10-Q 1 amtx_10q.htm QUARTERLY REPORT
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-Q
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☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended: September 30, 2020
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _____________to ____________
Commission File Number: 001-36475
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AEMETIS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Nevada | 26-1407544
(State or other jurisdiction | (I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization) | Identification No.)

20400 Stevens Creek Blvd., Suite 700
Cupertino, CA 95014
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including zip code)
(408) 213-0940
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Title of each class of registered securities | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value | AMTX | NASDAQ

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☑
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock on October 31, 2020 was 21,815,654 shares.
AEMETIS, INC.
FORM 10-Q
Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2020
INDEX

PART I--FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1 | Financial Statements. | 4
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. | 33
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. | 44
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures. | 44
PART II--OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 45
Item 1A. | Risk Factors. | 45
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds. | 45
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities. | 45
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures. | 45
Item 5. | Other Information. | 45
Item 6. | Exhibits. | 46
Signatures |  | 47

2
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD—LOOKING STATEMENTS
On one or more occasions, we may make forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding our assumptions, projections, expectations, targets, intentions or beliefs about future events or other statements that are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, without limitation, statements regarding management’s plans; trends in market conditions with respect to prices for inputs for our products versus prices for our products; our ability to leverage approved feedstock pathways; our ability to leverage our location and infrastructure; our ability to incorporate lower-cost, non-food advanced biofuels feedstock at the Keyes plant; our ability to adopt value-add by-product processing systems; our ability to expand into alternative markets for biodiesel and its by-products, including continuing to expand our sales into international markets; our ability to maintain and expand strategic relationships with suppliers; our ability to continue to develop new and to maintain and protect new and existing intellectual property rights; our ability to adopt, develop and commercialize new technologies; our ability to refinance our senior debt on more commercial terms or at all; our ability to continue to fund operations and our future sources of liquidity and capital resources; our ability to sell additional notes under our EB-5 note program and our expectations regarding the release of funds from escrow under our EB-5 note program; our ability to improve margins; and our ability to raise additional capital. Words or phrases such as “anticipates,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “projects,” “targets,” “will likely result,” “will continue” or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on current assumptions and predictions and are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties. Actual results or events could differ materially from those set forth or implied by such forward-looking statements and related assumptions due to certain factors, including, without limitation, the risks set forth under the caption “Risk Factors” below, which are incorporated herein by reference as well as those business risks and factors described elsewhere in this report and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including without limitation, our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.
3
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1 - Financial Statements.
AEMETIS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands except for par value)

| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019
Assets | (unaudited) |
Current assets: |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $79 | $656
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $647 and $0 as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 | 3,243 | 2,036
Notes receivable | 3,746 | -
Inventories | 4,816 | 6,518
Prepaid expenses | 727 | 794
Other current assets | 936 | 2,572
Total current assets | 13,547 | 12,576
Property, plant and equipment, net | 103,050 | 84,226
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 2,843 | 557
Other assets | 2,730 | 2,537
Total assets | $122,170 | $99,896
Liabilities and stockholders' deficit |  |
Current liabilities: |  |
Accounts payable | $15,023 | $15,968
Current portion of long term debt | 41,979 | 5,792
Short term borrowings | 17,357 | 16,948
Mandatorily redeemable Series B convertible preferred stock | 3,226 | 3,149
Accrued property taxes | 5,356 | 4,095
Accrued contingent litigation fees | 6,200 | 6,200
Current portion of operating lease liability | 286 | 377
Other current liabilities | 6,398 | 5,290
Total current liabilities | 95,825 | 57,819
Long term liabilities: |  |
Senior secured notes and revolving notes | 120,781 | 107,205
EB-5 notes | 34,500 | 36,500
GAFI secured and revolving notes | - | 29,856
Other long term debt | 11,729 | 6,124
Series A preferred units | 28,494 | 14,077
Operating lease liability | 2,662 | 200
Other long term liabilities | 3,742 | 2,487
Total long term liabilities | 201,908 | 196,449
Stockholders' deficit: |  |
Series B convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 7,235 authorized; 1,323 shares issued and outstanding each period, respectively (aggregate liquidation preference of $3,969 for each period respectively) | 1 | 1
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 40,000 authorized; 21,027 and 20,570 shares issued and outstanding each period, respectively | 21 | 21
Additional paid-in capital | 88,119 | 86,852
Accumulated deficit | (259,498) | (237,421)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (4,206) | (3,825)
Total stockholders' deficit | (175,563) | (154,372)
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit | $122,170 | $99,896

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
4
AEMETIS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE
LOSS
(Unaudited, in thousands except for earnings per share)

| For the three months ended September 30, | For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019
Revenues | $40,923 | $57,389 | $128,227 | $149,896
Cost of goods sold | 40,152 | 53,407 | 113,830 | 142,992
Gross profit | 771 | 3,982 | 14,397 | 6,904
Research and development expenses | 37 | 37 | 175 | 160
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 4,563 | 4,529 | 12,548 | 12,715
Operating income (loss) | (3,829) | (584) | 1,674 | (5,971)
Other (income) expense: |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  |  |
Interest rate expense | 5,796 | 5,396 | 16,956 | 15,572
Debt related fees and amortization expense | 674 | 946 | 2,578 | 3,565
Accretion of Series A preferred units | 1,765 | 589 | 4,087 | 1,509
Loss contingency on litigation | - | - | - | 6,200
Other (income) expense | 153 | (289) | 393 | (1,001)
Loss before income taxes | (12,217) | (7,226) | (22,340) | (31,816)
Income tax expense (benefit) | - | - | (263) | 7
Net loss | $(12,217) | $(7,226) | $(22,077) | $(31,823)
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest | - | (900) | - | (2,832)
Net loss attributable to Aemetis, Inc. | $(12,217) | $(6,326) | $(22,077) | $(28,991)
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation gain (loss) | 314 | (254) | (381) | (139)
Comprehensive loss | $(11,903) | $(7,480) | $(22,458) | $(31,962)
Net loss per common share |  |  |  |
Basic | $(0.59) | $(0.31) | $(1.06) | $(1.42)
Diluted | $(0.59) | $(0.31) | $(1.06) | $(1.42)
Weighted average shares outstanding |  |  |  |
Basic | 20,861 | 20,554 | 20,732 | 20,433
Diluted | 20,861 | 20,554 | 20,732 | 20,433

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
5
AEMETIS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited, in thousands)

| For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2020 | 2019
Operating activities: |  |
Net loss | $(22,077) | $(31,823)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |
Share-based compensation | 826 | 630
Depreciation | 3,515 | 3,337
Debt related fees and amortization expense | 2,578 | 3,565
Intangibles and other amortization expense | 36 | 36
Accretion of Series A preferred units | 4,087 | 1,509
Deferred tax benefit | (263) | -
Provision for bad debts | 647 | -
Change in fair value of stock appreciation rights | - | (80)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |
Accounts receivable | (1,902) | (4,359)
Inventories | 1,542 | 2,563
Prepaid expenses | 66 | 384
Other assets | 1,684 | (154)
Accounts payable | 330 | 3,429
Accrued interest expense and fees | 16,011 | 13,272
Other liabilities | (24) | 6,565
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 7,056 | (1,126)
Investing activities: |  |
Capital expenditures | (14,921) | (5,053)
Note receivable | (3,687) | -
Net cash used in investing activities | (18,608) | (5,053)
Financing activities: |  |
Proceeds from borrowings | 12,135 | 39,246
Repayments of borrowings | (11,792) | (35,886)
TEC debt renewal and waiver fee payments | (300) | (530)
Grant proceeds received for capital expenditures | 256 | 1,364
Payments on finance leases | (1,137) | -
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options | 260 | -
Proceeds from Series A preferred units financing | 11,564 | 1,725
Net cash provided by financing activities | 10,986 | 5,919
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (11) | (9)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents for period | (577) | (269)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 656 | 1,188
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $79 | $919
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information, cash paid: |  |
Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest of $291 and $231 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively | $702 | $1,836
Income taxes paid | 8 | -
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information, non-cash transactions: |  |
Subordinated debt extension fees added to debt | 680 | 680
Fair value of warrants issued to subordinated debt holders | 181 | 162
TEC debt extension, waiver fees, promissory notes fees added to debt | 1,793 | 1,102
Capital expenditures in accounts payable | 1,182 | 1,443
Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining right of use assets | 2,688 | 1,181
Financing lease liabilities arising from obtaining right of use assets | 2,988 | -
Stock Appreciation Rights issued for GAFI Amendment No. 1 | - | 1,050
Capital expenditures purchased on financing | 5,652 | -

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
6
AEMETIS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
(Unaudited, in thousands)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020
| Series B Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Additional | Accumulated | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | Total Stockholders'
Description | Shares | Dollars | Shares | Dollars | Paid-in Capital | Deficit | Income/(Loss) | deficit
Balance at December 31, 2019 | 1,323 | $1 | 20,570 | $21 | $86,852 | $(237,421) | $(3,825) | $(154,372)
Stock-based compensation | - | - | - | - | 310 | - | - | 310
Issuance and exercise of warrants | - | - | 113 | - | 93 | - | - | 93
Foreign currency translation loss | - | - | - | - | - | - | (668) | (668)
Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | (12,052) | - | (12,052)
Balance at March 31, 2020 | 1,323 | $1 | 20,683 | $21 | $87,255 | $(249,473) | $(4,493) | $(166,689)
Stock-based compensation | - | - | - | - | 325 | - | - | 325
Foreign currency translation loss | - | - | - | - | - | - | (27) | (27)
Net income | - | - | - | - | - | 2,192 | - | 2,192
Balance at June 30, 2020 | 1,323 | $1 | 20,683 | $21 | $87,580 | $(247,281) | $(4,520) | $(164,199)
Stock options exercised | - | - | 232 | - | 260 | - | - | 260
Stock-based compensation | - | - | - | - | 191 | - | - | 191
Issuance and exercise of warrants | - | - | 112 | - | 88 | - | - | 88
Foreign currency translation gain | - | - | - | - | - | - | 314 | 314
Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | (12,217) | - | (12,217)
Balance at September 30, 2020 | 1,323 | $1 | 21,027 | $21 | $88,119 | $(259,498) | $(4,206) | $(175,563)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019
| Series B Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Additional | Accumulated | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | Noncontrolling | Total Stockholders'
Description | Shares | Dollars | Shares | Dollars | Paid-in Capital | Deficit | Income/(Loss) | Interest | deficit
Balance at December 31, 2018 | 1,323 | $1 | 20,345 | $20 | $85,917 | $(193,204) | $(3,576) | $(4,740) | $(115,582)
Stock-based compensation | - | - | - | - | 290 | - | - | - | 290
Issuance and exercise of warrants | - | - | 30 | - | 67 | - | - | - | 67
Foreign currency translation gain | - | - | - | - | - | - | 58 | - | 58
Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | (9,729) | - | (938) | (10,667)
Balance at March 31, 2019 | 1,323 | $1 | 20,375 | $20 | $86,274 | $(202,933) | $(3,518) | $(5,678) | $(125,834)
Stock-based compensation | - | - | - | - | 196 | - | - | - | 196
Foreign currency translation gain | - | - | - | - | - | - | 57 | - | 57
Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | (12,936) | - | (994) | (13,930)
Balance at June 30, 2019 | 1,323 | $1 | 20,375 | $20 | $86,470 | $(215,869) | $(3,461) | $(6,672) | $(139,511)
Stock-based compensation | - | - | - | - | 144 | - | - | - | 144
Issuance and exercise of warrants | - | - | 195 | 1 | 94 | - | - | - | 95
Foreign currency translation loss | - | - | - | - | - | - | (254) | - | (254)
Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | (6,326) | - | (900) | (7,226)
Balance at September 30, 2019 | 1,323 | $1 | 20,570 | $21 | $86,708 | $(222,195) | $(3,715) | $(7,572) | $(146,752)

7
AEMETIS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited, tabular data in thousands except par value and per share data)
1. Nature of Activities and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Activities. Headquartered in Cupertino, California, Aemetis, Inc. (collectively with its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, “Aemetis,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) is an advanced renewable fuels and biochemicals company focused on the acquisition, development and commercialization of innovative technologies that replace traditional petroleum-based products through the conversion of second-generation ethanol and biodiesel plants into advanced biorefineries. Founded in 2006, we own and operate a 65 million gallon per year renewable ethanol facility (“Keyes Plant”) in California’s Central Valley, near Modesto, where we manufacture and produce ethanol, high-grade alcohol, wet distillers’ grains (“WDG”), condensed distillers solubles (“CDS”), and distillers’ corn oil (“DCO”). We also own and operate a 50 million gallon per year renewable chemical and advanced fuel production facility (“Kakinada Plant”) on the East Coast of India that produces high quality distilled biodiesel and refined glycerin for customers in India and Europe. We operate a research and development laboratory to develop efficient conversion technologies using waste feedstocks to produce biofuels and biochemicals. Additionally, we own a partially completed plant in Goodland, Kansas (the “Goodland Plant”) through our subsidiary Goodland Advanced Fuels, Inc., (“GAFI”), which was formed to acquire the Goodland Plant. On December 31, 2019 we exercised an option to acquire all capital stock of GAFI for $10 and consolidated assets, liabilities, and equity of GAFI as a wholly-owned subsidiary from December 31, 2019. Prior to December 31, 2019, GAFI activity is shown as non-controlling interest in the consolidated statements of operations.
We also lease a site in Riverbank, California, near the Keyes Plant, where we plan to utilize biomass-to-fuel technology that we have licensed from LanzaTech Technology (“LanzaTech”) and InEnTec Technology (“InEnTec”) to build a cellulosic ethanol production facility (the “Riverbank Cellulosic Ethanol Facility”) capable of converting local California surplus biomass – principally agricultural orchard waste – into ultra-low carbon renewable cellulosic ethanol (the “Riverbank Project”). By producing ultra-low carbon renewable cellulosic ethanol, we expect to capture higher value D3 cellulosic renewable identification numbers (“RINs”) and California Low Carbon Fuel Standard (“LCFS”) credits.
In December 2018, we acquired a 5.2-acre parcel of land for the construction of a gas-to-liquid CO2 production facility by Messer. Aemetis sells carbon dioxide (“CO2”) produced at the Keyes Plant (the “CO2 Project”) to Messer for conversion and sale into the food processing, beverage, and technology sectors. The Aemetis portion of the CO2 Project construction was completed in January 2020, and Messer completed construction on their portion in April 2020. We commenced operations in late April 2020, and started recognizing revenue from this project in the second quarter of 2020.
In 2018, we formed Aemetis Biogas, LLC (“ABGL”) to construct a cluster of anaerobic biogas digesters at local dairies near the Keyes Plant (the “Biogas Project”) to produce ultra-low carbon renewable natural gas (“RNG”) for use as transportation fuel. Construction of the first two dairy digesters and pipeline in the cluster were completed and commissioned during the third quarter of 2020. ABGL has signed participation agreements or fully executed leases with 17 local dairies near the Keyes Plant to build anerobic digesters to capture methane gas from manure lagoons at such dairies, which would otherwise be released into the atmosphere. We plan to capture methane-rich biogas from multiple dairies and convey the gas via a private underground pipeline to a centralized location at our Keyes Plant, where we will remove impurities in the gas and convert it into RNG for any number of applications including injecting into the local utility pipeline operated by PG&E, operating a renewable compressed natural gas (“RCNG”) truck loading station that will service local trucking fleets to displace diesel fuel, or converting to clean electricity. The biogas can also be used as energy in our Keyes Plant to displace petroleum-based natural gas. We believe the environmental and economic benefits of the Biogas Project are potentially significant due to dairy biogas having a negative carbon intensity (“CI”) under the California LCFS. The biogas produced by ABGL is expected to also receive D3 RINs under the federal Renewable Fuel Standard (“RFS”).
8
On March 18, 2020, in order to address a supply shortage of hand sanitizer during the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, the US Treasury Tobacco and Alcohol Tax and Trade Bureau (“TTB”) provided emergency waivers allowing fuel ethanol plants to produce high-grade alcohol for use in the production of hand sanitizer. Concurrently, during the first week of April 2020, Aemetis applied for and was approved by the TTB as a Distilled Spirits Producer (“DSP”), which would allow the Company to produce, in addition to fuel ethanol, high-grade alcohol for sanitizer and other health care and sanitary products, as well as industrial alcohol and potable alcohol for beverage spirits once the temporary waiver period expires.
Accordingly, Aemetis began supplying high-grade alcohol for the production of hand sanitizer. Aemetis has also implemented a series of capital projects at the Keyes facility that will ultimately enable the production of US Pharmacopeia (“USP”) grade alcohol for sale into these key consumer and industrial markets. During June 2020, Aemetis renamed Biofuels Marketing, Inc. as Aemetis Health Products, Inc., and began a sales and marketing strategy of blending, bottling and selling hand sanitizer into bulk, retail branded, and white label markets. Additionally, Aemetis Health Products, Inc. is developing sales and marketing channels for other personal protective equipment, where and when those opportunites arise.
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation. These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aemetis. Additionally, we consolidate all entities in which we have a controlling financial interest either directly or by option to acquire the interest. A controlling financial interest is usually obtained through ownership of a majority of the voting interests. However, an enterprise must consolidate a variable interest entity (“VIE”) if the enterprise is the primary beneficiary of the VIE, even if the enterprise does not own a majority of the voting interests. The primary beneficiary is the party that has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Prior to December 31, 2019, GAFI was consolidated into the financial statements as a VIE. On December 31, 2019, we exercised an option to acquire all capital stock of GAFI for $10 and consolidated assets, liabilities, and equity of GAFI into the accounts of Aemetis from December 31, 2019 forward.
The accompanying consolidated condensed balance sheet as of September 30, 2020, the consolidated condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the consolidated condensed statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, and the consolidated condensed statements of stockholders’ deficit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are unaudited. The consolidated condensed balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 was derived from the 2019 audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. The consolidated condensed financial statements in this report should be read in conjunction with the 2019 audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The accompanying consolidated condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations.
In the opinion of Company’s management, the unaudited interim consolidated condensed financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated statements as of December 31, 2019 and reflect all adjustments, consisting primarily of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of its statement of financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for any subsequent quarter, for the full fiscal year or any future periods.
9
Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, revenues, and expenses during the reporting period. To the extent there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s consolidated financial statements will be affected.
Revenue Recognition. We derive revenue primarily from sales of ethanol, high-grade alcohol and related co-products in North America, and biodiesel and refined glycerin in India pursuant to supply agreements and purchase order contracts. We assessed the following criteria under the ASC 606 guidance: (i) identify the contracts with customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations, and (v) recognize revenue when the entity satisfies the performance obligations.
North America: In North America, until May 13, 2020, we sold all our ethanol to J.D. Heiskell & Co. (“J.D. Heiskell”) under the Working Capital and Purchasing Agreement (the “J.D. Heiskell Purchasing Agreement”). On May 13, 2020, we entered into an amendment to the Corn Procurement and Working Capital Agreement with J.D. Heiskell (the “Corn Procurement and Working Capital”), under the terms of which we will buy all corn from J.D.Heiskell and sell all WDG and corn oil we produce to J.D.Heiskell. Following May 13, 2020, we sold the majority of our fuel ethanol production to one customer, Kinergy Marketing, LLC (“Kinergy”), under a supply contract, with individual sales transactions occurring under such contract. Given the similarity of these transactions, we have assessed them as a portfolio of similar contracts. The performance obligation is satisfied by delivery of the physical product to one of Kinergy’s contracted trucking companies. Upon delivery, the customer has the ability to direct the use of the product and receive substantially all of its benefits. The transaction price is determined based on daily market prices negotiated by Kinergy for ethanol and by our marketing partner A.L. Gilbert Company (“A.L. Gilbert”) for WDG. There is no transaction price allocation needed.
During the first quarter of 2020, Aemetis began selling high-grade alcohol for consumer applications directly to customers on the West Coast and Midwest using a variety of payment terms. These agreements and terms were evaluated according to ASC 606 guidance and such revenue is recognized upon satisfaction of the performance obligation by delivery of the product based on the terms of the agreement. Sales of high-grade alcohol represented 2% and 18% of revenue for three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.
The below table shows our sales in North America by product category:

North America (in thousands) |  |  |
| For the three months ended September 30, | For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019
Ethanol and high-grade alcohol sales | $24,825 | $27,456 | $86,387 | $84,453
Wet distiller's grains sales | 7,143 | 8,783 | 22,983 | 26,119
Other sales | 1,163 | 1,581 | 4,856 | 3,370
| $33,131 | $37,820 | $114,226 | $113,942

We have elected to adopt the practical expedient that allows for ignoring the significant financing component of a contract when estimating the transaction price when the transfer of promised goods to the customer and customer payment for such goods are expected to be within one year of contract inception. Further, we have elected to adopt the practical expedient in which incremental costs of obtaining a contract are expensed when the amortization period would otherwise be less than one year.
10
We also assessed principal versus agent criteria as we buy our feedstock from our customers and process and sell finished goods to those customers in certain contractual agreements.
In North America, we assessed principal versus agent criteria as we buy corn as feedstock in producing ethanol from our working capital partner J.D. Heiskell and sell all WDG and corn oil produced in this process to J.D. Heiskell through A.L. Gilbert. We sold all ethanol we produced to J.D.Heiskell until May 13, 2020. We consider the purchase of corn as a cost of goods sold and the sale of ethanol upon transfer to the common carrier as revenue on the basis that (i) we control and bear the risk of gain or loss on the processing of corn which is purchased at market prices into ethanol and (ii) we have legal title to the goods during the processing time. The pricing for both corn and ethanol is set independently. Revenues from sales of ethanol and its co-products are billed net of the related transportation and marketing charges. Transportation charges are accounted for in cost of goods sold and marketing charges are accounted for in sales, general and administrative expense. Transportation and marketing charges are known within days of the transaction and are recorded at the actual amounts. The Company has elected to adopt an accounting policy under which these charges have been treated as fulfillment activities provided after control has transferred. As a result, these charges are recognized in cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively, when revenue is recognized. Revenues are recorded at the gross invoiced amount. Hence, we are the principal in North America sales scenarios where our customer and vendor may be the same.
India: In India, we sell products pursuant to purchase orders (written or verbal) or by contract with governmental or international parties, in which performance is satisfied by delivery and acceptance of the physical product. Given that the contracts are sufficiently similar in nature, we have assessed these contracts as a portfolio of similar contracts as allowed under the practical expedient. Doing so does not result in a materially different outcome compared to individually accounting for each contract. All domestic and international deliveries are subject to certain specifications as identified in contracts. The transaction price is determined daily based on reference market prices for biodiesel, refined glycerin, and Palm Fatty Acid Distillers (“PFAD”) net of taxes. There is no transaction price allocation needed.
The below table shows our sales in India by product category:

India (in thousands) |  |  |  |
| For the three months ended September 30, | For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019
Biodiesel sales | $7,325 | $17,057 | $12,267 | $32,201
Refined glycerin sales | 449 | 951 | 909 | 2,186
PFAD sales | - | - | 774 | -
Other sales | 18 | 1,561 | 51 | 1,567
| $7,792 | $19,569 | $14,001 | $35,954

In India, we also assessed principal versus agent criteria as we buy our feedstock from our customers and process and sell finished goods to those same customers in certain contractual agreements. In those cases, we receive the legal title to feedstock from our customers once it is on our premises. We control the processing and production of biodiesel based on contract terms and specifications. The pricing for both feedstock and biodiesel is set independently. We hold the title and risk to biodiesel according to agreements we enter into in these situations. Hence, we are the principal in India sales scenarios where our customer and vendor may be the same.
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Cost of Goods Sold. Cost of goods sold includes those costs directly associated with the production of revenues, such as raw material consumed, factory overhead and other direct production costs. During periods of idle plant capacity, costs otherwise charged to cost of goods sold are reclassified to selling, general and administrative expense.
Accounts Receivable. The Company sells ethanol and WDG through third-party marketing arrangements generally without requiring collateral and high-grade alcohol directly to customers on a variety of terms including advanced payment terms, based on the size and creditworthiness of the customer. DCO is marketed and sold to A.L. Gilbert and other customers under the J.D. Heiskell Purchasing Agreement. The Company sells CDS directly to customers on standard 30 day payment terms. The Company sells biodiesel, glycerin, and processed natural oils to a variety of customers and may require advanced payment based on the size and creditworthiness of the customer. Usually, invoices are due within 30 days on net terms. Accounts receivables consist of product sales made to large creditworthy customers. Trade accounts receivable are presented at original invoice amount, net of any allowance for doubtful accounts.
The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for balances that appear to have specific collection issues. The collection process is based on the age of the invoice and requires attempted contacts with the customer at specified intervals. If, after a specified number of days, the Company has been unsuccessful in its collection efforts, a bad debt allowance is recorded for the balance in question. Delinquent accounts receivables are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts once un-collectability has been determined. The factors considered in reaching this determination are the apparent financial condition of the customer and the Company’s success in contacting and negotiating with the customer. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, additional allowances may be required. We reserved $647 thousand and none in the allowances for doubtful accounts as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Notes Receivable. During the third quarter, the India subsidiary provided an interest bearing short-term note, with an interest rate of 12% per annum, to a working capital partner. The balance was recorded on the balance sheet under notes receivable for $3.7 million as of September 30, 2020.
Inventories. Finished goods, raw materials, and work-in-process inventories are valued using methods which approximate the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value (“NRV”). Distillers’ grains and related products are stated at NRV. In the valuation of inventories, NRV is determined as estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation.
Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation after assets are placed in service and are comprised primarily of buildings, furniture, machinery, equipment, land, and the Keyes Plant, Goodland Plant and Kakinada Plant. The Goodland Plant is partially completed and is not ready for operation. The first two dairy digesters and pipeline in the Biogas Project were completed, commissioned and began to be depreciated during the third quarter of 2020. The CO2 Project was completed and commenced operations in the second quarter of 2020. Accordingly, any assets under the CO2 Project began being depreciated starting in May 2020. It is the Company’s policy to depreciate capital assets over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method.
The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets with finite lives in accordance with ASC Subtopic 360-10-35 Property Plant and Equipment—Subsequent Measurements, which requires recognition of impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. When events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable, based on estimated undiscounted cash flows, the impairment loss would be measured as the difference between the carrying amount of the assets and its estimated fair value. Additionally, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was assessed, and based upon this assessment, there is no impairment of assets needed.
California Energy Commission Technology Demonstration Grant. The Company has been awarded and completed the demonstration project associated with the $825 thousand matching grant program from the California Energy Commission (“CEC”) Natural Resources Agency to optimize the effectiveness of technologies to break down biomass to produce cellulosic ethanol. The Company has received all of the awarded grant proceeds as of September 30, 2020. The project focused on the deconstruction and conversion of sugars liberated from California-relevant feedstocks and then converting the sugars to ethanol. The Company receives these funds as reimbursement for actual expenses incurred. Due to the uncertainty associated with the expense approval process under the grant program, the Company recognizes the grant as a reduction of the expenses in the period when approval is received.
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California Department of Food and Agriculture Dairy Digester Research and Development Grant. The Company has been awarded $3.2 million in matching grants from the California Department of Food and Agriculture (“CDFA”) Dairy Digester Research and Development program. The CDFA grant reimburses the Company for costs required to permit and construct two of the Company’s biogas capture systems under contract with central California dairies. The Company received $2.7 million as of September 30, 2020 as reimbursement for actual costs incurred. Due to the uncertainty associated with the approval process under the grant program, the Company recognizes the grant as a reduction of the costs in the period when approval is received.
California Energy Commission Low Carbon Advanced Ethanol Grant Program. In May 2019, the Company was awarded the right to receive reimbursements from the CEC in an amount up to $5.0 million (the “CEC Reimbursement Program”) in connection with the Company’s expenditures toward the development of the Riverbank Cellulosic Ethanol Facility. To comply with the guidelines of the CEC Reimbursement Program, the Company must make a minimum of $7.9 million in matching contributions to the Riverbank Project. The Company receives the CEC funds under the CEC Reimbursement Program for actual expenses incurred up to $5.0 million as long as the Company makes the minimum matching contribution. Given that the Company has not made the minimum matching contribution, the grant for reimbursement of capital expenditures of $256 thousand received during the third quarter of 2020 and of $1.36 million received during the third quarter of 2019 were recorded as other long term liabilities as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share. Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share reflects the dilution of common stock equivalents such as options, convertible preferred stock, debt, and warrants to the extent the impact is dilutive. As the Company incurred net losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the diluted net loss per share computations as their effect would be anti-dilutive.
The following table shows the number of potentially dilutive shares excluded from the diluted net loss per share calculation as of September 30, 2020 and 2019:

| As of
| September 30, 2020 | September 30, 2019
Series B preferred (post split basis) | 132 | 132
Common stock options and warrants | 5,846 | 3,910
Debt with conversion feature at $30 per share of common stock | 1,294 | 1,255
Total number of potentially dilutive shares excluded from the diluted net income (loss) per share calculation | 7,272 | 5,297

Comprehensive Loss. ASC 220 Comprehensive Income requires that an enterprise report, by major components and as a single total, the change in its net assets from non-owner sources. The Company’s other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive loss consists solely of cumulative currency translation adjustments resulting from the translation of the financial statements of its foreign subsidiary.
Foreign Currency Translation/Transactions. Assets and liabilities of the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiary that operates in a local currency environment, where that local currency is the functional currency, are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and the resulting translation adjustments directly recorded to a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Income and expense accounts are translated at average exchange rates during the year. Transactional gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are recorded in other (income) loss, net.
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Operating Segments. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Aemetis recognized two reportable geographic segments: “North America” and “India.”
The “North America” operating segment includes the Keyes Plant, the Riverbank Cellulosic Ethanol Facility, the Biogas Project, the Goodland Plant and the research and development facility in Minnesota.
The “India” operating segment includes the Company’s 50 million gallon per year capacity Kakinada Plant in India, the administrative offices in Hyderabad, India, and the holding companies in Nevada and Mauritius.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments. Financial instruments include accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, current and non-current portion of subordinated debt, notes payable, and long-term debt. Due to the unique terms of our notes payable and long-term debt and the financial condition of the Company, the fair value of the debt is not readily determinable. The fair value, determined using level 3 inputs, of all other current financial instruments is estimated to approximate carrying value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
Share-Based Compensation. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense in accordance with ASC 718 Stock Compensation requiring the Company to recognize expenses related to the estimated fair value of the Company’s share-based compensation awards at the time the awards are granted, adjusted to reflect only those shares that are expected to vest.
Commitments and Contingencies. The Company records and/or discloses commitments and contingencies in accordance with ASC 450 Contingencies. ASC 450 applies to an existing condition, situation or set of circumstances involving uncertainty as to possible loss that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur.
Debt Modification Accounting. The Company evaluates amendments to its debt in accordance with ASC 470-50 Debt–Modification and Extinguishments for modification and extinguishment accounting. This evaluation includes comparing the net present value of cash flows of the new debt to the old debt to determine if changes greater than 10 percent occurred. In instances where the net present value of future cash flows changed more than 10 percent, the Company applies extinguishment accounting and determines the fair value of its debt based on factors available to the Company.
We have evaluated the 1% extension fee for extending the maturity date of the Third Eye Capital Notes to April 1, 2021 and Amendment No. 17 providing an option to extend to April 1, 2022 and certain waivers for financial covenants, in accordance with ASC 470-60 Troubled Debt Restructuring. For additional information regarding the 1% extension fee and Amendment No. 17, please see “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 4. Debt.”
Convertible Instruments. The Company evaluates the impacts of convertible instruments based on the underlying conversion features. Convertible instruments are evaluated for treatment as derivatives that could be bifurcated and recorded separately. Any beneficial conversion feature is recorded based on the intrinsic value difference at the commitment date.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements.
For a complete summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies, please refer to the Company’s audited financial statements and notes thereto for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 12, 2020. There were no new accounting pronouncements issued applicable to the Company during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.
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2. Inventories
Inventories consist of the following:

| As of
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019
Raw materials | $1,678 | $2,566
Work-in-progress | 1,365 | 1,455
Finished goods | 1,773 | 2,497
Total inventories | $4,816 | $6,518

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company recognized a lower of cost or net realizable value impairment of $0.3 and $0.1 million respectively, related to inventory.
3. Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:

| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019
Land | $4,088 | $4,104
Plant and buildings | 96,089 | 83,139
Furniture and fixtures | 1,166 | 1,094
Machinery and equipment | 4,389 | 4,252
Construction in progress | 18,612 | 12,571
Property held for development | 15,408 | 15,408
Finance lease right of use assets | 2,988 | -
Total gross property, plant & equipment | 142,740 | 120,568
Less accumulated depreciation | (39,690) | (36,342)
Total net property, plant & equipment | $103,050 | $84,226

Construction in progress contains incurred costs for the Biogas Project, Riverbank Project, and Zebrex equipment installation at the Keyes Plant. In the second quarter of 2020, CO 2 Project commenced operations and was placed in service at that time. In the third quarter of 2020, two diary digesters commenced operations and were placed in service at that time. Depreciation on the components of property, plant and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their depreciable amounts over their estimated useful lives as follows:

| Years
Plant and buildings | 20 - 30
Machinery and equipment | 5 - 10
Furniture and fixtures | 3 - 5

For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded depreciation expense of $1.3 million and $1.1 million for each period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded depreciation expense of $3.5 million and $3.3 million, respectively.
Management is required to evaluate these long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Management determined there was no impairment on the long-lived assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
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4. Debt
Debt consists of the notes from our senior lender, Third Eye Capital, other working capital lenders and subordinated lenders as follows:

| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019
Third Eye Capital term notes | $7,039 | $7,024
Third Eye Capital revolving credit facility | 75,605 | 62,869
Third Eye Capital revenue participation term notes | 11,824 | 11,794
Third Eye Capital acquisition term notes | 26,313 | 25,518
Third Eye Capital promissory note | 1,840 | 2,815
Cilion shareholder seller notes payable | 6,236 | 6,124
Subordinated notes | 12,315 | 11,502
Term loan on Equipment purchase | 5,652 | -
EB-5 promissory notes | 42,965 | 41,932
PPP loans | 1,134 | -
Unsecured working capital loans | 2,540 | 2,631
GAFI Term and Revolving loans | 32,883 | 30,216
Total debt | 226,346 | 202,425
Less current portion of debt | 59,336 | 22,740
Total long term debt | $167,010 | $179,685

On July 6, 2012, Aemetis, Inc. and Aemetis Advanced Fuels Keyes, Inc. (“AAFK”), entered into an Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement with Third Eye Capital (the “Note Purchase Agreement”). Pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement, Third Eye Capital extended credit in the form of (i) senior secured term loans in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $7.2 million to replace existing notes held by Third Eye Capital (the “Term Notes”); (ii) senior secured revolving loans in an aggregate principal amount of $18.0 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”); (iii) senior secured term loans in the principal amount of $10.0 million to convert the prior revenue participation agreement to a note (the “Revenue Participation Term Notes”); and (iv) senior secured term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million (the “Acquisition Term Notes”) used to fund the cash portion of the acquisition of Cilion, Inc. (the Term Notes, Revolving Credit Facility, Revenue Participation Term Notes and Acquisition Term Notes are referred to herein collectively as the “Original Third Eye Capital Notes”).
On March 27, 2018, Third Eye Capital agreed to Limited Waiver and Amendment No. 14 to the Note Purchase Agreement (“Amendment No. 14”) to: (i) extend the maturity date of the Third Eye Capital Notes by two years to April 1, 2020 in exchange for an amendment fee consisting of 6% (3% per year) of the outstanding note balance in the form of an increase in the fee payable in the event of a redemption of the Third Eye Capital Notes (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement); (ii) provide that the maturity date may be further extended at our election to April 1, 2021 in exchange for an extension fee of 5%; (iii) provide for an optional waiver of the ratio of note indebtedness covenant until January 1, 2019 with the payment of a waiver fee of $0.25 million; and (iv) remove the redemption fee described in (i) above from the calculation of the ratio of note indebtedness covenant. In addition to the fee discussed in (i), as consideration for such amendment and waiver, the borrowers also agreed to pay Third Eye Capital an amendment and waiver fee of $0.5 million to be added to the outstanding principal balance of the Revolving Credit Facility.
On March 11, 2019, Third Eye Capital agreed to Limited Waiver and Amendment No. 15 to the Note Purchase Agreement (“Amendment No. 15”), to waive the ratio of note indebtedness covenant through December 31, 2019. As a consideration for this amendment, the Company also agreed to pay Third Eye Capital an amendment fee of $1.0 million to be added to the redemption fee which is due upon redemption of the Notes.
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On November 11, 2019, Third Eye Capital agreed to Limited Waiver and Amendment No. 16 to the Note Purchase Agreement (“Amendment No. 16”), to waive the ratio of note indebtedness covenant for the quarters ended March 31, 2020, September 30, 2020, September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2020. As a consideration for this amendment, the Company also agreed to pay Third Eye Capital an amendment fee of $0.5 million to be added to the redemption fee which is due upon redemption of the Notes.
Based on Amendment No. 16, the ratio of note indebtedness covenant is waived for the quarters ended September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2020. Based on the Amendment No. 17, the ratio of note indebtedness covenant is waived for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2021. On November 5, 2020, Third Eye Capital agreed to Amendment No. 18 to waive the ratio of note indebtedness covenant for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 for a fee of $50 thousand. According to ASC 470-10-45 debt covenant classification guidance, if it is probable that the Company will not be able to cure the default at measurement dates within the next 12 months, the related debt needs to be classified as current. As the Amendment No. 16 , Amendment No. 17, and Amendment No.18 waived the ratio of the note indebtedness covenant over the next four quarters, the notes are classified as long-term debt.
On February 27, 2019, a Promissory Note (the “February 2019 Note”, together with the Original Third Eye Capital Notes, the “Third Eye Capital Notes”) for $2.1 million was advanced by Third Eye Capital to Aemetis, Inc., as a short-term credit facility for working capital and other general corporate purposes with an interest rate of 14% per annum maturing on the earlier of (a) receipt of proceeds from any financing, refinancing, or other similar transaction, (b) extension of credit by payee, as lender or as agent on behalf of certain lenders, to the Company or its affiliates, or (c) April 30, 2019. In consideration of the February 2019 Note, $0.1 million of the total proceeds were paid to Third Eye Capital as financing charges. On April 30, 2019, the February 2019 Note was modified to remove the stated maturity date and instead will be due on demand by Third Eye Capital. In third quarter of 2019, the February 2019 Note was modified to include additional borrowings of $0.7 million. In first quarter of 2020, the February 2019 Note was modified to include additional borrowings of $0.6 million. As of September 30, 2020, the outstanding balance of principal and interest on the February 2019 Note was $1.8 million.
On April 1, 2020, the Company exercised the option to extend the maturity of Third Eye Capital Notes to April 1, 2021 for a fee of 1% of the outstanding note balance instead of agreed fee of 5% in the Amendment No.14. We have evaluated the reduction in extension fee to 1% in accordance with ASC 470-60 Troubled Debt Restructuring. According to the guidance, we considered the 1% extension fee to be a troubled debt restructuring. We assessed all the terms to confirm if there is a concession granted by the creditor. The maturity date of the Third Eye Capital Notes was extended to April 1, 2021 for a 1% fee, which was lower than the extension fee of 5% provided by Amendment No. 14 for a one-year extension. On August 11, 2020, Third Eye Capital agreed to Limited Waiver and Amendment No. 17 to the Note Purchase Agreement (“Amendment No. 17”), to (i) provide that the maturity date of the Third Eye Capital Notes may be further extended at our election to April 1, 2022 in exchange for an extension fee equal to 1% of the Note Indebtedness in respect to each Note, provided that such fee may be added to the outstanding principal balance of each Note on the effective date of each such extension, (ii) provide for a waiver of the ratio of note indebtedness covenant for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2021. As consideration for such amendment and waivers, the borrowers also agreed to pay Third Eye Capital an amendment and waiver fee of $0.3 million in cash (the “Amendment No. 17 Fee”). We have evaluated the 1% extension fee and Amendment No. 17 in accordance with ASC 470-60 Troubled Debt Restructuring. According to the guidance, we considered 1% extension and Amendment No.17 Fee to be a troubled debt restructuring. In order to assess whether the creditor granted a concession, we calculated the post-restructuring effective interest rate by projecting cash flows on the new terms and calculated a discount rate equal to the carrying amount of pre-restructuring of debt, and by comparing this calculation to the terms of Amendment No. 15, we determined that Third Eye Capital provided a concession in accordance with the provisions of ASC 470-60 Troubled Debt Restructuring and thus applied troubled debt restructuring accounting, resulting in no gain or loss from the application of this accounting. Using the effective interest method of amortization, the 1% extension fee of $1.0 million and the Amendment No. 17 Fee of $0.3 million will be amortized over the stated remaining life of the Third Eye Capital Notes.
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Terms of Third Eye Capital Notes
A.
Term Notes. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had $7.0 million outstanding under the Term Notes net of $53 thousand unamortized discount issuance costs. The Term Notes accrue interest at 14% per annum and mature on April 1, 2021*.
B.
Revolving Credit Facility. The Revolving Credit Facility accrues interest at the prime rate plus 13.75% (17.00% as of September 30, 2020), payable monthly in arrears. The Revolving Credit Facility matures on April 1, 2021*. As of September 30, 2020, AAFK had $75.6 million outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility net of $0.5 million unamortized discount issuance costs.
C.
Revenue Participation Term Notes. The Revenue Participation Term Note bears interest at 5% per annum and matures on April 1, 2021*. As of September 30, 2020, AAFK had $11.8 million outstanding on the Revenue Participation Term Notes net of $87 thousand unamortized discount issuance costs.
D.
Acquisition Term Notes. The Acquisition Term Notes accrue interest at the prime rate plus 10.75% (14.00% per annum as of September 30, 2020) and mature on April 1, 2021*. As of September 30, 2020, Aemetis Facility Keyes, Inc. had $26.3 million outstanding net of unamortized discount issuances costs of $0.1 million. The outstanding balance includes a total of $7.5 million in non-interest bearing redemption fees.
E.
Reserve Liquidity Notes. The Reserve Liquidity Notes, with available borrowing capacity in the amount of $18.0 million, accrue interest at the rate of 30% per annum and are due and payable upon the earlier of: (i) the closing of new debt or equity financings, (ii) receipt from any sale, merger, debt or equity financing, or (iii) April 1, 2021. We have no borrowings outstanding under the Reserve Liquidity Notes as of September 30, 2020.
The Third Eye Capital Notes contain various covenants, including but not limited to, debt to plant value ratio, minimum production requirements, and restrictions on capital expenditures. The terms of the Third Eye Capital Notes allow the lender to accelerate the maturity in the occurrence of any event that could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect, such as any change in the business, operations, or financial condition. The terms of the notes allow interest to be capitalized.
The Third Eye Capital Notes are secured by first priority liens on all real and personal property of, and assignment of proceeds from all government grants and guarantees from the Company's North American subsidiaries. The Third Eye Capital Notes all contain cross-collateral and cross-default provisions. McAfee Capital, LLC (“McAfee Capital”), owned by Eric McAfee, the Company’s Chairman and CEO, provided a guaranty of payment and performance secured by all of its Company shares. In addition, Eric McAfee provided a blanket lien on substantially all of his personal assets, and McAfee Capital provided a guarantee in the amount of $8.0 million.
*The note maturity date can be extended by the Company to April 2022. As a condition to any such extension, the Company would be required to pay a fee of 1% of the carrying value of the debt which can be paid in cash or added to the outstanding debt. As a result of this ability to extend the maturity at the Company’s will, the Third Eye Capital Notes are classified as non-current debt.
Cilion shareholder seller notes payable. In connection with the Company’s merger with Cilion, Inc., (“Cilion”) on July 6, 2012, the Company issued $5.0 million in notes payable to Cilion shareholders as merger compensation subordinated to the senior secured Third Eye Capital Notes. The liability bears interest at 3% per annum and is due and payable after the Third Eye Capital Notes have been paid in full. As of September 30, 2020, Aemetis Facility Keyes, Inc. had $6.2 million outstanding under the Cilion shareholder seller notes payable.
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Subordinated Notes. On January 6 and January 9, 2012, AAFK entered into Note and Warrant Purchase Agreements with two accredited investors (the “Note and Warrant Purchase Agreements”) pursuant to which it issued $0.9 million and $2.5 million in original notes to the investors (the “Subordinated Notes”). The Subordinated Notes mature every six months. Upon maturity, the Subordinated Notes are generally extended with a fee of 10% added to the balance outstanding plus issuance of warrants exercisable at $0.01 with a two-year term. Interest accrues at 10% and is due at maturity. Neither AAFK nor Aemetis may make any principal payments under the Subordinated Notes until all loans made by Third Eye Capital to AAFK are paid in full.
On July 1, 2020, the Subordinated Notes were amended to extend the maturity date until the earlier of (i) December 31, 2020; (ii) completion of an equity financing by AAFK or Aemetis in an amount of not less than $25.0 million; or (iii) after the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined in the Note and Warrant Purchase Agreements), including failure to pay interest or principal when due and breaches of note covenants. A 10% cash extension fee was paid by adding the fee to the balance of the new note and warrants to purchase 113 thousand shares of common stock were granted with a term of two years and an exercise price of $0.01 per share. We evaluated the July 1, 2020 amendment and the refinancing terms of the Subordinated Notes and applied modification accounting in accordance with ASC 470-50 Debt – Modification and Extinguishment.
At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had, in aggregate, $12.3 million and $11.5 million outstanding net of discount issuance costs of $0.2 million and none, respectively, under the Subordinated Notes.
EB-5 promissory notes. EB-5 is a U.S. government program authorized by the Immigration and Nationality Act designed to foster employment-based visa preference for immigrant investors to encourage the flow of capital into the U.S. economy and to promote employment of U.S. workers. The Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement dated March 4, 2011 (as further amended on January 19, 2012 and July 24, 2012) with Advanced BioEnergy, LP, a California limited partnership authorized as a Regional Center to receive EB-5 investments, for the issuance of up to 72 subordinated convertible promissory notes (the “EB-5 Notes”) bearing interest at 2-3%. Each note was issued in the principal amount of $0.5 million and due and payable four years from the date of each note, for a total aggregate principal amount of up to $36.0 million (the “EB-5 Phase I funding”). The original maturity date on the promissory notes can be extended automatically for a one or two-year period initially and is eligible for further one-year automatic extensions as long as there is no notice of non-extension from investors and the investors’ immigration process is in progress. On February 27, 2019, Advanced BioEnergy, LP, and the Company entered into an Amendment to the EB-5 Notes which restated the original maturity date on the promissory notes with automatic six-month extensions as long as the investors’ immigration processes are in progress. Except for six early investor EB-5 Notes, the Company was granted 12 months from the date of the completion of immigration process to redeem these EB-5 Notes. Accordingly, the notes have been recognized as long-term debt while the five early investor notes and one investor who obtained the Green Card approval have been classified as current debt. The EB-5 Notes are convertible after three years at a conversion price of $30 per share.
Advanced BioEnergy, LP arranges investments with foreign investors, who each make loans to the Keyes Plant in increments of $0.5 million. The Company has sold an aggregate principal amount of $36.0 million of EB-5 Notes under the EB-5 Phase I funding since 2012 to the date of this filing. As of September 30, 2020, $35.5 million has been released from the escrow amount to the Company, with $0.5 million remaining to be funded to escrow. As of September 30, 2020, $35.5 million in principal and $3.3 million in accrued interest was outstanding on the EB-5 Notes sold under the EB-5 Phase I funding.
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On October 16, 2016, the Company launched its EB-5 Phase II funding, with plans to issue $50.0 million in additional EB-5 Notes on substantially similar terms and conditions as those issued under the Company’s EB-5 Phase I funding, to refinance indebtedness and capital expenditures of Aemetis, Inc. and GAFI (the “EB-5 Phase II funding”). On November 21, 2019, the minimum investment was raised from $0.5 million per investor to $0.9 million per investor. The Company entered into a Note Purchase Agreement dated with Advanced BioEnergy II, LP, a California limited partnership authorized as a Regional Center to receive EB-5 Phase II funding investments, for the issuance of up to 100 EB-5 Notes bearing interest at 3%. On May 1, 2020 Supplement No. 3 amended the offering documents and lowered the total eligible new EB-5 Phase II funding investors to 60. Eight EB-5 investors have funded at the $0.5 million per investor amount, so 52 new EB-5 Phase II funding investors are eligible at the new $0.9 million per investor amount under the current offering. Job creation studies show additional investors may be possible to increase the total offering amount in the future. Each new note will be issued in the principal amount of $0.9 million and due and payable five years from the date of each note, for a total aggregate principal amount of up to $50.8 million.
Advanced BioEnergy II, LP arranges investments with foreign investors, who each make loans to the Riverbank Cellulosic Ethanol Facility in increments of $0.9 million after November 21, 2019. The Company has sold an aggregate principal amount of $4.0 million of EB-5 Notes under the EB-5 Phase II funding since 2016 to the date of this filing. As of September 30, 2020, $4.0 million has been released from escrow to the Company and $46.8 million remains to be funded to escrow. As of September 30, 2020, $4.2 million was outstanding on the EB-5 Notes under the EB-5 Phase II funding.
Working capital loans. On April 16, 2017, the Company entered into an operating agreement with Gemini Edibles and Fats India Private Limited (“Gemini”). Under this agreement, Gemini agreed to provide the Company with working capital, on an as needed basis, to fund the purchase of feedstock and other raw materials for the Kakinada Plant. Working capital cash advances bear interest at 12% and working capital can be induced through trading of feedstock or finished goods by Gemini which does not have any interest accrual. In return, the Company agreed to pay Gemini an amount equal to 30% of the plant’s monthly net operating profit and recognized these as operational support charges in the financials. In the event that the Company’s biodiesel facility operates at a loss, Gemini owes the Company 30% of the losses as operational support charges. Either party can terminate the agreement at any time without penalty. Additionally, Gemini received a first priority lien on the assets of the Kakinada Plant. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we have accrued no interest on Gemini balance as the investment was for feedstock purchase and finished goods trade. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company made principal payments to Gemini of approximately $8.5 million and $35.6 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had none and $2.0 million outstanding under this agreement, respectively.
In November 2008, the Company entered into an operating agreement with Secunderabad Oils Limited (“Secunderabad Oils”). On July 15, 2017, the agreement with Secunderabad Oils was amended to provide the working capital funds for British Petroleum business operations only in the form of inter-corporate deposit for an amount of approximately $2.3 million over a 95 days period at the rate of 14.75% per annum interest rate. The term of the agreement continues until either party terminates it. Secunderabad Oils has a second priority lien on the assets of the Company’s Kakinada Plant after this agreement. On April 15, 2018, the agreement was amended to purchase the raw material for business operations at 12% per annum interest rate. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company made principal and interest payments to Secunderabad Oils of approximately $0.9 million and $0.5 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had $2.5 million and $0.6 million outstanding under this agreement, respectively.
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GAFI Term loan and Revolving loan. On July 10, 2017, GAFI entered into a Note Purchase Agreement (“GAFI Note Purchase Agreement”) with Third Eye Capital (“Noteholders”). Pursuant to the GAFI Note Purchase Agreement, the Noteholders agreed, subject to the terms and conditions of the GAFI Note Purchase Agreement and relying on each of the representations and warranties set forth therein, to make (i) a single term loan to GAFI in an aggregate amount of $15 million (“GAFI Term Loan”) and (ii) revolving advances not to exceed ten million dollars in the aggregate (“GAFI Revolving Loan”). The interest rate per annum applicable to the GAFI Term Loan is equal to ten percent (10%). The interest rate per annum applicable to the GAFI Revolving Loans is the greater of Prime Rate plus seven and three quarters percent (7.75%) and twelve percent (12.00%). The applicable interest rate as of September 30, 2020 was 12.00%. The maturity date of the GAFI Term Loan and GAFI Revolving Loan (“GAFI Loan Maturity Date”) was July 10, 2020, provided that the GAFI Loan Maturity Date may be extended at the option of Aemetis for up to one-year period upon prior written notice and upon satisfaction of certain conditions and the payment of a renewal fee for such extension. The Company exercised the option to extend the GAFI Loan Maturity Date for a fee of $0.5 million and the current GAFI Loan Maturity Date is July 10, 2021. We evaluated the extension fee and applied modification accounting in accordance with ASC 470-50 Debt – Modification and Extinguishment.
On June 28, 2018, GAFI entered into Amendment No. 1 to the GAFI Term Loan with Third Eye Capital for an additional amount of $1.5 million with a fee of $75 thousand added to the loan from Third Eye Capital at a 10% interest rate. On December 20, 2018, $1.6 million from Amendment No. 1 was repaid. Pursuant to Amendment No. 1, Aemetis, Inc. entered into a Stock Appreciation Rights Agreement to issue 1,050,000 Stock Appreciation Rights (“SARs”) to Third Eye Capital on August 23, 2018, with an exercise date of one year from the issuance date with a call option for the Company at $2.00 per share during the first 11 months of the agreement either to pay $2.1 million in cash or issue common stock worth $2.1 million based on the 30-day weighted average price of the stock on the call date, and a put option for Third Eye Capital at $1.00 per share during the 11th month of the agreement where the Company can redeem the SARs for $1.1 million in cash. In the event that none of the above options is exercised, the SARs will be automatically exercised one year from the issuance date based upon the 30-day weighted average stock price and paid in cash and cash equivalents. On July 22, 2019, Third Eye Capital exercised the put option at $1.00 per share for $1.1 million. The exercise value of the SARs of $1.1 million was added to the GAFI Term Loan and the SARs fair value liability was released.
On December 3, 2018, GAFI entered into Amendment No. 2 to the GAFI Term Loan with Third Eye Capital for an additional amount of $3.5 million from Third Eye Capital at a 10% interest rate. GAFI borrowed $1.8 million against this Amendment No. 2 with a $175 thousand fee added to the loan and $0.2 million was withheld from the $1.8 million for interest payments. $1.5 million is available to draw under GAFI Amendment No. 2 for the CO2 Project (“CO2 Term Loan”). Among other requirements, the Company is also required to make the following mandatory repayments of the CO2 Term Loan: (i) on a monthly basis, an amount equal to 75% of any payments received by the Company for CO2 produced by Messer, (ii) an amount equal to 100% of each monthly payment received by the Company for land use by Linde for CO2 plant, (iii) on a monthly basis, an amount equal to the product of: $0.01 multiplied by the number of bushels of corn grain used in the ethanol production at the Keyes Plant. Based on the mandatory payments, an amount of $1.0 million is estimated to be paid in the next 12 months and is classified as current debt as of September 30, 2020.
As of September 30, 2020, GAFI had $21.5 million net of discount issuance costs of $0.6 million outstanding on the GAFI Term Loan and $11.4 million on the GAFI Revolving Loan respectively, classified as current portion of long-term debt.
Payroll Protection Program. On May 5, 2020, certain wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company received loan proceeds of approximately $1.1 million, (“PPP Loans”) under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). The PPP, established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), provides loans to qualifying businesses for payroll expenses of the qualifying business. The PPP Loan and accrued interest are forgivable after twenty-four weeks if the borrower uses the loan proceeds for eligible purposes, including payroll, benefits, rent and utilities, and maintains its payroll levels. The amount of loan forgiveness will be reduced if the borrower terminates employees or reduces salaries during the twenty-four-week period. The Company anticipates that it will utilize the proceeds in accordance with the PPP guidelines and repay amounts that are not forgiven or utilized. In order to obtain full or partial forgiveness of the PPP Loan, the Company must request forgiveness and must provide satisfactory documentation in accordance with applicable Small Business Administration (“SBA”) guidelines.
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The PPP Loans are evidenced by promissory notes, dated May 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020 (the “Notes”), between the Company, as Borrower, and Bank of America, N.A., as Lender (the “Lender”). The interest rate on the Note is 1.00% per annum. No payments of principal or interest are due during the six-month period beginning on the funding date (the “Deferral Period”). If the SBA does not confirm forgiveness or only partly confirms forgiveness of the PPP Loans, or Borrower fails to apply for loan forgiveness, the Borrower will be obligated to repay to the Bank the total outstanding balance remaining due under the PPP Loans, including principal and interest and in such case, the Lender will establish the terms for repayment of the Loan in a separate letter to be provided to the Borrower in which the letter will set forth the loan balance, the amount of each monthly payment, the interest rate (not in excess of a fixed rate of one percent (1.00%) per annum), the term of the PPP Loans, and the maturity date, which, if not established by the Lender, shall be two (2) years from the funding date of the PPP Loans.
Scheduled debt repayments for the Company’s loan obligations follow:

Twelve months ended September 30, | Debt Repayments
2021 | $59,336
2022 | 145,530
2023 | 13,435
2024 | 5,172
2025 | 2,436
Thereafter | 1,247
Total debt | 227,156
Debt issuance costs | (810)
Total debt, net of debt issuance costs | $226,346

5. Commitments and Contingencies
Leases
We have identified assets as the corporate office, warehouse, monitoring equipment and laboratory facilities over which we have control and obtain economic benefits fully. We classified these identified assets as operating leases after assessing the terms under classification guidance. We have entered into several leases for trailers and carbon units with purchase option at the end of the term. We have concluded that it is reasonably certain that we would exercise the purchase option at the end of the term, hence the leases were classified as finance leases. All of our leases have remaining term of less than a year to 8 years.
When discount rates implicit in leases cannot be readily determined, the Company uses the applicable incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement to perform lease classification tests on lease components and measure lease liabilities and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets. The incremental borrowing rate used by the Company was based on weighted average baseline rates commensurate with the Company’s secured borrowing rate over a similar term. At each reporting period, when there is a new lease initiated, the rates established for that quarter will be used.
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The components of lease expense and sublease income follow:

| Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019
Operating lease cost |  |  |  |
Operating lease expense | $201 | $219 | $561 | $543
Short term lease expense | 75 | 18 | 104 | 71
Variable lease expense | 29 | 31 | 89 | 80
Sub lease income | - | (50) | - | (118)
Total operating lease cost | $305 | $218 | $754 | $576
Finance lease cost |  |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets | $94 | $- | $155 | $-
Interest on lease liabilities | 26 | - | 44 | -
Total finance lease cost | $120 | $- | $199 | $-

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:

| Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019
Operating cash flows used in operating leases | $131 | 185 | $448 | $517
Operating cash flows used in finance leases | 26 | - | 44 | -
Financing cash flows used in finance leases | 435 | - | $1,137 | -

Supplemental non-cash flow information related to the operating ROU asset and lease liabilities was as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

| Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019
Operating leases |  |  |  |
Accretion of the lease liability | $101 | $31 | $160 | $107
Amortization of right-of-use assets | 100 | 151 | 402 | 438

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term |
Operating leases | 7.1 years
Finance leases | 3.2 years
Weighted Average Discount Rate |
Operating leases | 13.9%
Finance leases | 5.2%

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Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

| As of
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019
Operating leases |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | $2,843 | $557
Current portion of operating lease liability | 286 | 377
Long term operating lease liability | 2,662 | 200
Total operating lease liabilities | $2,948 | $577
Finance leases |  |
Property and equipment, at cost | $2,988 | $-
Accumulated depreciation | (155) | -
Property and equipment, net | $2,833 | $-
Other current liability | 621 | -
Long term other liability | 1,270 | -
Total finance lease liabilities | $1,891 | $-

Maturities of operating and finance lease liabilities were as follows:

Twelve months ended September 30, | Operating leases | Finance leases
2021 | $666 | $704
2022 | 613 | 577
2023 | 569 | 494
2024 | 586 | 290
2025 | 603 | -
Thereafter | 1,698 | -
Total lease payments | 4,735 | 2,065
Less imputed interest | (1,787) | (174)
Total lease liability | $2,948 | $1,891

Other Commitments
The Company entered into an agreement with Mitsubishi Chemical America, Inc. to purchase certain equipment to save energy used in the Keyes Plant. We also entered into a financing agreement with the seller for $5.7 million for this equipment. Payments pursuant to the financing transaction will commence after the installation date and interest will be charged based on the certain performance metrics after operation of the equipment. The equipment was delivered in March 2020; however the installation has been delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, we recorded the asset in construction in progress and related liability in the short and long term debt of $0.7 million and $5 million, respectively as of September 30, 2020.
Property taxes
The Company entered into a payment plan with Stanislaus County for unpaid property taxes for the Keyes Plant site on June 28, 2018 by paying $1.5 million as a first payment. Under the annual payment plan, the Company was set to pay 20% of the outstanding redemption amount, in addition to the current year property taxes and any interest incurred on the unpaid balance to date annually, on or before April 10 starting in 2019. After making one payment, Company defaulted on the payment plan and as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the balance in property tax accrual was $5.4 million and $4.1 million, respectively. Stanislaus County agreed not to enforce collection actions and we are now in discussions with Stanislaus County regarding a payment plan.
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Legal Proceedings
On August 31, 2016, the Company filed a lawsuit in Santa Clara County Superior Court against defendant EdenIQ, Inc. (“EdenIQ”). The lawsuit was based on EdenIQ’s wrongful termination of a merger agreement that would have effectuated the merger of EdenIQ into a new entity that would be primarily owned by Aemetis. The lawsuit asserted that EdenIQ had fraudulently induced the Company into assisting EdenIQ to obtain EPA approval for a new technology that the Company would not have done but for the Company’s belief that the merger would occur. The relief sought included EdenIQ’s specific performance of the merger, monetary damages, as well as punitive damages, attorneys’ fees, and costs. In response to the lawsuit, EdenIQ filed a cross-complaint asserting causes of action relating to the Company’s alleged inability to consummate the merger, the Company’s interactions with EdenIQ’s business partners, and the Company’s use of EdenIQ’s name and trademark in association with publicity surrounding the merger. Further, EdenIQ named Third Eye Capital Corporation (“TEC”) as a defendant in a second amended cross-complaint alleging that TEC had failed to disclose that its financial commitment to fund the merger included terms that were not disclosed. Finally, EdenIQ claimed that TEC and the Company concealed material information surrounding the financing of the merger. By way of its cross-complaint, EdenIQ sought monetary damages, punitive damages, injunctive relief, attorneys’ fees and costs. In November 2018, the claims asserted by the Company were dismissed on summary judgment and the Company filed a motion to amend its claims, which remains pending. In December 2018, EdenIQ dismissed all of its claims prior to trial. In February 2019, the Company and EdenIQ each filed motions seeking reimbursement of attorney fees and costs associated with the litigation. On July 24, 2019, the court awarded EdenIQ a portion of the fees and costs it had sought in the amount of approximately $6.2 million. The Company recorded the $6.2 million as loss contingency on litigation during the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company’s ability to amend its claims and present its claims to the court or a jury could materially affect the court’s decision to award EdenIQ its fees and costs. In addition to further legal motions and a potential appeal of the Court’s summary judgment order, the Company plans to appeal the court’s award of EdenIQ’s fees and costs. The Company intends to continue to vigorously pursue its legal claims and defenses against EdenIQ.
6. Biogas LLC – Series A Preferred Financing
On December 20, 2018, Aemetis Biogas LLC entered into a Series A Preferred Unit Purchase Agreement (the “Preferred Unit Agreement”) by selling Series A Preferred Units to Protair-X Americas, Inc. (the “Purchaser”), with Third Eye Capital acting as an agent for the purchaser (the “Agent”). ABGL plans to construct and collect biogas from dairies located near the Keyes Plant. Biogas is a blend of methane along with CO2 and other impurities that can be captured from dairies, landfills and other sources. After a gas cleanup and compression process, biogas can be converted into bio-methane, which is a direct replacement of petroleum natural gas and can be transported in existing natural gas pipelines.
ABGL is authorized to issue 11,000,000 common units, and up to 6,000,000 convertible, redeemable, secured, preferred membership units (the “Series A Preferred Units”). ABGL issued 6,000,000 common units to the Company. ABGL also issued 1,660,000 Series A Preferred Units to the Purchaser for $8,300,000 with the ability to issue an additional 4,340,000 Series A Preferred Units at $5.00 per Unit for a total of up to $30,000,000 in funding. Additionally, 5,000,000 common units of ABGL are held in reserve as potential conversion units issuable to the Purchaser upon certain triggering events discussed below.
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The Preferred Unit Agreement includes (i) preference payments of $0.50 per unit on the outstanding Series A Preferred Units commencing on the second anniversary, (ii) conversion rights for up to 1,200,000 common units or up to maximum number of 5,000,000 common units (also at a one Series A Preferred Unit to one common unit basis) if certain triggering events occur, (iv) one board seat of the three available to be elected by Series A Preferred Unit holders, (iii) mandatory redemption value at $15 per unit payable at an amount equal to 75% of free cash flow generated by ABGL, up to $90 million in the aggregate (if all units are issued), (iv) full redemption of the units on the sixth anniversary, (v) minimum cash flow requirements from each digester, and (vi) $0.9 million paid as fees to the Agent from the proceeds.
Triggering events occur upon ABGL’s failure to redeem units, comply with covenants, any other defaults or cross defaults, or to perform representations or warranties. Upon a triggering event: (i) the obligation of the Purchaser to purchase additional Series A Preferred Units is terminated, (ii) cash flow payments for redemption payments increases from 75% to 100% of free cash flows, and (iii) total number of common units into which preferred units may be converted increases from 1,200,000 common units to 5,000,000 common units on a one for one basis. As of September 30, 2020, ABGL has not generated minimum quarterly operating cash flows by operating the dairies. As a result of the violation of this covenant, free cash flows, when they occur, may be applied for redemption payments at the increased rate of 100% instead of the initial rate of 75% of free cash flows.
From inception of the agreement to date, ABGL issued 3,200,000 Series A Preferred Units on first tranche for a value of $16.0 million and also issued 1,735,833 Series A Preferred Units on second tranche for a value of $8.7 million. The Company is accreting these two tranches to the redemption value of $74 million over the estimated future cash flow periods of six years using the effective interest method. In addition, the Company identified freestanding future tranche rights and the accelerated redemption feature related to a change in control provision as derivatives which required bifurcation. These derivative features were assessed to have minimal value as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 based on the evaluation of the other conditions included in the agreement.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2020, ABGL issued 732,372 of Series A Preferred Units for incremental proceeds of $3.7 million as part of the second tranche of the Preferred Unit Agreement. Consistent with the previous issuances, the units are treated as a liability as the conversion option was deemed to be non-substantive. The Company is accreting up to the redemption value of $11.0 million over the estimated future cash flow periods of six years from the original anniversary date using the effective interest method.
The Company recorded Series A Preferred Unit liabilities, net of unit issuance costs and inclusive of accretive preference pursuant to this agreement, classified as other current liabilities, of $1.2 million and none, and long-term liabilities of $28.5 million and $14.1 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
7. Stock-Based Compensation
2019 Plan
On April 29, 2019, the Aemetis 2019 Stock Plan (the “2019 Stock Plan”) was approved by stockholders of the Company. This plan permits the grant of Incentive Stock Options, Non-Statutory Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Performance Units, Performance Shares and other stock or cash awards as the Administrator of the plan may determine in its discretion. The 2019 Stock Plan’s term is 10 years and supersedes all prior plans. The 2019 Stock Plan authorized the issuance of 200,000 shares of common stock for the 2019 calendar year, in addition to permitting the transfer and grant of any available and unissued or expired options under the prior Amended and Restated 2007 Stock Plan in an amount up to 177,246 options.
Employee grants have a general vesting term of 1/12th every three months and are exercisable at any time after vesting subject to continuation of employment. Option grants for directors have immediate vesting with a 10-year term expiration.
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With the approval of the 2019 Stock Plan, the Zymetis 2006 Stock Plan and the Amended and Restated 2007 Stock Plan (the “Prior Plans,” and together with the 2019 Stock Plan, the “Stock Plans”) are terminated for granting any options under either plan. However, any options granted before the 2019 Stock Plan approved will remain outstanding and can be exercised, and any expired options issued pursuant to the Prior Plans can be granted under the 2019 Stock Plan.
On January 9, 2020, 771,500 stock option grants were issued for employees and directors under the 2019 Stock Plan. On March 28, 2020, 1,075,500 stock options grant were approved by the Board for employees and directors under the 2019 Stock Plan.
On April 3, 2020, 450,000 stock option grants were issued for employees under the 2019 Stock Plan with 10 year term and immediate vesting.
On June 4, 2020, 10,000 stock option grants were approved by the Board for a director under the 2019 Stock Plan with 10 year term and 2 year vesting.
On August 27, 2020, 13,000 stock option grants were approved by the Board for new employees under the 2019 Stock Plan with 10 year term and 3 year vesting.
As of September 30, 2020, 5.8 million options are outstanding under the Stock Plans.
Common Stock Reserved for Issuance
The following is a summary of options granted under the Plans:

| Shares Available for Grant | Number of Shares Outstanding | Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Balance as of December 31, 2019 | 147 | 3,746 | $1.38
Authorized | 2,342 | - | -
Granted | (2,320) | 2,320 | 0.69
Exercised | - | (232) | 1.27
Forfeited/expired | 83 | (83) | 0.76
Balance as of September 30, 2020 | 252 | 5,751 | $1.12

As of September 30, 2020, there were 3.9 million options vested under all the Plans.
Stock-based compensation for employees
Stock-based compensation is accounted for in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based awards made to employees and directors based on estimated fair values on the grant date. We estimate the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods using the straight-line method.
For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded stock compensation expense in the amount of $191 thousand and $144 thousand, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded stock compensation expense in the amount of $826 thousand and $630 thousand, respectively.
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Valuation and Expense Information
All issuances of stock options or other issuances of equity instruments to employees as the consideration for services received by us are accounted for based on the fair value of the equity instrument issued. The fair value of options granted to employees is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. This valuation model for stock based compensation expense requires us to make assumptions and judgments about the variables used in the calculation, including the fair value of our common stock, the expected term (the period of time that the options granted are expected to be outstanding), the volatility of our common stock, a risk-free interest rate, and expected dividends. We also estimate forfeitures of unvested stock options. To the extent actual forfeitures differ from our estimates, the difference will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period estimates are revised. Compensation cost is recorded only for vested options. We use the simplified calculation of expected life described in the SEC’s Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share-Based Payment, and volatility is based on an average of the historical volatilities of the common stock of four entities with characteristics similar to those of the Company. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected life of the option. We use an expected dividend yield of zero, as we do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. Expected forfeitures are assumed to be zero due to the small number of plan participants and the plan.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, 2,320,000 and 399,000 options were granted respectively. The weighted average fair value calculations for options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are based on the following assumptions:

| For the nine months ended September 30,
Description | 2020 | 2019
Dividend-yield | 0% | 0%
Risk-free interest rate | 0.94% | 2.38%
Expected volatility | 88.15% | 88.54%
Expected life (years) | 6.55 | 6.55
Market value per share on grant date | $0.69 | $0.78
Fair value per share on grant date | $0.52 | $0.59

As of September 30, 2020, the Company had $1.1 million of total unrecognized compensation expense for employees, which the Company will amortize over the 2.0 years weighted average remaining term.
8. Agreements
Working Capital Arrangement. Pursuant to a Corn Procurement and Working Capital Agreement with J.D. Heiskell, the Company agreed to procure whole yellow corn and grain sorghum, primarily from J.D. Heiskell. The Company has the ability to obtain grain from other sources subject to certain conditions; however, in the past all the Company’s grain purchases have been from J.D. Heiskell. Title and risk of loss of the corn pass to the Company when the corn is deposited into the Keyes Plant weigh bin. The term of the Corn Procurement and Working Capital Agreement expires on December 31, 2020 and the term can be automatically renewed for additional one-year terms. J.D. Heiskell further agrees to sell all WDG the Company produces to A.L. Gilbert. The Company markets and sells DCO to A.L. Gilbert and other third parties under the J.D. Heiskell Purchasing Agreement. The Company’s relationships with J.D. Heiskell, and A.L. Gilbert are well established and the Company believes that the relationships are beneficial to all parties involved in utilizing the distribution logistics, reaching out to widespread customer base, managing inventory, and building working capital relationships. These agreements are ordinary purchase and sale agency agreements for the Keyes Plant. On May 13, 2020, J.D. Heiskell and the Company entered into Amendment No.1 to the J.D. Heiskell Purchasing Agreement to remove J.D. Heiskell’s obligations to purchase ethanol from the Company under the J.D. Heiskell Purchasing Agreement.
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The J.D. Heiskell’s sales activity associated with the Corn Procurement and Working Capital Agreement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

| As of and for the three months ended September 30, | As of and for the nine months ended September 30,
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019
Ethanol sales | $- | $27,456 | $26,049 | $84,453
Wet distiller's grains sales | 7,143 | 8,783 | 22,983 | 26,119
Corn oil sales | 827 | 934 | 2,806 | 2,586
Corn purchases | 25,513 | 30,446 | 77,268 | 90,426
Accounts receivable | 161 | 1,066 | 161 | 1,066
Accounts payable | 1,978 | 2,484 | 1,978 | 2,484

Ethanol and Wet Distillers Grains Marketing Arrangement. The Company entered into an Ethanol Marketing Agreement with Kinergy and a Wet Distillers Grains Marketing Agreement with A.L. Gilbert. Under the terms of the agreements, subject to certain conditions, the Ethanol Marketing Agreement matures on August 31, 2021 and the Wet Distillers Grains Marketing Agreement matures on December 31, 2020 with automatic one-year renewals thereafter. For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company expensed marketing costs of $0.6 million for each period under the terms of both the Ethanol Marketing Agreement and the Wet Distillers Grains Marketing Agreement. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company expensed marketing costs of $1.7 million and $1.9 million, respectively.
9. Segment Information
Aemetis recognizes two reportable geographic segments: “North America” and “India.” The “North America” operating segment includes the Keyes Plant, the Riverbank Cellulosic Ethanol Facility, the Biogas Project, the Goodland Plant and the research and development facility in Minnesota.
The “India” operating segment includes the Kakinada Plant, the administrative offices in Hyderabad, India, and the holding companies in Nevada and Mauritius. The Company’s biodiesel is marketed and sold primarily to customers in India through brokers and by the Company directly.
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Summarized financial information by reportable segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 follows:

| Three months ended September 30, 2020 | Three months ended September 30, 2019
| North America | India | Total Consolidated | North America | India | Total Consolidated
Revenues | $33,131 | $7,792 | $40,923 | $37,820 | $19,569 | $57,389
Cost of goods sold | 33,534 | 6,618 | 40,152 | 37,990 | 15,417 | 53,407
Gross (loss) profit | (403) | 1,174 | 771 | (170) | 4,152 | 3,982
Other Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development expenses | 37 | - | 37 | 37 | - | 37
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 4,340 | 223 | 4,563 | 2,716 | 1,813 | 4,529
Interest expense | 6,461 | 9 | 6,470 | 6,293 | 49 | 6,342
Accretion of Series A preferred units | 1,765 | - | 1,765 | 589 | - | 589
Other (income) expense | 155 | (2) | 153 | (265) | (24) | (289)
Income (loss) before income taxes | $(13,161) | $944 | $(12,217) | $(9,540) | $2,314 | $(7,226)
Capital expenditures | $6,187 | $113 | $6,300 | $3,664 | $351 | $4,015
Depreciation | 1,085 | 168 | 1,253 | 942 | 161 | 1,103

| For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 | For the nine months ended September 30, 2019
| North America | India | Total Consolidated | North America | India | Total Consolidated
Revenues | $114,226 | $14,001 | $128,227 | $113,942 | $35,954 | $149,896
Cost of goods sold | 101,231 | 12,599 | 113,830 | 113,440 | 29,552 | 142,992
Gross profit | 12,995 | 1,402 | 14,397 | 502 | 6,402 | 6,904
Other Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development expenses | 175 | - | 175 | 160 | - | 160
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 11,206 | 1,342 | 12,548 | 9,972 | 2,743 | 12,715
Interest expense | 19,490 | 44 | 19,534 | 18,805 | 332 | 19,137
Accretion of Series A preferred units | 4,087 | - | 4,087 | 1,509 | - | 1,509
Loss contingency on litigation | - | - | - | 6,200 | - | 6,200
Other expense (income) | 416 | (23) | 393 | (228) | (773) | (1,001)
Income (loss) before income taxes | $(22,379) | $39 | $(22,340) | $(35,916) | $4,100 | $(31,816)

Capital expenditures | $13,571 | 1,350 | 14,921 | $4,249 | $804 | $5,053
Depreciation | 3,030 | 485 | 3,515 | 2,883 | 454 | 3,337

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North America: During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company amended the Corn Procurement and Working Capital Agreement and the J.D. Heiskell Purchasing Agreement to procure corn from J.D. Heiskell and sell all WDG and corn oil the Company produces to J.D. Heiskell. Sales of ethanol, WDG, corn oil, and high-grade alcohol to two customers accounted for 72% and 24% of the Company’s North America segment revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Sales to three customers accounted for 45%, 32% and 11% of the Company’s North America segment revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company’s revenues from ethanol, WDG, and corn oil were made pursuant to the Corn Procurement and Working Capital Agreement. Sales of ethanol, WDG, and corn oil to J.D. Heiskell accounted for 98.3% and 99.3% of the Company’s North America segment revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.
India. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, two biodiesel customers accounted for 56% and 26% of the Company’s consolidated India segment revenues while none of the refined glycerin customers accounted for more than 10%, compared to three biodiesel customers accounting for 41%, 16% and 15% of the Company’s consolidated India segment revenues and none of the refined glycerin customers accounting for more than 10% of such revenues during the three months ended September 30, 2019.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, two biodiesel customers accounted for 51% and 33%, of the Company’s consolidated India segment revenues while none of the refined glycerin customers accounted for more than 10% of such revenues, compared to three biodiesel customers accounted for 29%, 18% and 15% of the Company’s consolidated India segment revenues while none of the refined glycerin customers accounted for more than 10% of such revenues during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Total assets by segment consist of the following:

| As of
| September 30, | December 31,
| 2020 | 2019
North America | $105,619 | $82,990
India | 16,551 | 16,906
Total Assets | $122,170 | $99,896

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10. Related Party Transactions
The Company owes Eric McAfee, the Company’s Chairman and CEO, and McAfee Capital LLC (“McAfee Capital”), owned by Eric McAfee, $0.4 million in connection with employment agreements and expense reimbursements previously accrued as salaries expense and accrued liabilities. The balance accrued related to these employment agreements was $0.4 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company expensed $7 thousand and $1 thousand, respectively, to reimburse actual expenses incurred by McAfee Capital and related entities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company expensed $7 and $22 thousand, respectively, to reimburse actual expenses incurred by McAfee Capital and related entities. The Company previously prepaid $0.2 million to Redwood Capital, a company controlled by Eric McAfee, for the Company’s use of flight time on a corporate jet. As of September 30, 2020, $0.1 million remained as a prepaid expense.
As consideration for the reaffirmation of guaranties required by Amendment No. 13 and 14 to the Note Purchase Agreement which the Company entered into with Third Eye Capital on March 1, 2017 and March 27, 2018 respectively, the Company also agreed to pay $0.2 million annually in consideration to McAfee Capital in exchange for its willingness to provide the guaranties. On May 7, 2020 the Audit Committee of the Company approved a guarantee fee of 0.4% on the outstanding balance of Third Eye Capital Notes annually. Based on this approval, we accrued $0.5 million in guarantee fee as of September 30, 2020. The balance of $627 thousand and $304 thousand for guaranty fee remained as an accrued liability as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 respectively.
The Company owes various members of the Board amounts totaling $1.2 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, for each period, in connection with board compensation fees, which are included in accounts payable on the balance sheet. For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company expensed $94 thousand and $96 thousand respectively, in connection with board compensation fees. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company expensed $256 thousand and $294 thousand respectively, in connection with board compensation fees.
11. Subsequent Events
Third Eye Capital Limited Waiver and Amendment No. 18
On November 5, 2020, Third Eye Capital agreed to Limited Waiver and Amendment No. 18 to the Note Purchase Agreement (“Amendment No. 18”) to provide for a waiver of the ratio of note indebtedness covenant for the quarter ended September 30, 2021. As consideration for such amendment and waivers, the borrowers also agreed to pay Third Eye Capital an amendment fee of $50 thousand in cash.
12. Management’s Plan
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared contemplating the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has a working capital deficit, which includes approximately $59.3 million of debt maturing within the next 12 months, and the Company has been required to remit substantially all excess cash from operations to its senior lender and is therefore reliant on its senior lender to provide additional funding when required. In order to meet its obligations during the next 12 months, the Company will need to either refinance the Company’s debt or receive the continued cooperation from its senior lender. This dependence on the senior lender raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company plans to pursue the following strategies to improve the course of the business:
●
Operate the Keyes Plant and continue to improve operational performance at the Plant, including the expansion into new products, new markets for existing products, and adoption of new technologies or process changes that allow for energy efficiency, cost reduction or revenue enhancements.
●
Continue to develop and expand the markets for high-grade alcohol by extending the value chain to allow for higher margin sales to consumers.
●
Execute upon awarded grants at the Keyes Plant that improve operational efficiencies resulting in lower cost, lower carbon demands, and overall margin improvement.
●
Operate the existing biogas digesters to capture and monetize RNG as well as continue to build new dairy digesters and extend the existing pipeline in order to capture high value California LCFS credits and RFS RINs.
●
Raise the funds necessary to construct and operate the Riverbank Cellulosic Ethanol Facility using the licensed technology from LanzaTech and InEnTec Technology to generate federal and state carbon credits available for ultra-low carbon fuels utilizing lower cost, non-food advanced feedstocks to significantly increase margins.
●
Secure higher fuel shipment volumes from the India plant by developing the sales channels and expanding the existing domestic markets.
●
Continue to locate funding for existing and new business opportunities through a combination of working with our senior lender, restructuring existing loan agreements, selling the current offering for $50.8 million from the EB-5 Phase II funding, or by vendor financing arrangements.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) is provided in addition to the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes to assist readers in understanding our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. MD&A is organized as follows:
●
Overview. Discussion of our business and overall analysis of financial and other highlights affecting us to provide context for the remainder of MD&A.
●
Results of Operations. An analysis of our financial results comparing the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.
●
Liquidity and Capital Resources. An analysis of changes in our balance sheets and cash flows and discussion of our financial condition.
●
Critical Accounting Estimates. Accounting estimates that we believe are important to understanding the assumptions and judgments incorporated in our reported financial results and forecasts.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this report. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. As discussed in further detail above, the actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Report, and in other reports we file with the SEC, specifically our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. All references to years relate to the calendar year ended December 31 of the particular year.
Overview
Headquartered in Cupertino, California, Aemetis is an international advanced renewable fuels and biochemicals company focused on the acquisition, development and commercialization of innovative technologies that replace traditional petroleum-based products through the conversion of second-generation ethanol and biodiesel plants into advanced biorefineries. We operate in two reportable geographic segments: “North America” and “India.”
Founded in 2006, we own and operate a 65 million gallon per year ethanol facility in California’s Central Valley in Keyes, California where we manufacture and produce renewable fuel ethanol, high-grade alcohol, WDG, CDS and DCO. We operate a research and development laboratory to develop efficient conversion technologies using waste feedstocks to produce biofuels and biochemicals. We also own and operate a 50 million gallon per year renewable chemical and advanced fuel production facility on the East Coast of India producing high quality distilled biodiesel and refined glycerin for customers in India and Europe.
We also lease a site in Riverbank, California, near the Keyes Plant, where we plan to utilize biomass-to-fuel technology that we have licensed from LanzaTech and InEnTec to build the Riverbank Cellulosic Ethanol Facility capable of converting local California surplus biomass–principally orchard waste–into ultra-low carbon renewable cellulosic ethanol. By producing ultra-low carbon renewable cellulosic ethanol, we expect to capture higher value D3 cellulosic RINs and California’s LCFS credits. D3 RINs have a higher value in the marketplace than D6 RINs due to D3 RINs’ relative scarcity and mandated pricing formula from the United States EPA.
In December 2018, we acquired a 5.2-acre parcel of land for the construction of a gas-to-liquid CO2 facility by Messer, to sell CO2 produced at the Keyes Plant, which will add incremental income for the North America segment. We commenced operations and began recognizing revenue from this project in the second quarter of 2020.
In 2018, we formed ABGL to construct biogas digesters at local dairies near the Keyes Plant, many of whom are already customers of the WDG produced at the Keyes Plant. The digesters are connected by a pipeline to a gas cleanup and compression facility to produce RNG. ABGL currently has signed participation agreements with 17 local dairies and fully executed leases with 3 dairies near the Keyes Plant in order to capture their methane, which would otherwise be released into the atmosphere, primarily from manure wastewater lagoons. We plan to capture methane from multiple dairies and pipe the gas to a centralized location at our Keyes Plant. The impurities of the methane will then be removed and cleaned into bio-methane for any number of applications including injecting into the local utility pipeline, operating a RCNG truck loading station that will service local trucking fleets to displace diesel fuel, or converting to clean electricity.
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The bio-methane can also be used in our Keyes Plant to displace petroleum-based natural gas. The environmental benefits of the Biogas Project are potentially significant because dairy biogas has a negative CI under the California LCFS and will also receive D3 RINs under the federal RFS. ABGL has constructed and commenced operations of the first two digesters during the third quarter of 2020.
Additionally, we own the Goodland Plant through GAFI where we plan to deploy a cellulosic ethanol technology to the Goodland Plant.
North America Revenue
Our revenue development strategy in North America has historically relied on supplying renewable ethanol into the transportation fuel market in Northern California and supplying feed products to dairy and other animal feed operations in Northern California. We are actively seeking higher value markets for our ethanol in an effort to improve our overall margins and to add incremental income to the North America segment, including the development of the Riverbank Cellulosic Ethanol Facility, the sale of CO2 produced at the Keyes Plant to Messer, the construction of biogas digesters at local dairies near the Keyes Plant to produce RNG, and the implementation of the Aemetis Integrated Microgrid System, the Emission and Energy Efficiency Delivery Initiative, the Mitsubishi dehydration system and other technologies at our plants. We are also actively working with local dairy and feed potential customers to promote the value of our WDG product in an effort to strengthen demand for this product.
On March 18, 2020 the US Treasury Tobacco and Alcohol Tax and Trade Bureau (“TTB”) provided waivers allowing ethanol plants to produce high-grade alcohol for use in hand sanitizer. During the first week of April 2020, Aemetis received its permanent permit allowing for sales of fuel ethanol, industrial alcohol and spirits for potable alcohol beyond the waiver period. Accordingly, Aemetis began supplying alcohol as a component of hand sanitizer. During June 2020, Aemetis renamed Biofuels Marketing, Inc. to Aemetis Health Products, Inc., and began a sales and marketing strategy of blending, bottling and selling hand sanitizer into retail branded and white label markets. During the second quarter of 2020, the initial demand for high-grade alcohol as a component of hand sanitizer experienced a significant spike in demand from COVID-19 pandemic due to severe supply shortages, and accordingly, Aemetis was able to produce and supply high volumes of high-grade alcohol product. Market normalization will be dependent on external developments associated with the COVID-19 pandemic; however, management believes qualified procedures will continue to see opportunities for ongoing consumer demand beyond the pandemic’s timeframe. As a producer of high-grade alcohol, with plans to increase product quality to US Pharmacopeia (“USP”) grade, and with the necessary permits to permanently supply into this market, Aemetis expects to emerge well positioned to produce a high-quality product and develop marketing channels that close the gap between suppliers and end customers, albeit at lower volumes than experienced during the second quarter of 2020.
We produce five products at the Keyes Plant: denatured fuel ethanol, high-grade alcohol, WDG, DCO, and CDS. During the first quarter of 2020, we transitioned from selling 100% of the ethanol we produce to J.D. Heiskell, pursuant to a purchase agreement with J.D. Heiskell (“J.D. Heiskell Purchase Agreement”), to a model where 100% of the ethanol is sold directly to Kinergy Marketing LLC (“Kinergy”).The ethanol stored in our finished goods tank is 100% owned by Aemetis. WDG and DCO continue to be sold to A.L.Gilbert and other customers under the J.D.Heiskell Purchasing Agreement. Smaller amounts of CDS were sold to various local third parties. We began selling high-grade alcohol in March 2020 directly to various customers throughout the West Coast. Ethanol pricing is determined pursuant to a marketing agreement with Kinergy and is generally based on daily and monthly pricing for ethanol delivered to the San Francisco Bay Area, California, as published by Oil Price Information Service, as well as quarterly contracts negotiated by Kinergy with local fuel blenders. The price for WDG is determined monthly pursuant to a marketing agreement with A.L. Gilbert and is generally determined in reference to the local price of dried distillers grains and other comparable feed products. North American revenue is dependent on the price of ethanol, high-grade alcohol, WDG, and DCO. Ethanol pricing is influenced by local and national inventory levels, local and national ethanol production, corn prices and gasoline demand. WDG is influenced by the price of corn, the supply and price of distillers dried grains, and demand from the local dairy and feed markets. High-grade alcohol pricing is based on the supply and demand restrictions in the current market. Our revenue is further influenced by our decision to operate the Keyes Plant at various capacity levels, conduct required maintenance, and respond to biological processes affecting output.
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Results of Operations
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Revenues
Our revenues are derived primarily from sales of ethanol, high-grade alcohol, and WDG in North America and biodiesel and refined glycerin in India.
Three Months Ended September 30 (in thousands)

| 2020 | 2019 | Inc/(dec) | % change
North America | $33,131 | $37,820 | $(4,689) | -12%
India | 7,792 | 19,569 | (11,777) | -60%
Total | $40,923 | $57,389 | $(16,466) | -29%

North America. The decrease in revenues during the three months ended September 30, 2020 was mainly due to a decrease in sales of ethanol and WDG. Gallons of ethanol sold decreased to 15.0 million gallons during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 15.8 million gallons during the three months ended September 30, 2019. The average price of ethanol decreased by 9% to $1.59 per gallon during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $1.74 per gallon during the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to change in demand from COVID-19 shelter-in-place orders that reduced demand of gasoline. In addition, the sales volume of WDG decreased by 11% to 94 thousand tons during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 106 thousand tons during the three months ended September 30, 2019 while the average sales price decreased by 8% to $75.81 per ton. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, we generated 72% of our revenues from sales of ethanol, 22% from sales of WDG, and 6% from sales of industrial alcohol, corn oil, CDS, and CO2 compared to 73% of our revenues from sales of ethanol, 23% from sales of WDG, and 4% from sales of corn oil and CDS for the three months ended September 30, 2019. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, plant production averaged 111% of the 55 million gallon per year nameplate capacity compared to 115% during the three months ended September 30, 2019.
India. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, we generated 94% of our sales from biodiesel, and 6% of our sales from refined glycerin compared to 87% of our sales from biodiesel, 5% of our sales from refined glycerin, and 8% from other sales for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in revenues was due to delay in the government tender contracts bidding and general slowness of sales due to COVID-19. The decrease in revenues of 60% was due to a decrease in biodiesel volumes by 58% to 8,133 metric tons during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 19,343 metric tons during the three months ended September 30, 2019. The average price of biodiesel increased to $901 per metric ton during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $882 per metric during the three months ended September 30, 2019. In addition, the refined glycerin volumes decreased by 72% to 556 metric tons during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2,023 metric tons during the three months ended September 30, 2019 while the average price increased by 72% to $807 per metric ton during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $470 per metric ton in the same period in 2019.
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Cost of Goods Sold
Three Months Ended September 30 (in thousands)

| 2020 | 2019 | Inc/(dec) | % change
North America | $33,534 | $37,990 | $(4,456) | -12%
India | 6,618 | 15,417 | (8,799) | -57%
Total | $40,152 | $53,407 | $(13,255) | -25%

North America. We ground 5.2 million bushels of corn during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 5.6 million bushels during the three months ended September 30, 2019. Our cost of feedstock per bushel decreased by 11% to an average of $4.92 per bushel during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $5.53 per bushel during the three months ended September 30, 2019.
India. The decrease in cost of goods sold was attributable to the decrease in revenues from biodiesel. The volume of biodiesel feedstock we consumed decreased by 52% to 7,783 metric tons compared to 16,374 metric tons in the same period last year. The average price of biodiesel feedstock decreased by 13% to $621 per metric ton during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $717 per metric ton during the three months ended September 30, 2019. In addition, the volume of refined glycerin we consumed decreased by 64% to 632 metric tons during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 1,777 metric tons in the same period in 2019 while the average price also decreased by 44% to $589 per metric ton compared to $408 per metric ton during the three months ended September 30, 2019.
Gross Profit
Three Months Ended September 30 (in thousands)

| 2020 | 2019 | Inc/(dec) | % change
North America | $(403) | $(170) | $(233) | 137%
India | 1,174 | 4,152 | (2,978) | -72%
Total | $771 | $3,982 | $(3,211) | -81%

North America. Gross profit decreased due to lower prices and volumes sold of ethanol and WDG compared to the same period in 2019.
India. Gross profit decreased by 72% due to decreased volume of sales primarily due to COVID-19 delays for bidding of the OMC tender and decreased general demand by 58% to 8,133 metric tons, during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 19,343 metric tons during the same period in 2019.
Operating Expenses
R&D
Three Months Ended September 30 (in thousands)

| 2020 | 2019 | Inc/(dec) | % change
North America | $37 | $37 | $- | 0%
India | - | - | - | 0%
Total | $37 | $37 | $- | 0%

R&D expenses remained consistent during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A)
Three Months Ended September 30 (in thousands)

| 2020 | 2019 | Inc/(dec) | % change
North America | $4,340 | $2,716 | $1,624 | 60%
India | 223 | 1,813 | (1,590) | -88%
Total | $4,563 | $4,529 | $34 | 1%

SG&A expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for employees, marketing expenses related to product sales, as well as professional fees, other corporate expenses, and related facilities expenses.
North America. SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 increased to 13% compared to 7%. The increase was due to an increase in professional fees of $672 thousand, an increase in bad debt expense of $647 thousand, an increase in insurance, taxes, and penalties of $131 thousand, an increase in salaries and wages of $67 thousand, an increase of $49 thousand in supplies and services, and other expenses of $58 thousand during the three months ended September 30, 2020.
India. SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2020 decreased to 3% from 9% compared to the corresponding period in 2019. The 88% decrease in SG&A expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period of 2019 was due to decrease in operation support charges of $984 thousand, a decrease in gas and electric of $221 thousand, a decrease in office maintenance of $213 thousand, a decrease in salaries of $155 thousand, and a decrease in water costs of $26 thousand.
Other Income and Expense
Three Months Ended September 30 (in thousands)

| 2020 | 2019 | Inc/dec | % change
North America |  |  |  |
Interest rate expense | $5,787 | $5,347 | $440 | 8%
Debt related fees and amortization expense | 674 | 946 | (272) | -29%
Accretion of Series A preferred units | 1,765 | 589 | 1,176 | 200%
Other (income)/expense | 155 | (265) | 420 | 158%
India |  |  |  |
Interest rate expense | 9 | 49 | (40) | -82%
Other income | (2) | (24) | 22 | 92%
Total | $8,388 | $6,642 | $1,746 | 26%

Other (Income)/Expense. Other (income) expense consists primarily of interest rate and amortization expenses attributable to our debt facilities and those of our subsidiaries, and interest accrued on the judgments and accretion of Series A Preferred Units preference payments. The debt facilities include stock or warrants issued as fees. The fair value of stock and warrants is amortized as amortization expense, except when the extinguishment accounting method is applied, in which case refinanced debt costs are recorded as extinguishment loss or gain.
North America. Interest rate expense was higher during the three months ended September 30, 2020 due to higher debt balances. The decrease in amortization expense in the three months ended September 30, 2020 was mainly due to amortization of fees added during prior periods and reduction in extension fees added during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. Increase in accretion on the Series A Preferred Unit was due to issuance of additional shares. Guarantee fee of $0.2 million was added during the three months ending September 30, 2020.
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Revenues
Our revenues are derived primarily from sales of ethanol, high-grade alcohol, and WDG in North America and biodiesel and glycerin in India.
Nine Months Ended September 30 (in thousands)

| 2020 | 2019 | Inc/(dec) | % change
North America | $114,226 | $113,942 | $284 | 0.2%
India | 14,001 | 35,954 | (21,953) | -61%
Total | $128,227 | $149,896 | $(21,669) | -14%

North America. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we generated 55% of our revenue from sales of ethanol, 21% from sales of high-grade alcohol, 20% from sales of WDG, and 4% from sales of corn oil, CCA credits and CDS. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, plant production averaged 112% of the 55 million gallon per year nameplate capacity. The slight increase in revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was due to the initial spike in demand that occurred when we entered into high-grade alcohol market. The increase in revenues was offset by a decrease in the average ethanol price of 11% to $1.55 while the ethanol sales volume decreased to 40.5 million gallons compared to 48.1 million gallons in the same period in 2019. The average price of WDG decreased by 4% to $79 per ton while WDG sales volume also decreased by 9% to 292 thousand tons in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
India. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we generated 88% of our sales from biodiesel, 6% of our sales from refined glycerin, and 6% from PFAD and other sales compared to 90% of our sales from biodiesel, 6% of our sales from refined glycerin and 4% from PFAD and other sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was due to a 61% decrease in the sales volume of biodiesel to 14,346 metric tons. The decrease in biodiesel volumes was due to delay in obtaining and supplying production quantities under the OMCs tender contract. The average sales price of biodiesel decreased by 1% to $855 per metric ton during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $868 per metric ton in the same period in 2019. The sales volume of refined glycerin decreased by 72% to 1,112 metric tons while the average price of glycerin increased by 48% to $817 per metric ton in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Cost of Goods Sold
Nine Months Ended September 30 (in thousands)

| 2020 | 2019 | Inc/(dec) | % change
North America | $101,231 | $113,440 | $(12,209) | -11%
India | 12,599 | 29,552 | (16,953) | -57%
Total | $113,830 | $142,992 | $(29,162) | -20%

North America. We ground 15.8 million bushels of corn during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 16.9 million bushels in the same period in 2019. Our average cost of corn per bushel decreased by 9% to $4.87 per bushel in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019.
India. The decrease in cost of goods sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to September 30, 2019 was attributable to a decrease in the volume of biodiesel feedstock we ground by 58% to 13,474 metric tons compared to 31,936 metric tons during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 coupled with an decrease in the average price of biodiesel feedstock by 7% to $637 compared to $683 in the same period in 2019. In addition, the volume of refined glycerin feedstock we ground decreased by 67% to 1,146 metric tons and the average price of the refined glycerin feedstock also decreased by 6% to $551 per metric ton in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019.
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Gross Profit
Nine Months Ended September 30 (in thousands)

| 2020 | 2019 | Inc/(dec) | % change
North America | $12,995 | $502 | $12,493 | 2489%
India | 1,402 | 6,402 | (5,000) | -78%
Total | $14,397 | $6,904 | $7,493 | 109%

North America. Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased due to entering the high-grade alcohol market coupled with the decreased price of corn.
India. The decrease in gross profit was attributable to decrease in the sales volume of all products of 62% to 15,458 metric tons and due to decreases in the biodiesel price per metric ton for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Operating Expenses
R&D
Nine Months Ended September 30 (in thousands)

| 2020 | 2019 | Inc/(dec) | % change
North America | $175 | $160 | $15 | 9%
India | - | - | - | 0%
Total | $175 | $160 | $15 | 10%

R&D expenses increased in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 due to increases in professional fees of $23 thousand, offset by decrease in lab supplied and other of $8 thousand.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A)
Nine Months Ended September 30 (in thousands)

| 2020 | 2019 | Inc/(dec) | % change
North America | $11,206 | $9,972 | $1,234 | 12%
India | 1,342 | 2,743 | (1,401) | -51%
Total | $12,548 | $12,715 | $(167) | -1%

SG&A expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for employees, marketing expenses related to sales of ethanol and WDG in North America and biodiesel and other products in India, as well as professional fees, other corporate expenses and related facilities expenses.
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North America. SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased to 10% from 9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2019. SG&A expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased by 12% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in SG&A expenses was primarily due to increases in salaries, stock compensation and supplies of $515 thousand and utilities, penalties, and insurance of $554 thousand and provision for bad debt expense and other expenses of $682 thousand, offset by a decrease in professional fees of $517 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
India. SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased to 10% as compared to 8% in the corresponding period of 2019. SG&A expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by 51% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was due to decrease in operating support charges of $1.4 million, utilities, insurance and other expenses of $260 thousand, offset by an increase in salaries of $61 thousand and professional fees of $244 thousand during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Other Income and Expense
Nine Months Ended September 30 (in thousands)

| 2020 | 2019 | Inc/dec | % change
North America |  |  |  |
Interest rate expense | $16,912 | $15,240 | $1,672 | 11%
Debt related fees and amortization expense | 2,578 | 3,565 | (987) | -28%
Accretion of Series A preferred units | 4,087 | 1,509 | 2,578 | 171%
Loss contingency on litigation | - | 6,200 | (6,200) | -100%
Other (income)/expense | 416 | (228) | 644 | 282%
India |  |  |  |
Interest rate expense | 44 | 332 | (288) | -87%
Other income | (23) | (773) | 750 | 97%
Total | $24,014 | $25,845 | $(1,831) | -7%

Other (Income)/Expense. Other (income) expense consists primarily of interest rate and amortization expenses attributable to our debt facilities and those of our subsidiaries, and interest accrued on the judgments and accretion of Series A Preferred Units preference payments. The debt facilities include stock or warrants issued as fees. The fair value of stock and warrants are amortized as amortization expense, except when the extinguishment accounting method is applied, in which case refinanced debt costs are recorded as extinguishment loss or gain.
North America. Interest rate expense was higher during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 due to an increase in principal and interest on our senior notes and subordinated notes. The decrease in amortization expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was mainly due to amortization of fees added during prior periods and reduction in extension fees added for nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. Increase in accretion on the Series A Preferred Unit was due to issuance of additional units. Guarantee fees of $0.5 million were added during the first nine months ending September 30, 2020.
India. Interest rate expense decreased due to accruing on only one working capital line while the other line was treated as feedstock provider for working capital without interest accrual during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in other income of $0.7 million was caused primarily by release of long-standing accounts payable and interest on these payables as matters closed legally during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents were $0.1 million at September 30, 2020, all of which were held in our Indian subsidiary. Our current ratio at September 30, 2020 was 0.14 compared to a current ratio of 0.22 at December 31, 2019. We expect that our future available capital resources will consist primarily of cash generated from operations, Liquidity Reserve Notes, EB-5 program borrowings, senior debt, subordinated debt and any additional funds raised through sales of preferred units.
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Liquidity
Cash and cash equivalents, current assets, current liabilities and debt at the end of each period were as follows (in thousands):

| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents | $79 | $656
Current assets (including cash, cash equivalents, and deposits) | 13,547 | 12,576
Current and long term liabilities (excluding all debt) | 71,387 | 51,843
Current & long term debt | 226,346 | 202,425

Our principal sources of liquidity have been cash provided by operations and borrowings under various debt arrangements. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, $0.5 million from one investor was released to the Company from the EB-5 escrow account, which completed the funding of Phase I under this program.
We launched an EB-5 Phase II funding in 2016, under which we expect to issue $50.8 million in additional EB-5 Notes on substantially similar terms and conditions as those issued under our EB-5 Phase I funding. On November 21, 2019, the minimum investment amount was raised from $500,000 per investor to $900,000 per investor. As of September 30, 2020, EB-5 Phase II funding in the amount of $4.0 million had been released from escrow to the Company. Our principal uses of cash have been to refinance indebtedness, fund operations, and for capital expenditures. We anticipate these uses will continue to be our principal uses of cash in the future. Global financial and credit markets have been volatile in recent years, and future adverse conditions of these markets could negatively affect our ability to secure funds or raise capital at a reasonable cost, or at all.
We operate in a volatile market in which we have limited control over the major components of input costs and product revenues, and are making investments in future facilities and facility upgrades that improve the overall margin while lessening the impact of these volatile markets. As such, we expect cash provided by operating activities to fluctuate in future periods primarily because of changes in the prices for corn, ethanol, high-grade alcohol, WDG, DCO, CDS, biodiesel, waste fats and oils, glycerin, non-refined palm oil and natural gas. To the extent that we experience periods in which the spread between ethanol/alcohol prices and corn and energy costs narrow or the spread between biodiesel prices and waste fats and oils or palm oil and energy costs narrow, we may require additional working capital to fund operations.
Management believes that through the following actions, the Company will have the ability to generate capital liquidity to carry out the business plan:
●
Operate the Keyes Plant and continue to improve operational performance at the Plant, including the expansion into new products, new markets for existing products, and adoption of new technologies or process changes that allow for energy efficiency, cost reduction or revenue enhancements.
●
Continue to develop and expand the markets for high-grade alcohol by extending the value chain to allow for higher margin sales to consumers.
●
Execute upon awarded grants at the Keyes Plant that improve operational efficiencies resulting in lower cost, lower carbon demands, and overall margin improvement.
●
Operate the existing biogas digesters to capture and monetize biogas as well as continue to build new dairy digesters and extend the existing pipeline in order to capture the higher carbon credits available in California.
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●
Raise the funds necessary to construct and operate the Riverbank Cellulosic Ethanol Facility using the licensed technology from LanzaTech and InEnTec Technology to generate federal and state carbon credits available for ultra-low carbon fuels utilizing lower cost, non-food advanced feedstocks to significantly increase margins.
●
Secure higher volumes of shipments of fuels at the India plant by developing the sales channels and expanding the existing domestic markets.
●
Continue to locate funding for existing and new business opportunities through a combination of working with our senior lender, restructuring existing loan agreements, selling the current offering for $50.8 million from the EB-5 Phase II funding, or by vendor financing arrangements.
At September 30, 2020, the outstanding balance of principal, interest and fees, net of discounts, on all Third Eye Capital Notes equaled $155.5 million including the GAFI debt. The current maturity date for all of the Third Eye Capital financing arrangements, except the GAFI financing arrangements, is April 1, 2021; provided, however, that pursuant to Amendment No. 17, we have the right to extend the maturity date of the Third Eye Capital Notes to April 1, 2022 upon notice and payment of a 1% extension fee, which can be paid or added to senior debt. The current maturity date for all of the Third Eye Capital GAFI financing arrangements is July 10, 2021. GAFI intends to repay its Third Eye Capital Notes obligations through proceeds from the issuance of a GAFI EB-5 offering or other debt/equity offerings by an Aemetis subsidiary. We intend to repay rest of the Third Eye Capital Notes through operational cash flow, proceeds from the issuance of the EB-5 Notes and/or a senior debt refinancing and/or an equity financing.
As of September 30, 2020, the Company has $18.0 million additional borrowing capacity to fund future cash flow requirements under the Reserve Liquidity Notes due on April 1, 2021.
Our senior lender has provided a series of accommodating amendments to the existing and previous loan facilities as described in further detail in Note 4. Debt of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q. However, there can be no assurance that our senior lender will continue to provide further amendments or accommodations or will fund additional amounts in the future.
We also rely on our working capital lines with Gemini and Secunderabad Oils in India to fund our commercial arrangements for the acquisitions of feedstock. We currently provide our own working capital for the Keyes Plant; Gemini and Secunderabad Oils currently provides us with working capital for the Kakinada Plant. The ability of Gemini, and Secunderabad Oils to continue to provide us with working capital depends in part on both of their respective financial strength and banking relationships.
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Change in Working Capital and Cash Flows
The below table describes the changes in current and long term debt during the nine months ended September 30, 2020:

Increases to debt: |  |
Accrued interest | $16,920 |
Maturity date extension fee added to senior debt and waiver fees | 2,047 |
Feb 2019 Promissory note advances including fees | 1,265 |
Sub debt extension fees | 680 |
India working capital draws and changes due to foreign currency | 9,227 |
Mitsubishi financing for Zebrex equipment term loan | 5,652 |
PPP loan received | 1,134 |
EB-5 Investment received | 500 |
| Total increases to debt | $37,425
Decreases to debt: |  |
Principal, fees, and interest payments to senior lender | $(2,800) |
Interest payments to sub debtors | (250) |
Interest payments to EB-5 investors | (288) |
Principal, fees and interest payments on working capital loans in India | (9,414) |
GAFI interest and principal payments | (362) |
Change in debt issuance costs, net of amortization | (390) |
| Total decreases to debt | $(13,504)
| Change in total debt | $23,921

Working capital changes resulted in (i) a $1.2 million increase in accounts receivable due to increase in alcohol sales in North America which caused the receivable balance to increase by $1.7 million, offset by a decrease of $0.5 million in India operations, (ii) a $1.7 million decrease in inventories mainly due to increase of $0.5 million in finished goods due to an amendment to the J.D. Heiskell Purchasing Agreement, whereby we are no longer obligated to sell certain inventory we produce to J.D. Heiskell, and $0.7 million increase in raw materials which are used in the alcohol and hand sanitizer production in North America entities offset by decreases of $0.3 million in work in process inventory in North America and $2.7 million in inventory in India operations, (iii) a $67 thousand decrease in prepaid expenses mainly due to regular amortization of prepaid insurance, (iv) a $1.6 million decrease in other assets consisting of a $0.2 million decrease in North America entities and a $1.4 million decrease in India operations, and (v) a $3.7 million increase in notes receiveable in India operations due to short-term loans made to a working capital partner.
Net cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $7.0 million, consisting of non-cash charges of $11.4 million, net changes in operating assets and liabilities of $17.7 million and net loss of $22.1 million. The non-cash charges consisted of: (i) $2.6 million in debt related fees and other amortization, (ii) $3.5 million in depreciation expenses, (iii) $0.8 million in stock-based compensation expense, (iv) $0.3 million of deferred tax benefit, (v) $4.1 million in preferred unit accretion, and (vi) $0.6 million in provision for bad debts. Net changes in operating assets and liabilities consisted primarily of an increase in accounts receivable of $1.9 million offset by: (i) a decrease in other assets of $1.7 million, (ii) a $1.5 million increase in inventories, (iii) a $0.3 million increase in accounts payable, (iv) a $66 thousand decrease in prepaid expenses, and (v) a $16.0 million increase in accrued interest.
Cash used by investing activities consisted of capital expenditures of $13.6 million from U.S. operations, capital expenditures of $1.3 million from our India operations, and a note receivable of $3.7 million.
Cash provided by financing activities was $11.0 million, consisting primarily of $11.6 million received from the Series A Preferred Unit issuance, $1.2 million received from Third Eye Capital promissory note, $1.1 million received from PPP Loans, $0.5 million from EB-5 Phase I investors, $0.3 million for issuance of stock to option holders, $0.3 from grant proceeds received for capital expenditures, and $9.3 million from working capital partners in India for their operations, partially offset by payments of $9.3 million in principal to working capital partners in India for their operations, $2.2 million on Third Eye Capital promissory note, $0.3 million on Third Eye Capital renewal and waiver fees, $0.3 million on GAFI Third Eye Capital notes, and $1.1 million payments on finance lease assets.
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Critical Accounting Policies
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of net sales and expenses for each period. We believe that the following represents our critical accounting policies, defined as those policies that we believe are the most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and that require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain: revenue recognition; recoverability of long-lived assets, convertible notes, and extinguishment accounting. These significant accounting principles are more fully described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
None reported beyond those disclosed in our Annual Report on form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
We had no off balance sheet arrangements during the three months ended September 30, 2020.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Not Applicable.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
Management (with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that, although remediation plans were initiated to address the material weakness over financial reporting as identified in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, the disclosure controls and procedures along with the related internal controls over financial reporting were not effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
As discussed in greater detail under Item 9A, Controls and Procedures, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, we initiated a remediation plan to address the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting identified as of the fiscal year then ended. Our efforts to improve our internal controls are ongoing.
For a more comprehensive discussion of the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting identified by management as of December 31, 2019, and the remedial measures undertaken to address this material weakness, investors are encouraged to review Item 9A, Controls and Procedures, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
PART II -- OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
On August 31, 2016, the Company filed a lawsuit in Santa Clara County Superior Court against defendant EdenIQ, Inc. (“EdenIQ”). The lawsuit was based on EdenIQ’s wrongful termination of a merger agreement that would have effectuated the merger of EdenIQ into a new entity that would be primarily owned by Aemetis. The lawsuit asserted that EdenIQ had fraudulently induced the Company into assisting EdenIQ to obtain EPA approval for a new technology that the Company would not have done but for the Company’s belief that the merger would occur. The relief sought included EdenIQ’s specific performance of the merger, monetary damages, as well as punitive damages, attorneys’ fees, and costs. In response to the lawsuit, EdenIQ filed a cross-complaint asserting causes of action relating to the Company’s alleged inability to consummate the merger, the Company’s interactions with EdenIQ’s business partners, and the Company’s use of EdenIQ’s name and trademark in association with publicity surrounding the merger. Further, EdenIQ named Third Eye Capital Corporation (“TEC”) as a defendant in a second amended cross-complaint alleging that TEC had failed to disclose that its financial commitment to fund the merger included terms that were not disclosed. Finally, EdenIQ claimed that TEC and the Company concealed material information surrounding the financing of the merger. By way of its cross-complaint, EdenIQ sought monetary damages, punitive damages, injunctive relief, attorneys’ fees and costs. In November 2018, the claims asserted by the Company were dismissed on summary judgment and the Company filed a motion to amend its claims, which remains pending. In December 2018, EdenIQ dismissed all of its claims prior to trial. In February 2019, the Company and EdenIQ each filed motions seeking reimbursement of attorney fees and costs associated with the litigation. On July 24, 2019, the court awarded EdenIQ a portion of the fees and costs it had sought in the amount of approximately $6.2 million and the Company recorded these fees based on the court order. The Company’s ability to amend its claims and present its claims to the court or a jury could materially affect the court’s decision to award EdenIQ its fees and costs. In addition to further legal motions and a potential appeal of the Court’s summary judgment order, the Company plans to appeal the court’s award of EdenIQ’s fees and costs. The Company intends to continue to vigorously pursue its legal claims and defenses against EdenIQ.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
No change in risk factors since the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on March 12, 2020 and the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
During the third quarter of 2020, we issued 112 thousand shares of our common stock to certain subordinated promissory note holders pursuant to the note holders’ warrant exercise at an exercise price of $0.01 per share.
The above issuance was exempt from registration under Section 4(a)2 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as sales of securities not involving any public offering.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
No unresolved defaults on senior securities occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2020.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
None.
Item 5. Other Information.
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits.

99.1 | Limited Waiver and Amendment No. 18 to Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 5, 2020 by and among Aemetis, Inc.; Aemetis Advanced Fuels Keyes, Inc.; Aemetis Facility Keyes, Inc.; Third Eye Capital Corporation, an Ontario corporation, as agent for Third Eye Capital Credit Opportunities Fund - Insight Fund, and Ninepoint - TEC Private Credit Fund.
31.1 | Certifications pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 | Certifications pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 | Certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 | Certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| AEMETIS, INC.
| By: | /s/ E ric A. M c A fee
|  | Eric A. McAfee Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 12, 2020

| AEMETIS, INC.
| By: | /s/ Todd Waltz
|  | Todd Waltz Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

Date: November 12, 2020
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