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Note 4 - Loans Receivable

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Loans, Notes, Trade and Other Receivables Disclosure [Text Block]

NOTE 4 – LOANS RECEIVABLE

The summary of loans receivable by class of loans is as follows:

	*December 31,*
	*2023*			*2022*
One-to-four family residential real estate	$	18,945		$	23,133
Multi-family residential real estate		527,460			537,394
Nonresidential real estate		118,016			119,705
Commercial loans and leases		393,321			553,056
Consumer		1,364			1,584
		1,059,106			1,234,872
Allowance for credit losses		(8,345	)		(8,129	)
Loans, net	$	1,050,761		$	1,226,743

Net deferred loan origination costs included in the table above were $1.7 million and $1.6 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Loan Origination/Risk Management. The Company has certain lending policies and procedures in place that are designed to maximize loan income within an acceptable level of risk. The Company reviews and approves these policies and procedures on a periodic basis. A reporting system supplements the review process by providing management with frequent reports related to loan production, loan quality, concentrations of credit, loan delinquencies and nonperforming and potential problem loans via trend and risk rating migration.

The Company originates multi-family residential real estate, nonresidential real estate, commercial loans, commercial leases and equipment finance transactions, and a limited quantity of construction and land loans. We originated one-to-four family residential real estate loans until December 31, 2017. We also occasionally purchase and sell loan participations. The following briefly describes our principal loan products.

Multi-family Residential Real Estate

Multi-family residential real estate loans generally are secured by multi-family rental properties such as apartment buildings or mixed-use properties, including subsidized apartment units. In general, loan amounts range between $500,000 and $8.5 million at December 31, 2023. Approximately 40% of the collateral is located outside of our primary market area; however, we do not have a concentration in any single market in excess of 25% of our loan portfolio outside of our primary market area. In underwriting multi-family residential real estate loans, the Company considers a number of factors, which include the projected net cash flow to the loan’s debt service requirement (generally requiring a minimum ratio of 120%), the age and condition of the collateral, the financial resources and income level of the borrower, the borrower’s experience in owning or managing similar properties and, proximity to diverse employment opportunities. Multi-family residential loans are generally originated in amounts up to 80% of the appraised value of the property securing the loan; however, the first lien is typically limited to 65% loan-to-value (“LTV”) or lower, with a second-lien loan permitted up to 80% LTV. Personal guarantees are usually obtained on multi-family residential real estate loans. The Company requires title insurance insuring the priority of our lien on real estate collateral, fire and extended coverage casualty insurance, and, if appropriate, flood insurance.

Loans secured by multi-family residential real estate generally involve a greater degree of credit risk as a result of several factors, including the concentration of principal in a limited number of loans and borrowers, the effects of general economic conditions on income producing properties, and the increased difficulty of evaluating and monitoring these types of loans. Furthermore, the repayment of loans secured by multi-family residential real estate typically depends upon the successful operation of the related real estate property. If the cash flow from the project is reduced below acceptable thresholds, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired.

Nonresidential Real Estate

The Company originates nonresidential real estate loans principally secured by first liens on non-owner occupied or owner-occupied commercial real estate including light industrial/flex buildings, shopping centers, community office buildings and mixed-use developments and, to a much lesser extent, more specialized properties such as nursing homes and other healthcare facilities. Substantially all of our nonresidential real estate loans are secured by properties located in our primary market area.

The Company emphasizes nonresidential real estate loans with initial principal balances between $500,000 and $7.5 million. The Company’s nonresidential real estate loans are generally written as balloon mortgages with maturities of three or five years. Amortization on these loans is typically based on 20- to 30-year schedules. The Company also originates some 15-year fixed-rate, fully amortizing loans.

In the underwriting of nonresidential real estate loans, the Company generally lends up to 80% of the property’s appraised value, however, the first lien is typically limited to 65% LTV or lower, with a second-lien loan permitted up to 80% LTV. Decisions to lend are based on the economic viability of the property as the primary source of repayment and the creditworthiness of the borrower. In evaluating a proposed nonresidential real estate loan, we emphasize the ratio of the property’s projected net cash flow to the loan’s debt service requirement (generally requiring a minimum ratio of 120%), computed after deduction for a vacancy factor and property expenses we deem appropriate. Personal guarantees are usually pursued and obtained from nonresidential real estate borrowers. The Company requires title insurance insuring the priority of our lien on real estate collateral and fire and extended coverage casualty insurance.

Nonresidential real estate loans generally carry higher interest rates and have shorter terms and typically involve larger loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. In addition, the payment of loans secured by income-producing properties typically depends on the successful operation of the related real estate project and thus may be subject to a greater extent to adverse conditions in the real estate market and in the general economy.

Construction and Land Loans

Although the Company does not actively originate construction and land loans presently, construction and land loans generally consist of land acquisition loans to help finance the purchase of land intended for further development, including single-family homes, multi-family housing and commercial income property, development loans to builders in our market area to finance improvements to real estate, consisting mostly of single-family subdivisions, typically to finance the cost of utilities, roads, sewers and other development costs.

Commercial Loans and Leases

The commercial loan and lease category includes all commercial credit facilities extended for the purpose of financing working capital or operating assets, including Equipment Finance, Commercial Finance and Community Finance exposures. In general, commercial credit decisions are based upon our assessment of the borrower’s cash flow, proposed collateral, business and credit history and any additional positive or negative credit risk factors, such as personal or corporate guarantors. In addition to evaluating the borrower’s financial condition, we consider the adequacy of the primary and secondary sources of repayment for the loan. Independent reports of the borrower’s credit history supplement our analysis of the borrower’s creditworthiness and at times may be supplemented with trade credit reports or verifications of credit or assets. We review proposed collateral for a secured transaction to determine its use in business operations, and its potential value as a secondary source of repayment. Where applicable, we evaluate personal or corporate guarantors’ financial capacity and credit history as a tertiary source of repayment. Commercial business loans generally have higher interest rates because they have a higher risk of default since their repayment generally depends on the successful operation of the borrower’s business and the sufficiency of any collateral. Pricing of commercial loans is based primarily on the overall credit risk of the credit exposure, with due consideration given to borrowers with appropriate deposit relationships.

Equipment Finance

The Company lends money for equipment and software finance transactions (collectively, “equipment finance transactions”) on a national basis. The Company originates equipment finance transactions through equipment leasing companies, banks, vendors and other market sources. Generally, equipment finance transactions are secured by an assignment of the payments due under the obligation and by a security interest in the assets financed. In most cases, the obligor acknowledges our security interest in the assets financed and agrees to send all payments directly to us or to a third-party paying agency. Consequently, the Company underwrites equipment finance transactions by examining the creditworthiness of the obligor and any surety, and the purpose, use and value of the assets financed for collateral purposes. Equipment finance transactions are generally non-recourse to the originating company.

The Company conducts equipment finance transactions for state and local governments, publicly-traded companies with and without public debt ratings, privately-held companies, and small businesses. In general, the Company conducts software finance transactions only for investment-grade State government or investment-grade corporate obligors. The Company discontinued equipment finance and software finance transactions with the U.S. Government in the first quarter of 2023 due to the government’s failure to timely remit scheduled payments on two transactions in 2023, for which the Company is now pursuing remedies under the Contract Disputes Act of 1978. Generally, the Company’s equipment finance transactions are secured primarily by technology equipment, medical equipment, material handling equipment and other capital equipment; however, licenses for software essential for the operation of financed equipment, or to the operations of the obligor, are also eligible for financing. Generally, equipment finance transactions have a maximum maturity of five years, repaid on a fully-amortizing basis. Our total equipment finance portfolio as of December 31, 2023 was $303.3 million. We have $82.3 million in total equipment or software finance credit exposure to 26 departments or agencies of the U.S. Government, of which the ten largest exposures total $71.5 million, with a portfolio average credit exposure amount of $3.2 million at December 31, 2023. We have $50.0 million in total equipment or software finance credit exposure to 61 state or local governments, of which the ten largest exposures total $33.4 million, with a portfolio average amount of $819,000 at December 31, 2023. We have $138.8 million in total commercial equipment finance transactions to 191 corporate and middle-market obligors, with the ten largest exposures totaling $50.9 million, with a portfolio average amount of $727,000 at December 31, 2023. We have $32.2 million in total small business equipment finance credit exposure to 608 obligors, with a portfolio average amount of $53,000 at December 31, 2023.

Commercial Finance

The Company lends money to finance small- and medium-size businesses for working capital purposes on a national basis. The Company offers traditional commercial lines of credit, asset-based lines of credit and accounts receivable factoring to companies in manufacturing, distribution/logistics, health care and professional services sectors, including contractors of the U.S. Government; however, not all types of commercial finance credit facilities are presently available to all business sectors. Commercial finance borrowers are typically subject to more stringent liquidity and collateral underwriting, and ongoing credit monitoring practices, than traditional commercial bank credit borrowers. Generally, commercial finance transactions have a maximum maturity of two years. The maximum outstanding credit commitment to any commercial finance borrower is $24 million, however, the average commercial finance credit commitment was $814,000 at December 31, 2023 .

Community Finance

The Company makes various types of secured and unsecured commercial loans to for-profit, not-for-profit and local government borrowers in our primary market area for the purpose of financing equipment acquisition, expansion, working capital and other general business purposes. The terms of these loans generally range from less than one year to five years. The loans are either negotiated on a fixed-rate basis or carry adjustable interest rates indexed to (i) a lending rate that is determined internally, or (ii) a short-term market rate index.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans

The following table represents the activity in the ACL by class of loans:

	*One-to-four family residential real estate*			*Multi-family residential real estate*			*Nonresidential real estate*			*Commercial loans and leases*			*Consumer*			*Total*
December 31, 2023
Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASC 326	$	281		$	4,017		$	1,234		$	2,548		$	49		$	8,129
Impact of adopting ASC 326		99			630			66			1,122			(10	)		1,907
Beginning balance, after adoption of ASC 326		380			4,647			1,300			3,670			39			10,036
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses		(129	)		(118	)		(134	)		732			44			395
Loans charged off		(1	)		—			—			(2,176	)		(52	)		(2,229	)
Recoveries		45			20			—			77			1			143
	$	295		$	4,549		$	1,166		$	2,303		$	32		$	8,345

December 31, 2022
Beginning balance	$	331		$	3,377		$	1,311		$	1,652		$	44		$	6,715
Provision for credit losses		15			620			111			1,032			50			1,828
Loans charged off		(76	)		—			(192	)		(156	)		(61	)		(485	)
Recoveries		11			20			4			20			16			71
	$	281		$	4,017		$	1,234		$	2,548		$	49		$	8,129

As of December 31, 2023 we had $335,000 recorded as an unfunded commitment reserve, included in other liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

The following tables present the balance in the ACL and loans receivable by class of loans based on evaluation method. Allocation of a portion of the ACL to one category does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories:

	*One-to-four family residential real estate*		*Multi-family residential real estate*		*Nonresidential real estate*		*Commercial loans and leases*		*Consumer*		*Total*
December 31, 2023
Loans:
Loans individually evaluated	$	67	$	—	$	—	$	21,982	$	—	$	22,049
Loans collectively evaluated		18,878		527,460		118,016		371,339		1,364		1,037,057
	$	18,945	$	527,460	$	118,016	$	393,321	$	1,364	$	1,059,106
ACL:
Loans individually evaluated	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Loans collectively evaluated		295		4,549		1,166		2,303		32		8,345
	$	295	$	4,549	$	1,166	$	2,303	$	32	$	8,345

	*One-to-four family residential real estate*		*Multi-family residential real estate*		*Nonresidential real estate*		*Commercial loans and leases*		*Consumer*		*Total*
December 31, 2022
Loans:
Loans individually evaluated	$	752	$	473	$	—	$	1,487	$	—	$	2,712
Loans collectively evaluated		22,381		536,921		119,705		551,569		1,584		1,232,160
	$	23,133	$	537,394	$	119,705	$	553,056	$	1,584	$	1,234,872
ACL:
Loans individually evaluated	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Loans collectively evaluated		281		4,017		1,234		2,548		49		8,129
	$	281	$	4,017	$	1,234	$	2,548	$	49	$	8,129

Individually Evaluated Loans

The following tables present loans individually evaluated by class of loans:

	*Loan Balance*		*Recorded Investment*		*Partial Charge- off*		*Allowance for Credit Losses Allocated*		*Average Investment*		*Interest Income Recognized*
December 31, 2023
With no related allowance recorded
One-to-four family residential real estate	$	66	$	67	$	—	$	—	$	76	$	4
Commercial loans and leases		24,036		21,982		469		—		16,542		35
	$	24,102	$	22,049	$	469	$	—	$	16,618	$	39

December 31, 2022
With no related allowance recorded
One-to-four family residential real estate	$	752	$	752	$	—	$	—	$	1,143	$	29
Multi-family residential real estate		473		473		—		—		590		27
Commercial loans and leases		1,606		1,487		49		—		445		47
	$	2,831	$	2,712	$	49	$	—	$	2,178	$	103

Nonaccrual loans

The following tables present the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans and loans 90 days or more past due still on accrual by class of loans:

	*Nonaccrual Loans*		*Loans Past Due Over 90 Days, still accruing*
December 31, 2023
One-to-four family residential real estate	$	37	$	—
Commercial loans and leases		21,294		1,007
	$	21,331	$	1,007
December 31, 2022
One-to-four family residential real estate	$	92	$	—
Commercial loans and leases		1,310		238
Consumer		5		—
	$	1,407	$	238

Nonaccrual loans and individually evaluated loans are defined differently. Some loans may be included in both categories, and some loans may only be included in one category. Nonaccrual loans include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated and loans individually evaluated.

The Company’s reserve for uncollected loan interest was $1.4 million and $38,000 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. When a loan is on nonaccrual status and the ultimate collectability of the total principal of a loan is in doubt, all payments are applied to principal under the cost recovery method. Alternatively, when a loan is on nonaccrual status but there is doubt concerning only the ultimate collectability of interest, contractual interest is credited to interest income only when received, under the cash basis method. In all cases, the average balances are calculated based on the month–end balances of the financing receivables within the period reported.

Past Due Loans

The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment of loans by portfolio segment:

	*30-59 Days Past Due*		*60-89 Days Past Due*		*Greater Than 89 Days Past Due*		*Total Past Due*		*Nonaccrual*		*Current*		*Total*
December 31, 2023
One-to-four family residential real estate loans	$	12	$	18	$	—	$	30	$	37	$	18,878	$	18,945
Multi-family residential real estate:
Senior notes		—		—		—		—		—		485,281		485,281
Junior notes		—		—		—		—		—		42,179		42,179
Nonresidential real estate:
Owner occupied		—		—		—		—		—		20,901		20,901
Non-owner occupied		—		—		—		—		—		97,115		97,115
Commercial loans and leases:
Commercial		234		26		666		926		2,285		208,770		211,981
Equipment finance - Government		3,147		5,028		—		8,175		18,956		105,134		132,265
Equipment finance - Corporate Investment-grade		7		—		341		348		53		48,674		49,075
Consumer		8		5		—		13		—		1,351		1,364
	$	3,408	$	5,077	$	1,007	$	9,492	$	21,331	$	1,028,283	$	1,059,106

	*30-59 Days Past Due*		*60-89 Days Past Due*		*Greater Than 89 Days Past Due*		*Total Past Due*		*Nonaccrual*		*Current*		*Total*
December 31, 2022
One-to-four family residential real estate loans	$	411	$	19	$	—	$	430	$	92	$	22,611	$	23,133
Multi-family residential real estate:
Senior notes		31		—		—		31		—		494,957		494,988
Junior notes		—		—		—		—		—		42,406		42,406
Nonresidential real estate:
Owner occupied		—		—		—		—		—		22,617		22,617
Non-owner occupied		—		—		—		—		—		97,088		97,088
Commercial loans and leases:
Commercial		2,424		336		111		2,871		1,310		279,272		283,453
Equipment finance - Government		2,034		5,106		—		7,140		—		204,443		211,583
Equipment finance - Corporate Investment-grade		—		81		127		208		—		57,812		58,020
Consumer		12		4		—		16		5		1,563		1,584
	$	4,912	$	5,546	$	238	$	10,696	$	1,407	$	1,222,769	$	1,234,872

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company had no loan modifications that meet the definition described in ASU 2022-02 “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” for additional reporting.

At December 31, 2022, the Company evaluated loan extensions or modifications not qualified under Section 4013 of the CARES Act or under OCC Bulletin 2020-35 in accordance with FASB ASC 340-10 with respect to the classification of the loan as a Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”). Under ASC 340-10, if the Company grants a loan extension or modification to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties for other than an insignificant period of time that includes a below–market interest rate, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance or other concession intended to minimize the economic loss to the Company, the loan extension or loan modification is classified as a TDR. In cases where borrowers are granted new terms that provide for a reduction of either interest or principal then due and payable, management measures any impairment on the restructured loan in the same manner as for impaired loans as noted above. The Company had no TDRs at December 31, 2022.

Credit Quality Indicators:

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, including current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. Risk ratings are updated any time the situation warrants. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Pass. This category includes loans that are all considered acceptable credits, ranging from investment or near investment grade, to loans made to borrowers who exhibit credit fundamentals that meet or exceed industry standards.

Watch. A “Watch List” loan is a loan that requires elevated monitoring because it does not conform to the applicable published loan policy or loan product underwriting standards, evidences intermittent past due payments or because of other matters of possible concern.

Special Mention. A “Special Mention” asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special Mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard. Loans categorized as “Substandard” continue to accrue interest, but exhibit a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that may jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. The loans continue to accrue interest because they are well secured and collection of principal and interest is expected within a reasonable time. The risk rating guidance published by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency clarifies that a loan with a well-defined weakness does not have to present a probability of default for the loan to be rated Substandard, and that an individual loan’s loss potential does not have to be distinct for the loan to be rated Substandard.

Nonaccrual. An asset classified “Nonaccrual” has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans are as follows:

	*Pass*		*Watch*		*Special Mention*		*Substandard*		*Substandard Nonaccrual*		*Total*
December 31, 2023
One-to-four family residential real estate	$	18,492	$	144	$	—	$	272	$	37	$	18,945
Multi-family residential real estate		518,538		7,589		1,333		—		—		527,460
Nonresidential real estate		114,155		3,861		—		—		—		118,016
Commercial loans and leases		340,623		16,761		10,587		4,056		21,294		393,321
Consumer		1,349		7		5		3		—		1,364
	$	993,157	$	28,362	$	11,925	$	4,331	$	21,331	$	1,059,106

	*Pass*		*Watch*		*Special Mention*		*Substandard*		*Substandard Nonaccrual*		*Total*
December 31, 2022
One-to-four family residential real estate	$	22,648	$	62	$	4	$	327	$	92	$	23,133
Multi-family residential real estate		534,253		3,141		—		—		—		537,394
Nonresidential real estate		116,635		3,070		—		—		—		119,705
Commercial loans and leases		523,889		22,299		1,517		4,041		1,310		553,056
Consumer		1,559		12		4		4		5		1,584
	$	1,198,984	$	28,584	$	1,525	$	4,372	$	1,407	$	1,234,872

	*Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year*
	*2023*			*2022*			*2021*		*2020*			*2019*		*Prior*			*Revolving loans*			*Total*
December 31, 2023

*One-to-four family residential real estate loans:*
Risk-rating
Pass	$	489		$	—		$	—	$	130		$	—	$	14,069		$	3,804		$	18,492
Watch		—			—			—		—			—		144			—			144
Substandard		—			—			—		—			—		127			145			272
Nonaccrual		—			—			—		—			—		16			21			37
	$	489		$	—		$	—	$	130		$	—	$	14,356		$	3,970		$	18,945
*One-to-four family residential real estate loans:*
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	(1	)	$	—		$	(1	)
Current period recoveries		—			—			—		—			—		45			—			45
	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	44		$	—		$	44
Multi-family residential real estate:
Risk rating
Pass	$	43,386		$	210,878		$	108,563	$	57,480		$	22,064	$	67,432		$	8,735		$	518,538
Watch		—			647			4,104		263			—		2,575			—			7,589
Special mention		118			1,215			—		—			—		—			—			1,333
	$	43,504		$	212,740		$	112,667	$	57,743		$	22,064	$	70,007		$	8,735		$	527,460
Multi-family residential real estate:
Current period recoveries	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	20		$	—		$	20
	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	20		$	—		$	20
Nonresidential real estate:
Risk rating
Pass	$	17,618		$	50,898		$	20,436	$	7,787		$	9,024	$	8,288		$	104		$	114,155
Watch		—			2,358			1,503		—			—		—			—			3,861
	$	17,618		$	53,256		$	21,939	$	7,787		$	9,024	$	8,288		$	104		$	118,016
Commercial loans and leases:
Risk rating
Pass	$	43,972		$	130,444		$	62,280	$	32,633		$	3,028	$	1,379		$	66,887		$	340,623
Watch		6,043			7,171			748		371			—		—			2,428			16,761
Special mention		—			—			—		—			—		—			10,587			10,587
Substandard		—			666			—		22			—		—			3,368			4,056
Nonaccrual		11			20,204			524		555			—		—			—			21,294
	$	50,026		$	158,485		$	63,552	$	33,581		$	3,028	$	1,379		$	83,270		$	393,321
Commercial loans and leases:
Current period gross charge-offs	$	(20	)	$	(1,850	)	$	—	$	(306	)	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	(2,176	)
Current period recoveries		—			—			37		40			—		—			—			77
	$	(20	)	$	(1,850	)	$	37	$	(266	)	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	(2,099	)
Consumer:
Risk rating
Pass	$	336		$	8		$	140	$	80		$	247	$	—		$	538		$	1,349
Watch		—			—			—		—			—		—			7			7
Special mention		—			—			—		—			—		—			5			5
Substandard		—			—			—		—			—		—			3			3
	$	336		$	8		$	140	$	80		$	247	$	—		$	553		$	1,364
Consumer:
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	(52	)	$	(52	)
Current period recoveries		—			—			—		—			—		—			1			1
	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	(51	)	$	(51	)