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Note 7 - Fair Value

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Notes to Financial Statements

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

NOTE 7– FAIR VALUE

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

•

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.


	•	Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.


	•	Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of each type of financial instrument:

Securities: The fair value for investment securities is determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). The fair values of debt securities are generally determined by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2).

Impaired loans: The fair value of impaired loans with specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses is generally based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available for similar loans and collateral underlying such loans. Non real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted in accordance with the allowance policy.

Foreclosed assets: Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals which are updated no less frequently than annually. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach with data from comparable properties. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Foreclosed assets are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.

The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets that were accounted for at fair value and are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

		*Fair Value Measurements Using*
		*Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)*				*Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)*				*Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)*				*Fair Value*
September 30, 2022
Securities:
Certificates of deposit		$	—			$	1,488			$	—			$	1,488
Municipal securities			—				383				—				383
U.S. Treasury Notes			162,265				—				—				162,265
U.S. government-sponsored agencies			—				29,750				—				29,750
Mortgage-backed securities – residential			—				4,181				—				4,181
Collateralized mortgage obligations – residential			—				1,272				—				1,272
		$	162,265			$	37,074			$	—			$	199,339
December 31, 2021
Securities:
Certificates of deposit		$	—			$	2,728			$	—			$	2,728
U.S. Treasury Notes			76,553				—				—				76,553
Mortgage-backed securities - residential			—				4,833				—				4,833
Collateralized mortgage obligations – residential			—				1,580				—				1,580
		$	76,553			$	9,141			$	—			$	85,694

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:

		*Fair Value Measurement Using*
		*Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)*				*Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)*				*Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)*				*Fair Value*
September 30, 2022
Foreclosed assets		$	—			$	—			$	524			$	524

December 31, 2021
Impaired loans		$	—			$	—			$	267			$	267
Foreclosed assets			—				—				725				725

Impaired loans, which are measured for impairment using the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent loans, had a carrying amount of $297,000, with a valuation allowance of $30,000 at December 31, 2021. With respect to impaired loans, there was no change in the provision for loan losses for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. There was a recovery of $30,000 of the provision for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to no change in the provision for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Foreclosed assets are carried at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell. At September 30, 2022 foreclosed assets had a carrying value of $598,000 less a valuation allowance of $74,000, or $524,000. At December 31, 2021, foreclosed assets had a carrying value of $952,000 less a valuation allowance of $227,000, resulting in a fair value of $725,000. There was a $31,000 valuation adjustment of foreclosed assets recorded in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $124,000 and $405,000 of valuation adjustments of foreclosed assets recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

The following table presents quantitative information, based on certain empirical data with respect to Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:

		*Fair Value*			*Valuation Technique(s)*		*Significant Unobservable Input(s)*		*Range (Weighted Average)*
September 30, 2022
Foreclosed assets		$	524		Redemption value		Discount applied to valuation			8.4	%

December 31, 2021
Impaired loans		$	267		Sales comparison		Discount applied to valuation			22.0	%
Foreclosed assets			725		Redemption value		Discount applied to valuation			15.6	%

The carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments are as follows:

						*Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2022 Using:*
		*Carrying Amount*				*Level 1*				*Level 2*				*Level 3*				*Total*
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	216,131			$	214,013			$	2,118			$	—			$	216,131
Securities			199,339				162,265				37,074				—				199,339
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses			1,141,799				—				—				1,127,370				1,127,370
FHLB and FRB stock			7,490				—				—				—				N /A
Accrued interest receivable			7,011				420				190				6,401				7,011
Financial liabilities
Certificates of deposit			188,523				—				184,501				—				184,501
Subordinated notes			19,623				—				18,262				—				18,262

						*Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 Using:*
		*Carrying Amount*				*Level 1*				*Level 2*				*Level 3*				*Total*
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	502,162			$	448,552			$	53,610			$	—			$	502,162
Securities			85,694				76,553				9,141				—				85,694
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses			1,044,207				—				—				1,039,298				1,039,298
FHLB and FRB stock			7,490				—				—				—				N /A
Accrued interest receivable			4,648				79				13				4,556				4,648
Financial liabilities
Certificates of deposit			206,918				—				206,530				—				206,530
Borrowings			5,000				—				4,999				—				4,999
Subordinated notes			19,590				—				20,240				—				20,240

Loans: The exit price observations are obtained from an independent third-party using its proprietary valuation model and methodology and may not reflect actual or prospective market valuations. The valuation is based on the probability of default, loss given default, recovery delay, prepayment, and discount rate assumptions.

While the above estimates are based on management’s judgment of the most appropriate factors, as of the balance sheet date, there is no assurance that the estimated fair values would have been realized if the assets were disposed of or the liabilities settled at that date, since market values may differ depending on the various circumstances. The estimated fair values would also not apply to subsequent dates.

In addition, other assets and liabilities that are not financial instruments, such as premises and equipment, are not included in the above disclosures.

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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