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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2023

or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For transition period from to

Commission File Number 0-51331

BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

Maryland | 75-3199276
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
60 North Frontage Road, Burr Ridge, Illinois 60527
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (800) 894-6900

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share |  | BFIN |  | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☒
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date. At October 26, 2023, there were 12,547,390 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding.

Table of Contents

BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

Form 10-Q

September 30, 2023

Table of Contents

|  | Page Number
PART I
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 2
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk | 34
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 35
PART II
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 36
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 36
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 36
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 36
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 36
Item 5. | Other Information | 36
Item 6. | Exhibits | 37
Signatures | 38

Table of Contents

BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(In thousands, except share and per share data) - Unaudited

|  | September 30, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from other financial institutions |  | $ | 19,691 |  |  | $ | 12,046 |
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions |  |  | 151,870 |  |  |  | 54,725 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 171,561 |  |  |  | 66,771 |
Securities, at fair value |  |  | 158,425 |  |  |  | 210,338 |
Loans receivable, net of allowance for credit losses: September 30, 2023, $8,559 and December 31, 2022, $8,129 |  |  | 1,105,604 |  |  |  | 1,226,743 |
Foreclosed assets, net |  |  | 902 |  |  |  | 476 |
Stock in Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") and Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB"), at cost |  |  | 7,490 |  |  |  | 7,490 |
Premises held-for-sale |  |  | 540 |  |  |  | — |
Premises and equipment, net |  |  | 22,914 |  |  |  | 24,956 |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 8,343 |  |  |  | 7,338 |
Bank-owned life insurance |  |  | 18,556 |  |  |  | 18,815 |
Deferred taxes |  |  | 4,979 |  |  |  | 5,480 |
Other assets |  |  | 6,140 |  |  |  | 7,035 |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,505,454 |  |  | $ | 1,575,442 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing |  | $ | 258,318 |  |  | $ | 280,625 |
Interest-bearing |  |  | 1,017,510 |  |  |  | 1,094,309 |
Total deposits |  |  | 1,275,828 |  |  |  | 1,374,934 |
Borrowings |  |  | 25,000 |  |  |  | — |
Subordinated notes, net of unamortized issuance costs |  |  | 19,667 |  |  |  | 19,634 |
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance |  |  | 15,188 |  |  |  | 8,674 |
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities |  |  | 16,016 |  |  |  | 20,529 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 1,351,699 |  |  |  | 1,423,771 |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 12,547,390 shares issued at September 30, 2023 and 12,742,597 shares issued at December 31, 2022 |  |  | 125 |  |  |  | 127 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 84,133 |  |  |  | 85,848 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 73,602 |  |  |  | 71,808 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (4,105 | ) |  |  | (6,112 | )
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 153,755 |  |  |  | 151,671 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 1,505,454 |  |  | $ | 1,575,442 |

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except share and per share data) - Unaudited

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Interest and dividend income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, including fees |  | $ | 14,276 |  |  | $ | 12,735 |  |  | $ | 43,014 |  |  | $ | 35,231 |
Securities |  |  | 808 |  |  |  | 821 |  |  |  | 2,763 |  |  |  | 1,552 |
Other |  |  | 1,810 |  |  |  | 1,374 |  |  |  | 3,455 |  |  |  | 2,449 |
Total interest income |  |  | 16,894 |  |  |  | 14,930 |  |  |  | 49,232 |  |  |  | 39,232 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | 3,470 |  |  |  | 809 |  |  |  | 8,531 |  |  |  | 1,809 |
Borrowings and Subordinated notes |  |  | 470 |  |  |  | 199 |  |  |  | 1,304 |  |  |  | 596 |
Total interest expense |  |  | 3,940 |  |  |  | 1,008 |  |  |  | 9,835 |  |  |  | 2,405 |
Net interest income |  |  | 12,954 |  |  |  | 13,922 |  |  |  | 39,397 |  |  |  | 36,827 |
Provision for credit losses - loans |  |  | 180 |  |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | 1,085 |
Recovery of credit losses - unfunded commitments |  |  | (44 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (89 | ) |  |  | — |
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses |  |  | 136 |  |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | 1,085 |
Net interest income after (recovery of) provision for credit losses |  |  | 12,818 |  |  |  | 13,572 |  |  |  | 39,401 |  |  |  | 35,742 |
Noninterest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposit service charges and fees |  |  | 836 |  |  |  | 829 |  |  |  | 2,482 |  |  |  | 2,436 |
Loan servicing fees |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 59 |  |  |  | 368 |  |  |  | 350 |
Trust and insurance commissions and annuities income |  |  | 290 |  |  |  | 287 |  |  |  | 933 |  |  |  | 887 |
Losses on sales of securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (454 | ) |  |  | — |
Gain on sale of premises and equipment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | — |
Valuation adjustment on bank premises held-for-sale |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (585 | ) |  |  | — |
(Loss) earnings on bank-owned life insurance |  |  | (88 | ) |  |  | (14 | ) |  |  | (259 | ) |  |  | 25 |
Bank-owned life insurance death benefit |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 446 |
Other |  |  | 104 |  |  |  | 126 |  |  |  | 298 |  |  |  | 426 |
Total noninterest income |  |  | 1,240 |  |  |  | 1,287 |  |  |  | 2,792 |  |  |  | 4,570 |
Noninterest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits |  |  | 5,369 |  |  |  | 5,241 |  |  |  | 16,553 |  |  |  | 16,210 |
Office occupancy and equipment |  |  | 2,046 |  |  |  | 1,970 |  |  |  | 6,115 |  |  |  | 6,037 |
Advertising and public relations |  |  | 171 |  |  |  | 138 |  |  |  | 623 |  |  |  | 488 |
Information technology |  |  | 944 |  |  |  | 894 |  |  |  | 2,758 |  |  |  | 2,640 |
Professional fees |  |  | 366 |  |  |  | 245 |  |  |  | 1,038 |  |  |  | 1,030 |
Supplies, telephone, and postage |  |  | 311 |  |  |  | 342 |  |  |  | 965 |  |  |  | 1,051 |
FDIC insurance premiums |  |  | 222 |  |  |  | 134 |  |  |  | 658 |  |  |  | 356 |
Other |  |  | 1,361 |  |  |  | 1,637 |  |  |  | 3,592 |  |  |  | 3,277 |
Total noninterest expense |  |  | 10,790 |  |  |  | 10,601 |  |  |  | 32,302 |  |  |  | 31,089 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 3,268 |  |  |  | 4,258 |  |  |  | 9,891 |  |  |  | 9,223 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 899 |  |  |  | 1,037 |  |  |  | 2,577 |  |  |  | 2,167 |
Net income |  | $ | 2,369 |  |  | $ | 3,221 |  |  | $ | 7,314 |  |  | $ | 7,056 |
Basic and diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 0.25 |  |  | $ | 0.58 |  |  | $ | 0.54 |
Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  | 12,578,494 |  |  |  | 13,060,266 |  |  |  | 12,655,305 |  |  |  | 13,142,584 |

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands) - Unaudited

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net income |  | $ | 2,369 |  |  | $ | 3,221 |  |  | $ | 7,314 |  |  | $ | 7,056 |
Unrealized holding gain (loss) on securities arising during the period |  |  | 1,099 |  |  |  | (3,634 | ) |  |  | 2,260 |  |  |  | (8,741 | )
Tax effect |  |  | (286 | ) |  |  | 972 |  |  |  | (588 | ) |  |  | 2,339 |
Unrealized holding gain (loss) on securities, net of tax |  |  | 813 |  |  |  | (2,662 | ) |  |  | 1,672 |  |  |  | (6,402 | )
Reclassification adjustment for loss included in net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 454 |  |  |  | — |
Tax effect, included in income tax expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (119 | ) |  |  | — |
Reclassification adjustment for loss included in net income, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 335 |  |  |  | — |
Other comprehensive gain (loss), net of tax |  |  | 813 |  |  |  | (2,662 | ) |  |  | 2,007 |  |  |  | (6,402 | )
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 3,182 |  |  | $ | 559 |  |  | $ | 9,321 |  |  | $ | 654 |

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except per share data) - Unaudited

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common |  |  | Paid-in |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  |  |  |
|  | Stock |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Income (Loss) |  |  | Total |
For the three months ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at July 1, 2022 |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 89,917 |  |  | $ | 67,742 |  |  | $ | (3,660 | ) |  | $ | 154,130 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,221 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,221 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax effect |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,662 | ) |  |  | (2,662 | )
Repurchase and retirement of common stock (231,311 shares) |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (2,311 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,313 | )
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.10 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,306 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,306 | )
Balance at September 30, 2022 |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 87,606 |  |  | $ | 69,657 |  |  | $ | (6,322 | ) |  | $ | 151,070 |
Balance at July 1, 2023 |  | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | 84,603 |  |  | $ | 72,492 |  |  | $ | (4,918 | ) |  | $ | 152,303 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,369 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,369 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax effect |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 813 |  |  |  | 813 |
Repurchase and retirement of common stock (53,088 shares) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (470 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (471 | )
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.10 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,259 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,259 | )
Balance at September 30, 2023 |  | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | 84,133 |  |  | $ | 73,602 |  |  | $ | (4,105 | ) |  | $ | 153,755 |
For the nine months ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 132 |  |  | $ | 90,709 |  |  | $ | 66,545 |  |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 157,466 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,056 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,056 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax effect |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,402 | ) |  |  | (6,402 | )
Repurchase and retirement of common stock (306,311 shares) |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (3,103 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,106 | )
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.30 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,944 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,944 | )
Balance at September 30, 2022 |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 87,606 |  |  | $ | 69,657 |  |  | $ | (6,322 | ) |  | $ | 151,070 |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | 85,848 |  |  | $ | 71,808 |  |  | $ | (6,112 | ) |  | $ | 151,671 |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,719 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,719 | )
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,314 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,314 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax effect |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,007 |  |  |  | 2,007 |
Repurchase and retirement of common stock (195,207 shares) |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (1,715 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,717 | )
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.30 per share) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,801 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,801 | )
Balance at September 30, 2023 |  | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | 84,133 |  |  | $ | 73,602 |  |  | $ | (4,105 | ) |  | $ | 153,755 |

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands) - Unaudited

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 7,314 |  |  | $ | 7,056 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for credit losses - loans |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | 1,085 |
Recovery of credit losses - unfunded commitments |  |  | (89 | ) |  |  | — |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 1,093 |  |  |  | 1,082 |
Net change in net deferred loan origination costs |  |  | (123 | ) |  |  | (567 | )
Losses on sales of securities |  |  | 454 |  |  |  | — |
Valuation adjustment on bank premises held-for-sale |  |  | 585 |  |  |  | — |
Gain on disposal of premises and equipment |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | — |
Loss (gain) on sale of foreclosed assets |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | (7 | )
Foreclosed assets write-down |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | — |
Foreclosed assets valuation adjustments |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | (153 | )
Loss (earnings) on bank-owned life insurance |  |  | 259 |  |  |  | (25 | )
Net change in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | (1,005 | ) |  |  | (2,363 | )
Other assets |  |  | 1,362 |  |  |  | 850 |
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities |  |  | (4,841 | ) |  |  | (6,469 | )
Net cash from operating activities |  |  | 5,218 |  |  |  | 489 |
Cash flows from (used in) investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from maturities |  |  | 14,977 |  |  |  | 2,728 |
Proceeds from principal repayments |  |  | 540 |  |  |  | 707 |
Proceeds from sale of securities |  |  | 42,631 |  |  |  | — |
Purchases of securities |  |  | (3,469 | ) |  |  | (122,325 | )
Net change in loans receivable |  |  | 118,262 |  |  |  | (98,487 | )
Bank-owned life insurance death benefit |  |  | — |  |  |  | 275 |
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets |  |  | 362 |  |  |  | 680 |
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment |  |  | 690 |  |  |  | — |
Purchase of premises and equipment, net |  |  | (1,311 | ) |  |  | (1,422 | )
Net cash from (used in) investing activities |  |  | 172,682 |  |  |  | (217,844 | )
Cash flows used in financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net change in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | (99,106 | ) |  |  | (63,173 | )
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance |  |  | 6,514 |  |  |  | 6,547 |
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances |  |  | 35,000 |  |  |  | — |
Repayments of Federal Home Loan Bank advances |  |  | (10,000 | ) |  |  | (5,000 | )
Repurchase and retirement of common stock |  |  | (1,717 | ) |  |  | (3,106 | )
Cash dividends paid on common stock |  |  | (3,801 | ) |  |  | (3,944 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (73,110 | ) |  |  | (68,676 | )
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 104,790 |  |  |  | (286,031 | )
Beginning cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 66,771 |  |  |  | 502,162 |
Ending cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 171,561 |  |  | $ | 216,131 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid |  | $ | 9,405 |  |  | $ | 2,214 |
Income taxes paid |  |  | 2,760 |  |  |  | 2,012 |
Income taxes refunded |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 8 |
Assets transferred to premises held-for-sale |  |  | 1,799 |  |  |  | — |
Loans transferred to foreclosed assets |  |  | 921 |  |  |  | 319 |
Due to broker |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,000 |

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Table amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation: BankFinancial Corporation, a Maryland corporation headquartered in Burr Ridge, Illinois, is the owner of all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of BankFinancial, National Association (the “Bank”). The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts and transactions of BankFinancial Corporation, the Bank, and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Financial Assurance Services, Inc. and BFIN Asset Recovery Company, LLC (collectively, the “Company”), and reflect all normal and recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented. Such adjustments are the only adjustments reflected in the accompanying financial statements. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The results of operations for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023 or for any other period.

Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Use of Estimates: The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates and assumptions are based on the best available information, actual information and actual results could differ from those estimates.

Factored Receivables: The Company purchases invoices from its factoring customers in schedules or batches. These receivables are included in loans receivable on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and as commercial loans and leases in Note 4 - Loans Receivable. The face value of the invoices purchased or amount advanced is recorded by the Company as factored receivables, and the unadvanced portions of the invoices purchased, less fees, are considered customer reserves. The customer reserves are held to settle any payment disputes or collection shortfalls. Customer reserves may be used to pay customers’ obligations to various third parties as directed by the customer, are periodically released to or withdrawn by customers, and are reported as noninterest-bearing deposits in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The unpaid principal balances of these receivables were $5.9 million and $7.0 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and are included in commercial loans and leases. The customer reserves associated with the factored receivables were $1.9 million and $1.4 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Factoring fees are recognized in interest income as incurred by the customer and deducted from the customer's reserve balances. Other factoring-related fees, which include wire transfer fees, broker fees, and other similar fees, are reported by the Company as loan servicing fees in noninterest income.

Allowance for Credit Losses: On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASC 326”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASC 326 amends guidance on reporting credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities. ASC 326 eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold in current US GAAP and instead, requires an entity to reflect its current estimate of all expected credit losses based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected. ASC 326 also expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models, and methods for estimating the reserve for credit losses. In addition, entities need to disclose the amortized cost balance for each class of financial asset by credit quality indicator, disaggregated by the year of origination.

The Company adopted ASC 326 using the modified retrospective approach. Results for the periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under Accounting Standards Codification 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable US GAAP. The Company recorded a net reduction of retained earnings of $1.7 million upon adoption. The transition adjustment includes an increase in credit related reserves of $1.9 million and the recording of an unfunded commitment reserve of $417,000, respectively, net of the corresponding increase in deferred tax assets of $604,000.

|  | January 1, 2023 |
|  | Post ASC 326 Adoption |  |  | Pre-ASC 326 Adoption |  |  | Pre-tax impact of ASC 326 Adoption |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential real estate |  | $ | 380 |  |  | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | 99 |
Multi-family mortgage |  |  | 4,647 |  |  |  | 4,017 |  |  |  | 630 |
Nonresidential real estate |  |  | 1,300 |  |  |  | 1,234 |  |  |  | 66 |
Commercial loans and leases |  |  | 3,670 |  |  |  | 2,548 |  |  |  | 1,122 |
Consumer |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | (10 | )
Total allowance for credit losses |  | $ | 10,036 |  |  | $ | 8,129 |  |  | $ | 1,907 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unfunded commitment reserve |  | $ | 417 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 417 |

7

Table of Contents

BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Table amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

The allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) is evaluated on a regular basis and established through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for credit losses. When a loan or portion of a loan is determined to be uncollectible, the portion deemed uncollectible is charged against the allowance and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

| a. | Portfolio Segmentation (“Pooled Loans”)

Portfolio segmentation is defined as the pooling of loans based upon similar risk characteristics such that quantitative methodologies and qualitative adjustment factors for estimating the allowance for credit losses is constructed for each segment. The allowance for credit losses for Pooled Loans estimate is based upon periodic review of the collectability of the loans quantitatively correlating historical loan experience with reasonable and supportable forecasts using forward looking information. Adjustments to the quantitative evaluation may be made for differences in current or expected qualitative risk characteristics such as changes in: underwriting standards, delinquency level, regulatory environment, economic condition, Company management and the status of portfolio administration including the Company’s Loan Review function.

| b. | Individually Evaluated Loans

The Company establishes a specific loss reserve for individually evaluated loans which do not share similar risk characteristics with the loans included in the forecasted allowance for credit losses. These individually evaluated loans are removed from the pooling approach discussed above for the forecasted allowance for credit losses, and include nonaccrual loans and other loans deemed appropriate by management.

| c. | Accrued Interest Receivable

Upon adoption of ASC 326 and its related amendments on January 1, 2023, the Company made the following elections regarding accrued interest receivable:

| ● | Presenting accrued interest receivable balances separately within another line item on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

| ● | Continuing our policy to fully reserve accrued interest receivable by reversing interest income. For commercial loans, the reserve is established upon becoming 90 days past due. For consumer loans, the charge-off typically occurs upon becoming 120 days past due. Historically, the Company has not experienced uncollectible accrued interest receivable on its investment securities.

| ● | Not measuring an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable due to the Company’s policy of fully reserving uncollectible accrued interest receivable balances in a timely manner, as described above.

| d. | Reserve for Unfunded Commitments

The reserve for unfunded commitments (the “Unfunded Commitment Reserve”) represents the expected credit losses on off-balance sheet commitments such as unfunded commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. However, a liability is not recognized for commitments that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The Unfunded Commitment Reserve is recognized as a liability (other liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition), with adjustments to the unfunded commitment reserve recognized as a provision for credit loss expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Unfunded Commitment Reserve is determined by estimating expected future fundings, under each segment, and applying the expected loss rates. Expected future fundings are based on historical averages of funding rates (i.e., the likelihood of draws taken). To estimate future fundings on unfunded balances, current funding rates are compared to historical funding rates.

Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures: ASU 2022-02 “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” eliminates the Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDR”) accounting model for creditors that have already adopted ASC 326. In lieu of the TDR accounting model, loan refinancing and restructuring guidance in ASC Subtopic 310-20 “Investments—Debt Securities” will apply to all loan modifications, including those made for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. This standard also enhances disclosure requirements related to certain loan modifications. Additionally, this standard introduces new requirements to disclose gross write-off information in the vintage disclosures of financing receivables by credit quality indicator and class of financing receivable by year of origination. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2023.

Reclassifications: Certain reclassifications have been made in the prior period’s financial statements to conform them to the current period’s presentation.

These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

8

Table of Contents

BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Table amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 2 - EARNINGS PER SHARE

Amounts reported in earnings per share reflect earnings available to common stockholders for the period divided by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net income available to common stockholders |  | $ | 2,369 |  |  | $ | 3,221 |  |  | $ | 7,314 |  |  | $ | 7,056 |
Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  | 12,578,494 |  |  |  | 13,060,266 |  |  |  | 12,655,305 |  |  |  | 13,142,584 |
Basic and diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 0.25 |  |  | $ | 0.58 |  |  | $ | 0.54 |

NOTE 3 - SECURITIES

The fair value of securities and the related gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income is as follows:

|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit |  | $ | 2,725 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,725 |
Municipal securities |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | 229 |
U.S. Treasury Notes |  |  | 128,326 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,231 | ) |  |  | 123,095 |
U.S. government-sponsored agencies |  |  | 28,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (137 | ) |  |  | 27,863 |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 3,622 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | (165 | ) |  |  | 3,480 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations - residential |  |  | 1,059 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (26 | ) |  |  | 1,033 |
|  | $ | 163,972 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | (5,570 | ) |  | $ | 158,425 |
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit |  | $ | 2,233 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,233 |
Municipal securities |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  | 225 |
U.S. Treasury Notes |  |  | 170,906 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,803 | ) |  |  | 163,103 |
U.S. government-sponsored agencies |  |  | 40,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (301 | ) |  |  | 39,699 |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 3,997 |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | (143 | ) |  |  | 3,881 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations - residential |  |  | 1,223 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (26 | ) |  |  | 1,197 |
|  | $ | 218,599 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | (8,288 | ) |  | $ | 210,338 |

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations reflected in the preceding table were issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies, Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae and Ginnie Mae, and are obligations which the government has affirmed its commitment to support.

The amortized cost and fair values of securities available-for-sale by contractual maturity are shown below. Securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

|  | September 30, 2023 |
|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Fair Value |
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 87,637 |  |  | $ | 86,118 |
Due after one year through five years |  |  | 71,654 |  |  |  | 67,794 |
|  |  | 159,291 |  |  |  | 153,912 |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 3,622 |  |  |  | 3,480 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations - residential |  |  | 1,059 |  |  |  | 1,033 |
|  | $ | 163,972 |  |  | $ | 158,425 |

9

Table of Contents

BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Table amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 3 - SECURITIES (continued)

Securities available-for-sale with unrealized losses not recognized in income are as follows:

|  | Less than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or More |  |  | Total |
|  | Count |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Count |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Count |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |
September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal securities |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | (11 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | (11 | )
U.S. Treasury Notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 181 |  |  |  | 123,095 |  |  |  | (5,231 | ) |  |  | 181 |  |  |  | 123,095 |  |  |  | (5,231 | )
U.S. government-sponsored agencies |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 12,922 |  |  |  | (78 | ) |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 14,941 |  |  |  | (59 | ) |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 27,863 |  |  |  | (137 | )
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 2,652 |  |  |  | (162 | ) |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 2,763 |  |  |  | (165 | )
Collateralized mortgage obligations - residential |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 1,033 |  |  |  | (26 | ) |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 1,033 |  |  |  | (26 | )
|  |  | 5 |  |  | $ | 13,033 |  |  | $ | (81 | ) |  |  | 208 |  |  | $ | 141,950 |  |  | $ | (5,489 | ) |  |  | 213 |  |  | $ | 154,983 |  |  | $ | (5,570 | )
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal securities |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | (15 | ) |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | (15 | )
U.S. Treasury Notes |  |  | 147 |  |  |  | 104,439 |  |  |  | (4,104 | ) |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 58,664 |  |  |  | (3,699 | ) |  |  | 200 |  |  |  | 163,103 |  |  |  | (7,803 | )
U.S. government-sponsored agencies |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 39,699 |  |  |  | (301 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 39,699 |  |  |  | (301 | )
Mortgage-backed securities - residential |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 3,016 |  |  |  | (143 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 3,016 |  |  |  | (143 | )
Collateralized mortgage obligations - residential |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 1,009 |  |  |  | (18 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 171 |  |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 1,180 |  |  |  | (26 | )
|  |  | 180 |  |  | $ | 148,388 |  |  | $ | (4,581 | ) |  |  | 54 |  |  | $ | 58,835 |  |  | $ | (3,707 | ) |  |  | 234 |  |  | $ | 207,223 |  |  | $ | (8,288 | )

The Company evaluates marketable investment securities with significant declines in fair value on a quarterly basis to determine whether they should be considered impaired under current accounting guidance, which generally provides that if a marketable security is in an unrealized loss position, whether due to general market conditions or industry or issuer-specific factors, the holder of the securities must assess whether the security is impaired.

U.S. Treasury Notes, U.S. government-sponsored agencies and certain other available-for-sale securities reflected in the above table that the Company holds in its investment portfolio were in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2023, but the unrealized loss was not recognized into income because the U.S. Treasury Notes are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States and the other issuers were high credit quality, it is not likely that the Company will be required to sell these securities before their anticipated recovery occurs and the decline in fair value was due to changes in interest rates and other market conditions. The fair values are expected to recover as maturity dates of these securities approach.

We reviewed the available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position within the guidelines of ASC 326 and determined that no credit loss is required to be recognized.

The proceeds from sales of securities and the associated losses were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Proceeds |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42,631 |  |  | $ | — |
Gross gains |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Gross losses |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (454 | ) |  |  | — |

10

Table of Contents

BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Table amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 4 - LOANS RECEIVABLE

The summary of loans receivable by class of loans is as follows:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
One-to-four family residential real estate |  | $ | 19,233 |  |  | $ | 23,133 |
Multi-family mortgage |  |  | 528,251 |  |  |  | 537,394 |
Nonresidential real estate |  |  | 117,641 |  |  |  | 119,705 |
Commercial loans and leases |  |  | 447,687 |  |  |  | 553,056 |
Consumer |  |  | 1,351 |  |  |  | 1,584 |
|  |  | 1,114,163 |  |  |  | 1,234,872 |
Allowance for credit losses |  |  | (8,559 | ) |  |  | (8,129 | )
Loans, net |  | $ | 1,105,604 |  |  | $ | 1,226,743 |

Net deferred loan origination costs included in the table above were $1.7 million as of September 30, 2023 and $1.6 million as of December 31, 2022.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans

The following table represents the activity in the ACL by class of loans:

|  | One-to-four family residential real estate |  |  | Multi-family mortgage |  |  | Nonresidential real estate |  |  | Commercial loans and leases |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Total |
For the three months ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 326 |  |  | $ | 4,679 |  |  | $ | 1,245 |  |  | $ | 2,943 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 9,226 |
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses |  |  | (62 | ) |  |  | (136 | ) |  |  | (95 | ) |  |  | 461 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 180 |
Loans charged off |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (889 | ) |  |  | (14 | ) |  |  | (903 | )
Recoveries |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56 |
|  | $ | 296 |  |  | $ | 4,547 |  |  | $ | 1,150 |  |  | $ | 2,535 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 8,559 |
September 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 286 |  |  | $ | 3,632 |  |  | $ | 1,093 |  |  | $ | 2,149 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 7,202 |
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | (72 | ) |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | 171 |  |  |  | 86 |  |  |  | 350 |
Loans charged off |  |  | (71 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (104 | ) |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | (191 | )
Recoveries |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25 |
|  | $ | 315 |  |  | $ | 3,566 |  |  | $ | 1,162 |  |  | $ | 2,231 |  |  | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | 7,386 |

|  | One-to-four family residential real estate |  |  | Multi-family mortgage |  |  | Nonresidential real estate |  |  | Commercial loans and leases |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Total |
For the nine months ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASC 326 |  | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | 4,017 |  |  | $ | 1,234 |  |  | $ | 2,548 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 8,129 |
Impact of adopting ASC 326 |  |  | 99 |  |  |  | 630 |  |  |  | 66 |  |  |  | 1,122 |  |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | 1,907 |
Beginning balance, after adoption of ASC 326 |  |  | 380 |  |  |  | 4,647 |  |  |  | 1,300 |  |  |  | 3,670 |  |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 10,036 |
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses |  |  | (128 | ) |  |  | (115 | ) |  |  | (150 | ) |  |  | 444 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 85 |
Loans charged off |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,606 | ) |  |  | (43 | ) |  |  | (1,649 | )
Recoveries |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 87 |
|  | $ | 296 |  |  | $ | 4,547 |  |  | $ | 1,150 |  |  | $ | 2,535 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 8,559 |
September 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 331 |  |  | $ | 3,377 |  |  | $ | 1,311 |  |  | $ | 1,652 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 6,715 |
Provision for credit losses |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 174 |  |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 718 |  |  |  | 101 |  |  |  | 1,085 |
Loans charged off |  |  | (76 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (192 | ) |  |  | (155 | ) |  |  | (49 | ) |  |  | (472 | )
Recoveries |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 58 |
|  | $ | 315 |  |  | $ | 3,566 |  |  | $ | 1,162 |  |  | $ | 2,231 |  |  | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | 7,386 |

As of September 30, 2023 we had $327,000 recorded as an unfunded commitment reserve, included in other liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

11

Table of Contents

BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Table amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 4 - LOANS RECEIVABLE (continued)

The following tables present the balance in the ACL and loans receivable by class of loans based on evaluation method. Allocation of a portion of the ACL to one category does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories:

|  | One-to-four family residential real estate |  |  | Multi-family mortgage |  |  | Nonresidential real estate |  |  | Commercial loans and leases |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Total |
September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,638 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,710 |
Loans collectively evaluated |  |  | 19,161 |  |  |  | 528,251 |  |  |  | 117,641 |  |  |  | 422,049 |  |  |  | 1,351 |  |  |  | 1,088,453 |
|  | $ | 19,233 |  |  | $ | 528,251 |  |  | $ | 117,641 |  |  | $ | 447,687 |  |  | $ | 1,351 |  |  | $ | 1,114,163 |
ACL: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Loans collectively evaluated |  |  | 296 |  |  |  | 4,547 |  |  |  | 1,150 |  |  |  | 2,535 |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 8,559 |
|  | $ | 296 |  |  | $ | 4,547 |  |  | $ | 1,150 |  |  | $ | 2,535 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 8,559 |

|  | One-to-four family residential real estate |  |  | Multi-family mortgage |  |  | Nonresidential real estate |  |  | Commercial loans and leases |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Total |
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated |  | $ | 752 |  |  | $ | 473 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,487 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,712 |
Loans collectively evaluated |  |  | 22,381 |  |  |  | 536,921 |  |  |  | 119,705 |  |  |  | 551,569 |  |  |  | 1,584 |  |  |  | 1,232,160 |
|  | $ | 23,133 |  |  | $ | 537,394 |  |  | $ | 119,705 |  |  | $ | 553,056 |  |  | $ | 1,584 |  |  | $ | 1,234,872 |
ACL: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Loans collectively evaluated |  |  | 281 |  |  |  | 4,017 |  |  |  | 1,234 |  |  |  | 2,548 |  |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 8,129 |
|  | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | 4,017 |  |  | $ | 1,234 |  |  | $ | 2,548 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 8,129 |

12

Table of Contents

BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Table amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 4 - LOANS RECEIVABLE (continued)

Individually Evaluated Loans

The following tables present loans individually evaluated by class of loans:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, 2023 |  |  | September 30, 2023 |
|  | Loan Balance |  |  | Recorded Investment |  |  | Partial Charge-off |  |  | Allowance for Credit Losses Allocated |  |  | Average Investment |  |  | Interest Income Recognized |  |  | Average Investment |  |  | Interest Income Recognized |
September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential real estate |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 3 |
Commercial loans and leases |  |  | 27,222 |  |  |  | 25,638 |  |  |  | 1,538 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,544 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 14,053 |  |  |  | 30 |
|  | $ | 27,292 |  |  | $ | 25,710 |  |  | $ | 1,538 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24,617 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 14,131 |  |  | $ | 33 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Year ended |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
|  | Loan Balance |  |  | Recorded Investment |  |  | Partial Charge-off |  |  | Allowance for Credit Losses Allocated |  |  | Average Investment |  |  | Interest Income Recognized |
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential real estate |  | $ | 752 |  |  | $ | 752 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,143 |  |  | $ | 29 |
Multi-family mortgage |  |  | 473 |  |  |  | 473 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 590 |  |  |  | 27 |
Commercial loans and leases |  |  | 1,606 |  |  |  | 1,487 |  |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 445 |  |  |  | 47 |
|  | $ | 2,831 |  |  | $ | 2,712 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,178 |  |  | $ | 103 |

Nonaccrual Loans

The following tables present the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans and loans 90 days or more past due still on accrual by class of loans:

|  | Nonaccrual |  |  | Loans Past Due Over 90 Days Still Accruing |
September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential real estate |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial loans and leases |  |  | 23,468 |  |  |  | 6,245 |
|  | $ | 23,508 |  |  | $ | 6,245 |
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential real estate |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial loans and leases |  |  | 1,310 |  |  |  | 238 |
Consumer |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 1,407 |  |  | $ | 238 |

Nonaccrual loans and individually evaluated loans are defined differently. Some loans may be included in both categories, and some loans may only be included in one category. Nonaccrual loans include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated and loans individually evaluated.

The Company’s reserve for uncollected loan interest was $1.2 million and $38,000 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. When a loan is on nonaccrual status and the ultimate collectability of the total principal of a loan is in doubt, all payments are applied to principal under the cost recovery method. Alternatively, when a loan is on nonaccrual status but there is doubt concerning only the ultimate collectability of interest, contractual interest is credited to interest income only when received, under the cash basis method. In all cases, the average balances are calculated based on the month–end balances of the financing receivables within the period reported.

13

Table of Contents

BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Table amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 4 - LOANS RECEIVABLE (continued)

Past Due Loans

The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment of loans by portfolio segment:

|  | 30-59 Days Past Due |  |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  |  | Greater Than 89 Days Past Due |  |  | Total Past Due |  |  | Nonaccrual |  |  | Current |  |  | Total |
September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential real estate loans |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 19,191 |  |  | $ | 19,233 |
Multi-family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,091 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,091 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 483,858 |  |  |  | 485,949 |
Junior notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 42,302 |  |  |  | 42,302 |
Nonresidential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21,423 |  |  |  | 21,423 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 96,218 |  |  |  | 96,218 |
Commercial loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  | 187 |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 2,144 |  |  |  | 2,362 |  |  |  | 4,512 |  |  |  | 224,815 |  |  |  | 231,689 |
Equipment finance - Government |  |  | 2,001 |  |  |  | 13,529 |  |  |  | 4,101 |  |  |  | 19,631 |  |  |  | 18,889 |  |  |  | 123,568 |  |  |  | 162,088 |
Equipment finance - Corporate Investment-grade |  |  | — |  |  |  | 213 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 213 |  |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | 53,630 |  |  |  | 53,910 |
Consumer |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,344 |  |  |  | 1,351 |
|  | $ | 2,192 |  |  | $ | 15,869 |  |  | $ | 6,245 |  |  | $ | 24,306 |  |  | $ | 23,508 |  |  | $ | 1,066,349 |  |  | $ | 1,114,163 |

|  | 30-59 Days Past Due |  |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  |  | Greater Than 89 Days Past Due |  |  | Total Past Due |  |  | Nonaccrual |  |  | Current |  |  | Total |
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential real estate loans |  | $ | 411 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 430 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 22,611 |  |  | $ | 23,133 |
Multi-family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior notes |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 494,957 |  |  |  | 494,988 |
Junior notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 42,406 |  |  |  | 42,406 |
Nonresidential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 22,617 |  |  |  | 22,617 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 97,088 |  |  |  | 97,088 |
Commercial loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  | 2,424 |  |  |  | 336 |  |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | 2,871 |  |  |  | 1,310 |  |  |  | 279,272 |  |  |  | 283,453 |
Equipment finance - Government |  |  | 2,034 |  |  |  | 5,106 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,140 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 204,443 |  |  |  | 211,583 |
Equipment finance - Corporate Investment-grade |  |  | — |  |  |  | 81 |  |  |  | 127 |  |  |  | 208 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 57,812 |  |  |  | 58,020 |
Consumer |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 1,563 |  |  |  | 1,584 |
|  | $ | 4,912 |  |  | $ | 5,546 |  |  | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | 10,696 |  |  | $ | 1,407 |  |  | $ | 1,222,769 |  |  | $ | 1,234,872 |

14

Table of Contents

BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Table amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 4 - LOANS RECEIVABLE (continued)

At September 30, 2023, the Company had no loan modifications that meet the definition described in ASU 2022-02 “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” for additional reporting.

At December 31, 2022, the Company evaluated loan extensions or modifications not qualified under Section 4013 of the CARES Act or under OCC Bulletin 2020-35 in accordance with FASB ASC 340-10 with respect to the classification of the loan as a Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”). Under ASC 340-10, if the Company grants a loan extension or modification to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties for other than an insignificant period of time that includes a below–market interest rate, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance or other concession intended to minimize the economic loss to the Company, the loan extension or loan modification is classified as a TDR. In cases where borrowers are granted new terms that provide for a reduction of either interest or principal then due and payable, management measures any impairment on the restructured loan in the same manner as for impaired loans as noted above. The Company had no TDRs at December 31, 2022.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, including current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. Risk ratings are updated any time the situation warrants. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Pass. This category includes loans that are all considered acceptable credits, ranging from investment or near investment grade, to loans made to borrowers who exhibit credit fundamentals that meet or exceed industry standards.

Watch. A “Watch List” loan is a loan that requires elevated monitoring because it does not conform to the applicable published loan policy or loan product underwriting standards, evidences intermittent past due payments or because of other matters of possible concern.

Special Mention. A “Special Mention” asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special Mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard. Loans categorized as “Substandard” continue to accrue interest, but exhibit a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that may jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. The loans continue to accrue interest because they are well secured and collection of principal and interest is expected within a reasonable time. The risk rating guidance published by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency clarifies that a loan with a well-defined weakness does not have to present a probability of default for the loan to be rated Substandard, and that an individual loan’s loss potential does not have to be distinct for the loan to be rated Substandard.

Nonaccrual. An asset classified “Nonaccrual” has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk categories of loans by class of loans are as follows:

|  | Pass |  |  | Watch |  |  | Special Mention |  |  | Substandard |  |  | Substandard Nonaccrual |  |  | Total |
September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential real estate |  | $ | 18,870 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 282 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 19,233 |
Multi-family mortgage |  |  | 523,406 |  |  |  | 3,510 |  |  |  | 1,335 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 528,251 |
Nonresidential real estate |  |  | 113,354 |  |  |  | 4,287 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 117,641 |
Commercial loans and leases |  |  | 391,602 |  |  |  | 26,932 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,685 |  |  |  | 23,468 |  |  |  | 447,687 |
Consumer |  |  | 1,340 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,351 |
|  | $ | 1,048,572 |  |  | $ | 34,775 |  |  | $ | 1,338 |  |  | $ | 5,970 |  |  | $ | 23,508 |  |  | $ | 1,114,163 |

|  | Pass |  |  | Watch |  |  | Special Mention |  |  | Substandard |  |  | Substandard Nonaccrual |  |  | Total |
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential real estate |  | $ | 22,648 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 327 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 23,133 |
Multi-family mortgage |  |  | 534,253 |  |  |  | 3,141 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 537,394 |
Nonresidential real estate |  |  | 116,635 |  |  |  | 3,070 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 119,705 |
Commercial loans and leases |  |  | 523,889 |  |  |  | 22,299 |  |  |  | 1,517 |  |  |  | 4,041 |  |  |  | 1,310 |  |  |  | 553,056 |
Consumer |  |  | 1,559 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 1,584 |
|  | $ | 1,198,984 |  |  | $ | 28,584 |  |  | $ | 1,525 |  |  | $ | 4,372 |  |  | $ | 1,407 |  |  | $ | 1,234,872 |

15

Table of Contents

BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Table amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 4 - LOANS RECEIVABLE (continued)

|  | Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | Prior |  |  | Revolving loans |  |  | Total |
September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk-rating |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 154 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,799 |  |  | $ | 3,917 |  |  | $ | 18,870 |
Watch |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41 |
Substandard |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 134 |  |  |  | 148 |  |  |  | 282 |
Nonaccrual |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 40 |
|  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 154 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,991 |  |  | $ | 4,088 |  |  | $ | 19,233 |
One-to-four family residential real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current period recoveries |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44 |
|  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44 |
Multi-family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk rating |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 38,554 |  |  | $ | 211,954 |  |  | $ | 113,728 |  |  | $ | 59,159 |  |  | $ | 22,304 |  |  | $ | 69,481 |  |  | $ | 8,226 |  |  | $ | 523,406 |
Watch |  |  | — |  |  |  | 650 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 264 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,596 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,510 |
Special mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,335 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,335 |
|  | $ | 38,554 |  |  | $ | 213,939 |  |  | $ | 113,728 |  |  | $ | 59,423 |  |  | $ | 22,304 |  |  | $ | 72,077 |  |  | $ | 8,226 |  |  | $ | 528,251 |
Multi-family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current period recoveries |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15 |
|  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15 |
Nonresidential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk rating |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 11,692 |  |  | $ | 51,053 |  |  | $ | 20,622 |  |  | $ | 7,900 |  |  | $ | 9,773 |  |  | $ | 12,210 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 113,354 |
Watch |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,567 |  |  |  | 1,547 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 173 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,287 |
|  | $ | 11,692 |  |  | $ | 53,620 |  |  | $ | 22,169 |  |  | $ | 7,900 |  |  | $ | 9,773 |  |  | $ | 12,383 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 117,641 |
Commercial loans and leases : |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk rating |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 41,000 |  |  | $ | 150,387 |  |  | $ | 77,204 |  |  | $ | 46,837 |  |  | $ | 4,618 |  |  | $ | 2,319 |  |  | $ | 69,237 |  |  | $ | 391,602 |
Watch |  |  | 4,101 |  |  |  | 8,114 |  |  |  | 1,006 |  |  |  | 353 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,358 |  |  |  | 26,932 |
Substandard |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,143 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,515 |  |  |  | 5,685 |
Nonaccrual |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 22,028 |  |  |  | 540 |  |  |  | 889 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 23,468 |
|  | $ | 45,112 |  |  | $ | 182,672 |  |  | $ | 78,750 |  |  | $ | 48,106 |  |  | $ | 4,618 |  |  | $ | 2,319 |  |  | $ | 86,110 |  |  | $ | 447,687 |
Commercial loans and leases : |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current period gross charge-offs |  | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | (1,586 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,606 | )
Current period recoveries |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27 |
|  | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | (1,586 | ) |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,579 | )
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk rating |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | 278 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 579 |  |  | $ | 1,340 |
Watch |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |
Special mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3 |
Substandard |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3 |
|  | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | 278 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 590 |  |  | $ | 1,351 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current period gross charge-offs |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (43 | ) |  | $ | (43 | )
Current period recoveries |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |
|  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (42 | ) |  | $ | (42 | )

16

Table of Contents

BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Table amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 5 - FORECLOSED ASSETS

Real estate that is acquired through foreclosure or a deed in lieu of foreclosure is classified as other real estate owned ("OREO") until it is sold. When real estate is acquired through foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure, it is recorded at its fair value, less the estimated costs of disposal. If the fair value of the property is less than the loan balance, the difference is charged against the allowance for credit losses.

Assets are classified as foreclosed when physical possession of the collateral is taken regardless of whether foreclosure proceedings have taken place. Other foreclosed assets received in satisfaction of borrowers’ debts are initially recorded at fair value of the asset less estimated costs to sell.

|  | September 30, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
|  | Balance |  |  | Valuation Allowance |  |  | Net Balance |  |  | Balance |  |  | Valuation Allowance |  |  | Net Balance |
Other real estate owned |  | $ | 472 |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | 472 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 472 |
Other foreclosed assets |  |  | 478 |  |  |  | (44 | ) |  |  | 434 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4 |
|  | $ | 950 |  |  | $ | (48 | ) |  | $ | 902 |  |  | $ | 476 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 476 |

The following represents the roll forward of foreclosed assets:

|  | For the Three Months Ended |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 950 |  |  | $ | 842 |  |  | $ | 476 |  |  | $ | 725 |
New foreclosed assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 921 |  |  |  | 319 |
Valuation adjustments |  |  | (48 | ) |  |  | (31 | ) |  |  | (48 | ) |  |  | (31 | )
Valuation reductions from sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 157 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 184 |
Direct write-downs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (70 | ) |  |  | — |
Sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | (444 | ) |  |  | (377 | ) |  |  | (673 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | 902 |  |  | $ | 524 |  |  | $ | 902 |  |  | $ | 524 |

Activity in the valuation allowance is as follows:

|  | For the Three Months Ended |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Beginning balance |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 227 |
Additions charged to expense |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 31 |
Reductions from sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | (157 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (184 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 74 |

The were no consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. At September 30, 2023, other foreclosed assets consisted of vehicles repossessed in connection with equipment finance leases. At September 30, 2023, the balance of OREO included no foreclosed residential real estate properties recorded as a result of obtaining physical possession of the property without title.

17

Table of Contents

BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Table amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 6 - BORROWINGS AND SUBORDINATED NOTES

Borrowings and subordinated notes were as follows:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
|  | Contractual |  |  |  |  |  |  | Contractual |  |  |  |  |
|  | Rate |  |  | Amount |  |  | Rate |  |  | Amount |
Fixed-rate advance from FHLB, due September 16, 2024 |  |  | 4.55 | % |  | $ | 5,000 |  |  |  | — | % |  | $ | — |
Fixed-rate advance from FHLB, due March 17, 2025 |  |  | 4.27 | % |  |  | 5,000 |  |  |  | — | % |  |  | — |
Fixed-rate advance from FHLB, due September 17, 2025 |  |  | 4.20 | % |  |  | 5,000 |  |  |  | — | % |  |  | — |
Fixed-rate advance from FHLB, due March 17, 2026 |  |  | 4.15 | % |  |  | 5,000 |  |  |  | — | % |  |  | — |
Fixed-rate advance from FHLB, due September 17, 2026 |  |  | 4.06 | % |  |  | 5,000 |  |  |  | — | % |  |  | — |
Subordinated notes, due May 15, 2031 |  |  | 3.75 | % |  |  | 19,667 |  |  |  | 3.75 | % |  |  | 19,634 |
Line of credit, due March 29, 2024 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6.75 | % |  |  | — |

In 2021, the Company entered into Subordinated Note Purchase Agreements with certain qualified institutional buyers and accredited investors pursuant to which the Company sold and issued $20.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 3.75% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due May 15, 2031 (the “Notes”). The Company incurred $441,000 of issuance costs associated with the Notes. These issuance costs are being amortized over the 10-year life of the Notes. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were $333,000 and $366,000, respectively, in remaining unamortized issuance costs and they are presented in the Company's financial statements as a reduction of the principal amount of the Notes.

The Notes bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 3.75%, from and including the date of issuance to May 14, 2026, payable semi-annually in arrears. From and including May 15, 2026 but excluding the maturity date or early redemption date, as applicable, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to Three-Month Term SOFR (as defined in the Notes) plus 299 basis points, payable quarterly in arrears. Under the conditions specified in the Notes, the interest rate accruing during the applicable floating rate period may be determined based on a rate other than Three-Month Term SOFR. The Notes have a stated maturity date of May 15, 2031 and are redeemable, in whole or in part, on May 15, 2026, on any interest payment date thereafter, and at any time upon the occurrence of certain events.

Principal and interest payments due on the Notes are subject to acceleration only in limited circumstances in the case of certain bankruptcy and insolvency-related events with respect to the Company. The Notes are unsecured, subordinated obligations of the Company and generally rank junior in right of payment to the Company’s current and future senior indebtedness. The Notes qualify as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes.

In 2020, the Company established a $5.0 million unsecured line of credit with a correspondent bank. Interest is payable at a rate of Prime Rate as published in the Wall Street Journal minus 0.50%, with a minimum rate of 2.40%. The line of credit has been extended since its original maturity date and the current maturity date is March 29, 2024. The line of credit had no outstanding balance at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

NOTE 7– FAIR VALUE

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

| • | Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

| • | Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

| • | Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of each type of financial instrument:

Securities: The fair value for investment securities is determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). The fair values of debt securities are generally determined by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2).

18

Table of Contents

BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Table amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 7 - FAIR VALUE (continued)

Loans Evaluated Individually: The Company does not record portfolio loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, periodically, a loan is evaluated individually and is reported at the fair value of the underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. If the collateral value is not sufficient, a specific reserve is recorded. Collateral values are estimated using a combination of observable inputs, including recent appraisals, and unobservable inputs based on customized discounting criteria. Due to the significance of unobservable inputs, fair values of individually evaluated collateral dependent loans have
been classified as Level 3.

Foreclosed assets: Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals which are updated no less frequently than annually. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach with data from comparable properties. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Foreclosed assets are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.

The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets that were accounted for at fair value and are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

|  | Fair Value Measurements Using |  |  |  |  |
|  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  |  | Fair Value |
September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,725 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,725 |
Municipal securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 229 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 229 |
U.S. Treasury Notes |  |  | 123,095 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 123,095 |
U.S. government-sponsored agencies |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27,863 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27,863 |
Mortgage-backed securities – residential |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,480 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,480 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations – residential |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,033 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,033 |
|  | $ | 123,095 |  |  | $ | 35,330 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 158,425 |
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,233 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,233 |
Municipal securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 225 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 225 |
U.S. Treasury Notes |  |  | 163,103 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 163,103 |
U.S. government-sponsored agencies |  |  | — |  |  |  | 39,699 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 39,699 |
Mortgage-backed securities – residential |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,881 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,881 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations – residential |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,197 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,197 |
|  | $ | 163,103 |  |  | $ | 47,235 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 210,338 |

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:

|  | Fair Value Measurement Using |  |  |  |  |
|  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  |  | Fair Value |
September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other real estate owned |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | 468 |
Other foreclosed assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 387 |  |  |  | 387 |

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 there were no individually evaluated loans that were measured using the fair value of the collateral for collateral–dependent loans and which had specific valuation allowances.

19

Table of Contents

BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Table amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 7 - FAIR VALUE (continued)

Foreclosed assets are carried at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell. At September 30, 2023, other real estate owned has a carrying value of $472,000 less a valuation allowance of $4,000, or $468,000, and other foreclosed assets has a carrying value of $431,000 less a valuation allowance of $44,000, or $387,000. At December 31, 2022 there were no foreclosed assets with valuation allowances. There was a $48,000 valuation adjustment of other foreclosed assets recorded in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $31,000 of valuation adjustments of other foreclosed assets recorded for the three and nine and months ended September 30, 2022.

The following table presents quantitative information, based on certain empirical data with respect to Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:

|  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique(s) |  | Significant Unobservable Input(s) |  | Range (Weighted Average) |
September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other real estate owned |  | $ | 468 |  | Sales comparison |  | Discount applied to valuation |  |  | 10.0 | %
Other foreclosed assets |  |  | 387 |  | Sales comparison |  | Discount applied to valuation |  |  | 6.2 | %

In January 2023, we completed the previously disclosed closings of our Hazel Crest and Naperville branch offices. At the time of transfer, we recorded a $553,000 valuation adjustment on bank premises held-for-sale. During the second quarter of 2023, we recorded an additional valuation adjustment of $32,000 on our Hazel Crest branch office based on the purchase price reflected in the pending sale agreement for the facility.

The carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments are as follows:

|  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2023 Using: |  |  |  |  |
|  | Carrying Amount |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 171,561 |  |  | $ | 169,321 |  |  | $ | 2,240 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 171,561 |
Securities |  |  | 158,425 |  |  |  | 123,095 |  |  |  | 35,330 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 158,425 |
Loans receivable, net of allowance for credit losses |  |  | 1,105,604 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,049,622 |  |  |  | 1,049,622 |
FHLB and FRB stock |  |  | 7,490 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | N /A |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 8,343 |  |  |  | 437 |  |  |  | 436 |  |  |  | 7,470 |  |  |  | 8,343 |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 221,164 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 217,933 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 217,933 |
Borrowings |  |  | 25,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,621 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,621 |
Subordinated notes |  |  | 19,667 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,171 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,171 |

|  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Using: |  |  |  |  |
|  | Carrying Amount |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 66,771 |  |  | $ | 65,967 |  |  | $ | 804 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 66,771 |
Securities |  |  | 210,338 |  |  |  | 163,103 |  |  |  | 47,235 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 210,338 |
Loans receivable, net of allowance for credit losses |  |  | 1,226,743 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,198,616 |  |  |  | 1,198,616 |
FHLB and FRB stock |  |  | 7,490 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | N /A |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 7,338 |  |  |  | 514 |  |  |  | 477 |  |  |  | 6,347 |  |  |  | 7,338 |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 186,524 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 182,398 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 182,398 |
Subordinated notes |  |  | 19,634 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,800 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,800 |

Loans: The exit price observations are obtained from an independent third-party using its proprietary valuation model and methodology and may not reflect actual or prospective market valuations. The valuation is based on the probability of default, loss given default, recovery delay, prepayment, and discount rate assumptions.

While the above estimates are based on management’s judgment of the most appropriate factors, as of the balance sheet date, there is no assurance that the estimated fair values would have been realized if the assets were disposed of or the liabilities settled at that date, since market values may differ depending on the various circumstances. The estimated fair values would also not apply to subsequent dates.

In addition, other assets and liabilities that are not financial instruments, such as premises and equipment, are not included in the above disclosures.

20

Table of Contents

BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Table amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

NOTE 8 – REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

All of the Company's revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606 is recognized within noninterest income. The following table presents the Company's sources of noninterest income. Items outside of the scope of the ASC 606 are noted as such.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Deposit service charges and fees |  | $ | 836 |  |  | $ | 829 |  |  | $ | 2,482 |  |  | $ | 2,436 |
Loan servicing fees (1) |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 59 |  |  |  | 368 |  |  |  | 350 |
Trust and insurance commissions and annuities income |  |  | 290 |  |  |  | 287 |  |  |  | 933 |  |  |  | 887 |
Losses on sales of securities (1) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (454 | ) |  |  | — |
Gain on sale of premises and equipment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | — |
Valuation adjustment on bank premises held-for-sale (1) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (585 | ) |  |  | — |
(Loss) earnings on bank-owned life insurance (1) |  |  | (88 | ) |  |  | (14 | ) |  |  | (259 | ) |  |  | 25 |
Bank-owned life insurance death benefit (1) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 446 |
Other (1) |  |  | 104 |  |  |  | 126 |  |  |  | 298 |  |  |  | 426 |
Total noninterest income |  | $ | 1,240 |  |  | $ | 1,287 |  |  | $ | 2,792 |  |  | $ | 4,570 |

(1) Not within the scope of ASC 606

A description of the Company's revenue streams accounted for under ASC 606 follows:

Deposit service charges and fees: The Company earns fees from its deposit customers based on specific types of transactions, account maintenance and overdraft services. Transaction-based fees, which include services such as ATM use fees, stop payment charges, statement rendering, and ACH fees, are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the point in time the Company fulfills the customer's request. Account maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are earned over the course of a month, representing the period over which the Company satisfies the performance obligation. Overdraft fees are recognized at the point in time that the overdraft occurs. Service charges on deposits are withdrawn from the customer's account balance.

Interchange income: The Company earns interchange fees from debit cardholder transactions conducted through the Visa payment network. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder. Interchange income is included in deposit service charges and fees. Interchange income was $332,000 and $351,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Interchange income was $1.0 million and $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Trust and insurance commissions and annuities income: The Company earns trust, insurance commissions and annuities income from its contracts with trust customers to manage assets for investment, and/or to transact on their accounts. These fees are primarily earned over time as the Company provides the contracted monthly or quarterly services and are generally assessed based on a tiered scale of the market value of assets under management (AUM) at month-end. Fees that are transaction based, including trade execution services, are recognized at the point in time that the transaction is executed, i.e., the trade date. Other related services provided include fees the Company earns, which are based on a fixed fee schedule and are recognized when the services are rendered.

Gains/losses on sales of foreclosed assets and other assets: The Company records a gain or loss from the sale of foreclosed assets and other assets when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed. When the Company finances the sale of foreclosed assets to the buyer, the Company assesses whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction price is probable. Once these criteria are met, the foreclosed asset is derecognized and the gain or loss on sale is recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. In determining the gain or loss on the sale, the Company adjusts the transaction price and related gain (loss) on sale if a significant financing component is present. Foreclosed assets sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were not financed by the Company.

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ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information

Forward Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains, and other periodic and current reports, press releases and other public stockholder communications of BankFinancial Corporation may contain, forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements may include statements relating to our future plans, strategies and expectations, as well as our future revenues, expenses, earnings, losses, financial performance, financial condition, asset quality metrics and future prospects. Forward looking statements are generally identifiable by use of the words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “continue,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “preliminary,” “project,” “plan,” or similar expressions. Forward looking statements speak only as of the date made. They are frequently based on assumptions that may or may not materialize, and are subject to numerous uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward looking statements. We intend all forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and are including this statement for the purpose of invoking these safe harbor provisions.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated or projected and which could materially and adversely affect our operating results, financial condition or future prospects include, but are not limited to: (i) the impact of re-pricing and competitors’ pricing initiatives on loan and deposit products; (ii) interest rate movements and their impact on the economy, customer behavior and our net interest margin; (iii) changes in U.S. Government or State government budgets, appropriations or funding allocation policies or practices affecting our credit exposures to U.S. Government or State governments, agencies or related entities, or borrowers dependent on the receipt of Federal or State appropriations, including but not limited to, defense, healthcare, transportation, education and law enforcement programs; (iv) less than anticipated loan and lease growth; (v) effects of the adoption of the Financial Accounting Standards Board's (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 326: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASC 326”) on the Bank’s allowance for credit losses due to the operation of the underlying model; (vi) for any significant credit exposure, borrower-specific adverse developments with respect to the adequacy of cash flows, liquidity or collateral; (vii) the inherent credit risks of lending activities, including risks that could cause changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and charge-offs; (viii) adverse economic conditions in general, or specific events such as a pandemic or national or international war, act of conflict or terrorism, and in the markets in which we lend that could result in increased delinquencies in our loan portfolio or a decline in the value of our investment securities and the collateral for our loans; (ix) declines in real estate values that adversely impact the value of our loan collateral, other real estate owned ("OREO"), asset dispositions and the level of borrower equity in their investments; (x) results of supervisory monitoring or examinations by regulatory authorities, including the possibility that a regulatory authority could, among other things, require us to increase our allowance for credit losses or adversely change our loan classifications, write-down assets, reduce credit concentrations or maintain specific capital levels; (xi) changes, disruptions or illiquidity in national or global financial markets; (xii) monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. Government, including policies of the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Reserve Board; (xiii) factors affecting our ability to retain or access deposits or cost-effective funding, including changes in public confidence, withdrawals of deposits not insured by the FDIC or the availability of other borrowing sources for any reason; (xiv) legislative or regulatory changes that have an adverse impact on our products, services, operations and operating expenses; (xv) higher federal deposit insurance premiums; (xvi) higher than expected overhead, infrastructure and compliance costs; (xvii) changes in accounting principles, policies or guidelines; (xviii) the effects of any federal government shutdown or failure to enact legislation related to the maximum permitted amount of U.S. Government debt obligations; and (xix) privacy and cybersecurity risks, including the risks of business interruption and the compromise of confidential customer information resulting from intrusions.

These risks and uncertainties, together with the Risk Factors and other information set forth in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as well as Part II, Items 1A of our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and other filings we make with the SEC, should be considered in evaluating forward-looking statements and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. Forward looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. We do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement in the future, or to reflect circumstances and events that occur after the date on which the forward-looking statement was made.

Critical Accounting Policies

Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. We believe that the most critical accounting policies upon which our financial condition and results of operations depend, and which involve the most complex subjective decisions or assessments, are included in the discussion entitled “Critical Accounting Policies” in Item 7, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC.

Overview

We reported net income of $2.4 million, or $0.19 per common share, for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. At September 30, 2023, the Company had total assets of $1.505 billion, total loans of $1.106 billion, total deposits of $1.276 billion and stockholders' equity of $153.8 million.

Cash and interest-bearing deposits totaled $171.6 million as of September 30, 2023, compared to $115.3 million as of June 30, 2023, reflecting the liquidity provided by maturing investment securities, repayments from our commercial loan and lease portfolio, and prepayments from our multi-family residential loan portfolio.

Consistent with our short-term liquidity objectives, total net loans decreased by $65.2 million (5.6%) during the quarter ended September 30, 2023. Total commercial loans and leases decreased by $47.8 million primarily due to a $43.4 million decline in equipment finance portfolio balances, a $16.8 million decline in multi-family residential real estate loan balances and a $4.4 million decline in commercial finance loan balances. Our loan to deposit ratio was 87% as of September 30, 2023, compared to 90% as of June 30, 2023.

Yields on loan originations were 9.11% in the third quarter of 2023, compared to 9.24% in the second quarter of 2023, reflecting increased originations of investment-grade commercial equipment finance transactions and lower line utilization in the commercial finance portfolio. Yields on loan repayments and payoffs were 7.86% in the third quarter of 2023, compared to 8.35% in the second quarter of 2023, due to increased repayments of government equipment finance transactions and multi-family residential loans at a weighted average of 4.30%.

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Total deposits were $1.276 billion as of September 30, 2023, a decrease of $27.9 million (2.1%) compared to June 30, 2023. Total FDIC-insured deposits and collateralized public-funds deposits represented 87% of total deposits as of September 30, 2023. The decrease in deposits during the third quarter of 2023 was primarily due to declines in commercial deposit account balances related to healthcare and equipment finance borrowers, seasonal decreases in balances involving collateralized public funds and decreases in family office account balances due to investment activity. Retail deposit portfolio balances were stable; however, due to increases in market interest rates. Certificates of deposit balances increased by $6.5 million as depositors transferred funds from transaction accounts to certificates of deposit.

Net interest income increased by $11,000 during the quarter ended September 30, 2023, as increased interest income on higher balances of short-term investments slightly exceeded the increase in our cost of funds on deposits. Our net interest margin was 3.56% as of September 30, 2023 and June 30, 2023.

Noninterest income remained stable at $1.2 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2023 and June 30, 2023. Loan servicing fees decreased modestly during the third quarter of 2023. Noninterest expense decreased $430,000 during the quarter ended September 30, 2023. Compensation and benefits expense decreased $260,000 compared to the second quarter of 2023 due to changes in workforce composition. Advertising and public relations decreased $91,000 compared to the second quarter of 2023, reflecting lower marketing expenses related to loan originations activities.

The Company’s loans on nonaccrual status were stable as of September 30, 2023. Due to the decline in loan portfolio balances, the ratio of loans on nonaccrual status to total loans increased to 2.11% as of September 30, 2023, compared to 2.05% as of June 30, 2023. Excluding the effect of the two U.S. Government financing transactions that were on nonaccrual status as of September 30, 2023, our ratio of loans on nonaccrual status to total loans as of September 30, 2023 was 0.41%. Our allowance for credit losses decreased to 0.77% of total loans as of September 30, 2023.

The Company’s capital position remained strong, with a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 10.38% as of September 30, 2023. The Company repurchased 53,088 of its common shares during the quarter ended September 30, 2023. The Company’s tangible book value per common share increased to $12.25 per share as of September 30, 2023.

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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following summary information is derived from the consolidated financial statements of the Company. For additional information, reference is made to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

|  | September 30, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |  |  | Change |
|  | (In thousands) |
Selected Financial Condition Data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,505,454 |  |  | $ | 1,575,442 |  |  | $ | (69,988 | )
Loans, net |  |  | 1,105,604 |  |  |  | 1,226,743 |  |  |  | (121,139 | )
Securities, at fair value |  |  | 158,425 |  |  |  | 210,338 |  |  |  | (51,913 | )
Deposits |  |  | 1,275,828 |  |  |  | 1,374,934 |  |  |  | (99,106 | )
Borrowings |  |  | 25,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25,000 |
Subordinated notes, net of unamortized issuance costs |  |  | 19,667 |  |  |  | 19,634 |  |  |  | 33 |
Equity |  |  | 153,755 |  |  |  | 151,671 |  |  |  | 2,084 |

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
|  | (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selected Operating Data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  | $ | 16,894 |  |  | $ | 14,930 |  |  | $ | 1,964 |  |  |  | 13.2 | % |  | $ | 49,232 |  |  | $ | 39,232 |  |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  |  | 25.5 | %
Interest expense |  |  | 3,940 |  |  |  | 1,008 |  |  |  | 2,932 |  |  |  | 290.9 |  |  |  | 9,835 |  |  |  | 2,405 |  |  |  | 7,430 |  |  |  | 308.9 |
Net interest income |  |  | 12,954 |  |  |  | 13,922 |  |  |  | (968 | ) |  |  | (7.0 | ) |  |  | 39,397 |  |  |  | 36,827 |  |  |  | 2,570 |  |  |  | 7.0 |
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses |  |  | 136 |  |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | (214 | ) |  |  | (61.1 | ) |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | 1,085 |  |  |  | (1,089 | ) |  |  | (100.4 | )
Net interest income after provision for (recovery of) credit losses |  |  | 12,818 |  |  |  | 13,572 |  |  |  | (754 | ) |  |  | (5.6 | ) |  |  | 39,401 |  |  |  | 35,742 |  |  |  | 3,659 |  |  |  | 10.2 |
Noninterest income |  |  | 1,240 |  |  |  | 1,287 |  |  |  | (47 | ) |  |  | (3.7 | ) |  |  | 2,792 |  |  |  | 4,570 |  |  |  | (1,778 | ) |  |  | (38.9 | )
Noninterest expense |  |  | 10,790 |  |  |  | 10,601 |  |  |  | 189 |  |  |  | 1.8 |  |  |  | 32,302 |  |  |  | 31,089 |  |  |  | 1,213 |  |  |  | 3.9 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 3,268 |  |  |  | 4,258 |  |  |  | (990 | ) |  |  | (23.3 | ) |  |  | 9,891 |  |  |  | 9,223 |  |  |  | 668 |  |  |  | 7.2 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 899 |  |  |  | 1,037 |  |  |  | (138 | ) |  |  | (13.3 | ) |  |  | 2,577 |  |  |  | 2,167 |  |  |  | 410 |  |  |  | 18.9 |
Net income |  | $ | 2,369 |  |  | $ | 3,221 |  |  | $ | (852 | ) |  |  | -26.5 | % |  | $ | 7,314 |  |  | $ | 7,056 |  |  | $ | 258 |  |  |  | 3.7 | %

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Selected Financial Ratios and Other Data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performance Ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return on assets (ratio of net income to average total assets) (1) |  |  | 0.63 | % |  |  | 0.79 | % |  |  | 0.64 | % |  |  | 0.57 | %
Return on equity (ratio of net income to average equity) (1) |  |  | 6.16 |  |  |  | 8.31 |  |  |  | 6.37 |  |  |  | 6.06 |
Average equity to average assets |  |  | 10.18 |  |  |  | 9.49 |  |  |  | 10.00 |  |  |  | 9.42 |
Net interest rate spread (1) (2) |  |  | 3.16 |  |  |  | 3.42 |  |  |  | 3.27 |  |  |  | 3.03 |
Net interest margin (1) (3) |  |  | 3.56 |  |  |  | 3.52 |  |  |  | 3.59 |  |  |  | 3.11 |
Efficiency ratio (4) |  |  | 76.02 |  |  |  | 69.70 |  |  |  | 76.56 |  |  |  | 75.10 |
Noninterest expense to average total assets (1) |  |  | 2.86 |  |  |  | 2.60 |  |  |  | 2.81 |  |  |  | 2.51 |
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 136.78 |  |  |  | 137.90 |  |  |  | 136.49 |  |  |  | 138.20 |
Dividends declared per share |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | 0.30 |  |  | $ | 0.30 |
Dividend payout ratio |  |  | 53.16 | % |  |  | 40.53 | % |  |  | 51.98 | % |  |  | 55.89 | %

|  | At September 30, 2023 |  |  | At December 31, 2022 |
Asset Quality Ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonperforming assets to total assets (5) |  |  | 2.04 | % |  |  | 0.13 | %
Nonperforming loans to total loans |  |  | 2.67 |  |  |  | 0.13 |
Allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans |  |  | 28.77 |  |  |  | 494.16 |
Allowance for credit losses to total loans |  |  | 0.77 |  |  |  | 0.66 |
Capital Ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity to total assets at end of period |  |  | 10.21 | % |  |  | 9.63 | %
Tier 1 leverage ratio (Bank only) |  |  | 10.93 | % |  |  | 10.31 | %
Other Data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of full-service offices |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 20 |
Employees (full-time equivalents) |  |  | 200 |  |  |  | 203 |

(1) | Ratios annualized.

(2) | The net interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities for the period.

(3) | The net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets for the period.

(4) | The efficiency ratio represents noninterest expense, divided by the sum of net interest income and noninterest income.

(5) | Nonperforming assets include nonperforming loans and foreclosed assets.

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Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022

Total assets decreased $70.0 million, or 4.4%, to $1.505 billion at September 30, 2023, from $1.575 billion at December 31, 2022. The decrease in total assets was primarily due to decreases in securities and loans receivable, partially offset by an increase in cash and cash equivalents. Securities decreased $51.9 million to $158.4 million, due to the sale of $43.1 million of U.S. Treasury Notes, while loans receivable decreased $121.1 million to $1.106 billion. Cash and cash equivalents increased $104.8 million to $171.6 million at September 30, 2023, from $66.8 million at December 31, 2022.

Our loan portfolio consists primarily of investment and business loans (multi-family, nonresidential real estate, and commercial loans and leases), which together totaled 98.2% of gross loans at September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, multi-family loans decreased by $9.1 million, or 1.7% and commercial loans and leases decreased by $105.4 million, or 19.1%. The decrease in multi-family loans was due to $39.0 million of payments and payoffs, partially offset by originations of $29.7 million. The decrease in commercial loans and leases was primarily due to decreases in corporate, government, and middle market leases of $32.7 million, $49.5 million and $19.0 million, respectively, due to payments and payoffs.

Our primary lending area for regulatory purposes consists of the counties in the State of Illinois where our branch offices are located, and contiguous counties. We currently derive the most significant portion of our revenues from these geographic areas. We also engage in multi-family mortgage lending activities in carefully selected metropolitan areas outside our primary lending area, and we engage in certain types of commercial lending and commercial equipment finance activities on a nationwide basis. At September 30, 2023, $313.7 million (59.5%), of our multi-family mortgage loans were in the Chicago, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area; $73.3 million (13.9%), were in Texas; $68.8 million (13.0%), were in Florida and $25.7 million (4.9%), were in North Carolina. This information reflects the location of the collateral for the loan and does not necessarily reflect the location of the borrowers. At September 30, 2023, our concentration within the nonresidential real estate portfolio was retail shopping malls of $49.7 million (42.3%); office buildings of $16.7 million (14.2%); industrial of $16.2 million (13.8%); mixed use buildings of $14.1 million (12.0%); and single tenant commercial properties of $5.1 million (4.3%).

Total liabilities decreased $72.1 million, or 5.1%, to $1.352 billion at September 30, 2023, from $1.424 billion at December 31, 2022, due to a decrease in total deposits, partially offset by an increase in borrowings. Total deposits decreased $99.1 million, or 7.2%, to $1.276 billion at September 30, 2023, from $1.375 billion at December 31, 2022. Interest-bearing NOW accounts decreased $73.5 million, or 18.4%, to $326.9 million at September 30, 2023, from $400.4 million at December 31, 2022. Money market accounts decreased $11.7 million, or 3.9%, to $291.2 million at September 30, 2023, from $302.9 million at December 31, 2022. Savings accounts decreased $26.2 million, or 12.8%, to $178.3 million at September 30, 2023, from $204.5 million at December 31, 2022. Noninterest-bearing demand deposits decreased $22.3 million, or 7.9%, to $258.3 million at September 30, 2023, from $280.6 million at December 31, 2022. Retail certificates of deposit increased $34.4 million, or 18.4%, to $220.9 million at September 30, 2023, from $186.5 million at December 31, 2022. Core deposits (which consists of savings, money market, noninterest-bearing demand and NOW accounts) represented 82.7% of total deposits at September 30, 2023, compared to 86.4% at December 31, 2022.

Total stockholders’ equity was $153.8 million at September 30, 2023, compared to $151.7 million at December 31, 2022. The increase in total stockholders’ equity was primarily due to net income of $7.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and a $2.0 million increase, net of tax, of accumulated other comprehensive loss on our securities portfolio, partially offset by our repurchase of 195,207 shares of our common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 at a total cost of $1.7 million, our declaration and payment of cash dividends totaling $3.8 million during the same period, and the one-time recording of a cumulative effect of change in accounting principle with the adoption of ASC 326 of $1.7 million on January 1, 2023.

Operating Results for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Net Income. Net income was $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Earnings per basic and fully diluted share of common stock were $0.19 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $0.25 for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income was $13.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and $13.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Net interest income decreased $968,000, primarily due to a $2.9 million increase in interest expense.

The decrease in net interest income was due in substantial part to an increase in the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 113 basis points to 1.48% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from 0.35% for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The yield on interest-earning assets increased 87 basis points to 4.64% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from 3.77% for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Total average interest-earning assets decreased $126.9 million, or 8.1%, to $1.444 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $1.571 billion for the same period in 2022. Total average interest-bearing liabilities decreased $83.5 million, or 7.3%, to $1.056 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $1.139 billion for the same period in 2022. The decrease in interest-bearing liabilities is partially attributable to the decrease in deposits of $108.5 million, partially offset by the increase in FHLB advances in the first quarter of 2023. Our net interest rate spread decreased by 26 basis points to 3.16% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from 3.42% for the same period in 2022, due primarily to an increase in the cost of deposits. Our net interest margin increased by four basis points to 3.56% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from 3.52% for the same period in 2022.

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Average Balance Sheets

The following table sets forth average balance sheets, average yields and costs, and certain other information. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments were made, as the effect of these adjustments would not be material. Average balances are daily average balances. Nonaccrual loans are included in the computation of average balances, but have been reflected in the table as loans carrying a zero yield. The yields set forth below include the effect of deferred fees and expenses and discounts and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or expense, however, the Company believes that the effect of these inclusions is not material.

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
|  | Average Outstanding Balance |  |  | Interest |  |  | Yield/Rate (1) |  |  | Average Outstanding Balance |  |  | Interest |  |  | Yield/Rate (1) |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |
Interest-earning Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans |  | $ | 1,141,788 |  |  | $ | 14,276 |  |  |  | 4.96 | % |  | $ | 1,147,154 |  |  | $ | 12,735 |  |  |  | 4.40 | %
Securities |  |  | 170,806 |  |  |  | 808 |  |  |  | 1.88 |  |  |  | 187,163 |  |  |  | 821 |  |  |  | 1.74 |
Stock in FHLB and FRB |  |  | 7,490 |  |  |  | 114 |  |  |  | 6.04 |  |  |  | 7,490 |  |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 4.66 |
Other |  |  | 124,175 |  |  |  | 1,696 |  |  |  | 5.42 |  |  |  | 229,381 |  |  |  | 1,286 |  |  |  | 2.22 |
Total interest-earning assets |  |  | 1,444,259 |  |  |  | 16,894 |  |  |  | 4.64 |  |  |  | 1,571,188 |  |  |  | 14,930 |  |  |  | 3.77 |
Noninterest-earning assets |  |  | 67,163 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 61,587 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,511,422 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,632,775 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings deposits |  | $ | 183,632 |  |  |  | 82 |  |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 206,840 |  |  |  | 59 |  |  |  | 0.11 |
Money market accounts |  |  | 277,087 |  |  |  | 1,272 |  |  |  | 1.82 |  |  |  | 324,032 |  |  |  | 256 |  |  |  | 0.31 |
NOW accounts |  |  | 333,275 |  |  |  | 582 |  |  |  | 0.69 |  |  |  | 398,177 |  |  |  | 285 |  |  |  | 0.28 |
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 217,218 |  |  |  | 1,534 |  |  |  | 2.80 |  |  |  | 190,702 |  |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 0.43 |
Total deposits |  |  | 1,011,212 |  |  |  | 3,470 |  |  |  | 1.36 |  |  |  | 1,119,751 |  |  |  | 809 |  |  |  | 0.29 |
Borrowings and Subordinated notes |  |  | 44,662 |  |  |  | 470 |  |  |  | 4.18 |  |  |  | 19,617 |  |  |  | 199 |  |  |  | 4.02 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 1,055,874 |  |  |  | 3,940 |  |  |  | 1.48 |  |  |  | 1,139,368 |  |  |  | 1,008 |  |  |  | 0.35 |
Noninterest-bearing deposits |  |  | 272,266 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 309,990 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 29,486 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 28,417 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities |  |  | 1,357,626 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,477,775 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity |  |  | 153,796 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 155,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 1,511,422 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,632,775 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,954 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,922 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest rate spread (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.16 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.42 | %
Net interest-earning assets (3) |  | $ | 388,385 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 431,820 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest margin (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.56 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.52 | %
Ratio of interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 136.78 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 137.90 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Annualized.

(2) | Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities.

(3) | Net interest-earning assets represents total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.

(4) | Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

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Allowance and Provision for Credit Losses

The ACL is a significant estimate in our unaudited consolidated financial statements, affecting both earnings and capital. The methodology adopted influences, and is influenced by, the Bank’s overall credit risk management processes. The ACL is recorded in accordance with US GAAP to provide an adequate reserve for expected credit losses that is reflective of management’s best estimate of what is expected to be collected. All estimates of credit losses should be based on careful consideration of all significant factors affecting the collectability as of the evaluation date. The ACL is established through the provision for credit loss expense charged to income.

The provision for credit losses – loans for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $180,000, compared to the provision for credit losses – loans of $350,000 for the corresponding three-month period in 2022. The provision for credit losses – loans varies based on, among other things, forecasted unemployment rates, loan growth, net charge-offs, collateral values associated with collateral dependent loans and qualitative factors.

There were no reserves established for loans individually evaluated at September 30, 2023 or June 30, 2023. Net charge-offs were $847,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to net charge-offs of $166,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

The allowance for credit losses as a percentage of nonperforming loans was 28.77% at September 30, 2023, compared to 38.19% at June 30, 2023. Excluding the effect of the two U.S. Government financing transactions on nonaccrual status as of September 30, 2023, the allowance for credit losses as a percentage of nonperforming loans was 78.78% at September 30, 2023.

Noninterest Income

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |
Deposit service charges and fees |  | $ | 836 |  |  | $ | 829 |  |  | $ | 7 |
Loan servicing fees |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 59 |  |  |  | 39 |
Trust and insurance commissions and annuities income |  |  | 290 |  |  |  | 287 |  |  |  | 3 |
Loss on bank-owned life insurance |  |  | (88 | ) |  |  | (14 | ) |  |  | (74 | )
Other |  |  | 104 |  |  |  | 126 |  |  |  | (22 | )
Total noninterest income |  | $ | 1,240 |  |  | $ | 1,287 |  |  | $ | (47 | )

Noninterest income decreased $47,000, or 3.7%, to $1.2 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $1.3 million for the same period in 2022. Loan servicing fees include $52,000 of non-use fees for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $2,000 for the same period in 2022.

Noninterest Expense

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |
Compensation and benefits |  | $ | 5,369 |  |  | $ | 5,241 |  |  | $ | 128 |
Office occupancy and equipment |  |  | 2,046 |  |  |  | 1,970 |  |  |  | 76 |
Advertising and public relations |  |  | 171 |  |  |  | 138 |  |  |  | 33 |
Information technology |  |  | 944 |  |  |  | 894 |  |  |  | 50 |
Professional fees |  |  | 366 |  |  |  | 245 |  |  |  | 121 |
Supplies, telephone and postage |  |  | 311 |  |  |  | 342 |  |  |  | (31 | )
FDIC insurance premiums |  |  | 222 |  |  |  | 134 |  |  |  | 88 |
Other |  |  | 1,361 |  |  |  | 1,637 |  |  |  | (276 | )
Total noninterest expense |  | $ | 10,790 |  |  | $ | 10,601 |  |  | $ | 189 |

Noninterest expense increased $189,000, or 1.8%, to $10.8 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $10.6 million for the same period in 2022, primarily due to increases in compensation and benefits, office occupancy and equipment, professional fees, and increased FDIC insurance premiums. Compensation and benefits expense increased $128,000, or 2.4% to $5.4 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $5.2 million for the same period in 2022, primarily due to decreased loan originations in 2023 and lower compensation costs being deferred as loan origination costs. Office occupancy and equipment increased $76,000, or 3.9%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to increases in utilities, building maintenance and real estate taxes. Professional fees increased $121,000, or 49.4%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to increases in audit and accounting services and personnel recruitment fees. FDIC insurance premiums increased $88,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 due to higher deposit insurance rates assessed to all insured depository institutions. Other expense decreased $276,000, or 16.9%, to $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $1.6 million for the same period in 2022. In the third quarter of 2022, we recorded a $750,000 loss reserve related to a probable fraud involving a single commercial customer. The decrease in other expense was partially offset by increased legal fees related to nonperforming loans and write-downs and valuation adjustments recorded on OREO and other foreclosed assets.

Income Taxes

We recorded income tax expense of $899,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Our combined state and federal effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was 27.5%, compared to 24.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The tax rate for 2022 was favorably impacted by adjustments to the prior year tax returns.

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Operating Results for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Net Income. Net income was $7.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $7.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Earnings per basic and fully diluted share of common stock were $0.58 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $0.54 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income was $39.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $36.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Net interest income increased $2.6 million, primarily due to a $10.0 million increase in interest income.

The increase in net interest income was due in substantial part to the increase in the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets. The yield on interest-earning assets increased 118 basis points to 4.49% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from 3.31% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 94 basis points to 1.22% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from 0.28% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Total average interest-earning assets decreased $118.6 million, or 7.5%, to $1.466 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $1.584 billion for the same period in 2022. Total average interest-bearing liabilities decreased $72.6 million, or 6.3%, to $1.074 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $1.146 billion for the same period in 2022. The decrease in interest-bearing liabilities was partially attributable to a decrease in deposits of $91.9 million, partially offset by an increase in FHLB advances in the first quarter of 2023. Our net interest rate spread increased by 24 basis points to 3.27% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from 3.03% for the same period in 2022, due primarily to an increase in the yield on loans receivable, securities and interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions. Our net interest margin increased by 48 basis points to 3.59% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from 3.11% for the same period in 2022, due to an increase in the yield on interest-earning assets.

Average Balance Sheets

The following table sets forth average balance sheets, average yields and costs, and certain other information. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments were made, as the effect of these adjustments would not be material. Average balances are daily average balances. Nonaccrual loans are included in the computation of average balances, but have been reflected in the table as loans carrying a zero yield. The yields set forth below include the effect of deferred fees and expenses and discounts and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or expense, however, the Company believes that the effect of these inclusions is not material.

|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
|  | Average Outstanding Balance |  |  | Interest |  |  | Yield/Rate (1) |  |  | Average Outstanding Balance |  |  | Interest |  |  | Yield/Rate (1) |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |
Interest-earning Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans |  | $ | 1,190,893 |  |  | $ | 43,014 |  |  |  | 4.83 | % |  | $ | 1,098,296 |  |  | $ | 35,231 |  |  |  | 4.29 | %
Securities |  |  | 186,248 |  |  |  | 2,763 |  |  |  | 1.98 |  |  |  | 148,635 |  |  |  | 1,552 |  |  |  | 1.40 |
Stock in FHLB and FRB |  |  | 7,490 |  |  |  | 306 |  |  |  | 5.46 |  |  |  | 7,490 |  |  |  | 259 |  |  |  | 4.62 |
Other |  |  | 81,145 |  |  |  | 3,149 |  |  |  | 5.19 |  |  |  | 329,963 |  |  |  | 2,190 |  |  |  | 0.89 |
Total interest-earning assets |  |  | 1,465,776 |  |  |  | 49,232 |  |  |  | 4.49 |  |  |  | 1,584,384 |  |  |  | 39,232 |  |  |  | 3.31 |
Noninterest-earning assets |  |  | 64,456 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 64,739 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,530,232 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,649,123 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings deposits |  | $ | 194,123 |  |  |  | 259 |  |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 206,140 |  |  |  | 134 |  |  |  | 0.09 |
Money market accounts |  |  | 278,898 |  |  |  | 3,016 |  |  |  | 1.45 |  |  |  | 328,319 |  |  |  | 529 |  |  |  | 0.22 |
NOW accounts |  |  | 357,035 |  |  |  | 1,881 |  |  |  | 0.70 |  |  |  | 393,036 |  |  |  | 619 |  |  |  | 0.21 |
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 202,594 |  |  |  | 3,375 |  |  |  | 2.23 |  |  |  | 197,013 |  |  |  | 527 |  |  |  | 0.36 |
Total deposits |  |  | 1,032,650 |  |  |  | 8,531 |  |  |  | 1.10 |  |  |  | 1,124,508 |  |  |  | 1,809 |  |  |  | 0.22 |
Borrowings and Subordinated notes |  |  | 41,241 |  |  |  | 1,304 |  |  |  | 4.23 |  |  |  | 21,950 |  |  |  | 596 |  |  |  | 3.63 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 1,073,891 |  |  |  | 9,835 |  |  |  | 1.22 |  |  |  | 1,146,458 |  |  |  | 2,405 |  |  |  | 0.28 |
Noninterest-bearing deposits |  |  | 276,080 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 322,741 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 27,279 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24,553 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities |  |  | 1,377,250 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,493,752 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity |  |  | 152,982 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 155,371 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 1,530,232 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,649,123 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 39,397 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 36,827 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest rate spread (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.27 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.03 | %
Net interest-earning assets (3) |  | $ | 391,885 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 437,926 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest margin (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.59 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.11 | %
Ratio of interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 136.49 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 138.20 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Annualized.

(2) | Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities.

(3) | Net interest-earning assets represents total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.

(4) | Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

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Allowance and Provision for Credit Losses

The provision for credit losses – loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $85,000, compared to a provision for credit losses – loans of $1.1 million for the corresponding period in 2022. The Company adopted ASC 326 on January 1, 2023, and recorded a one-time increase of $1.9 million for the change in accounting principle with the adoption. The provision for credit losses – loans varies based on, among other things, forecasted unemployment rates, loan growth, net charge-offs, collateral values associated with collateral dependent loans and qualitative factors.

There were no reserves established for loans individually evaluated at September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022. Net charge-offs were $1.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to net charge-offs of $414,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

The allowance for credit losses as a percentage of nonperforming loans was 28.77% at September 30, 2023, compared to 494.16% at December 31, 2022. Excluding the effect of the two U.S. Government financing transactions on nonaccrual status as of September 30, 2023, the allowance for credit losses as a percentage of nonperforming loans was 78.78% at September 30, 2023.

Noninterest Income

|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |
Deposit service charges and fees |  | $ | 2,482 |  |  | $ | 2,436 |  |  | $ | 46 |
Loan servicing fees |  |  | 368 |  |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | 18 |
Trust and insurance commissions and annuities income |  |  | 933 |  |  |  | 887 |  |  |  | 46 |
Losses on sales of securities |  |  | (454 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (454 | )
Gain on sale of premises and equipment |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9 |
Valuation adjustment on bank premises held-for-sale |  |  | (585 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (585 | )
(Loss) earnings on bank-owned life insurance |  |  | (259 | ) |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | (284 | )
Bank-owned life insurance death benefit |  |  | — |  |  |  | 446 |  |  |  | (446 | )
Other |  |  | 298 |  |  |  | 426 |  |  |  | (128 | )
Total noninterest income |  | $ | 2,792 |  |  | $ | 4,570 |  |  | $ | (1,778 | )

Noninterest income decreased $1.8 million, or 38.9%, to $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $4.6 million for the same period in 2022, due to the sales of investment securities at a loss to improve liquidity and valuation adjustments that we recorded on two retail branches that we closed in January 2023 to improve operating efficiency. We recorded $454,000 of losses on sales of securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and also recorded valuation adjustments of $585,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, upon the transfer of two of our retail branches to premises held-for sale and when we recorded an additional valuation adjustment of $32,000 on our Hazel Crest office based on the purchase price specified in the pending sale agreement for the facility. During the second quarter of 2022, the Bank recorded noninterest income from a death benefit on a bank-owned life insurance policy in the amount of $446,000 as a result of the death of a former Bank officer. Other noninterest income 2022 included the receipt of a $97,000 final distribution from an investment in a real estate partnership.

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Table of Contents

Noninterest Expense

|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |
Compensation and benefits |  | $ | 16,553 |  |  | $ | 16,210 |  |  | $ | 343 |
Office occupancy and equipment |  |  | 6,115 |  |  |  | 6,037 |  |  |  | 78 |
Advertising and public relations |  |  | 623 |  |  |  | 488 |  |  |  | 135 |
Information technology |  |  | 2,758 |  |  |  | 2,640 |  |  |  | 118 |
Professional fees |  |  | 1,038 |  |  |  | 1,030 |  |  |  | 8 |
Supplies, telephone and postage |  |  | 965 |  |  |  | 1,051 |  |  |  | (86 | )
FDIC insurance premiums |  |  | 658 |  |  |  | 356 |  |  |  | 302 |
Other |  |  | 3,592 |  |  |  | 3,277 |  |  |  | 315 |
Total noninterest expense |  | $ | 32,302 |  |  | $ | 31,089 |  |  | $ | 1,213 |

Noninterest expense increased $1.2 million, or 3.9%, to $32.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $31.1 million for the same period in 2022, primarily due to increases in compensation and benefits, advertising and public relations, information technology, increased FDIC insurance premiums, and other expenses. Compensation and benefits increased $343,000, or 2.1% to $16.6 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $16.2 million for the same period in 2022 due to decreased loan originations in 2023 and lower compensation costs being deferred as loan origination costs, offset by a decrease in compensation. FDIC insurance premiums increased $302,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to higher deposit insurance rates assessed on all insured depository institutions. Other expense increased $315,000, or 9.6%, to $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $3.3 million for the same period in 2022, due to increased legal fees for nonperforming loans and write-downs and valuation adjustments recorded on OREO and other foreclosed assets.

Income Taxes

We recorded income tax expense of $2.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Our combined state and federal effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 26.1%, compared to 23.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Criticized and Classified Assets

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, including current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. Risk ratings are updated any time the situation warrants. The following table sets forth the criticized and classified loans:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  |  | June 30, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |  |  | Quarter Change |  |  | Nine-Month Change |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |
Criticized - Special Mention: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential real estate |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (4 | )
Multi-family mortgage |  |  | 1,335 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,335 |  |  |  | 1,335 |
Commercial loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset-based and factored receivables |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 873 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (873 | )
Equipment finance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate - Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,143 |  |  |  | 644 |  |  |  | (2,143 | ) |  |  | (644 | )
Consumer |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (1 | )
|  | $ | 1,338 |  |  | $ | 2,148 |  |  | $ | 1,525 |  |  | $ | (810 | ) |  | $ | (187 | )
Classified - Performing Substandard: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential real estate |  | $ | 282 |  |  | $ | 272 |  |  | $ | 327 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | (45 | )
Commercial loans and leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset-based and factored receivables |  |  | 3,515 |  |  |  | 3,726 |  |  |  | 3,815 |  |  |  | (211 | ) |  |  | (300 | )
Equipment finance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 52 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (52 | )
Corporate - Investment-rated |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 130 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (130 | )
Corporate - Other |  |  | 2,170 |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 2,137 |  |  |  | 2,126 |
Consumer |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (1 | )
|  | $ | 5,970 |  |  | $ | 4,036 |  |  | $ | 4,372 |  |  | $ | 1,934 |  |  | $ | 1,598 |

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Table of Contents

Nonperforming Loans and Assets

We review loans on a regular basis, and generally place loans on nonaccrual status when either principal or interest is 90 days or more past due. In addition, we place loans on nonaccrual status when we do not expect to receive full payment of interest or principal. Interest accrued and unpaid at the time a loan is placed on nonaccrual status is reversed from interest income. Interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are recognized in accordance with our significant accounting policies. Once a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, the borrower must generally demonstrate at least six consecutive months of contractual payment performance before the loan is eligible to return to accrual status. We may have loans classified as 90 days or more delinquent and still accruing. Generally, we do not utilize this category of loan classification unless: (1) the loan is repaid in full shortly after the period end date; (2) the loan is well secured and there are no asserted or pending legal barriers to its collection; or (3) the borrower has remitted all scheduled payments and is otherwise in substantial compliance with the terms of the loan, but the processing of loan payments actually received or the renewal of the loan has not occurred for administrative reasons. At September 30, 2023, we have two equipment finance transactions in this category.

The following table sets forth the amounts and categories of our nonperforming loans and nonperforming assets:

|  | September 30, 2023 |  |  | June 30, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |  |  | Quarter Change |  |  | Nine-Month Change |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |
Nonaccrual loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One-to-four family residential real estate |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | (52 | )
Multi-family mortgage |  |  | — |  |  |  | 148 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (148 | ) |  |  | — |
Commercial loans and leases - Equipment finance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government |  |  | 18,889 |  |  |  | 18,889 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,889 |
Corporate - Investment-rated |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (26 | ) |  |  | 67 |
Corporate - Other |  |  | 1,588 |  |  |  | 1,416 |  |  |  | 331 |  |  |  | 172 |  |  |  | 1,257 |
Middle market |  |  | 2,676 |  |  |  | 3,358 |  |  |  | 891 |  |  |  | (682 | ) |  |  | 1,785 |
Small ticket |  |  | 248 |  |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 160 |
Consumer |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5 | )
|  |  | 23,508 |  |  |  | 24,158 |  |  |  | 1,407 |  |  |  | (650 | ) |  |  | 22,101 |
Loans past due over 90 days, still accruing |  |  | 6,245 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 238 |  |  |  | 6,245 |  |  |  | 6,007 |
Nonperforming loans |  |  | 29,753 |  |  |  | 24,158 |  |  |  | 1,645 |  |  |  | 5,595 |  |  |  | 28,108 |
Foreclosed assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other real estate owned |  |  | 468 |  |  |  | 472 |  |  |  | 472 |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
Other foreclosed assets |  |  | 434 |  |  |  | 478 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | (44 | ) |  |  | 430 |
|  |  | 902 |  |  |  | 950 |  |  |  | 476 |  |  |  | (48 | ) |  |  | 426 |
Total nonperforming assets |  | $ | 30,655 |  |  | $ | 25,108 |  |  | $ | 2,121 |  |  | $ | 5,547 |  |  | $ | 28,534 |
Ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses to total loans |  |  | 0.77 | % |  |  | 0.78 | % |  |  | 0.66 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans |  |  | 28.77 |  |  |  | 38.19 |  |  |  | 494.16 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonperforming loans to total loans |  |  | 2.67 |  |  |  | 2.05 |  |  |  | 0.13 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonperforming assets to total assets |  |  | 2.04 |  |  |  | 1.64 |  |  |  | 0.13 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonaccrual loans to total loans |  |  | 2.11 |  |  |  | 2.05 |  |  |  | 0.11 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonaccrual loans to total assets |  |  | 1.56 |  |  |  | 1.58 |  |  |  | 0.09 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Nonperforming Assets

Nonperforming assets increased $5.5 million to $30.7 million at September 30, 2023, from $25.1 million at June 30, 2023, due to two transactions with a total exposure of $6.2 million that remained on accrual status due to the probability of collection but were past due 90 days or longer. The Company’s ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets increased to 2.04% as of September 30, 2023, compared to 1.64% as of June 30, 2023 and 0.13% as of December 31, 2022.

Government Equipment Finance – Failure to Receive Timely Payment. With respect to the two U.S. government Equipment Finance transactions that we placed on nonaccrual status during 2023 in the aggregate amount of $18.9 million, we prepared common-interest agreements and sponsorship agreements between the prime contractor, the servicer and us to enable the filing of the appropriate claims under the federal Contract Disputes Act. In addition, we prepared initial claim documents to be filed with the U.S. government contracting officers for each financing transaction. Further factual and legal research conducted during the third quarter of 2023 identified additional contractual and equitable claim theories applicable to both transactions. Subject to the cooperation of the prime contractor in each case, we expect to file all claims during the fourth quarter of 2023. Under the federal Contract Disputes Act, the U.S. government has up to 120 days to respond to the filings, and thereafter, the claims can be filed with the Federal Court of Claims. During the third quarter of 2023, we incurred $238,000 in professional fee expenses related to these claim preparation activities.

Commercial Equipment Finance – Bankruptcy Case. In April 2023, we received a Chapter 11 bankruptcy petition involving an equipment finance borrower to which we have a $3.2 million total exposure. The borrower was a 71-year old privately-held company engaged in civil infrastructure construction. The borrower was acquired by a private equity firm in December 2021. The equipment finance transactions are secured by two tunnel excavation machines that are used in the construction of municipal water and sewer projects.

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Pursuant to its bankruptcy petition, the borrower disclosed that it encountered significant difficulties with two large civil infrastructure construction projects with a municipality in 2022, and in March 2023, the borrower’s performance bond insurer issued a “stop payment” notice to the municipality and asserted its rights to any payments due under the contracts. In response, the borrower’s primary commercial bank lender with a $12 million credit exposure issued a notice of default, and exercised certain remedies under its credit agreements, including a setoff of the borrower’s bank accounts. The municipality has also asserted defenses to payment and claims against the borrower. In September 2023, the bankruptcy court approved a conversion of the Chapter 11 reorganization petition to a Chapter 7 liquidation case. In October 2023, the bankruptcy court granted approval to take possession of the underlying collateral. The collateral is insured at its current location and we expect to commence the marketing of the collateral via a nationally-recognized equipment marketing firm. We recorded a charge-off of $700,000 as of September 30, 2023 in consultation with the asset marketing firm based on current market conditions, including the recent closure of the service/support facility for one of the tunnel excavation machines, which may reduce demand for the equipment in an accelerated sale process. We also incurred $41,000 in professional fee expenses during the third quarter to protect our interests in the bankruptcy case and prepare for the marketing of the collateral.

In April 2022, the borrower filed suit against the Bank alleging that the Bank did not lend the full amount due to it in the equipment financing transactions and related documents. As the representative of the borrower’s bankruptcy estate, the Chapter 7 Trustee is now evaluating whether to continue pursuit of the suit or abandon it based on the Trustee’s assessment of any potential benefit to the bankruptcy estate. Based on all the facts and circumstances as of September 30, 2023, we continue to believe we have meritorious defenses to the complaint.

Commercial Equipment Finance – Fraudulent Borrower Activity. In June 2023, we received notice of the appointment of a receiver for an equipment finance borrower with a total exposure of $786,000. The borrower’s primary commercial bank lender with a $30 million credit exposure also indicated to us that the borrower’s audited financial statements may have been fraudulent. The borrower also has approximately $10 million of obligations to six equipment financing lenders, inclusive of our $786,000 exposure. An equipment leasing firm informed us that the borrower apparently was selling some leased equipment but not remitting the proceeds of the sale to the respective lessors; however, this information has not been confirmed. On June 21, 2023, the principal owner of the borrower committed suicide. In July 2023, the borrower filed a Chapter 7 bankruptcy petition.

The bankruptcy Trustee receiver is cooperating with us to trace the location of the Bank’s collateral, and any proceeds arising from the use or sale of our collateral. Two of the five collateral units have been located and tracing activities continue with respect to the remaining three units. However, it is possible that the borrower’s reported fraudulent activities may result in a failure to locate the collateral or an inability to enforce our first perfected security interest in the collateral. We will continue to assess the progress of the collateral identification process to determine to what extent the borrower’s fraudulent activity may require adjustments to current estimates of collateral value and expected cash proceeds, including the availability of any possible insurance proceeds relating to fraudulent borrower activity.

Past Due 90 Day – Accrual Status Exposures

We originated a $4.1 million equipment finance transaction to a state government in March 2023. The transaction requires monthly payments in the amount of $108,000 for a 40 month fully-amortizing term to maturity. The first payment due under the transaction was scheduled for July 2023. Due to errors by the prime contractor in the submission of the initial invoices to the state government payment office, processing of the first three monthly invoices was delayed. During the third quarter of 2023, we confirmed that the delay in payments was solely due to administrative processing and determined that the credit exposure should remain on accrual status. We received all payments due as of September 30, 2023 in October 2023.

We originated a $2.1 million equipment finance transaction to a prime contractor of the U.S. Government in 2021. The prime contractor provides certain software to a department of the U.S. Government. The transaction documents provide that the prime contractor is responsible for payment in all circumstances other than a non-appropriation of funds by the U.S. Congress. The contractor received all appropriated funds through fiscal year 2023 and no notice of non-appropriations was issued by the contractor as required by the original transaction documents. The contractor delayed remittance of the amounts owed to the servicer and to us in an attempt to negotiate new terms and conditions favorable to the contractor for the payments due in 2023 and 2024. The amount due to us in 2023 is $763,000 with a final payment in the amount of $1.5 million due to us in 2024.

The servicer and we objected to the contractor’s position and in September 2023, the contractor acknowledged that all past due payments would be remitted without any changes to the original transaction documents. In late September 2023, the contractor submitted new transaction documents which included provisions contrary to the original 2020 documents and its previous representations. In October 2023, the servicer and we submitted revised transaction documents consistent with the original documents, but including the changes sought by the contractor relating to changes in applicable federal acquisition regulatory provisions subsequent to 2020. Given the sufficiency of appropriations and the contractor's receipt of funds from the U.S. Government, we determined that the transaction should remain on accrual status. During the remainder of the fourth quarter of 2023, the servicer and we will evaluate any response the contractor elects to make to our proposed revised transaction documents.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity. The overall objective of our liquidity management is to ensure the availability of sufficient cash funds to meet all financial commitments and to take advantage of investment opportunities. We manage liquidity in order to meet deposit withdrawals on demand or at contractual maturity, to repay borrowings as they mature, and to fund new loans and investments as opportunities arise.

Our primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities, and, to a lesser extent, wholesale borrowings, the proceeds from maturing securities and short-term investments, the sales of loans and securities and lease payments. The scheduled amortization of loans and securities, as well as proceeds from borrowings, are predictable sources of funds. Other funding sources, however, such as deposit inflows, mortgage prepayments and mortgage loan sales are greatly influenced by market interest rates, economic conditions and competition. We anticipate that we will have sufficient funds available to meet current loan commitments and lines of credit and maturing certificates of deposit that are not renewed or extended. We generally remain fully invested and utilize FHLB advances as an additional source of funds. We had $25.0 million of FHLB advances outstanding at September 30, 2023 and none at December 31, 2022, respectively.

The Company is a separate legal entity from BankFinancial, NA. The Company must provide for its own liquidity to pay any dividends to its stockholders and to repurchase shares of its common stock, and for other corporate purposes. The Company's primary source of liquidity is dividend payments it receives from the Bank. The Bank's ability to pay dividends to the Company is subject to regulatory limitations. The Company completed the issuance of $20.0 million of subordinated notes in 2021, at a rate of 3.75% maturing on May 15, 2031. At September 30, 2023, the Company (on an unconsolidated, stand-alone basis) had liquid assets of $10.8 million. In 2020, the Company obtained a $5.0 million unsecured line of credit with a correspondent bank to provide a secondary source of liquidity. Interest is payable at a rate of the Prime rate minus 0.50%. The line of credit has been extended since its original maturity date and the current maturity date is March 29, 2024. The line of credit had no outstanding balance at September 30, 2023.

As of September 30, 2023, we were not aware of any known trends, events or uncertainties that had or were reasonably likely to have a material adverse impact on our liquidity. As of September 30, 2023, we had no other material commitments for capital expenditures.

Capital Management - Bank. The overall objectives of our capital management are to ensure the availability of sufficient capital to support loan, deposit and other asset and liability growth opportunities and to maintain sufficient capital to absorb unforeseen losses or write-downs that are inherent in the business risks associated with the banking industry. We seek to balance the need for higher capital levels to address such unforeseen risks and the goal to achieve an adequate return on the capital invested by our stockholders.

The Bank is subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. The capital adequacy guidelines and prompt corrective action regulation, involve the quantitative measurement of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. The failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in regulatory actions. The net unrealized gain or loss on available-for-sale securities is not included in computing regulatory capital.

The federal banking agencies have developed a “Community Bank Leverage Ratio” (the ratio of a bank’s tangible equity capital to average total consolidated assets) for financial institutions with assets of less than $10 billion. A “qualifying community bank” that exceeds this ratio will be deemed to be in compliance with all other capital and leverage requirements, including the capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” under Prompt Corrective Action statutes. The federal banking agencies may consider a financial institution’s risk profile when evaluating whether it qualifies as a community bank for purposes of the capital ratio requirement. The federal banking agencies must set the minimum capital for the new Community Bank Leverage Ratio at not less than 8% and not more than 10%. A banking organization that had a leverage ratio of 9% or greater and met certain other criteria could elect to use the Community Bank Leverage Ratio framework. A financial institution can elect to be subject to this new definition, and opt-out of this new definition, at any time. As a qualifying community bank, we elected to be subject to this definition beginning in the second quarter of 2020. As of September 30, 2023, the Bank's Community Bank Leverage Ratio was 10.93%.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well-capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If only adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required.

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The Company and the Bank have each adopted Regulatory Capital Policies that target a Tier 1 leverage ratio of at least 7.5% and a total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10.5% at the Bank. The minimum capital ratios set forth in the Regulatory Capital Policies will be increased and other minimum capital requirements will be established if and as necessary. In accordance with the Regulatory Capital Policies, the Bank will not pursue any acquisition or growth opportunity, declare any dividend or conduct any stock repurchase that would cause the Bank's total risk-based capital ratio and/or its Tier 1 leverage ratio to fall below the targeted minimum capital levels or the capital levels required for capital adequacy plus the capital conservation buffer (“CCB”). The minimum CCB is 2.5%. As of September 30, 2023 the Bank was well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events that management believes have changed the Bank’s prompt corrective action capitalization category.

The Bank is subject to regulatory restrictions on the amount of dividends it may declare and pay to the Company without prior regulatory approval, and to regulatory notification requirements for dividends that do not require prior regulatory approval.

Actual and required capital amounts and ratios for the Bank were:

|  | Actual |  |  | Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes |
|  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |
September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Community Bank Leverage Ratio |  | $ | 164,172 |  |  |  | 10.93 | % |  | $ | 135,215 |  |  |  | 9.00 | %
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Community Bank Leverage Ratio |  | $ | 165,252 |  |  |  | 10.31 | % |  | $ | 144,288 |  |  |  | 9.00 | %

Quarterly Cash Dividends. The Company declared cash dividends of $0.30 per share for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

Qualitative Analysis. A significant form of market risk is interest rate risk. Interest rate risk results from timing differences in the maturity or repricing of our assets, liabilities and off balance sheet contracts (i.e., forward loan commitments), the effect of loan prepayments and deposit withdrawals, the difference in the behavior of lending and funding rates arising from the use of different indices and “yield curve risk” arising from changing rate relationships across the spectrum of maturities for constant or variable credit risk investments. In addition to directly affecting net interest income, changes in market interest rates can also affect the amount of new loan originations, the ability of borrowers to repay variable rate loans, the volume of loan prepayments and refinancings, the carrying value of investment securities classified as available-for-sale and the flow and mix of deposits.

The general objective of our interest rate risk management is to determine the appropriate level of risk given our business strategy and then manage that risk in a manner that is consistent with our policy to reduce, to the extent possible, the exposure of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates. Our Asset/Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”), which consists of certain members of senior management, evaluates the interest rate risk inherent in certain assets and liabilities, our operating environment and capital and liquidity requirements, and modifies our lending, investing and deposit gathering strategies accordingly. The Board of Directors then reviews the ALCO’s activities and strategies, the effect of those strategies on our net interest margin, and the effect that changes in market interest rates would have on the economic value of our loan and securities portfolios as well as the intrinsic value of our deposits and borrowings, and reports to the full Board of Directors.

We actively evaluate interest rate risk in connection with our lending, investing and deposit activities. In an effort to better manage interest rate risk, we have de-emphasized the origination of residential mortgage loans, and have increased our emphasis on the origination of nonresidential real estate loans, multi-family mortgage loans, and commercial loans and commercial leases. In addition, depending on market interest rates and our capital and liquidity position, we generally sell all or a portion of our longer-term, fixed-rate residential loans, and usually on a servicing-retained basis. Further, we primarily invest in shorter-duration securities, which generally have lower yields compared to longer-term investments. Shortening the average maturity of our interest-earning assets by increasing our investments in shorter-term loans and securities, as well as loans with variable rates of interest, helps to better match the maturities and interest rates of our assets and liabilities, thereby reducing the exposure of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates. Finally, we have classified all of our investment portfolio as available-for-sale so as to provide flexibility in liquidity management.

We utilize a combination of analyses to monitor the Bank’s exposure to changes in interest rates. The economic value of equity analysis is a model that estimates the change in net portfolio value (“NPV”) over a range of interest rate scenarios. NPV is the discounted present value of expected cash flows from assets, liabilities and off-balance-sheet contracts. In calculating changes in NPV, we assume estimated loan prepayment rates, reinvestment rates and deposit decay rates that seem most likely based on historical experience during prior interest rate changes.

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Our net interest income analysis utilizes the data derived from the dynamic GAP analysis, described below, and applies several additional elements, including actual interest rate indices and margins, contractual limitations such as interest rate floors and caps and the U.S. Treasury yield curve as of the balance sheet date. In addition, we apply consistent parallel yield curve shifts (in both directions) to determine possible changes in net interest income if the theoretical yield curve shifts occurred instantaneously. Net interest income analysis also adjusts the dynamic GAP repricing analysis based on changes in prepayment rates resulting from the parallel yield curve shifts.

Our dynamic GAP analysis determines the relative balance between the repricing of assets and liabilities over multiple periods of time (ranging from overnight to five years). Dynamic GAP analysis includes expected cash flows from loans and mortgage-backed securities, applying prepayment rates based on the differential between the current interest rate and the market interest rate for each loan and security type. This analysis identifies mismatches in the timing of asset and liability repricing but does not necessarily provide an accurate indicator of interest rate risk because it omits the factors incorporated into the net interest income analysis.

Quantitative Analysis. The following table sets forth, as of September 30, 2023, the estimated changes in the Bank’s NPV and net interest income that would result from the designated instantaneous parallel shift in the U.S. Treasury yield curve. Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions including relative levels of market interest rates, loan prepayments and deposit decay, and should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results.

|  |  | Estimated Decrease in NPV |  |  | Increase (Decrease) in Estimated Net Interest Income |
Change in Interest Rates (basis points) |  |  | Amount |  |  | Percent |  |  | Amount |  |  | Percent |
|  |  | (Dollars in thousands) |
+400 |  |  | $ | (43,399 | ) |  |  | (18.30 | )% |  | $ | 3,777 |  |  |  | 6.88 | %
+300 |  |  |  | (27,298 | ) |  |  | (11.51 | ) |  |  | 2,938 |  |  |  | 5.35 |
+200 |  |  |  | (13,085 | ) |  |  | (5.52 | ) |  |  | 2,124 |  |  |  | 3.87 |
+100 |  |  |  | (3,428 | ) |  |  | (1.45 | ) |  |  | 1,238 |  |  |  | 2.25 |
-100 |  |  |  | (13,484 | ) |  |  | (5.68 | ) |  |  | (632 | ) |  |  | (1.15 | )
-200 |  |  |  | (21,440 | ) |  |  | (9.04 | ) |  |  | (2,219 | ) |  |  | (4.04 | )
-300 |  |  |  | (36,397 | ) |  |  | (15.35 | ) |  |  | (4,852 | ) |  |  | (8.84 | )
-400 |  |  |  | (54,875 | ) |  |  | (23.14 | ) |  |  | (8,079 | ) |  |  | (14.71 | )

The table set forth above indicates that at September 30, 2023, in the event of an immediate 200 basis point decrease in interest rates, the Bank would be expected to experience a 9.04% decrease in NPV and a $2.2 million decrease in net interest income. In the event of an immediate 200 basis point increase in interest rates, the Bank would be expected to experience a 5.52% decrease in NPV and a $2.1 million increase in net interest income. This data does not reflect any actions that we may undertake in response to changes in interest rates, such as changes in rates paid on certain deposit accounts based on local competitive factors, which could reduce the actual impact on NPV and net interest income, if any.

Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodology used in the above interest rate risk measurements. Modeling changes in NPV and net interest income requires that we make certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. The NPV and net interest income table presented above assumes that the composition of our interest-rate-sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the beginning of a period remains constant over the period being measured and, accordingly, the data does not reflect any actions that we may undertake in response to changes in interest rates, such as changes in rates paid on certain deposit accounts based on local competitive factors. The table also assumes that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration to maturity or the repricing characteristics of specific assets and liabilities. Because of the shortcomings mentioned above, management considers many additional factors such as projected changes in loan and deposit balances and various projected forward interest rate scenarios when evaluating strategies for managing interest rate risk. Accordingly, although the NPV and net interest income table provides an indication of our sensitivity to interest rate changes at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on our net interest income and will differ from actual results.

ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President and the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of September 30, 2023. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and President and the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II

ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, based on currently available information, the resolution of these legal actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES, USE OF PROCEEDS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

| (a) | Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities. Not applicable.

| (b) | Use of Proceeds. Not applicable.

| (c) | Repurchases of Equity Securities.

The following table sets forth information in connection with purchases of our common stock made by, or on behalf of us, during the third quarter of 2023.

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  |  | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased under the Plans or Programs |
July 1, 2023 through July 31, 2023 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 121,993 |
August 1, 2023 through August 31, 2023 |  |  | 36,858 |  |  |  | 8.70 |  |  |  | 36,858 |  |  |  | 85,135 |
September 1, 2023 through September 30, 2023 |  |  | 16,230 |  |  |  | 8.83 |  |  |  | 16,230 |  |  |  | 68,905 |
|  |  | 53,088 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 53,088 |  |  |  |  |

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had repurchased 7,998,866 shares of its common stock out of the 8,067,771 shares of common stock authorized under the current share repurchase authorization, that will expire on January 15, 2024. Pursuant to the current share repurchase authorization, there were 68,905 shares of common stock authorized for repurchase as of September 30, 2023.

ITEM 3. | DEFAULT UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, no directors or executive officers of the Company adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of the Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) and/or any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.”

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ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit Description
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
101 |  | The following financial statements from the BankFinancial Corporation Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, formatted in Inline Extensive Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) consolidated statements of financial condition, (ii) consolidated statements of operations, (iii) consolidated statements of comprehensive income, (iv) consolidated statements of changes in stockholders' equity, (v) consolidated statements of cash flows and (vi) the notes to consolidated financial statements.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* | A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | BANKFINANCIAL CORPORATION |
Dated: | October 30, 2023 |  | By: | /s/ F. Morgan Gasior |
|  |  |  | F. Morgan Gasior |
|  |  |  | Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President
|  |  |  | /s/ Paul A. Cloutier |
|  |  |  | Paul A. Cloutier |
|  |  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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