55,988  $65,440  $473,187 

 

An analysis of the allowance for loan losses and recorded investment in loans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020 is as follows:

 

  

Residential

Real Estate

  

Land

  

Construction

  

Commercial
Real Estate

  

Commercial
Business

  

Home
Equity and
Second
Mortgage

  

Other
Consumer

  

Total

 

(In thousands)

 

Allowance for Loan Losses:

                             
                                 

Beginning balance

 $867  $163  $350  $1,623  $595  $515  $948  $5,061 

Provisions

  393   46   (58)  735   280   91   314   1,801 

Charge-offs

  (72)  -   -   -   (32)  -   (407)  (511)

Recoveries

  51   -   -   -   -   11   212   274 
                                 

Ending balance

 $1,239  $209  $292  $2,358  $843  $617  $1,067  $6,625 
                                 

Ending allowance balance attributable to loans:

                         
                                 

Individually evaluated for impairment

 $-  $-  $-  $-  $-  $-  $-  $- 

Collectively evaluated for impairment

  1,208   209   292   2,358   843   617   1,067   6,594 

Acquired with deteriorated credit quality

  31   -   -   -   -   -   -   31 
                                 

Ending balance

 $1,239  $209  $292  $2,358  $843  $617  $1,067  $6,625 
                                 

Recorded Investment in Loans:

                             
                                 

Individually evaluated for impairment

 $1,728  $97  $-  $779  $211  $353  $-  $3,168 

Collectively evaluated for impairment

  129,851   17,364   25,018   134,679   81,598   52,924   63,980   505,414 

Acquired with deteriorated credit quality

  271   -   -   26   -   -   -   297 
                                 

Ending balance

 $131,850  $17,461  $25,018  $135,484  $81,809  $53,277  $63,980  $508,879 

 

An analysis of the allowance for loan losses and recorded investment in loans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 is as follows:

 

  

Residential

Real Estate

  

Land

  

Construction

  

Commercial Real Estate

  

Commercial Business

  

Home Equity and Second Mortgage

  

Other Consumer

  

Total

 

(In thousands)

 

Allowance for Loan Losses:

                             
                                 

Beginning balance

 $693  $162  $224  $1,401  $459  $443  $683  $4,065 

Provisions

  251   -   126   222   132   77   617   1,425 

Charge-offs

  (194)  -   -   -   -   (24)  (548)  (766)

Recoveries

  117   1   -   -   4   19   196   337 
                                 

Ending balance

 $867  $163  $350  $1,623  $595  $515  $948  $5,061 
                                 

Ending allowance balance attributable to loans:

                         
                                 

Individually evaluated for impairment

 $16  $-  $-  $-  $-  $-  $-  $16 

Collectively evaluated for impairment

  839   163   350   1,623   595   515   948   5,033 

Acquired with deteriorated credit quality

  12   -   -   -   -   -   -   12 
                                 

Ending balance

 $867  $163  $350  $1,623  $595  $515  $948  $5,061 
                                 

Recorded Investment in Loans:

                             
                                 

Individually evaluated for impairment

 $1,926  $115  $-  $353  $249  $56  $48  $2,747 

Collectively evaluated for impairment

  130,328   19,199   32,644   121,421   45,200   55,932   65,392   470,116 

Acquired with deteriorated credit quality

  285   -   -   39   -   -   -   324 
                                 

Ending balance

 $132,539  $19,314  $32,644  $121,813  $45,449  $55,988  $65,440  $473,187 

 

 

An analysis of the allowance for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2018 is as follows:

 

  

Residential

Real Estate

  

Land

  

Construction

  

Commercial Real Estate

  

Commercial Business

  

Home Equity and Second Mortgage

  

Other Consumer

  

Total

 

(In thousands)

 

Allowance for Loan Losses:

                             
                                 

Beginning balance

 $219  $133  $245  $1,622  $291  $710  $414  $3,634 

Provisions

  723   29   (21)  (296)  218   (278)  793   1,168 

Charge-offs

  (258)  -   -   -   (51)  (21)  (697)  (1,027)

Recoveries

  9   -   -   75   1   32   173   290 
                                 

Ending balance

 $693  $162  $224  $1,401  $459  $443  $683  $4,065 

 

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, management applied qualitative factor adjustments to each portfolio segment as they determined that the historical loss experience was not indicative of the level of risk in the remaining balance of those portfolio segments.  As part of their analysis of qualitative factors, management considers changes in underwriting standards, economic conditions, past due loan trends, collateral valuations, loan concentrations and other internal and external factors.  During the year ended December 31, 2020, management adjusted the qualitative factors due to economic uncertainties related to the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19"). At December 31, 2020, there was still considerable uncertainty about how severely the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the loan portfolio. As a result, management has increased the allowance qualitative factor adjustments for each portfolio segment while considering the potential length of the pandemic, continued elevated unemployment rates, the impact of further state and local restrictions, the impact of government stimulus activities and the timeline for economic recovery.

 

Management also adjusts the historical loss factors for loans classified as watch, special mention and substandard that are not individually evaluated for impairment. The adjustments consider the increased likelihood of loss on classified loans based on the Company’s separate historical experience for classified loans.

 

At December 31, 2020, the Company's allowance for loan losses totaled $6.6 million, of which $6.0 million related to qualitative factor adjustments. At December 31, 2019, the Company's allowance for loan losses totaled $5.1 million, of which $3.9 million related to qualitative factor adjustments. These changes were made to reflect management’s estimates of inherent losses in the loan portfolio at December 31, 2020 and 2019.

 

The following table summarizes the Company’s impaired loans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company did not recognize any interest income on impaired loans using the cash receipts method of accounting for the year ended December 31, 2020.

 

     Unpaid     Average  Interest 
  

Recorded

  

Principal

  

Related

  

Recorded

  

Income

 
  

Investment

  

Balance

  

Allowance

  

Investment

  

Recognized

 
  

(In thousands)

 
                     

Loans with no related allowance recorded:

                    

Residential real estate

 $1,728  $1,902  $-  $1,638  $22 

Land

  97   97   -   101   1 

Construction

  -   -   -   -   - 

Commercial real estate

  779   784   -   836   36 

Commercial business

  211   210   -   249   9 

Home equity and second mortgage

  353   345   -   234   13 

Other consumer

  -   -   -   19   - 
                     
  $3,168  $3,338  $-  $3,077  $81 
                     

Loans with an allowance recorded:

                    

Residential real estate

 $-  $-  $-  $117  $- 

Land

  -   -   -   -   - 

Construction

  -   -   -   -   - 

Commercial real estate

  -   -   -   -   - 

Commercial business

  -   -   -   76   - 

Home equity and second mortgage

  -   -   -   -   - 

Other consumer

  -   -   -   -   - 
                     
  $-  $-  $-  $193  $- 
                     

Total:

                    

Residential real estate

 $1,728  $1,902  $-  $1,755  $22 

Land

  97   97   -   101   1 

Construction

  -   -   -   -   - 

Commercial real estate

  779   784   -   836   36 

Commercial business

  211   210   -   325   9 

Home equity and second mortgage

  353   345   -   234   13 

Other consumer

  -   -   -   19   - 
                     
  $3,168  $3,338  $-  $3,270  $81 

 

 

The following table summarizes the Company’s impaired loans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company did not recognize any interest income on impaired loans using the cash receipts method of accounting for the year ended December 31, 2019.

 

     Unpaid     Average  Interest 
  

Recorded

  

Principal

  

Related

  

Recorded

  

Income

 
  

Investment

  

Balance

  

Allowance

  

Investment

  

Recognized

 
  

(In thousands)

 
                     

Loans with no related allowance recorded:

                    

Residential real estate

 $1,737  $1,986  $-  $1,973  $17 

Land

  115   117   -   147   - 

Construction

  -   -   -   209   - 

Commercial real estate

  353   352   -   446   33 

Commercial business

  249   257   -   330   11 

Home equity and second mortgage

  56   56   -   29   1 

Other consumer

  48   50   -   20   - 
                     
  $2,558  $2,818  $-  $3,154  $62 
                     

Loans with an allowance recorded:

                    

Residential real estate

 $189  $211  $16  $87  $- 

Land

  -   -   -   -   - 

Construction

  -   -   -   -   - 

Commercial real estate

  -   -   -   81   - 

Commercial business

  -   -   -   58   - 

Home equity and second mortgage

  -   -   -   13   - 

Other consumer

  -   -   -   -   - 
                     
  $189  $211  $16  $239  $- 
                     

Total:

                    

Residential real estate

 $1,926  $2,197  $16  $2,060  $17 

Land

  115   117   -   147   - 

Construction

  -   -   -   209   - 

Commercial real estate

  353   352   -   527   33 

Commercial business

  249   257   -   388   11 

Home equity and second mortgage

  56   56   -   42   1 

Other consumer

  48   50   -   20   - 
                     
  $2,747  $3,029  $16  $3,393  $62 

 

 

The following table summarizes the Company’s impaired loans for the year ended December 31, 2018. The Company did not recognize any interest income on impaired loans using the cash receipts method of accounting for the year ended December 31, 2018.

 

 

  

Average

  

Interest

 
  

Recorded

  

Income

 
  

Investment

  

Recognized

 

 

   (In thousands) 
         

Loans with no related allowance recorded:

        

Residential real estate

 $2,335  $23 

Land

  135   - 

Construction

  104   - 

Commercial real estate

  325   16 

Commercial business

  237   14 

Home equity and second mortgage

  57   1 

Other consumer

  5   1 
         
  $3,198  $55 
         

Loans with an allowance recorded:

        

Residential real estate

 $203  $- 

Land

  -   - 

Construction

  -   - 

Commercial real estate

  42   - 

Commercial business

  38   - 

Home equity and second mortgage

  5   - 

Other consumer

  -   - 
         
  $288  $- 
         

Total:

        

Residential real estate

 $2,538  $23 

Land

  135   - 

Construction

  104   - 

Commercial real estate

  367   16 

Commercial business

  275   14 

Home equity and second mortgage

  62   1 

Other consumer

  5   1 
         
  $3,486  $55 

 

Nonperforming loans consists of nonaccrual loans and loans over 90 days past due and still accruing interest. The following table presents the recorded investment in nonperforming loans at December 31, 2020 and 2019:

 

  

December 31, 2020

  

December 31, 2019

 
  

Nonaccrual

Loans

  

Loans 90+ Days

Past Due

Still Accruing

  

Total Nonperforming Loans

  

Nonaccrual

Loans

  

Loans 90+ Days

Past Due

Still Accruing

  

Total Nonperforming Loans

 
  

(In thousands)

 
                         

Residential real estate

 $1,154  $-  $1,154  $1,544  $13  $1,557 

Land

  97   59   156   115   -   115 

Construction

  -   -   -   -   -   - 

Commercial real estate

  155   -   155   -   -   - 

Commercial business

  -   -   -   58   -   58 

Home equity and second mortgage

  -   -   -   -   -   - 

Other consumer

  -   -   -   48   -   48 
                         

Total

 $1,406  $59  $1,465  $1,765  $13  $1,778 

 

 

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in loans at December 31, 2020:

 

  

30-59 Days

Past Due

  

60-89 Days

Past Due

  

Over 90 Days

Past Due

  

Total

Past Due

  

Current

  

Purchased Credit Impaired Loans

  

Total

Loans

 
      

(In thousands)

 
                             

Residential real estate

 $1,672  $227  $726  $2,625  $128,954  $271  $131,850 

Land

  130   65   156   351   17,110   -   17,461 

Construction

  -   -   -   -   25,018   -   25,018 

Commercial real estate

  155   -   -   155   135,303   26   135,484 

Commercial business

  -   -   -   -   81,809   -   81,809 

Home equity and second mortgage

  53   302   -   355   52,922   -   53,277 

Other consumer

  285   101   -   386   63,594   -   63,980 
                             

Total

 $2,295  $695  $882  $3,872  $504,710  $297  $508,879 

 

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in loans at December 31, 2019:

 

  

30-59 Days

Past Due

  

60-89 Days

Past Due

  

Over 90 Days

Past Due

  

Total

Past Due

  

Current

  

Purchased Credit Impaired Loans

  

Total

Loans

 
      

(In thousands)

 
                             

Residential real estate

 $2,572  $824  $1,010  $4,406  $127,848  $285  $132,539 

Land

  185   101   80   366   18,948   -   19,314 

Construction

  -   -   -   -   32,644   -   32,644 

Commercial real estate

  -   146   -   146   121,628   39   121,813 

Commercial business

  61   -   58   119   45,330   -   45,449 

Home equity and second mortgage

  395   256   -   651   55,337   -   55,988 

Other consumer

  504   66   -   570   64,870   -   65,440 
                             

Total

 $3,717  $1,393  $1,148  $6,258  $466,605  $324  $473,187 

 

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, public information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company classifies loans based on credit risk at least quarterly. The Company uses the following regulatory definitions for risk ratings:

 

Special Mention: Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Company’s credit position at some future date.

 

Substandard: Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

 

Doubtful/Nonaccrual: Loans classified as doubtful/nonaccrual have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

 

Loss: Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance on the Company’s books as an asset is not warranted.

 

Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass rated loans.

 

The following table presents the recorded investment in loans by risk category as of the date indicated:

 

  

Residential

Real Estate

  

Land

  

Construction

  

Commercial Real Estate

  

Commercial Business

  

Home Equity and Second Mortgage

  

Other Consumer

  

Total

 

(In thousands)

 

December 31, 2020:

                                

Pass

 $130,054  $16,925  $25,018  $131,822  $81,452  $52,869  $63,919  $502,059 

Special mention

  -   315   -   2,289   284   -   10   2,898 

Substandard

  642   124   -   1,218   73   408   51   2,516 

Doubtful/Nonaccrual

  1,154   97   -   155   -   -   -   1,406 

Loss

  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   - 
                                 

Total

 $131,850  $17,461  $25,018  $135,484  $81,809  $53,277  $63,980  $508,879 
                                 

December 31, 2019:

                                

Pass

 $129,613  $18,805  $32,394  $119,469  $44,879  $55,569  $65,320  $466,049 

Special mention

  46   327   250   1,136   378   -   72   2,209 

Substandard

  1,336   67   -   1,208   134   419   -   3,164 

Doubtful/Nonaccrual

  1,544   115   -   -   58   -   48   1,765 

Loss

  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   - 
                                 

Total

 $132,539  $19,314  $32,644  $121,813  $45,449  $55,988  $65,440  $473,187 

 

Troubled Debt Restructurings

 

The following table summarizes the Company’s TDRs by accrual status as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:

 

  

December 31, 2020

  

December 31, 2019

 
  

Accruing

  

Nonaccrual

  

Total

  

Related Allowance for Loan Losses

  

Accruing

  

Nonaccrual

  

Total

  

Related Allowance for Loan Losses

 
  

(In thousands)

 
                                 

Residential real estate

 $556  $-  $556  $-  $367  $66  $433  $- 

Commercial real estate

  621   -   621   -   553   -   553   - 

Commercial business

  210   -   210   -   191   -   191   - 

Home equity and second mortgage

  345   -   345   -   55   -   55   - 
                                 

Total

 $1,732  $-  $1,732  $-  $1,166  $66  $1,232  $- 

 

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loan terms have been modified in a TDR.

 

The Company restructured three residential real estate loans, two commercial business loans, one commercial real estate loan and one home equity loan during the year ended December 31, 2020, with pre-modification and post-modification balances of $358,000, $43,000, $250,000 and $294,000, respectively. The Company restructured two residential real estate loans, one commercial real estate loan and one home equity loan during the year ended December 31, 2019, with pre-modification and post-modification balances of $225,000, $154,000 and $56,000, respectively. The Company restructured two commercial business loans, one commercial real estate loan and one residential real estate loan during the year ended December 31, 2018, with pre-modification and post-modification balances of $234,000, $94,000 and $241,000, respectively. For the TDRs restructured during 2020, 2019 and 2018, the terms of modification included the deferral of contractual principal payments and the renewal/extension of matured loans where the debtor was unable to access funds elsewhere at a market interest rate for debt with similar risk characteristics. There were no principal charge-offs recorded as a result of TDRs during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

 

The Company had no payment defaults (defined as the loan becoming more than 90 days past due, being moved to nonaccrual status, or the collateral being foreclosed upon) for TDRs modified within the previous 12 months during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. In the event that a TDR subsequently defaults, the Company evaluates the restructuring for possible impairment. As a result, the related allowance for loan losses may be increased or charge-offs may be taken to reduce the carrying amount of the loan. The Company did not recognize any provisions for loan losses or net charge-offs as a result of defaulted TDRs for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

 

On March 22, 2020, the federal banking agencies issued an “Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus”. The guidance encourages financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers that may be unable to meet their contractual obligations because of the effects of COVID-19. The guidance goes on to explain that in consultation with the FASB staff that the federal banking agencies concluded that short-term modifications (e.g., six months) made on a good faith basis to borrowers who were current as of the implementation date of a relief program are not TDRs. The CARES Act also addressed COVID-19 related modifications and specified that COVID-19 related modifications on loans that were current as of December 31, 2019 are not TDRs. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 further extended the relief from TDR accounting for qualified modifications to the earlier of January 1, 2022, or 60 days after the national emergency concerning COVID-19 terminates. The Bank has applied this guidance related to payment deferrals and other COVID-19 related loan modifications made through December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2020, the Bank had approved payment extensions of primarily one to three months on $68.1 million of balances in the loan portfolio, primarily related to commercial real estate lending relationships. Of that total, $65.3 million remained outstanding and $65.1 million had resumed payments at December 31, 2020.

 

Purchased Credit Impaired (PCI) Loans

 

Purchased loans acquired in a business combination are recorded at estimated fair value on their purchase date with no carryover of the related allowance for loan and lease losses. Such loans are accounted for individually or aggregated into pools of loans based on common risk characteristics such as credit score, loan type and date of origination. In determining the estimated fair value of purchased loans or pools, management considers a number of factors including the remaining life, estimated prepayments, estimated loss ratios, estimated value of the underlying collateral, and net present value of cash flows expected to be received, among others. Purchased loans are accounted for in accordance with guidance for certain loans acquired in a transfer (FASB ASC 310-30), when the loans have evidence of credit deterioration since origination and it is probable at the date of acquisition that the acquirer will not collect all contractually required principal and interest payments. The difference between contractually required payments and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the nonaccretable difference. The difference between the expected cash flows and the fair value at acquisition is recorded as interest income over the remaining life of the loan or pool of loans and is referred to as the accretable yield. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will generally result in a provision for loan and lease losses. Subsequent increases in expected cash flows will result in a reversal of the provision for loan losses to the extent of prior charges and then an adjustment to accretable yield, which is recognized as future interest income.

 

The following table presents the carrying amount of PCI loans accounted for under FASB ASC 310-30 at December 31, 2020 and 2019:
 

(In thousands)

 

2020

  

2019

 
         

Residential real estate

 $271  $285 

Commercial real estate

  26   39 

Carrying amount

  297   324 

Allowance for loan losses

  31   12 
         

Carrying amount, net of allowance

 $266  $312 


The outstanding balance of PCI loans accounted for under FASB ASC 310-30, including contractual principal, interest, fees and penalties was $390,000 and $466,000 at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

 

The allowance for loan losses related to PCI loans was $31,000 at December 31, 2020. The allowance for loan losses related to PCI loans was $12,000 at December 31, 2019. Provisions for loan losses related to PCI loans were $19,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020. Provisions for loan losses related to PCI loans were $12,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019. There was a $2,000 reduction of the allowance for loan losses related PCI loans for the year ended December 31, 2018.

 

Accretable yield, or income expected to be collected, is as follows for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

 

(In thousands)

 

2020

  

2019

  

2018

 
             

Beginning balance

 $403  $423  $470 

New loans acquired

  -   -   - 

Accretion to income

  (42)  (46)  (54)

Disposals and other adjustments

  (4)  -   (35)

Reclassification from nonaccretable difference

  (41)  26   42 
             

Ending balance

 $316  $403  $423