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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Basis of Presentation: BankFinancial Corporation, a Maryland corporation headquartered in Burr Ridge, Illinois, is the owner of all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of BankFinancial, National Association (the “Bank”). The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts and transactions of BankFinancial Corporation, the Bank, and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Financial Assurance Services, Inc. and BFIN Asset Recovery Company, LLC (collectively, the “Company”), and reflect all normal and recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented. Such adjustments are the only adjustments reflected in the accompanying financial statements. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The results of operations for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023 or for any other period. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Use of Estimates: The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates and assumptions are based on the best available information, actual information and actual results could differ from those estimates.
Loans and Loan Income [Policy Text Block] | Factored Receivables: The Company purchases invoices from its factoring customers in schedules or batches. These receivables are included in loans receivable on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and as commercial loans and leases in Note 4 - Loans Receivable. The face value of the invoices purchased or amount advanced is recorded by the Company as factored receivables, and the unadvanced portions of the invoices purchased, less fees, are considered customer reserves. The customer reserves are held to settle any payment disputes or collection shortfalls. Customer reserves may be used to pay customers’ obligations to various third parties as directed by the customer, are periodically released to or withdrawn by customers, and are reported as noninterest-bearing deposits in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The unpaid principal balances of these receivables were $5.9 million and $7.0 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are included in commercial loans and leases. The customer reserves associated with the factored receivables were $1.9 million and $1.4 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Factoring fees are recognized in interest income as incurred by the customer and deducted from the customer's reserve balances. Other factoring-related fees, which include wire transfer fees, broker fees, and other similar fees, are reported by the Company as loan servicing fees in noninterest income.
Loans and Leases Receivable, Allowance for Loan Losses Policy [Policy Text Block] | Allowance for Credit Losses: On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASC 326”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASC 326 amends guidance on reporting credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities. ASC 326 eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold in current US GAAP and instead, requires an entity to reflect its current estimate of all expected credit losses based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected. ASC 326 also expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models, and methods for estimating the reserve for credit losses. In addition, entities need to disclose the amortized cost balance for each class of financial asset by credit quality indicator, disaggregated by the year of origination. The Company adopted ASC 326 using the modified retrospective approach. Results for the periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under Accounting Standards Codification 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable US GAAP. The Company recorded a net reduction of retained earnings of $1.7 million upon adoption. The transition adjustment includes an increase in credit related reserves of $1.9 million and the recording of an unfunded commitment reserve of $417,000, respectively, net of the corresponding increase in deferred tax assets of $604,000.
|  | January 1, 2023 |
|  | Post ASC 326 Adoption |  |  | Pre-ASC 326 Adoption |  |  | Pre-tax impact of ASC 326 Adoption |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential real estate |  | $ | 380 |  |  | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | 99 |
Multi-family mortgage |  |  | 4,647 |  |  |  | 4,017 |  |  |  | 630 |
Nonresidential real estate |  |  | 1,300 |  |  |  | 1,234 |  |  |  | 66 |
Commercial loans and leases |  |  | 3,670 |  |  |  | 2,548 |  |  |  | 1,122 |
Consumer |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | (10 | )
Total allowance for credit losses |  | $ | 10,036 |  |  | $ | 8,129 |  |  | $ | 1,907 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unfunded commitment reserve |  | $ | 417 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 417 |
The allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) is evaluated on a regular basis and established through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for credit losses. When a loan or portion of a loan is determined to be uncollectible, the portion deemed uncollectible is charged against the allowance and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.
| a. | Portfolio Segmentation (“Pooled Loans”)
Portfolio segmentation is defined as the pooling of loans based upon similar risk characteristics such that quantitative methodologies and qualitative adjustment factors for estimating the allowance for credit losses is constructed for each segment. The allowance for credit losses for Pooled Loans estimate is based upon periodic review of the collectability of the loans quantitatively correlating historical loan experience with reasonable and supportable forecasts using forward looking information. Adjustments to the quantitative evaluation may be made for differences in current or expected qualitative risk characteristics such as changes in: underwriting standards, delinquency level, regulatory environment, economic condition, Company management and the status of portfolio administration including the Company’s Loan Review function.
| b. | Individually Evaluated Loans
The Company establishes a specific loss reserve for individually evaluated loans which do not share similar risk characteristics with the loans included in the forecasted allowance for credit losses. These individually evaluated loans are removed from the pooling approach discussed above for the forecasted allowance for credit losses, and include nonaccrual loans and other loans deemed appropriate by management.
| c. | Accrued Interest Receivable
Upon adoption of ASC 326 and its related amendments on January 1, 2023, the Company made the following elections regarding accrued interest receivable:
| ● | Presenting accrued interest receivable balances separately within another line item on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
| ● | Continuing our policy to fully reserve accrued interest receivable by reversing interest income. For commercial loans, the reserve is established upon becoming 90 days past due. For consumer loans, the charge-off typically occurs upon becoming 120 days past due. Historically, the Company has not experienced uncollectible accrued interest receivable on its investment securities.
| ● | Not measuring an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable due to the Company’s policy of fully reserving uncollectible accrued interest receivable balances in a timely manner, as described above.
| d. | Reserve for Unfunded Commitments
The reserve for unfunded commitments (the “Unfunded Commitment Reserve”) represents the expected credit losses on off-balance sheet commitments such as unfunded commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. However, a liability is not recognized for commitments that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The Unfunded Commitment Reserve is recognized as a liability (other liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition), with adjustments to the unfunded commitment reserve recognized as a provision for credit loss expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Unfunded Commitment Reserve is determined by estimating expected future fundings, under each segment, and applying the expected loss rates. Expected future fundings are based on historical averages of funding rates (i.e., the likelihood of draws taken). To estimate future fundings on unfunded balances, current funding rates are compared to historical funding rates.
Troubled Debt Restructuring and Vintage Disclosures [Policy Text Block] | Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures: ASU 2022-02 “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” eliminates the Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDR”) accounting model for creditors that have already adopted ASC 326. In lieu of the TDR accounting model, loan refinancing and restructuring guidance in ASC Subtopic 310-20 “Investments—Debt Securities” will apply to all loan modifications, including those made for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. This standard also enhances disclosure requirements related to certain loan modifications. Additionally, this standard introduces new requirements to disclose gross write-off information in the vintage disclosures of financing receivables by credit quality indicator and class of financing receivable by year of origination. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2023.
Reclassification, Comparability Adjustment [Policy Text Block] | Reclassifications: Certain reclassifications have been made in the prior period’s financial statements to conform them to the current period’s presentation. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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