Note 10 – Fair Values of Financial Instruments

Guidance on fair value measurements establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation methods used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported with little or no market activity).

An asset or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The only assets or liabilities that the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows. (In Thousands):


			(Level 1)		(Level 2)
			Quoted Prices in		Significant		(Level 3)
			Active Markets		Other		Significant
			for Identical		Observable		Unobservable
Description	Total		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
As of June 30, 2018:
Securities
Residential mortgage backed securities	$	123,618	$	-	$	123,618	$	-
Municipal obligations		3,673		-		3,673		-
Preferred stock		8,134		8,134		-		-
Total Securities		135,425		8,134		127,291		-

As of December 31, 2017:
Securities
Residential mortgage backed securities	$	111,793	$	-	$	111,793	$	-
Municipal obligations		2,502		-		2,502		-
Preferred stock		8,294		8,294		-		-
Total Securities		122,589		8,294		114,295		-

The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between levels as of the actual date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. There were no transfers of assets or liabilities into or out of Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

The only assets or liabilities that the Company measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis were as follows. (In Thousands):




			(Level 1)		(Level 2)
			Quoted Prices in		Significant		(Level 3)
			Active Markets		Other		Significant
			for Identical		Observable		Unobservable
Description	Total		Assets		Inputs		Inputs
As of June 30, 2018
Impaired Loans	$	8,857	$	-	$	-	$	8,857
Other real estate owned	$	1,178	$	-	$	-	$	1,178

As of December 31, 2017:
Impaired Loans	$	10,369	$	-	$	-	$	10,369
Other real estate owned	$	532	$	-	$	-	$	532

Note 10 – Fair Values of Financial Instruments (Continued)

The following tables present additional quantitative information as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which the Company has utilized adjusted Level 3 inputs to determine fair value. (Dollars in thousands):


Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
		Fair Value	Valuation	Unobservable	Range
		Estimate	Techniques	Input
June 30, 2018:
Impaired Loans	$	8,857	Appraisal of collateral (1)	Appraisal adjustments (2)	0%-10%


Other real estate owned	$	1,178	Appraisal of collateral (1)	Appraisal adjustments (2)	0%-10%


		Fair Value	Valuation	Unobservable	Range
		Estimate	Techniques	Input
December 31, 2017:
Impaired Loans	$	10,369	Appraisal of collateral (1)	Appraisal adjustments (2)	0%-10%


Other real estate owned	$	532	Appraisal of collateral (1)	Appraisal adjustments (2)	0%-10%

(1)

Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral, which generally include various level 3 inputs which are not objectively determinable.

(2)

Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. The range of liquidation expenses and other appraisal adjustments are presented as a percent of the appraisal.

The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Interest-Earning Time Deposits (Carried at Cost)

The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated statements of financial condition for cash and short-term instruments approximate fair values.

Securities

The fair value of securities available for sale (carried at fair value) are determined by matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices.

Loans Held for Sale (Carried at Lower of Cost or Fair Value)

The fair value of loans held for sale is determined, when possible, using quoted secondary-market prices. If no such quoted prices exist, the fair value of a loan is determined using quoted prices for a similar loan or loans, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan. Loans held for sale are carried at their cost as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Loans Receivable (Carried at Cost)

The fair value of loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market rates at the balance sheet date that reflect the credit and interest rate-risk inherent in the loans. Projected future cash flows are calculated based upon contractual maturity or call dates, projected repayments and prepayments of principal. Generally, for variable rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values.

Note 10 – Fair Values of Financial Instruments (Continued)

Impaired Loans (Generally Carried at Fair Value)

A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or as a practical expedient, at the loans observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. The fair value at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consisted of the loan balances of $10.895 million and $12.402 million, net of a valuation allowance of $2.038 million and $2.033 million, respectively.

Real Estate Owned (Generally Carried at Fair Value)

Real Estate Owned is generally carried at fair value which is determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or based upon the expected proceeds from a pending sale. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

FHLB of New York Stock (Carried at Cost)

The carrying amount of restricted investment in bank stock approximates fair value, and considers the limited marketability of such securities.

Interest Receivable and Payable (Carried at Cost)

The carrying amount of interest receivable and interest payable approximates its fair value.

Deposits (Carried at Cost)

The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., interest and non-interest checking, passbook savings and money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered in the market on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits.

Long-Term Debt (Carried at Cost)

Fair values of long-term debt are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on quoted prices for new long-term debt with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity. These prices obtained from this active market represent a market value that is deemed to represent the transfer price if the liability were assumed by a third party.

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

Fair values for the Company’s off-balance sheet financial instruments (lending commitments and unused lines of credit) are based on fees currently charged in the market to enter into similar agreements, taking into account, the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. The fair value of these commitments was deemed immaterial and is not presented in the accompanying table.

Note 10 – Fair Values of Financial Instruments (Continued)

The carrying values and estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:


		As of June 30, 2018

					Quoted Prices in Active		Significant		Significant
	Carrying				Markets for Identical Assets		Other Observable Inputs		Unobservable Inputs
	Value		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)

	(In Thousands)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	180,445	$	180,445	$	180,445	$	-	$	-
Interest-earning time deposits		980		980		980		-		-
Debt securities available for sale		127,291		127,291		-		127,291		-
Equity investments		8,134		8,134		8,134		-		-
Loans held for sale		1,405		1,405		-		1,405		-
Loans receivable, net		2,119,829		2,070,306		-		-		2,070,306
FHLB of New York stock, at cost		16,744		16,744		-		16,744		-
Accrued interest receivable		7,563		7,563		-		7,563		-

Financial liabilities:
Deposits		1,984,876		1,991,258		935,885		1,055,373		-
Borrowings		320,005		316,414		-		316,414		-
Subordinated debentures		4,124		4,078		-		4,078		-
Accrued interest payable		1,174		1,174		-		1,174		-


		As of December 31, 2017

					Quoted Prices in Active		Significant		Significant
	Carrying				Markets for Identical Assets		Other Observable Inputs		Unobservable Inputs
	Value		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)

	(In Thousands)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	124,235	$	124,235	$	124,235	$	-	$	-
Interest-earning time deposits		980		980		980		-		-
Debt securities available for sale		114,295		114,295		-		114,295		-
Equity investments		8,294		8,294		8,294		-		-
Loans held for sale		1,295		1,295		-		1,295		-
Loans receivable, net		1,643,677		1,643,626		-		-		1,643,626
FHLB of New York stock, at cost		10,211		10,211		-		10,211		-
Accrued interest receivable		6,153		6,153		-		6,153		-

Financial liabilities:
Deposits		1,569,370		1,578,382		903,155		673,227		-
Borrowings		185,000		182,947		-		182,947		-
Subordinated debentures		4,124		4,078		-		4,078		-
Accrued interest payable		791		791		-		791		-