10-K 1 fm10k2015.htm FORM 10-K 2015
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)

| [X] | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year ended January 2, 2016
OR

| [ ] | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________________ to _______________
Commission File Number 0-599
THE EASTERN COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Connecticut | 06-0330020
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) | Identification No.)

112 Bridge Street, Naugatuck, Connecticut | 06770
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (203) 729-2255
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Common Stock No Par Value The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
(Title of each class) (Name of each exchange
on which registered)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes [ ] No [X]
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes [ ] No [X]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer [ ] | Accelerated filer [X]
Non-accelerated filer [ ] (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [ ] No [X]
As of July 4, 2015, the last day of registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $99,505,155 (based on the closing sales price of the registrant’s common stock on the last trading date prior to that date). Shares of the registrant’s common stock held by each officer and director and shares held in trust by the pension plans of the Company have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
As of March 4, 2016, 6,247,732 shares of the registrant’s common stock, no par value per share, were issued and outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the annual proxy statement dated March 15, 2016 are incorporated by reference into Part III.

The Eastern Company
Form 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JANUARY 2, 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
| Table of Contents | 2.
| Safe Harbor Statement | 3.
PART I |  |
Item 1. | Business | 3.
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 6.
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 9.
Item 2. | Properties | 9.
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 10.
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 10.
PART II |  |
Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related |
| Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 11.
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data | 13.
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial |
| Condition and Results of Operations | 13.
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures |
| About Market Risk | 27.
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 28.
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on |
| Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 58.
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 58.
Item 9B. | Other Information | 60.
PART III |  |
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 60.
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 60.
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management |
| and Related Stockholder Matters | 61.
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director |
| Independence | 61.
Item 14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 61.
PART IV |  |
Item 15. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules | 63.
| Signatures | 65.
| Exhibit Index | 66.

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SAFE HARBOR STATEMENT UNDER THE PRIVATE SECURITIES
LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements reflect the Company’s current expectations regarding its products, its markets and its future financial and operating performance. These statements, however, are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause the Company’s actual results in future periods to differ materially from those expected. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, unanticipated slowdowns in the Company’s major markets, changing customer preferences, lack of success of new products, loss of customers, competition, increased raw material prices, problems associated with foreign sourcing of parts and products, worldwide conditions and foreign currency fluctuations that may affect results of operations, and other factors discussed from time to time in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company is not obligated to update or revise the aforementioned statements for those new developments.
PART I

ITEM 1 | BUSINESS

(a) General Development of Business
The Eastern Company (the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Connecticut in October, 1912, succeeding a co-partnership established in October, 1858.
The business of the Company is the manufacture and sale of industrial hardware, security products and metal products from six U.S. operations and seven wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries. The Company maintains thirteen physical locations.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
On January 13, 2016, the Board of Directors of the Company approved amendments to the Certificate of Incorporation and the By-Laws of the Company which will eliminate the classification of the Board of Directors in a phased in manner and will provide for the election of directors by a majority of the votes cast at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The declassification of the Board of Directors and the election of Directors by a majority of the votes cast will become effective only upon approval of the shareholders.
On December 21, 2015, the Company announced the retirement of Leonard F. Leganza from his position as Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer effective December 31, 2015. Mr. Leganza will remain as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company until the expiration of his term at the 2017 annual meeting of the shareholders. The Company also announced that James M. Mitarotonda will serve as Chairman of the Board of Directors effective January 1, 2016 and that August M. Vlak will serve as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company effective January 1, 2016.
On August 7, 2015 the Board of Directors of the Company terminated the Rights Agreement between the Company and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC.
(b) Financial Information about Industry Segments
Financial information about industry segments is included in Note 11 to the Company’s financial statements, included at Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(c) Narrative Description of Business
The Company operates in three business segments: Industrial Hardware, Security Products and Metal Products.
Industrial Hardware
The Industrial Hardware segment consists of Eberhard Manufacturing, Eberhard Hardware Manufacturing Ltd., Canadian Commercial Vehicles Corporation, Composite Panel Technologies, Eastern Industrial Ltd. and Sesamee Mexicana, S.A. de C.V. The units design, manufacture and market a diverse product line of industrial and vehicular hardware throughout North America. The segment’s locks, latches, hinges, handles, lightweight honeycomb composite structures and related hardware can be found on tractor-trailer trucks, moving vans, off-road construction and farming equipment, school buses, military vehicles
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and recreational boats. They are also used on pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles and fire and rescue vehicles. In addition, the segment manufactures a wide selection of fasteners and other closure devices used to secure access doors on various types of industrial equipment such as metal cabinets, machinery housings and electronic instruments. Eastern Industrial expands the range of offerings of this segment to include plastic injection molding.
Typical products include passenger restraint locks, slam and draw latches, dead bolt latches, compression latches, cam-type vehicular locks, hinges, tool box locks, light-weight sleeper boxes and vents for Class 8 trucks and school bus door closure hardware. The products are sold directly to original equipment manufacturers and to distributors through a distribution channel consisting of in-house salesmen and outside sales representatives. Sales and customer service efforts are concentrated through in-house sales personnel where greater representation of our diverse product lines can be promoted across a variety of markets.
The Industrial Hardware segment sells its products to a diverse array of markets, such as the truck, bus and automotive industries as well as to the industrial equipment, military and marine sectors. Although service, quality and price are major criteria for servicing these markets, the continued introduction of new or improved product designs and the acquisition of synergistic product lines are vital for maintaining and increasing market share.
Security Products
The Security Products segment, made up of Greenwald Industries, Argo Transdata, Illinois Lock Company/CCL Security Products, World Lock Company Ltd., Dongguan Reeworld Security Products Ltd. and World Security Industries Ltd., is a leading manufacturer of security products. This segment manufactures electronic and mechanical locking devices, both keyed and keyless, for the computer, electronics, vending and gaming industries. The segment also supplies its products to the luggage, furniture, laboratory equipment and commercial laundry industries. Greenwald manufactures and markets coin acceptors and other coin security products used primarily in the commercial laundry markets, as well as hardware and accessories for the appliance industry. In addition, the segment provides a new level of security for the commercial laundry industry through the use of “smart card” technology. Argo Transdata supplies printed circuit boards and other electronic assemblies to Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEM”) in industries such as measurement systems, semiconductor equipment manufacturing, and industrial controls, medical and military markets.
Greenwald’s products include timers, drop meters, coin chutes, money boxes, meter cases, smart cards, value transfer stations, smart card readers, card management software, access control units, oven door latches, oven door switches and smoke eliminators. Illinois Lock Company/CCL Security Products sales include cabinet locks, cam locks, electric switch locks, tubular key locks and combination padlocks. Many of the products are sold under the names, SESAMEE®, PRESTOLOCK® and SEARCHALERT™. These products are sold to original equipment manufacturers, distributors, route operators, and locksmiths via in-house salesmen and outside sales representatives. Sales efforts are concentrated through national and regional sales personnel where greater representation of our diverse product lines can be promoted across a variety of markets.
The Security Products segment continuously seeks new markets where it can offer competitive pricing and provide customers with engineered solutions for their security needs.
Metal Products
The Metal Products segment, based at the Company’s Frazer & Jones facility, is the largest and most efficient producer of expansion shells for use in supporting the roofs of underground mines. This segment also manufactures specialty malleable and ductile iron castings.
Typical products include mine roof support anchors, couplers for railroad braking systems, support anchoring for construction and couplers/fittings for utility (oil, water and gas) industries. Mine roof support anchors are sold to bolt manufacturers while specialty castings are sold to original equipment manufacturers or machine houses.
General
Raw materials and outside services were readily available from domestic sources for all of the Company’s segments during 2015 and are expected to be readily available in 2016 and the foreseeable future. The Company also obtains materials from Asian affiliated and nonaffiliated sources. The Company has not experienced any significant problems obtaining material from its Asian sources in 2015 and does not expect any such problems in 2016. In 2013 and 2014, the Company experienced price increases for many of the raw materials used in producing its products, including: scrap iron, zinc, brass and stainless steel. In 2015 the Company experienced a price decline for many of these same materials. The Company expects raw material prices to stabilize and then continue to increase as demand for raw materials increases as the world economy grows. These raw material cost increases could negatively impact the Company’s gross margin if raw material prices increase too rapidly for the Company
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to recover those cost increases through either price increases to our customers or cost reductions in other areas of the businesses.
Patent protection for the various product lines within the Company is limited, but is sufficient to protect the Company’s competitive positions. Foreign sales and license agreements are not significant.
None of the Company’s business segments are seasonal.
Customer lists for all business segments are broad-based geographically and by markets, and sales are generally not highly concentrated by customer. One customer of the Metal Products segment, Jennmar Corporation, accounted for 10.5% of the Company’s consolidated sales in 2014 and 11.5% in 2013. No other customer exceeded 10% of total consolidated sales in 2015, 2014 or 2013.
The dollar amount of the backlog of orders received by the Company believed to be firm as of the fiscal year end January 2, 2016 is $27,622,000, as compared to $23,143,000 at January 3, 2015. The primary reasons for the increase from 2014 to 2015 were the timing of orders received from customers, the increase related to the opening of our new panel facility in North Carolina and the acquisition of Argo Transdata Corporation.
The Company encounters competition in all of its business segments. The Company has been successful in dealing with this competition by offering high quality diversified products with the flexibility of meeting customer needs on a timely basis. This is accomplished by effectively using internal engineering resources and cost effective manufacturing capabilities, expanding product lines through product development and acquisitions, and maintaining sufficient inventory for fast turnaround of customer orders. Imports from Asia and Latin America with favorable currency exchange rates and low cost labor have created additional competitive pressures. The Company currently utilizes four wholly-owned subsidiaries in Asia to help offset offshore competition.
Research and development expenditures in 2015 were $1,219,000 and represented less than 1% of gross revenues. In 2014 and 2013 they were $1,080,000 and $991,000, respectively. The research costs are primarily attributable to the Greenwald Industries and Eberhard Manufacturing divisions. Greenwald performs ongoing research, in both the mechanical and smart card product lines, which is necessary in order to remain competitive and to continue to provide technologically advanced smart card systems. Eberhard develops new products for the various markets they serve based on changing customer requirements to remain competitive. Other research projects include the development of various latches, rotaries and various transportation and industrial hardware products.
The Company does not anticipate that compliance with federal, state or local environmental laws or regulations will have a material effect on the Company’s capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position.
The average number of employees in 2015 was 911.
(d) Financial Information about Geographic Areas
The Company includes six separate operating divisions located within the United States, two wholly-owned Canadian subsidiaries (one located in Tillsonburg, Ontario, Canada, and one in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada), a wholly-owned Taiwanese subsidiary located in Taipei, Taiwan, a wholly-owned subsidiary in Hong Kong, two wholly-owned Chinese subsidiaries (one located in Shanghai, China, and one located in Dongguan, China) and a wholly-owned subsidiary in Lerma, Mexico.
Individually, the Canadian, Taiwanese, Hong Kong, Chinese and Mexican subsidiaries’ revenue and assets are not significant. Substantially all other revenues are derived from customers located in the United States.
Financial information about foreign and domestic operations’ revenues and identifiable assets is included in Note 11 to the Company’s financial statements, included at Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Information about risks attendant to the Company’s foreign operations is set forth at Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
e) Available Information
The Company makes available, free of charge through its Internet website at http://www.easterncompany.com, its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission. The public may read and
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copy any materials that the Company files with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549 or by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The Company’s reports filed with, or furnished to, the SEC are also available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

ITEM 1A | RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information contained in this Form 10-K and the exhibits hereto and the Company’s other filings with the SEC, the following risk factors should be considered carefully in evaluating the Company’s business. The Company’s business, financial condition or results of operation could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks or additional risks not presently known to the Company, or by risks the Company currently deems immaterial which may also adversely affect its business, financial condition, or results of operations, such as: changes in the economy, including changes in inflation, tax rates and interest rates; risk associated with possible disruption in the Company’s operations due to terrorism and other manmade or natural disasters; future regulatory actions, legal issues or environmental matters; loss of, or changes in, executive management; and changes in accounting standards which are adverse to the Company. Also, there can be no assurance that the Company has correctly identified and appropriately assessed all factors affecting its business or that information publicly available with respect to these matters is complete and correct.
The Company’s business is subject to risks associated with conducting business overseas.
International operations could be adversely affected by changes in political and economic conditions, trade protection measures, restrictions on repatriation of earnings, differing intellectual property rights, and changes in regulatory requirements that restrict the sales of products or increase costs. Changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other currencies could result in increases or decreases in earnings, and may adversely affect the value of the Company’s assets outside the United States. The Company’s operations are also subject to the effects of international trade agreements and regulations. Although generally these trade agreements have positive effects, they can also impose requirements that adversely affect the Company’s business, such as setting quotas on product that may be imported from a particular country into the Company’s key markets in North America.
The Company’s ability to import products in a timely and cost-effective manner may also be affected by conditions at ports or issues that otherwise affect transportation and warehousing providers, such as port and shipping capacity, labor disputes, severe weather or increased homeland security requirements in the United States or other countries. These issues could delay importation of products or require the Company to locate alternative ports or warehousing providers to avoid disruption to customers. These alternatives may not be available on short notice or could result in higher transit costs, which could have an adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial conditions or results of operations.
See also “ITEM 7A - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK” of this Form 10-K.
In addition, the Company’s growth strategy involves expanding sales of its products into foreign markets. There is no guarantee that the Company’s products will be accepted by foreign customers or how long it may take to develop sales of the Company’s products in these foreign markets.
Increases in the price or reduced availability of raw materials.
Raw materials needed to manufacture products are obtained from numerous suppliers. Under normal market conditions, these raw materials are readily available on the open market from a variety of producers. However, from time to time the prices and availability of these raw materials fluctuate, which could impair the Company’s ability to procure the required raw materials for its operations or increase the cost of manufacturing its products. If the price of raw materials increases, the Company may be unable to pass these increases on to its customers and could experience reduction to its profit margins. Also, any decrease in the availability of raw materials could impair the Company’s ability to meet production requirements in a timely manner.
Increased competition in the markets the Company services could impact revenues and earnings.
Any change in competition may result in lost market share or reduced prices, which could result in reduced profit margins. This may impair the ability to grow or even maintain current levels of revenues and earnings. While the Company has an extensive
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customer base, loss of certain customers could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations until such business is replaced, and no assurances can be made that the Company would be able to regain or replace any lost customers.
The Company is required to evaluate its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
The Company is an “accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is required to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Section 404 requires the Company to include in its report management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of the end of the fiscal period for which the Company is filing its Form 10-K. This report must also include disclosure of any material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting that the Company has identified. Additionally, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm is required to issue a report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and their evaluation of the operating effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s assessment requires it to make subjective judgments, and the independent registered public accounting firm may not agree with the Company’s assessment. If the Company or its independent registered public accounting firm were unable to complete the assessments within the period prescribed by Section 404 and thus be unable to conclude that the internal control over financial reporting is effective, investors could lose confidence in the Company’s reported financial information, which could have an adverse effect on the market price of the Company’s common stock or impact the Company’s borrowing ability. In addition, changes in operating conditions and changes in compliance with policies and procedures currently in place may result in inadequate internal control over financial reporting in the future.
The inability to identify or complete acquisitions could limit future growth.
As part of its growth strategy, the Company continues to pursue acquisitions of complementary products or businesses. The ability to grow through acquisitions depends upon the Company’s ability to identify, negotiate, complete and integrate suitable acquisitions. The Company makes certain assumptions based on the information provided by potential acquisition candidates and also conducts due diligence to ensure the information provided is accurate and based on reasonable assumptions. However, the Company may be unable to realize the anticipated benefits from an acquisition or predict accurately how an acquisition will ultimately affect the business, financial condition or results of operations.
Demand for new products and the inability to develop and introduce new competitive products at favorable profit margins could adversely affect the Company’s performance and prospects for future growth, and the Company would not be positioned to maintain current levels of revenues and earnings.
The uncertainties associated with developing and introducing new products, such as the market demands and the costs of development and production, may impede the successful development and introduction of new products. Acceptance of the new products may not meet sales expectations due to several factors, such as the Company’s failure to accurately predict market demand or its inability to resolve technical issues in a timely and cost-effective manner. Additionally, the inability to develop new products on a timely basis could result in the loss of business to competitors.
The Company could be subject to litigation which could have a material impact on the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.
From time to time, the Company’s operations are parties to or targets of lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings, including product liability, personal injury, patent and intellectual property, commercial, contract, environmental and employment matters, which are defended and settled in the ordinary course of business. While the Company is unable to predict the outcome of any of these matters, it does not believe, based upon currently available information, that the resolution of any pending matter will have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations. See “ITEM 3 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS” in this Form 10-K for a discussion of current litigation.
The Company could be subject to additional tax liabilities.
The Company is subject to income tax laws in the United States, its states and municipalities and those of other foreign jurisdictions in which the Company has business operations. These laws are complex and subject to interpretations by the
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taxpayer and the relevant governmental taxing authorities. Significant judgment and interpretation is required in determining the Company’s worldwide provision for income taxes. In the ordinary course of business, transactions arise where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Although the Company believes its tax estimates are reasonable, the final outcome of tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different from that which is reflected in historical income tax provisions and accruals. Based on the status of a given tax audit or related litigation, a material effect on the Company’s income tax provision or net income may result during the period or periods from the initial recognition of a particular matter in the Company’s reported financial results to the final closure of that tax audit or settlement of related litigation when the ultimate tax and related cash flow is known with certainty.
The Company’s goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets may become impaired, which could require a significant charge to earnings to be recognized.
Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but are reviewed for impairment at least annually. Future operating results used in the assumptions, such as sales or profit forecasts, may not materialize, and the Company could be required to record a significant charge to earnings in the financial statements during the period in which any impairment is determined, resulting in an unfavorable impact on our results of operations. Numerous assumptions are used in the evaluation of impairment, and there is no guarantee that the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm would reach the same conclusion as the Company or an independent valuation firm, which could result in a disagreement between management and the independent registered public accounting firm.
The Company may need additional capital in the future, and it may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
From time-to-time, the Company has historically relied on outside financing to fund expanded operations, capital expenditure programs and acquisitions. The Company may require additional capital in the future to fund operations or strategic opportunities. The Company cannot be assured that additional financing will be available on favorable terms, or at all. In addition, the terms of available financing may place limits on the Company’s financial and operating flexibility. If the Company is unable to obtain sufficient capital in the future, the Company may not be able to expand or acquire complementary businesses and may not be able to continue to develop new products or otherwise respond to changing business conditions or competitive pressures.
The Company’s stock price may become highly volatile due to low float, which is the number of shares of the Company’s common stock that are outstanding and available for trading by the public.
The Company’s stock price may change dramatically when buyers seeking to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock exceed the shares available on the market, or when there are no buyers to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock when shareholders are trying to sell their shares.
The Company may not be able to reach acceptable terms for contracts negotiated with its labor unions and be subject to work stoppages or disruption of production.
During 2016, none of the union contracts covering the workforce of the Company will expire. The Company has been successful in negotiating new contracts over the years, but cannot guarantee that will continue. Failure to negotiate new union contracts could result in disruption of production, inability to deliver product or a number of unforeseen circumstances, any of which could have an unfavorable material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial statements.
Deterioration in the creditworthiness of several major customers could have a material impact on the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.
Included as a significant asset on the Company’s balance sheet are accounts receivable from our customers. If several large customers become insolvent or otherwise unable to pay for products, or become unwilling or unable to make payments in a timely manner, it could have an unfavorable material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial statements.
Although the Company is not dependent on any one customer, deterioration in several large customers at the same time could have an unfavorable material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial statements. No customers exceeded 10% of total accounts receivable for 2015, 2014 or 2013.
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The Company’s operating results may fluctuate, which makes the results of operations difficult to predict and could cause the results to fall short of expectations.
The Company’s operating results may fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, many outside of our control. As a result, comparing the Company’s operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful, and past results should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Quarterly, year to date and annual costs and expenses as a percentage of revenue may differ significantly from historical or projected rates. Future operating results may fall below expectations. These types of events could cause the price of the Company’s stock to fall.
New or existing U.S. or foreign laws could subject the Company to claims or otherwise impact the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.
The Company is subject to a variety of laws in both the U.S. and foreign countries that are costly to comply with, can result in negative publicity and diversion of management time and effort, and can subject the Company to claims or other remedies.

ITEM 1B | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2 | PROPERTIES

The corporate office of the Company is located in Naugatuck, Connecticut in a two-story 8,000 square foot administrative building on 3.2 acres of land.
All of the Company’s properties are owned or leased and are adequate to satisfy current requirements. All of the Company’s properties have the necessary flexibility to cover any long-term expansion requirements.
The Industrial Hardware Group includes the following:
The Eberhard Manufacturing Division in Strongsville, Ohio owns 9.6 acres of land and a building containing 157,580 square feet, located in an industrial park. The building is steel frame, one-story, having curtain walls of brick, glass and insulated steel panel. The building has two high bays, one of which houses two units of automated warehousing.
The Eberhard Hardware Manufacturing, Ltd., a wholly-owned Canadian subsidiary in Tillsonburg, Ontario, owns 4.4 acres of land and a building containing 31,000 square feet in an industrial park. The building is steel frame, one-story, having curtain walls of brick, glass and insulated steel panel. It is particularly suited for light fabrication, assembly and warehousing and is adequate for long-term expansion requirements.
The Canadian Commercial Vehicles Corporation (“CCV”), a wholly-owned subsidiary in Kelowna, British Columbia, leases 46,385 square feet of building space located in an industrial park. The building is made from brick and concrete, contains approximately 5,400 square feet of office space on two levels and houses a modern paint booth for finishing our products. The building is protected by a F1 rated fire suppression system and alarmed for fire and security. The current lease expires December 31, 2018 and is renewable.
The Composite Panel Technologies Division (“CPT”) in Salisbury, North Carolina, leases 70,000 square feet of building space located in an industrial park. The building is made from brick and concrete, contains approximately 6,600 square feet of office space on one level and houses a modern paint booth for finishing our products. The building is protected by a water sprinkler fire suppression system and alarmed for fire and security. The current lease expires October 31, 2019 and is renewable.
The Eastern Industrial Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary in Shanghai, China, leases brick and concrete buildings containing approximately 47,500 square feet, located in both industrial and commercial areas. A two year lease was signed in 2014, which expires on April 30, 2016 and is renewable on an annual basis.
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The Sesamee Mexicana subsidiary leases 42,588 square feet in a facility located in an industrial park in Lerma, Mexico. The current lease expires November 30, 2020 and is renewable. The building is steel framed with concrete block and glass curtain walls.
The Security Products Group includes the following:
The Greenwald Industries Division in Chester, Connecticut owns 26 acres of land and a building containing 120,000 square feet. The building is steel frame, one story, having brick over concrete blocks.
The Illinois Lock Company/CCL Security Products Division owns 2.5 acres of land and a building containing 44,000 square feet in Wheeling, Illinois. The building is brick and located in an industrial park.
The Argo Transdata Division leases approximately 17,000 square feet located in an industrial park in Clinton, CT. The building is a two-story steel framed structure and is situated on 2.9 acres of land. The current lease expires April 1, 2016 and has been renewed for an additional 3 years expiring March 31, 2019.
The World Lock Co. Ltd. subsidiary leases 5,285 square feet located in Taipei, Taiwan. The building is made from brick and concrete and is protected by a fire alarm and sprinklers.
The Dongguan Reeworld Security Products Company Ltd. subsidiary was established in July 2013 to manufacture locks and hardware and leases 118,000 square feet of concrete buildings in an industrial park located in Dongguan, China. A five-year lease was signed in 2013, which expires June 30, 2018 and is renewable.
The Metal Products Group consists of:
The Frazer and Jones Division in Solvay, New York owns 17.9 acres of land and buildings containing 205,000 square feet constructed for foundry use. These facilities are well adapted to handle the division’s current and future casting requirements.
All owned properties are free and clear of any encumbrances.

ITEM 3 | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

During the fourth quarter of 2010, the Company was contacted by the State of Illinois regarding potential ground contamination at our plant in Wheeling, Illinois. The Company enrolled in a voluntary remediation program in Illinois and engaged an environmental engineering company to perform testing and develop a remediation plan. In late July, 2015, the Illinois EPA granted conditional approval of a remediation plan which basically states that institutional controls would be implemented on the site for venting gasses trapped in the soil under the slab on which the building is situated. Test borings have been performed to determine the optimal location to place piping for a simple exhaust system to be installed. This study was completed during the 4th quarter of this year and the required exhaust system will be installed in 2016. Once completed, it is expected that the Illinois EPA will issue a letter stating that no further remediation is needed, and that there is a restriction limiting the future use to an industrial/commercial property. The Company does not expect any remediation cost to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. While no final estimate for the cost of remediation was available, it is expected that the cost will be approximately $30,000. As of January 2, 2016, the Company had provided for about $26,000 in remediation costs.
There are no other legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the Company’s business, to which either the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or to which any of their property is the subject.

ITEM 4 | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.
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PART II

ITEM 5 | MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company’s common stock is traded on the NASDAQ (ticker symbol EML). The approximate number of record holders of the Company common stock on January 2, 2016 was 390.
High and low stock prices and dividends for the last two years were:

| 2015 |  |  | 2014
| Market Price |  |  |  | Market Price |
Quarter | High | Low | Dividend |  | Quarter | High | Low | Dividend
First | $20.67 | $16.75 | $.11 |  | First | $17.71 | $15.35 | $.11
Second | 20.66 | 18.10 | .11 |  | Second | 17.74 | 15.05 | .11
Third | 18.74 | 15.75 | .12 # |  | Third | 16.45 | 15.15 | .15 ##
Fourth | 19.27 | 15.82 | .11 |  | Fourth | 18.49 | 15.29 | .11

# - Includes $0.01 per share redemption for the termination of the 2008 Shareholders Rights Agreement
## - The Company paid an additional one-time extra dividend of $0.04 in the third quarter of 2014.
The Company expects to continue its policy of paying regular cash dividends, although there is no assurance as to future dividends because they are dependent on future earnings, capital requirements, and financial conditions. The payment of dividends is subject to the restrictions of the Company’s loan agreement if such payment would result in an event of default. See Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Note 5 to the Company’s financial statements included at Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following table sets forth information regarding securities authorized for issuance under the Company’s equity compensation plans as of January 2, 2016, consisting of the Company’s 2010 plan.

Equity Compensation Plan Information
Plan category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights |  | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights |  | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
| (a) |  | (b) |  | (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | - |  | - |  | 500,0001
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | - |  | - |  | -
Total | - |  | - |  | 500,000

1 Includes shares available for future issuance under the 2010 plan.
Each director who is not an employee of the Company (“Outside Director”) is paid a director’s fee for his services at the annual rate of $30,000 plus additional fees ($1,200 for in person attendance, or $800 for telephonic attendance) for unscheduled meetings. All annual fees paid to non-employee members of the Board of Directors of the Company are paid in common stock of the Company or cash, in accordance with the Directors Fee Program adopted by the shareholders on March 26, 1997 and amended on January 5, 2004. The directors make an annual election, within a reasonable time before their first quarterly payment, to receive their fees in the form of cash, stock or a combination thereof. The election remains in force for one year.
There were no issuer sales of any unregistered securities during fiscal years 2015, 2014 or 2013.
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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period | (a) Total Number of Shares Purchased | (b) Average Price Paid per Share | (c ) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | (d) Maximum Number that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 5 – August 1, 2015 | -- | -- | -- | --
August 2 – August 29, 2015 | -- | -- | -- | --
August 30 – October 3, 2015 | 6,652 | $16.07 | -- | --
October 4 – October 31, 2015 | 7,804 | $16.05 | -- | --
November 1 – November 28, 2015 | -- | -- | -- | --
November 29, 2015 – January 2, 2016 | -- | -- | -- | --
Total | 14,456 | $16.06 | -- | --

The figures shown in the table above are for shares purchased by The Salaried Employees’ Retirement Plan of The Eastern Company during the third and fourth quarter of 2015. The Company does not have any share repurchase plans or programs.
Stock Performance Graph
The following graph sets forth the Company’s cumulative total shareholder return based upon an initial $100 investment made on December 31, 2010 (i.e., stock appreciation plus dividends during the past five fiscal years) compared to the Russell 2000 Index and the S&P Industrial Machinery Index.
The Company manufactures and markets a broad range of locks, latches, fasteners and other security hardware that meets the diverse security and safety needs of industrial and commercial customers. Consequently, while the S&P Industrial Machinery Index being used for comparison is the standard index most closely related to the Company, it does not completely represent the Company’s products or market applications. The Russell 2000 is a small cap market index of the smallest 2,000 stocks in the Russell 3000 Index.

| Dec. 10 | Dec. 11 | Dec. 12 | Dec. 13 | Dec. 14 | Dec. 15
The Eastern Company | $100 | $114 | $93 | $96 | $106 | $120
Russell 2000 | $100 | $96 | $111 | $155 | $162 | $155
S&P Industrial Machinery | $100 | $91 | $116 | $169 | $177 | $170
Copyright© 2016 Standard & Poor's, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. (www.researchdatagroup.com/S&P.htm)

Copyright© 2016 Russell Investment Group. All rights reserved.
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ITEM 6 | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

| 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011
INCOME STATEMENT ITEMS (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |
Net sales | $ 144,568 | $ 140,825 | $ 142,458 | $ 157,509 | $ 142,856
Cost of products sold | 112,187 | 108,339 | 112,311 | 124,157 | 115,504
Depreciation and amortization | 3,921 | 3,486 | 3,825 | 3,440 | 3,707
Interest expense | 185 | 255 | 323 | 369 | 231
Income before income taxes | 8,021 | 11,529 | 10,114 | 13,225 | 8,507
Income taxes | 2,294 | 3,867 | 3,212 | 4,599 | 3,002
Net income | 5,727 | 7,661 | 6,902 | 8,626 | 5,505
Dividends # | 2,811 | 2,987 | 2,613 | 3,109 | 2,224
BALANCE SHEET ITEMS (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |
Inventories | $ 36,842 | $ 34,402 | $ 30,658 | $ 29,385 | $ 29,793
Working capital | 60,105 | 57,845 | 57,379 | 56,920 | 48,681
Property, plant and equipment, net | 26,801 | 28,051 | 27,392 | 25,661 | 24,634
Total assets | 121,739 | 121,271 | 113,858 | 115,854 | 106,700
Shareholders’ equity | 79,405 | 74,975 | 81,505 | 71,582 | 69,158
Capital expenditures | 2,538 | 3,633 | 5,524 | 4,217 | 3,395
Long-term obligations, less current portion | 1,786 | 3,214 | 4,286 | 6,071 | 3,036
PER SHARE DATA |  |  |  |  |
Net income per share |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ .92 | $ 1.23 | $ 1.11 | $ 1.39 | $ .89
Diluted | .92 | 1.23 | 1.11 | 1.38 | .89
Dividends # | .45 | .48 | .42 | .50 | .36
Shareholders’ equity (Basic) | 12.71 | 12.04 | 13.10 | 11.51 | 11.19
Average shares outstanding: | Basic | 6,245,057 | 6,225,068 | 6,220,928 | 6,216,931 | 6,178,664
| Diluted | 6,245,057 | 6,237,914 | 6,237,758 | 6,233,375 | 6,216,193

# - 2015 dividends include a $0.01 per share redemption for the termination of the 2008 Shareholder Rights Agreement. 2014 dividends include a one-time extra payment of $0.04 per share distributed on 9/15/2014. 2012 dividends include a one-time extra payment of $0.10 per share distributed on 12/14/2012.

ITEM 7 | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Summary |

Net sales for 2015 increased 3% to $144.6 million from $140.8 million in 2014. Net sales in the Industrial Hardware segment increased approximately 5% in 2015. Major sales increases came from a 30% increase of products sold into the military aftermarket and a 27% increase in sales of our paddle rotary latches and hinges for the class 5 and 6 light service body vehicles market over 2014 sales. Other existing products remained mixed with modest gains realized in the distribution, trailer, and other truck equipment markets. The Industrial Hardware segment experienced sales decreases in the bus market, sport and recreational markets and in our lightweight composite panels used primarily in the class 8 truck markets. Net sales in the Security Products segment increased approximately 15% in 2015, primarily as a result of the acquisition of Argo Transdata in December of 2014 which contributed 10% in new sales in 2015. Also contributing to increased sales was a 35% increase in sales of our electronic payment solutions systems sold in both the domestic and international markets. The Metal Products segment net sales decreased approximately 19% in 2015 compared to the prior year period, reflecting lower demand for existing products primarily in the U.S. coal mining market. Demand for coal continues to weaken as lower energy prices in oil and natural gas as well as excessive coal inventories sharply reduce demand for our mining products. This market is expected to continue to remain soft into 2016. The Company is monitoring the reduction in mining orders closely and preparing to make the necessary cost reductions as deemed appropriate. The Metal Products segment is actively developing new products in the utility, rail and construction markets to offset the softening in mining products. Net income for 2015 decreased 25% to $5.7 million, or $.92 per diluted share, from $7.7 million, or $1.23 per diluted share in 2014. The decrease in net income was the
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result of cost incurred in a proxy contest in the first half of the year negatively impacting earnings by ($0.21) per diluted share. Also, effecting earnings was the sharp decrease in sales in the Metal Products segment where sales of our mining product were down 17% from 2014 levels.
Fourth Quarter 2015 Compared to Fourth Quarter 2014
The following table shows, for the fourth quarter of 2015 and 2014, selected line items from the consolidated statements of income as a percentage of net sales, by segment.

|  | 2015 Fourth Quarter |
|  | Industrial | Security | Metal |  |  |
|  | Hardware | Products | Products | Total |
Net sales |  | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | %
Cost of products sold |  | 75.1 | % | 71.5 | % | 90.5 | % | 76.5 | %
Gross margin |  | 24.9 | % | 28.5 | % | 9.5 | % | 23.5 | %
Selling and administrative expense |  | 16.9 | % | 20.0 | % | 9.1 | % | 16.7 | %
Operating profit |  | 8.0 | % | 8.5 | % | 0.4 | % | 6.8 | %
|  | 2014 Fourth Quarter |
|  | Industrial | Security | Metal |  |  |
|  | Hardware | Products | Products | Total |
Net sales |  | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | %
Cost of products sold |  | 73.7 | % | 72.6 | % | 81.1 | % | 75.1 | %
Gross margin |  | 26.3 | % | 27.4 | % | 18.9 | % | 24.9 | %
Selling and administrative expense |  | 18.9 | % | 19.1 | % | 8.7 | % | 16.5 | %
Operating profit |  | 7.4 | % | 8.3 | % | 10.2 | % | 8.4 | %

The following table shows the amount of change from the fourth quarter of 2014 to the fourth quarter of 2015 in sales, cost of products sold, gross margin, selling and administrative expenses and operating profit, by segment (dollars in thousands).

|  | Industrial |  | Security |  | Metal |  |  |
|  | Hardware |  | Products |  | Products |  | Total |
Net sales |  | $ | 640 |  | $ | 1,502 |  | $ | (2,121 | ) | $ | 21 |
Volume |  |  | -6.7 | % |  | 10.4 | % |  | -25.6 | % |  | -5.4 | %
Prices |  |  | 0.1 | % |  | 0.5 | % |  | 0.0 | % |  | 0.2 | %
New Products |  |  | 11.0 | % |  | 2.0 | % |  | 0.0 | % |  | 5.3 | %
|  |  | 4.4 | % |  | 12.9 | % |  | -25.6 | % |  | 0.1 | %
Cost of products sold |  | $ | 673 |  | $ | 945 |  | $ | (1,141 | ) | $ | 477 |
|  |  | 6.3 | % |  | 11.2 | % |  | -17.0 | % |  | 1.8 | %
Gross margin |  | $ | (33 | ) | $ | 557 |  | $ | (980 | ) | $ | (456 | )
|  |  | -0.9 | % |  | 17.5 | % |  | -62.6 | % |  | 5.3 | %
Selling and administrative expenses |  | $ | (165 | ) | $ | 402 |  | $ | (158 | ) | $ | 79 |
|  |  | -6.1 | % |  | 18.1 | % |  | -21.9 | % |  | 1.4 | %
Operating profit |  | $ | 133 |  | $ | 155 |  | $ | (822 | ) | $ | (534 | )
|  |  | 12.4 | % |  | 16.0 | % |  | -97.3 | % |  | -18.5 | %

Net sales in the fourth quarter of 2015 were comparable to fourth quarter 2014 sales of $34.4 million. Sales increased in the Industrial Hardware segment by 4% as compared to the fourth quarter sales on 2014. Sales increased 54% in the military aftermarket, 2% in distribution and 31% in other miscellaneous markets, offset by decreases in sales in the service body and truck equipment market by 12%, trailers and bus markets by 11%, sports and recreational vehicle market by 4% and lightweight composite panels by 9%. Security Products segment sales in the fourth quarter increased by 13% compared to the fourth quarter of 2014. Contributing to this increase was a 40% increase in sales from the fourth quarter of 2014 in our electronic payment
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solutions systems sold in both domestic and international markets, and the acquisition of Argo Transdata in December of 2014 and which added an additional 6% of sales to the Security Products segment. The Metal Products segment sales declined 26% from sales in the fourth quarter of 2014 as a result of a decline in the products sold into the U.S. coal mining industry. Demand for coal continues to weaken as lower energy prices for oil and natural gas as well as excessive coal inventories sharply reduce demand for our mining products. The Company is actively developing new customers in the contract casting business and is close to producing product to help offset this softening in the mining industry. This market is expected to remain soft into 2016. The Company continues to monitor this market closely, and is preparing to make the necessary cost reductions as deemed appropriate.
Cost of products sold in the fourth quarter increased $0.5 million or 2% from 2014 to 2015. The most significant factors resulting in changes in cost of products sold in the fourth quarter of 2015 compared to 2014 fourth quarter included:

§ | an increase of $0.6 million or 5% in raw material costs;

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 1% in costs for payroll and payroll related charges;

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 26% in engineering costs;

§ | an increase of $0.3 million or 526% in foreign exchange gain;

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 169% in miscellaneous taxes;

§ | a decrease of $0.1 million or 72% in scrap sales;

§ | a decrease of $0.2 million or 12% in costs for supplies and tools;

§ | a decrease of $0.2 million or 20% in utility expenses;

§ | and a decrease of $0.1 million or 11% in shipping expenses.

Gross margin as a percentage of net sales for the fourth quarter of 2015 was 24% compared to 25% in the fourth quarter of 2014. The decrease is primarily the result of the changes in cost of products sold enumerated above, the mix of products produced, and lower production capacity being consumed in our Metals Products segment.
Selling and administrative expenses for the fourth quarter of 2015 increased $0.1 million or 1% compared to the prior year quarter. The most significant factor resulting in changes in selling and administrative expenses in the fourth quarter of 2015 compared to 2014 fourth quarter was:

§ | an increase of $0.2 million or 29% in other administration charges;

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 67% in patent amortization costs;

§ | and a decrease of $0.2 million or 5% in costs for payroll and payroll related charges;

Net income for the fourth quarter of 2015 decreased 14% to $1.7 million (or $.28 per diluted share) from $2.0 million (or $.33 per diluted share) a year earlier.
Authoritative Accounting Guidance
In July 2012, the FASB issued authoritative guidance to amend previous guidance on the annual and interim testing of indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment. The guidance provides entities with the option of first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. If it is determined, on the basis of qualitative factors, that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is more likely than not less than the carrying amount, a quantitative impairment test would still be required. The Company adopted this guidance effective December 30, 2012 and it had no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
In February 2013, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which adds new disclosure requirements for items reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The guidance requires that an entity present either in a single note or parenthetically on the face of the financial statements, the effect of significant amounts reclassified from each component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income based on its source and the income statement line items affected by the reclassification. The guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2012. The Company adopted this guidance effective December 30, 2012 and it had no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
In July 2013, the FASB issued authoritative guidance that requires an entity to net its liability for unrecognized tax positions against a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss or a tax credit carryforward when settlement in this manner is available under the tax law. The guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2013. The Company adopted this guidance effective December 29, 2013 and it had no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
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In April 2014, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which changes the criteria for determining which disposals can be presented as discontinued operations and modifies the related disclosure requirements. To qualify as a discontinued operation the standard requires a disposal to represent a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on an entity's operations and financial results. The standard also expands the disclosures for discontinued operations and requires new disclosures related to individually material dispositions that do not qualify as discontinued operations. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2014, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this guidance with its fiscal year effective January 4, 2015 and did not have any impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company. This guidance will impact the reporting of any future dispositions.
In May 2014, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which impacts virtually all aspects of an entity's revenue recognition. The core principle of the new standard is that revenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company has not determined the impact of the adoption of this guidance on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
In July 2015, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which requires a company to change its valuation method of inventory from the lower of cost or market (market being replacement cost, net realizable value or net realizable value less an approximate profit margin) to the lower of cost or net realizable value. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendment should be applied prospectively with earlier application permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The adoption of this amendment is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
In September 2015, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which will simplify the accounting for adjustments made to provisional amounts recognized in a business combination. U.S. GAPP currently requires that during the measurement period, the acquirer retrospectively adjust the provisional amounts recognized at the acquisition date with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill. The amendments require that the acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments should be applied prospectively to adjustments to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date with earlier application permitted for financial statements that have not yet been issued. The adoption of this amendment is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect and that could impact its consolidated financial statements and does not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued, but are not yet effective, that might have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions regarding uncertainties that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Areas of uncertainty that require judgments, estimates and assumptions include items such as the accounting for derivatives; environmental matters; the testing of goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment; proceeds on assets to be sold; pensions and other postretirement benefits; and tax matters. Management uses historical experience and all available information to make its estimates and assumptions, but actual results will inevitably differ from the estimates and assumptions that are used to prepare the Company’s financial statements at any given time. Despite these inherent limitations, management believes that Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the financial statements and related footnotes provide a meaningful and fair presentation of the Company.
Management believes that the application of these estimates and assumptions on a consistent basis enables the Company to provide the users of the financial statements with useful and reliable information about the Company’s operating results and financial condition.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The Company reviews the collectibility of its receivables on an ongoing basis taking into account a combination of factors. The Company reviews potential problems, such as past due accounts, a bankruptcy filing or
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deterioration in the customer’s financial condition, to ensure the Company is adequately accrued for potential loss. Accounts are considered past due based on when payment was originally due. If a customer’s situation changes, such as a bankruptcy or creditworthiness, or there is a change in the current economic climate, the Company may modify its estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company will write off accounts receivable after reasonable collection efforts have been made and the accounts are deemed uncollectible.
Inventory Reserve
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined by the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) method at the Company’s U.S. facilities. Accordingly, a LIFO valuation reserve is calculated using the dollar value link chain method.
We review the net realizable value of inventory in detail on an ongoing basis, giving consideration to deterioration, obsolescence and other factors. Based on these assessments, we provide for an inventory reserve in the period in which an impairment is identified. The reserve fluctuates with market conditions, design cycles and other economic factors.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized generally on a straight-line basis over the periods benefited. Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized. The Company performed its most recent qualitative assessment as of the end of fiscal 2015 and determined it is more likely than not that no impairment of goodwill existed at the end of 2015. The Company will perform annual qualitative assessments in subsequent years as of the end of each fiscal year. Additionally, the Company will perform interim analysis whenever conditions warrant.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
The amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements related to pension and other postretirement benefits are determined from actuarial valuations. Inherent in these valuations are assumptions about such factors as expected return on plan assets, discount rates at which liabilities could be settled, rate of increase in future compensation levels, mortality rates, and trends in health insurance costs. These assumptions are reviewed annually and updated as required. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, actual results that differ from the assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, therefore, affect the expense recognized and obligations recorded in future periods.
The discount rate used is based on a single equivalent discount rate derived with the assistance of our actuaries by matching expected future benefit payments in each year to the corresponding spot rates from the Citigroup Pension Liability Yield Curve, comprised of high quality (rated AA or better) corporate bonds. Effective January 3, 2016, the Company elected to refine its approach for calculating its Service and Interest Costs in future years by applying the specific spot rates along the selected yield curve to the relevant projected cash flows. The Company believes this method more precisely measures its obligations.
The expected long-term rate of return on assets is also developed with input from the Company’s actuarial firms. We consider the Company’s historical experience with pension fund asset performance, the current and expected allocation of our plan assets, and expected long-term rates of return. The long-term rate-of-return assumption used for determining net periodic pension expense for 2015 and 2014 was 8.0%. The Company reviews the long-term rate of return each year.
Future actual pension income and expense will depend on future investment performance, changes in future discount rates and various other factors related to the population of participants in the Company’s pension plans.
The Company expects to make cash contributions of approximately $3.1 million and $118,000 to its pension plans and postretirement plan, respectively, in 2016.
In connection with its pension and other postretirement benefits, the Company reported a $3.5 million, ($10.4) million and $6.3 million gain/(loss) (net of tax) on its Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income in Fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. While the main factor driving these gains/(loss) is the discount rate changes during the applicable period, in Fiscal 2014 the loss was also impacted to a lesser degree by the Company’s adoption of new mortality tables for all of its plans and a change of actuarial firms for one of its plans.
Assumptions used to determine net periodic pension benefit cost for the fiscal years indicated were as follows:

| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Discount rate | 3.90% |  | 4.80% |  | 3.90%
Expected return on plan assets | 8.0% |  | 8.0% |  | 8.0%
Rate of compensation increase | 3.25% |  | 3.25% |  | 3.25%

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Assumptions used to determine net periodic postretirement benefit cost are the same as those assumptions used for the pension benefit cost, except that the rate of compensation is not applicable for postretirement benefit cost.
The changes in assumptions had the following effect on the net periodic pension and postretirement costs recorded in Other Comprehensive Income as follows:

|  |  |  | Year ended |  |  |
|  | January 2 |  | January 3 |  | December 28 |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2013 |
Discount rate |  | $ | 4,208,918 |  | $ | (11,046,554 | ) | $ | 7,454,548 |
Mortality table |  |  | -- |  |  | (2,883,430 | ) |  | -- |
Plan amendments |  |  | -- |  |  | -- |  |  | (132,378 | )
Asset gain or loss |  |  | (577,892 | ) |  | (257,073 | ) |  | 545,336 |
Amortization of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrecognized gain or loss |  |  | 1,947,102 |  |  | 944,130 |  |  | 1,439,253 |
Unrecognized prior service cost |  |  | 194,696 |  |  | 194,697 |  |  | 232,571 |
Other |  |  | (415,479 | ) |  | (3,105,095 | ) |  | 152,403 |
Comprehensive income, before tax |  |  | 5,357,345 |  |  | (16,153,325 | ) |  | 9,691,733 |
Income tax |  |  | 1,899,285 |  |  | (5,767,236 | ) |  | 3,437,175 |
Comprehensive income, net of tax |  | $ | 3,458,060 |  | $ | (10,386,089 | ) | $ | 6,254,558 |

During 2014, the Company changed actuaries for one of its pension plans. As a result of the new actuary’s following a different process, there was an approximate $3 million increase in benefit obligations for this plan. We have reviewed the increase with the new actuary and agree that the increase should be included in the Plan’s liability as of the end of Fiscal 2014. This amount is included in the Other category in the above chart. We also reviewed the new actuary’s process, analysis and results and believe they are appropriate for reporting purposes.
The Company has been investing a portion of the assets in long-term bonds in an effort to better match the impact of changes in interest rates on its assets and liabilities, and thus reduce some of the volatility in Other Comprehensive Income. Please refer to Note 10 – Retirement Benefit Plans in Item 8 of the Form 10-K for additional disclosures concerning the Company’s pension and postretirement benefit plans.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Fiscal 2015 Compared to Fiscal 2014
The following table shows, for 2015 and 2014, selected line items from the consolidated statements of income as a percentage of net sales, by segment.

|  | Industrial | Security | Metal |  |
|  | Hardware | Products | Products | Total
|  | 2015
Net sales |  | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | %
Cost of products sold |  | 74.8 | % | 74.4 | % | 90.8 | % | 77.6 | %
Gross margin |  | 25.2 | % | 25.6 | % | 9.2 | % | 22.4 | %
Selling and administrative expense |  | 18.2 | % | 18.9 | % | 9.5 | % | 16.8 | %
Operating profit |  | 7.0 | % | 6.7 | % | -0.3 | % | 5.6 | %
|  | 2014
Net sales |  | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | %
Cost of products sold |  | 74.4 | % | 74.9 | % | 84.6 | % | 76.9 | %
Gross margin |  | 25.6 | % | 25.1 | % | 15.4 | % | 23.1 | %
Selling and administrative expense |  | 17.0 | % | 16.9 | % | 7.5 | % | 14.8 | %
Operating profit |  | 8.6 | % | 8.2 | % | 7.9 | % | 8.3 | %

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The following table shows the amount of change from 2014 to 2015 in sales, cost of products sold, gross margin, selling and administrative expenses, and operating profit, by segment (dollars in thousands):

|  | Industrial |  | Security |  | Metal |  |  |
|  | Hardware |  | Products |  | Products |  | Total
Net sales |  | $ | 2,673 |  |  | $ | 7,217 |  |  | $ | (6,147 | ) |  | $ | 3,743 |
Volume |  |  | -6.7 | % |  |  | 3.0 | % |  |  | -20.3 | % |  |  | -6.4 | %
Prices |  |  | 0.2 | % |  |  | 0.2 | % |  |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | 0.1 | %
New Products |  |  | 11.1 | % |  |  | 11.4 | % |  |  | 1.5 | % |  |  | 9.0 | %
|  |  | 4.6 | % |  |  | 14.6 | % |  |  | -18.8 | % |  |  | 2.7 | %
Cost of products sold |  | $ | 2,275 |  |  | $ | 5,135 |  |  | $ | (3,562 | ) |  | $ | 3,848 |
|  |  | 5.2 | % |  |  | 13.9 | % |  |  | -12.8 | % |  |  | 3.6 | %
Gross margin |  | $ | 398 |  |  | $ | 2,082 |  |  | $ | (2,585 | ) |  | $ | (105 | )
|  |  | 2.6 | % |  |  | 16.8 | % |  |  | -51.3 | % |  |  | -0.3 | %
Selling and administrative expenses |  | $ | 1,147 |  |  | $ | 2,343 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 3,586 |
|  |  | 11.5 | % |  |  | 28.1 | % |  |  | 3.9 | % |  |  | 17.3 | %
Operating profit |  | $ | (750 | ) |  | $ | (260 | ) |  | $ | (2,681 | ) |  | $ | (3,691 | )
|  |  | -14.8 | % |  |  | -6.4 | % |  |  | -103.3 | % |  |  | -31.5 | %

Industrial Hardware Segment
Net sales in the Industrial Hardware segment increased 5% in 2015 from the 2014 level. Sales of existing product decreased 7% in 2015 as the result of an 8% decrease in the Western Star 4900 Starlight sleeper cab made from our lightweight honey comb composite material. This decrease was partially offset by increases in existing products sold into the class 5 & 6 light service body vehicle market, military after market, distribution, trailer and truck equipment markets. New products increased sales by 11%, consisting of a new model sleeper cab for the Western Star 5700EX arrow dynamic class 8 truck made of our light weight honey comb composite materials which contributed 8%. The balance of the increase was from sales of various truck hardware consisting of T-Handles, rear door locks, draw latch, compression latch, paddle latch, handle latch and refrigerator van panels. All new products were developed internally.
Cost of products sold for the Industrial Hardware segment increased $2.3 million or 5% from 2014 to 2015. The most significant factors resulting in changes in cost of products sold in 2015 compared to 2014 included:

§ | an increase of $0.7 million or 3% in raw materials;

§ | an increase of $0.6 million or 158% in pension costs;

§ | an increase of $0.2 million or 1% in costs for payroll and payroll related charges;

§ | an increase of $0.2 million or 16% for supplies and tools;

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 13% in shipping expenses;

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 31% in rent expense;

§ | and a decrease of $0.3 million or 50% for scrap sales.

Gross margin for 2015 of 25% decreased as compared to 26% in the 2014 period for the Industrial Hardware segment. The decrease reflects the mix of products produced, the changes in cost of products sold discussed above, and lower utilization of our production facilities in both Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada and North Carolina where we produce sleeper cabs and where production has been slow due to lower customer orders.
Selling and administrative expenses in the Industrial Hardware segment increased $1.2 million or 12% from 2014 to 2015. The most significant factors resulting in changes in selling and administrative expenses in the Industrial Hardware segment in 2015 compared to 2014 included:

§ | an increase of $0.8 million or 100% in allocated proxy contest costs;

§ | and an increase of $0.3 million or 13% in payroll and payroll related charges.

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Security Products Segment
Net sales in the Security Products segment increased 15% in 2015 from the 2014 level. The increase in sales in 2015 in the Security Products segment compared to the prior year period was primarily the result of sales of new products from the Argo Transdata acquisition in mid-December of 2014 which in 2015 contributed 10% in new product sales of printed circuit boards for the industrial controls, medical and military markets. New product sales also included a detach latch, a short length cam lock, new computer lock, a carded cable luggage lock, a brass rekeyable padlock and an electronic lock for medical enclosures. Sales of existing products contributed 3% in increased sales from the 2014 level, the majority consisting of our electronic payment solution products offered in both domestic and international markets.
Cost of products sold for the Security Products segment increased $5.1 million or 14% from 2014 to 2015. The major factor increasing costs in 2015 from 2014 was the result of the full year of costs generated by Argo Transdata which was acquired in December 2014. The most significant factors resulting in changes in cost of products sold in 2015 compared to 2014 included:

§ | an increase of $2.9 million or 13% in raw materials;

§ | an increase of $1.1 million or 16% in payroll and payroll related charges;

§ | an increase of $0.8 million or 110% in pension charges;

§ | an increase of $0.3 million or 396% in foreign exchange gains;

§ | an increase of $0.2 million or 54% in other miscellaneous expenses

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 9% in shipping expenses;

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 12% in engineering costs;

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 33% in depreciation expenses;

§ | a decrease of $0.3 million or 27% in supplies and tools;

§ | and a decrease of $0.1 million or 23% in insurance costs.

Gross margin as a percentage of sales in the Security Products segment increased from 25% in 2014 to 26% in 2015. The increase reflects the mix of products produced and the changes in cost of products sold discussed above, as well as the higher margin products being sold associated with the acquisition of Argo Transdata in December of 2014.
Selling and administrative expenses in the Security Products segment increased $2.3 million or 28% from 2014 to 2015. The major factor increasing costs in 2015 from 2014 was the result of the full year of costs generated by Argo Transdata which was acquired in December 2014. The most significant factors resulting in changes in selling and administrative expenses in the Security Products segment in 2015 compared to 2014 included:

§ | an increase of $0.8 million or 15% in payroll and payroll related charges;

§ | an increase of $0.8 million or 100% in allocated proxy contest costs;

§ | an increase of $0.3 million or 39% in other administrative expenses;

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 75% in D&O insurance expense;

§ | and an increase of $0.2 million or 286% in patent amortization expenses.

Metal Products Segment
Net sales in the Metal Products segment decreased 19% in 2015 from the 2014 level. Sales of mine products decreased 17% and contract casting products decreased 3% in 2015 compared to 2014. The decrease in sales of mining products was driven by lower demand for existing products compared to the prior year period primarily in the U.S. mining market where lower oil and natural gas prices coupled with excessive coal inventories have reduced demand for our products. New products increased sales by 1%, consisting of tie plates for the rail industry and pipe fittings for the water, oil and gas industries. The Company is actively developing new customers in the contract casting business and is close to producing product to help offset the softening in the mining industry. The mining industry is expected to remain soft into 2016. The Company continues to monitor this market closely, and is preparing to make the necessary cost reductions as deemed appropriate.
Cost of products sold for the Metal Products segment decreased $3.6 million or 13% from 2014 to 2015. The most significant factors resulting in changes in cost of products sold in 2015 compared to 2014 included:

§ | an increase of $0.2 million or 67% in scrap costs;

§ | an increase of $0.2 million or 155% in pension charges;

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 9% in depreciation expense;

§ | a decrease of $2.2 million or 35% in raw material costs;

§ | a decrease of $0.8 million or 7% in costs for payroll and payroll related charges;

§ | a decrease of $0.4 million or 10% for supplies and tools;

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§ | a decrease of $0.3 million or 14% for utility costs;

§ | and a decrease of $0.3 million or 14% in costs for maintenance and repair.

Gross margin as a percentage of sales in the Metal Products segment decreased from 15% in 2014 to 9% in 2015. The decrease in gross margin compared to the prior year is due to the mix of products produced, the changes in cost of products sold enumerated above, and lower utilization of our production capacity.
Selling and administrative expenses in the Metal Products segment increased $0.1 million or 4% from 2014 to 2015. The most significant factor resulting in changes in selling and administrative expenses in the Metal Products segment in 2015 compared to 2014 was:

§ | an increase of $0.4 million or 100% in allocated proxy contest charges;

§ | and a decrease of $0.2 million or 31% in payroll and payroll related charges;

Other Items
The following table shows the amount of change from 2014 to 2015 in other items (dollars in thousands):

| Amount |  | %
Interest expense |  | $ | (69 | ) | -27 | %
Other income |  | $ | 114 |  | 176 | %
Income taxes |  | $ | (1,573 | ) | -41 | %

Interest expense decreased from 2014 to 2015 due to the decreased level of debt in 2015.
Other income which is not material to the financial statements increased from 2014 to 2015 due to the Company recognizing $138,683 in income as a result of Argo Transdata not meeting the sales goals for the 1st year earn-out period.
Income taxes – the effective tax rate for 2015 was 29% compared to the 2014 rate which was 34%. The effective tax rate for 2015 was lower than the prior year period due to the ratio of earnings in the United States to that of foreign entities with lower tax rates.
Fiscal 2014 Compared to Fiscal 2013
The following table shows, for 2014 and 2013, selected line items from the consolidated statements of income as a percentage of net sales, by segment.

|  | Industrial | Security | Metal |  |
|  | Hardware | Products | Products | Total
|  | 2014
Net sales |  | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | %
Cost of products sold |  | 74.4 | % | 74.9 | % | 84.6 | % | 76.9 | %
Gross margin |  | 25.6 | % | 25.1 | % | 15.4 | % | 23.1 | %
Selling and administrative expense |  | 17.0 | % | 16.9 | % | 7.5 | % | 14.8 | %
Operating profit |  | 8.6 | % | 8.2 | % | 7.9 | % | 8.3 | %
|  | 2013
Net sales |  | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | %
Cost of products sold |  | 76.4 | % | 78.0 | % | 84.5 | % | 78.8 | %
Gross margin |  | 23.6 | % | 22.0 | % | 15.5 | % | 21.2 | %
Selling and administrative expense |  | 15.7 | % | 16.3 | % | 7.1 | % | 13.9 | %
Operating profit |  | 7.9 | % | 5.7 | % | 8.4 | % | 7.3 | %

21

The following table shows the amount of change from 2013 to 2014 in sales, cost of products sold, gross margin, selling and administrative expenses, and operating profit, by segment (dollars in thousands):

|  | Industrial |  | Security |  | Metal |  |
|  | Hardware |  | Products |  | Products |  | Total
Net sales |  | $ | (1,701 | ) |  | $ | 630 |  |  | $ | (562 | ) |  | $ | (1,633 | )
Volume |  |  | -6.3 | % |  |  | -0.6 | % |  |  | -3.5 | % |  |  | -3.7 | %
Prices |  |  | -0.1 | % |  |  | 0.4 | % |  |  | -0.2 | % |  |  | 0.1 | %
New Products |  |  | 3.6 | % |  |  | 1.5 | % |  |  | 2.0 | % |  |  | 2.5 | %
|  |  | -2.8 | % |  |  | 1.3 | % |  |  | -1.7 | % |  |  | -1.1 | %
Cost of products sold |  | $ | (2,499 | ) |  | $ | (1,057 | ) |  | $ | (416 | ) |  | $ | (3,972 | )
|  |  | -5.4 | % |  |  | -2.8 | % |  |  | -1.5 | % |  |  | -3.5 | %
Gross margin |  | $ | 798 |  |  | $ | 1,687 |  |  | $ | (146 | ) |  | $ | 2,339 |
|  |  | 5.6 | % |  |  | 15.8 | % |  |  | -2.8 | % |  |  | 7.8 | %
Selling and administrative expenses |  | $ | 531 |  |  | $ | 409 |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | 1,007 |
|  |  | 5.6 | % |  |  | 5.2 | % |  |  | 2.8 | % |  |  | 5.1 | %
Operating profit |  | $ | 267 |  |  | $ | 1,278 |  |  | $ | (213 | ) |  | $ | 1,332 |
|  |  | 5.6 | % |  |  | 46.0 | % |  |  | -7.6 | % |  |  | 12.8 | %

Industrial Hardware Segment
Net sales in the Industrial Hardware segment decreased 3% in 2014 from the 2013 level. The decrease in sales in 2014 reflected a decrease in sales of existing products, resulting primarily from lightweight composite panels which were used in the fracking industry, as well as lower sales to our distributors and military markets in 2014 compared to the prior year periods. The decrease in sales of the lightweight composite panels for the fracking tank was the result of a customer exiting the fracking business. The overall decrease was reduced by an increase in sales to several of the markets we sell into, including: the Class 8 truck, truck accessory, off-highway, bus, and industrial markets compared to the same period in 2013 and the introduction of new products. All of the new products were developed internally and included a cab handle and paddle, a rotary and lever arm, a lever assembly, a paddle lock, a striker pin, luggage latch, a bellcrank assembly, a rotary latch and a trigger latch for the Class 8 truck market; a rotary, a mini rotary and a gate latch for the off-highway market; a trigger latch for the bus market; a 3 point compression latch, a stainless steel catch, a trigger latch, an ergonomic t-handle, and a paddle assembly for the distribution market; a striker and rotary, a rotary lock, a triangle key tool and a paddle rotary for the industrial market; as well as a variety of locking and latching products for the many markets we serve.
Cost of products sold for the Industrial Hardware segment decreased $2.5 million or 5% from 2013 to 2014. The most significant factors resulting in changes in cost of products sold in 2014 compared to 2013 included:

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 34% in rent expense;

§ | a decrease of $1.6 million or 6% in raw materials;

§ | a decrease of $0.4 million or 27% for depreciation;

§ | a decrease of $0.3 million or 2% in costs for payroll and payroll related charges;

§ | a decrease of $0.2 million or 33% for equipment rental;

§ | and a decrease of $0.1 million or 8% in shipping expenses.

Gross margin for 2014 of 26% increased as compared to 24% in the 2013 period as a percentage of net sales for the Industrial Hardware segment. The increase reflects the mix of products produced and the changes in cost of products sold discussed above.
Selling and administrative expenses in the Industrial Hardware segment increased $0.5 million or 6% from 2013 to 2014. The most significant factors resulting in changes in selling and administrative expenses in the Industrial Hardware segment in 2014 compared to 2013 included:

§ | an increase of $0.5 million or 8% in payroll and payroll related charges;

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 99% in advertising;

§ | and a decrease of $0.1 million or 9% in other administrative expenses.

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Security Products Segment
Net sales in the Security Products segment increased 1% in 2014 from the 2013 level. The increase in sales in 2014 in the Security Products segment compared to the prior year period was primarily the result of sales of new lock products to the many markets we serve. Sales in the Security Products segment also reflect approximately 2 weeks of sales in 2014 from the Argo Transdata acquisition which was completed on December 15, 2014 and were not material to the consolidated financial statements. Sales of new products included a locking flush mount handle for tonneau covers, a locking T-handle for truck caps and cable and stud locks for bicycle racks for the vehicular market, a custom brass padlock and a rekeyable padlock for the locksmith market, a passive keyless entry system for the storage market, and a mini tubular self-retaining lock for the computer industry, as well as printed circuit board assemblies for the industrial controls, medical and military markets.
Cost of products sold for the Security Products segment decreased $1.1 million or 3% from 2013 to 2014. The most significant factors resulting in changes in cost of products sold in 2014 compared to 2013 included:

§ | an increase of $0.9 million or 14% in payroll and payroll related charges;

§ | an increase of $1.3 million or 527% in shipping expenses;

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 84% in costs for fire and liability insurance;

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 10% in supplies and tools;

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 172% in maintenance and repair expenses;

§ | a decrease of $2.6 million or 10% in raw materials;

§ | a decrease of $0.7 million or 100% in severance costs for relocation of a facility in China which occurred in the 2013 period;

§ | a decrease of $0.1 million or 57% in pattern costs;

§ | a decrease of $0.1 million or 52% in property taxes;

§ | and a decrease of $0.1 million or 100% in other miscellaneous expenses.

Gross margin as a percentage of sales in the Security Products segment increased from 22% in 2013 to 25% in 2014. The increase reflects the mix of products produced and the changes in cost of products sold discussed above, as well as the higher sales volume in 2014 compared to 2013.
Selling and administrative expenses in the Security Products segment increased $0.4 million or 5% from 2013 to 2014. The most significant factors resulting in changes in selling and administrative expenses in the Security Products segment in 2014 compared to 2013 included:

§ | an increase of $0.3 million or 6% in payroll and payroll related charges;

§ | an increase of $0.2 million or 36% in other administrative expenses;

§ | and a decrease of $0.1 million or 16% in advertising expenses.

Metal Products Segment
Net sales in the Metal Products segment decreased 2% in 2014 from the 2013 level. Sales of mine products decreased 8% in 2014 compared to 2013. The decrease in sales of mining products was driven by lower demand for existing products in 2014 primarily in the U.S. mining market compared to the prior year period, and was partially offset by increased sales from the introduction of new mining products. New mining products included a flange nut and a cable head. The Company is actively trying to develop additional new products to replace any softening in future sales volume of mining products that may result from the EPA clean air regulations that went into effect in 2012. Sales of contract casting products increased 47% from 2013 levels. The increase in sales of contract casting was primarily the result of an increase in sales of existing products to the trucking and solar industries. Contract casting sales also benefited from sales of new products including rail clamps for a solar panel application, a rail tie plate for a new customer, and nuts used by a gas company in the utility industry.
Cost of products sold for the Metal Products segment decreased $0.4 million or 2% from 2013 to 2014. The most significant factors resulting in changes in cost of products sold in 2014 compared to 2013 included:

§ | an increase of $0.4 million or 10% for supplies and tools;

§ | an increase of $0.2 million or 114% in pattern costs;

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 7% for utility costs;

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 22% in scrap costs;

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 7% in costs for depreciation;

§ | a decrease of $0.8 million or 7% in costs for payroll and payroll related charges;

§ | a decrease of $0.3 million or 11% in costs for maintenance and repair;

23

§ | a decrease of $0.1 million or 17% in shipping expenses;

§ | and a decrease of $0.1 million or 31% in property taxes.

Gross margin as a percentage of sales in the Metal Products segment decreased from 16% in 2013 to 15% in 2014. The slight decrease in gross margin compared to the prior year is due to the mix of products produced and the changes in cost of products sold enumerated above.
Selling and administrative expenses in the Metal Products segment increased $0.1 million or 3% from 2013 to 2014. The most significant factor resulting in changes in selling and administrative expenses in the Metal Products segment in 2014 compared to 2013 was:

§ | an increase of $0.1 million or 9% in payroll and payroll related charges.

Other Items
The following table shows the amount of change from 2013 to 2014 in other items (dollars in thousands):

| Amount |  | %
Interest expense |  | $ | (68 | ) | -21 | %
Other income |  | $ | 14 |  | 29 | %
Income taxes |  | $ | 655 |  | 20 | %

Interest expense decreased from 2013 to 2014 due to the decreased level of debt in 2014.
Other income which is not material to the financial statements increased from 2013 to 2014 due to higher cash balances in the Company’s cash management program in 2014.
Income taxes – the effective tax rate for 2014 was 34% compared to the 2013 rate which was 32%. The effective tax rate for 2014 was higher than the prior year period due to the ratio of earnings in states with higher tax rates and a change in unrecognized tax benefits.
Liquidity and Sources of Capital
The Company’s financial position continued to be strong in 2015. The primary source of the Company’s cash is earnings from operating activities adjusted for cash generated from or used for net working capital. The most significant recurring non-cash items included in net income are depreciation and amortization expense. Changes in working capital fluctuate with the changes in operating activities. As sales increase, there generally is an increased need for working capital. Since increases in working capital reduce the Company’s cash, management attempts to keep the Company’s investment in net working capital at a reasonable level by closely monitoring inventory levels and matching production to expected market demand, keeping tight control over the collection of receivables, and optimizing payment terms on its trade and other payables.
The Company is dependent on the continued demand for its products and subsequent collection of accounts receivable from its customers. The Company serves a broad base of customers and industries with a variety of products. As a result, any fluctuations in demand or payment from a particular industry or customer should not have a material impact on the Company’s sales and collection of receivables. Management expects that the Company’s foreseeable cash needs for operations, capital expenditures, debt service and dividend payments will continue to be met by the Company’s operating cash flows and available credit facility.
The following table shows key financial ratios at the end of each year:

|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |
Current ratio |  | 5.0 |  | 5.3 |  | 5.2 |
Average days’ sales in accounts receivable |  | 47 |  | 49 |  | 47 |
Inventory turnover |  | 3.0 |  | 3.1 |  | 3.7 |
Ratio of working capital to sales |  | 41.6 | % | 41.1 | % | 40.3 | %
Total debt to shareholders’ equity |  | 4.0 | % | 5.7 | % | 7.4 | %

24

The following table shows important liquidity measures as of the fiscal year end balance sheet date for each of the preceding three years (in millions):

|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Held in the United States | $ | 6.9 | $ | 5.6 | $ | 10.2 |
- Held by foreign subsidiary |  | 10.9 |  | 10.2 |  | 9.8 |
|  | 17.8 |  | 15.8 |  | 20.0 |
Working capital |  | 60.1 |  | 57.8 |  | 57.4 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 9.1 |  | 9.3 |  | 11.3 |
Change in working capital impact on net cash (used)/provided by operating activities |  | (2.0 | ) | (1.8 | ) | 0.2 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (2.5 | ) | (8.6 | ) | (5.5 | )
Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities |  | (3.9 | ) | (4.5 | ) | (4.0 | )

U.S. income taxes have not been provided on the undistributed earnings of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries except where required under U.S. tax laws. The Company would be required to accrue and pay United States income taxes to repatriate the funds held by foreign subsidiaries not otherwise provided. The Company intends to reinvest these earnings outside the United States indefinitely.
All cash held by foreign subsidiaries is readily convertible into other currencies, including the U.S. Dollar.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $9.1 million compared to $9.3 million in 2014 and $11.3 million in 2013. While not a significant change from 2014, inventory increased $3.1 million in 2015, mainly the result of a $1.2 million increase at our Metal Products segment as a result of a slowdown in business in the mining industry and a $0.6 change in LIFO reserves as a result of declining metal prices in all of our segments. The $2.0 million difference between 2014 and 2013 was mainly the result of a $2.8 million increase in inventory, offset by increased profitability in 2014. The Company, across all of its business segments, has increased its emphasis on sales and customer service by fulfilling the rapid delivery requirements of our customers. As a result, investments in additional inventories are made on a selective basis.
In Fiscal 2015 the impact on cash from the net change in working capital was a decline of approximately $2.0 million, due mainly to increased inventory and accounts receivable offset by declines in accounts payable, prepaid expenses and recoverable taxes. In Fiscal 2014 the impact on cash from the net change in working capital was a decline of approximately $1.8 million, due mainly to the increased inventory levels at the end of the year. In Fiscal 2013 the impact on cash from the net change in working capital was an increase of approximately $0.2 million.
The Company used $2.5 million, $8.6 million and $5.5 million for investing activities in 2015, 2014 and 2013 respectively. Included in the 2014 figure is approximately $5.0 million used for the acquisition of the assets of Argo Transdata. This transaction is more fully discussed in Note 3 of the 2015 Audited Financial Statements located in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. Virtually the entire amount of cash used in investing activities in Fiscal 2015 and 2013 and the balance of $3.6 million in 2014 was used for the purchase of fixed assets. Capital expenditures in Fiscal 2016 are expected to be in the range of $4 million.
In Fiscal 2015, the Company used approximately $3.9 million in cash for financing activities. Approximately $1.1 million was used for debt repayments, and another $2.8 million was paid in dividends.
In Fiscal 2014 the Company used approximately $4.5 million in cash for financing activities. The major reason for the increase over the level used in Fiscal 2013 relates to a higher dividend rate ($0.48 and $0.42 in Fiscal 2014 and 2013 respectively) and the fact that the Company was required to make a fifth debt payment as a result of the 53 week year in Fiscal 2014.
In Fiscal 2013, the Company used approximately $4.0 million of cash for financing activities. Approximately $1.4 million was used for debt repayments, and another $2.6 million was paid in dividends.
The Company leases certain equipment and buildings under cancelable and non-cancelable operating leases expiring at various dates up to five years. Rent expense amounted to approximately $1.3 million in 2015; $1.2 million in 2014; and $1.1 million in 2013.
25

On January 29, 2010, the Company signed a secured Loan Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with People’s United Bank (“People’s”) which included a $5,000,000 term portion and a $10,000,000 revolving credit portion. The term portion of the loan requires quarterly principal payments of $178,571 for a period of seven (7) years, maturing on January 31, 2017. The revolving credit portion had a quarterly commitment fee of one quarter of one percent (0.25%), and a maturity date of January 31, 2012.
On January 25, 2012 the Company amended the Loan Agreement by taking an additional $5,000,000 term loan (the “2012 Term Loan”). The 2012 Term Loan requires quarterly principal payments of $178,571 for a period of seven (7) years, maturing on January 31, 2019. At the same time the maturity date of the revolving credit portion was extended to January 31, 2014 and continued to have a quarterly commitment fee of one quarter of one percent (0.25%).
Interest on the original term portion of the Loan Agreement is fixed at 4.98%. Interest on the 2012 Term Loan is fixed at 3.90%. For the period from January 25, 2012 to January 23, 2014, interest on the revolving credit portion of the Loan Agreement varied based on the LIBOR rate or People’s Prime rate plus 2.25%, with a floor of 3.25% with a maturity date of January 31, 2014. On January 23, 2014, the Company amended the Loan Agreement with People’s. The amendment renewed and extended the maturity date of the revolving credit portion of the Loan Agreement to July 1, 2016 and changed the interest rate to LIBOR plus 2.25%, and eliminated the 3.25% floor previously in place. The quarterly commitment fee of one quarter of one percent (0.25%) remained unchanged. The Company did not utilize the revolving credit portion of the Loan Agreement at any time during 2014 or 2015.
The Company’s loan covenants under the Loan Agreement require the Company to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.1 to 1, a leverage ratio of no more than 1.75 to 1, and minimum tangible net worth of $43 million increasing each year by 50% of consolidated net income. This amount was approximately $52.8 million as of December 28, 2013. As part of an amendment to the Loan Agreement signed on January 23, 2014, the leverage ratio was eliminated, and the minimum tangible net worth covenant was modified to a fixed minimum amount of $55 million, effective with the end of the Company’s first quarter of 2014. In addition, the Company has restrictions on, among other things, new capital leases, purchases or redemptions of its capital stock, mergers and divestitures, and new borrowing. The Company was in compliance with all covenants in 2014 and 2015.
The quarterly payment dates as listed in the Loan Agreement are the first business day of the calendar quarter. As a result, there were five scheduled payments in Fiscal 2014 and only three in Fiscal 2015. In Fiscal 2016 there will again be four scheduled payments.
Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
The Company’s known contractual obligations as of January 2, 2016, are shown below (in thousands):

|  |  |  | Payments due by period |
|  | Total |  | Less than 1 Year |  | 1-3 Years |  | 3-5 Years |  | More than 5 Years |
Long-term debt obligations |  | $ | 3,214 |  | $ | 1,428 |  | $ | 1,607 |  | $ | 179 |  | $ | -- |
Estimated interest on long-term debt |  |  | 173 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 1 |  |  | -- |
Operating lease obligations |  |  | 3,376 |  |  | 1,047 |  |  | 1,877 |  |  | 452 |  |  | -- |
Estimated contributions to pension plans |  |  | 24,306 |  |  | 3,148 |  |  | 7,903 |  |  | 7,903 |  |  | 5,352 |
Estimated post retirement benefits other than pensions |  |  | 793 |  |  | 118 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 234 |  |  | 206 |
Total |  | $ | 31,862 |  | $ | 5,843 |  | $ | 11,692 |  | $ | 8,769 |  | $ | 5,558 |

The amounts shown in the above table for estimated contributions to pension plans and estimated postretirement benefits other than pensions are based on the assumptions in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements, as well as the assumption that participant counts will remain stable.
The Company does not have any non-cancellable open purchase orders.
The Company believes it has sufficient cash on hand and credit resources available to it to sustain itself though the next fiscal year.
26

ITEM 7A QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company’s foreign manufacturing facilities account for approximately 13% of total sales and 12% of total assets. Its U.S. operations buy from and sell to these foreign affiliates, and also make limited sales (approximately 14% of total sales) to nonaffiliated foreign customers. This trade activity could be affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange or by weak economic conditions. The Company’s currency exposure is concentrated in the Canadian dollar, Mexican peso, New Taiwan dollar, Chinese RMB and Hong Kong dollar. Because of the Company’s limited exposure to any single foreign market, any exchange gains or losses have not been material and are not expected to be material in the future. Had the exchange rate as of January 2, 2016 for all of the listed currencies changed by 1%, the total change in reported earnings would have been approximately $35,000. As a result, the Company does not attempt to mitigate its foreign currency exposure through the acquisition of any speculative or leveraged financial instruments. In 2015, a 10% increase/decrease in exchange rates would have resulted in a translation increase/decrease to sales of approximately $1.7 million, and to equity of approximately $0.5 million.
The Company has been able to recover cost increases in raw materials through either price increases to our customers or cost reductions in other areas of the business. Therefore, the Company has not entered into any contracts to address commodity price risk.
The Company does not have any interest rate risk as all of its long-term debt bears interest at a fixed rate. See Note 5 of the Company’s financial statements included at Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for complete details.
27

ITEM 8 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The Eastern Company
Consolidated Balance Sheets

|  | January 2 |  | January 3 |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 17,814,986 |  | $ | 15,834,444 |
Accounts receivable, less allowances of $450,000 in 2015 and $414,000 in 2014 |  |  | 17,502,445 |  |  | 17,064,245 |
Inventories: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Raw materials and component parts |  |  | 10,913,827 |  |  | 9,219,341 |
Work in process |  |  | 7,681,576 |  |  | 7,074,950 |
Finished goods |  |  | 18,247,010 |  |  | 18,107,906 |
|  |  | 36,842,413 |  |  | 34,402,197 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  | 2,122,215 |  |  | 2,659,737 |
Recoverable income taxes receivable |  |  | — |  |  | 380,000 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 986,167 |  |  | 950,024 |
Total Current Assets |  |  | 75,268,226 |  |  | 71,290,647 |
Property, Plant and Equipment |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Land |  |  | 1,159,732 |  |  | 1,160,720 |
Buildings |  |  | 16,072,536 |  |  | 16,216,146 |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 46,205,973 |  |  | 45,593,631 |
Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (36,636,775 | ) |  | (34,919,067 | )
|  |  | 26,801,466 |  |  | 28,051,430 |
Other Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  |  | 14,790,793 |  |  | 14,960,354 |
Trademarks |  |  | 164,957 |  |  | 174,662 |
Patents, technology and other intangibles net of accumulated amortization |  |  | 2,113,576 |  |  | 2,498,570 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 2,599,541 |  |  | 4,294,893 |
|  |  | 19,668,867 |  |  | 21,928,479 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  | $ | 121,738,559 |  | $ | 121,270,556 |

28

Consolidated Balance Sheets

|  | January 2 |  | January 3 |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 9,109,394 |  | $ | 8,256,600 |
Accrued compensation |  |  | 2,873,871 |  |  | 2,916,832 |
Other accrued expenses |  |  | 1,751,052 |  |  | 1,201,114 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 1,428,571 |  |  | 1,071,429 |
Total Current Liabilities |  |  | 15,162,888 |  |  | 13,445,975 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 286,920 |  |  | 564,669 |
Long-term debt, less current portion |  |  | 1,785,714 |  |  | 3,214,285 |
Accrued postretirement benefits |  |  | 793,055 |  |  | 2,905,908 |
Accrued pension cost |  |  | 24,304,926 |  |  | 26,164,812 |
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Voting Preferred Stock, no par value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Authorized and unissued: 1,000,000 shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonvoting Preferred Stock, no par value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Authorized and unissued: 1,000,000 shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common Stock, no par value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Authorized: 50,000,000 shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Issued: 8,942,461,shares in 2015 and 8,938,742 shares in 2014 |  |  | 28,997,050 |  |  | 28,932,058 |
Treasury Stock: 2,694,729 shares in 2015 and 2014 |  |  | (19,105,723 | ) |  | (19,105,723 | )
Retained earnings |  |  | 90,597,041 |  |  | 87,680,667 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation |  |  | (1,154,098 | ) |  | 855,179 |
Unrecognized net pension and postretirement benefit costs, net of taxes |  |  | (19,929,214 | ) |  | (23,387,274 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (21,083,312 | ) |  | (22,532,095 | )
Total Shareholders’ Equity |  |  | 79,405,056 |  |  | 74,974,907 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  | $ | 121,738,559 |  | $ | 121,270,556 |

See accompanying notes.
29

Consolidated Statements of Income

|  |  |  | Year ended |  |  |
|  | January 2 |  | January 3 |  | December 28 |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2013 |
Net sales |  | $ | 144,567,951 |  | $ | 140,825,360 |  | $ | 142,458,279 |
Cost of products sold |  |  | (112,186,725 | ) |  | (108,338,956 | ) |  | (112,310,759 | )
Gross margin |  |  | 32,381,226 |  |  | 32,486,404 |  |  | 30,147,520 |
Selling and administrative expenses |  |  | (24,353,498 | ) |  | (20,767,756 | ) |  | (19,761,199 | )
Operating profit |  |  | 8,027,728 |  |  | 11,718,648 |  |  | 10,386,321 |
Interest expense |  |  | (185,475 | ) |  | (254,576 | ) |  | (322,731 | )
Other income |  |  | 178,722 |  |  | 64,691 |  |  | 50,305 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 8,020,975 |  |  | 11,528,763 |  |  | 10,113,895 |
Income taxes |  |  | 2,293,932 |  |  | 3,867,287 |  |  | 3,211,974 |
Net income |  | $ | 5,727,043 |  | $ | 7,661,476 |  | $ | 6,901,921 |
Earnings per Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | .92 |  | $ | 1.23 |  | $ | 1.11 |
Diluted |  | $ | .92 |  | $ | 1.23 |  | $ | 1.11 |

See accompanying notes.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

|  |  |  | Year ended |  |  |
|  | January 2 |  | January 3 |  | December 28 |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2013 |
Net income |  | $ | 5,727,043 |  | $ | 7,661,476 |  | $ | 6,901,921 |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in foreign currency translation |  |  | (2,009,277 | ) |  | (1,128,327 | ) |  | (656,972 | )
Change in pension and postretirement benefit costs, net of income taxes (expense)/benefit of $1,899,285 in 2015, $5,767,236 in 2014 and ($3,437,175) in 2013 |  |  | 3,458,060 |  |  | (10,386,089 | ) |  | 6,254,558 |
Total other comprehensive income/(loss) |  |  | 1,448,783 |  |  | (11,514,416 | ) |  | 5,597,586 |
Comprehensive income/(loss) |  | $ | 7,175,826 |  | $ | (3,852,940 | ) | $ | 12,499,507 |

See accompanying notes.
30

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

|  | Common Shares |  | Common Stock |  | Treasury Shares |  | Treasury Stock |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Shareholders’ Equity |
Balances at December 29, 2012 |  | 8,914,478 |  | $ | 28,585,498 |  | (2,694,729 | ) | $ | (19,105,723 | ) | $ | 78,717,589 |  | $ | (16,615,265 | ) | $ | 71,582,099 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,901,921 |  |  |  |  |  | 6,901,921 |
Cash dividends declared, $.42 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,612,839 | ) |  |  |  |  | (2,612,839 | )
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (656,972 | ) |  | (656,972 | )
Change in pension and postretirement benefit costs, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,254,558 |  |  | 6,254,558 |
Issuance of Common Stock upon the exercise of stock options |  | 1,000 |  |  | 13,580 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,580 |
Issuance of Common Stock for directors’ fees |  | 1,419 |  |  | 22,504 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22,504 |
Balances at December 28, 2013 |  | 8,916,897 |  |  | 28,621,582 |  | (2,694,729 | ) |  | (19,105,723 | ) |  | 83,006,671 |  |  | (11,017,679 | ) |  | 81,504,851 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,661,476 |  |  |  |  |  | 7,661,476 |
Cash dividends declared, $.48 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,987,480 | ) |  |  |  |  | (2,987,480 | )
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,128,327 | ) |  | (1,128,327 | )
Change in pension and postretirement benefit costs, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10,386,089 | ) |  | (10,386,089 | )
Issuance of Common Stock upon the exercise of stock options |  | 20,000 |  |  | 271,600 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 271,600 |
Tax benefit from disqualifying dispositions of incentive stock options |  |  |  |  | 8,882 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,882 |
Issuance of Common Stock for directors’ fees |  | 1,845 |  |  | 29,994 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29,994 |
Balances at January 3, 2015 |  | 8,938,742 |  |  | 28,932,058 |  | (2,694,729 | ) |  | (19,105,723 | ) |  | 87,680,667 |  |  | (22,532,095 | ) |  | 74,974,907 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,727,043 |  |  |  |  |  | 5,727,043 |
Cash dividends declared, $.45 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,810,669 | ) |  |  |  |  | (2,810,669 | )
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,009,277 | ) |  | (2,009,277 | )
Change in pension and postretirement benefit costs, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,458,060 |  |  | 3,458,060 |
Issuance of Common Stock for directors’ fees |  | 3,719 |  |  | 64,992 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 64,992 |
Balances at January 2, 2016 |  | 8,942,461 |  | $ | 28,997,050 |  | (2,694,729 | ) | $ | (19,105,723 | ) | $ | 90,597,041 |  | $ | (21,083,312 | ) | $ | 79,405,056 |

See accompanying notes.
31

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

|  |  |  | Year ended |  |  |
|  | January 2 |  | January 3 |  | December 28 |
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2013 |
Operating Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 5,727,043 |  | $ | 7,661,476 |  | $ | 6,901,921 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 3,921,438 |  |  | 3,486,302 |  |  | 3,825,286 |
Unrecognized pension & postretirement benefits |  |  | 1,384,605 |  |  | (175,687 | ) |  | 95,728 |
Loss on sale of equipment and other assets |  |  | 49,796 |  |  | 69,258 |  |  | 116,327 |
Provision for doubtful accounts |  |  | 9,459 |  |  | 37,601 |  |  | 106,485 |
Issuance of Common Stock for directors’ fees |  |  | 64,992 |  |  | 29,994 |  |  | 22,505 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | (852,168 | ) |  | (207,631 | ) |  | 1,776,744 |
Inventories |  |  | (3,095,801 | ) |  | (2,825,155 | ) |  | (1,400,893 | )
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 483,178 |  |  | 593,075 |  |  | 308,653 |
Recoverable tax receivables |  |  | 380,000 |  |  | (380,000 | ) |  | 1,158,632 |
Other assets |  |  | (106,081 | ) |  | (156,164 | ) |  | (76,426 | )
Accounts payable |  |  | 1,182,124 |  |  | 998,502 |  |  | (253,994 | )
Accrued compensation |  |  | 28,426 |  |  | 185,724 |  |  | (626,385 | )
Other accrued expenses |  |  | (43,582 | ) |  | 29,889 |  |  | (637,547 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 9,133,429 |  |  | 9,347,184 |  |  | 11,317,036 |
Investing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment |  |  | (2,538,236 | ) |  | (3,633,165 | ) |  | (5,523,742 | )
Proceeds from sale of equipment and other assets |  |  | 25,000 |  |  | 22,500 |  |  | 2,839 |
Business acquisitions |  |  | — |  |  | (5,034,289 | ) |  | — |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (2,513,236 | ) |  | (8,644,954 | ) |  | (5,520,903 | )
Financing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Principal payments on long-term debt |  |  | (1,071,428 | ) |  | (1,785,714 | ) |  | (1,428,571 | )
Proceeds from sales of Common Stock |  |  | — |  |  | 271,600 |  |  | 13,580 |
Tax benefit from disqualifying dispositions of incentive stock options |  |  | — |  |  | 8,882 |  |  | — |
Dividends paid |  |  | (2,810,669 | ) |  | (2,987,480 | ) |  | (2,612,839 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (3,882,097 | ) |  | (4,492,712 | ) |  | (4,027,830 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  |  | (757,554 | ) |  | (363,435 | ) |  | (262,086 | )
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 1,980,542 |  |  | (4,153,917 | ) |  | 1,506,217 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |  |  | 15,834,444 |  |  | 19,988,361 |  |  | 18,482,144 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |  | $ | 17,814,986 |  | $ | 15,834,444 |  | $ | 19,988,361 |

See accompanying notes.
32

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Description of Business
The operations of The Eastern Company (the “Company”) consist of three business segments: industrial hardware, security products, and metal products. The industrial hardware segment produces latching devices for use on industrial equipment and instrumentation, composite panels used primarily in the transportation and electronic white board industries, as well as a broad line of proprietary hardware designed for truck bodies and other vehicular type equipment. The security products segment manufactures and markets a broad range of locks for traditional general purpose security applications as well as specialized locks for soft luggage, coin-operated vending and gaming equipment, and electric and computer peripheral components. This segment also manufactures and markets coin acceptors and metering systems to secure cash used in the commercial laundry industry and produces cashless payment systems utilizing advanced smart card technology. The metal products segment produces anchoring devices used in supporting the roofs of underground coal mines and specialty products which serve the construction, automotive, railroad and electrical industries.
Sales are made to customers primarily in North America.
2. Accounting Policies
Estimates and Assumptions
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Fiscal Year
The Company’s year ends on the Saturday nearest to December 31. Fiscal 2015 was a 52 week year, 2014 was a 53 week year and 2013 was a 52 week year.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned. All intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated.
Cash Equivalents and Concentrations of Credit Risk
Highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. The Company has deposits that exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) up to $250,000, but the Company does not consider this a significant concentration of credit risk based on the strength of the financial institution.
Reclassification
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net income.
Foreign Currency Translation
For foreign operations balance sheet accounts are translated at the current year-end exchange rate; income statement accounts are translated at the average exchange rate for the year. Resulting translation adjustments are made directly to a separate component of shareholders’ equity – “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) – Foreign currency translation”. Foreign currency exchange transaction gains and losses are not material in any year.
33

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. Accounting Policies (continued)
Recognition of Revenue and Accounts Receivable
Revenue and accounts receivable are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the price is fixed and determinable, delivery has occurred, and there is a reasonable assurance of collection of the sales proceeds. The Company obtains written purchase authorizations from its customers for a specified amount of product at a specified price and delivery occurs at the time of shipment. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of each customer’s financial condition; collateral is not required. Accounts receivable are recorded net of applicable allowances. No customer exceeded 10% of total accounts receivable at year end 2015 or 2014.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The Company reviews the collectability of its receivables on an ongoing basis taking into account a combination of factors. The Company reviews potential problems, such as past due accounts, a bankruptcy filing or deterioration in the customer’s financial condition, to ensure the Company is adequately accrued for potential loss. Accounts are considered past due based on when payment was originally due. If a customer’s situation changes, such as a bankruptcy or creditworthiness, or there is a change in the current economic climate, the Company may modify its estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company will write off accounts receivable after reasonable collection efforts have been made and the accounts are deemed uncollectible. Write-offs have been within management’s estimates.
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined by the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method in the U.S. ($31,601,408 for U.S. inventories at January 2, 2016) and by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method for inventories outside the U.S. ($5,241,005 for inventories outside the U.S. at January 2, 2016). Current cost exceeds the LIFO carrying value by approximately $6,297,368 at January 2, 2016 and $6,886,000 at January 3, 2015. There was no material LIFO quantity liquidation in 2015, 2014 and 2013.
Property, Plant and Equipment and Related Depreciation
Property, plant and equipment (including equipment under capital lease) are stated at cost. Depreciation ($3,460,516 in 2015, $3,237,426 in 2014, $3,592,263 in 2013) is computed generally using the straight-line method based on the following estimated useful lives of the assets: Buildings 10 to 39.5 years; Machinery and equipment 3 to 10 years.
Goodwill, Intangibles and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Patents are recorded at cost and are amortized using the straight-line method over the lives of the patents. Technology and licenses are recorded at cost and are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from 5 to 17 years. Non-compete agreements and customer relationships are being amortized using the straight-line method over a period of 5 years. Amortization expense in 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $460,922, $248,876 and $233,023, respectively. Total amortization expense for each of the next five years is estimated to be as follows: 2016 - $437,000; 2017 - $437,000; 2018 - $437,000; and 2019 - $379,000; and 2020 - $146,000. Trademarks are not amortized as their lives are deemed to be indefinite.
34

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. Accounting Policies (continued)
The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of amortizable intangible assets:

|  | Industrial Hardware Segment |  | Security Products Segment |  | Metal Products Segment |  |  | Total |  |  | Weighted-Average Amortization Period (Years) |
2015 Gross Amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Patents and developed technology |  | $ | 2,206,852 |  | $ | 1,029,181 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,236,033 |  |  | 15.9 |
Customer relationships |  |  | — |  |  | 449,706 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 449,706 |  |  | 5.0 |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | — |  |  | 407,000 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 407,000 |  |  | 5.0 |
Intellectual property |  |  | — |  |  | 307,370 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 307,370 |  |  | 5.0 |
Total Gross Intangibles |  | $ | 2,206,852 |  | $ | 2,193,257 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,400,109 |  |  | 12.6 |
2015 Accumulated Amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Patents and developed technology |  | $ | 1,478,692 |  | $ | 575,026 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,053,718 |  |  |  |
Customer relationships |  |  | — |  |  | 89,941 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 89,941 |  |  |  |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | — |  |  | 81,400 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 81,400 |  |  |  |
Intellectual property |  |  | — |  |  | 61,474 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 61,474 |  |  |  |
Accumulated Amortization |  | $ | 1,478,692 |  | $ | 807,841 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,286,533 |  |  |  |
Net 2015 per Balance Sheet |  | $ | 728,160 |  | $ | 1,385,416 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,113,576 |  |  |  |
2014 Gross Amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Patents and developed technology |  | $ | 2,494,261 |  | $ | 1,025,303 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,519,564 |  |  | 15.7 |
Customer relationships |  |  | — |  |  | 449,706 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 449,706 |  |  | 5.0 |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | — |  |  | 407,000 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 407,000 |  |  | 5.0 |
Intellectual property |  |  | — |  |  | 307,370 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 307,370 |  |  | 5.0 |
Total Gross Intangibles |  | $ | 2,494,261 |  | $ | 2,189,379 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,683,640 |  |  | 12.7 |
2014 Accumulated Amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Patents and developed technology |  | $ | 1,649,655 |  | $ | 535,415 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,185,070 |  |  |  |
Customer relationships |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Intellectual property |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Accumulated amortization |  |  | 1,649,655 |  |  | 535,415 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,185,070 |  |  |  |
Net 2014 per Balance Sheet |  | $ | 844,606 |  | $ | 1,653,964 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,498,570 |  |  |  |

In the event that facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of long-lived assets, including definite life intangible assets, may be impaired, an evaluation is performed to determine if a write-down is required. No events or changes in circumstances have occurred to indicate that the carrying amount of such long-lived assets held and used may not be recovered.
35

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. Accounting Policies (continued)
The Company performed qualitative assessments as of the end of fiscal 2015 and fiscal 2014 and determined it is more likely than not that no impairment of goodwill existed at the end of 2015 or 2014. The Company will perform annual qualitative assessments in subsequent years as of the end of each fiscal year. Additionally, the Company will perform interim analysis whenever conditions warrant.
Goodwill or trademarks would be considered impaired whenever our historical carrying amount exceeds the fair value. Goodwill and trademarks were not impaired in 2015, 2014 or 2013. Should we reach a different conclusion in the future, additional work would be performed to determine the amount of the non-cash impairment charge to be recognized. The maximum future impairment of goodwill or trademarks that could occur is the amount recognized on our balance sheet.
The following is a roll-forward of goodwill for 2015 and 2014:

|  | Industrial Hardware Segment |  | Security Products Segment |  | Metal Products Segment |  | Total |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 1,901,312 |  | $ | 13,059,042 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 14,960,354 |
Foreign exchange |  |  | (169,561 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (169,561) |
Ending balance |  | $ | 1,731,751 |  | $ | 13,059,042 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 14,790,793 |

|  | Industrial Hardware Segment |  | Security Products Segment |  | Metal Products Segment |  | Total |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 2,008,231 |  | $ | 11,833,816 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 13,842,047 |
Acquisition of Argo Transdata |  |  | — |  |  | 1,225,226 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,225,226 |
Foreign exchange |  |  | (106,919 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (106,919 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | 1,901,312 |  | $ | 13,059,042 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 14,960,354 |

Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold reflects the cost of purchasing, manufacturing and preparing a product for sale. These costs generally represent the expenses to acquire or manufacture products for sale (including an allocation of depreciation and amortization) and are primarily comprised of direct materials, direct labor, and overhead, which includes indirect labor, facility and equipment costs, inbound freight, receiving, inspection, purchasing, warehousing and any other costs related to the purchasing, manufacturing or preparation of a product for sale.
Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of goods sold.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses include all operating costs of the Company that are not directly related to the cost of purchasing, manufacturing and preparing a product for sale. These expenses generally represent the cost of selling or distributing the product once it is available for sale, as well as administrative expenses for support functions and related overhead.
36

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. Accounting Policies (continued)
Product Development Costs
Product development costs, charged to expense as incurred, were $1,218,948 in 2015, $1,079,557 in 2014 and $991,286 in 2013.
Advertising Costs
The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising costs were $496,066 in 2015, $494,267 in 2014 and $486,027 in 2013.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions pursuant to the provisions of FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740 which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in a company’s financial statements. These provisions detail how companies should recognize, measure, present and disclose uncertain tax positions that have or are expected to be taken. As such, the financial statements will reflect expected future tax consequences of uncertain tax positions presuming the taxing authorities’ full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. See Note 8 Income Taxes.
The Company and its U.S. subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.
Earnings per Share
The denominators used in the earnings per share computations follow:

|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |
Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  | 6,245,057 |  | 6,225,068 |  | 6,220,928 |
Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  | 6,245,057 |  | 6,225,068 |  | 6,220,928 |
Dilutive stock options |  | — |  | 12,846 |  | 16,830 |
Denominator for diluted earnings per share |  | 6,245,057 |  | 6,237,914 |  | 6,237,758 |

There were no anti-dilutive stock options in 2015, 2014 or 2013.
Derivatives
The Company does not maintain any derivatives as of the date of this report.
Stock Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock based compensation pursuant to the fair value recognition provisions of ASC 718. No stock options were granted in 2015, 2014 or 2013, and, since all outstanding options were fully vested in each year presented, there was no impact on the financial statements.
37

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. Accounting Policies (continued)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The company utilizes a fair value hierarchy, which maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The fair value hierarchy has three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 | Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2 | Quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3 | Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

The carrying amounts of financial instruments (cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and debt) as of January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015, approximate fair value. Fair value was based on expected cash flows and current market conditions.
3. Business Acquisitions
Effective December 15, 2014 the Company acquired certain assets of Argo Transdata Corporation (“Argo”) including accounts receivable, inventories, furniture, fixtures and equipment, intellectual property rights and rights existing under all sales and purchase agreements. Argo is a contract manufacturer of printed circuit board assemblies and has the ability to manufacture surface mount (SMT), through hole and wire bond assemblies or any combination of the three technologies. Its products are sold to numerous OEM’s in industries such as measurement systems, industrial controls, medical and military. The Argo acquisition further diversified our markets and provides a source for printed circuit boards which are used in several of our current products. Argo is included in the Security Products segment of the Company from the date of the acquisition. The cost of the acquisition of Argo was approximately $5,034,000, inclusive of transaction costs, plus a contingent earn-out of $282,914 based on revenue levels in each of the first two fiscal years following the closing and the assumption of $63,000 in current liabilities. In 2015, the Company recognized $138,683 in earnings as a result of Argo not meeting the sales goals for the 1st year earn-out. On January 2, 2016 the contingent earn-out liability was $144,231.
The above acquisition was accounted for under ASC 805. The acquired business is included in the consolidated operating results of the Company from the date of acquisition. The excess of the cost of Argo over the fair market value of the net assets acquired of $1,225,226 has been recorded as goodwill.
In connection with the above acquisition, the Company recorded the following intangible assets:

Asset Class/Description | Amount | Weighted-average Amortization Period in Years
Patents, technology, and licenses |  |
Customer relationships | $ 449,706 | 5.0
Intellectual property | 307,370 | 5.0
Non-compete agreements | 407,000 | 5.0
| $ 1,164,076 | 5.0

There is no anticipated residual value relating to these intangible assets.
Neither the actual results nor the pro forma effects of the acquisition of Argo are material to the Company's financial statements.
38

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
4. Contingencies
The Company is party to various legal proceedings and claims related to its normal business operations. In the opinion of management, the Company has substantial and meritorious defenses for these claims and proceedings in which it is a defendant, and believes these matters will ultimately be resolved without a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity of the Company. The aggregate provision for losses related to contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business was not material to operating results for any year presented.
During the fourth quarter of 2010, the Company was contacted by the State of Illinois regarding potential ground contamination at our plant in Wheeling, Illinois. The Company signed up with a voluntary remediation program in Illinois and has engaged an environmental clean-up company to perform testing and develop a remediation plan. The estimated cost of remediation is $30,000.
Approximately 26% of the total workforce is subject to negotiated union contracts, and none of the agreements expire during 2016.
5. Debt
On January 29, 2010, the Company signed a secured Loan Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with People’s United Bank (“People’s”) which included a $5,000,000 term portion and a $10,000,000 revolving credit portion. The term portion of the loan requires quarterly principal payments of $178,571 for a period of seven (7) years, maturing on January 31, 2017. The revolving credit portion had a quarterly commitment fee of one quarter of one percent (0.25%), and a maturity date of January 31, 2012.
On January 25, 2012 the Company amended the Loan Agreement by taking an additional $5,000,000 term loan (the “2012 Term Loan”). The 2012 Term Loan requires quarterly principal payments of $178,571 for a period of seven (7) years, maturing on January 31, 2019. At the same time the maturity date of the revolving credit portion was extended to January 31, 2014 and continued to have a quarterly commitment fee of one quarter of one percent (0.25%).
Interest on the original term portion of the Loan Agreement is fixed at 4.98%. Interest on the 2012 Term Loan is fixed at 3.90%. For the period from January 25, 2012 to January 23, 2014, interest on the revolving credit portion of the Loan Agreement varied based on the LIBOR rate or People’s Prime rate plus 2.25%, with a floor of 3.25% with a maturity date of January 31, 2014. On January 23, 2014, the Company amended the Loan Agreement with People’s. The amendment renewed and extended the maturity date of the revolving credit portion of the Loan Agreement to July 1, 2016 and changed the interest rate to LIBOR plus 2.25%, and eliminated the 3.25% floor previously in place. The quarterly commitment fee of one quarter of one percent (0.25%) remained unchanged. The Company did not utilize the revolving credit portion of the Loan Agreement at any time during 2014 or 2015.
Debt consists of:

|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |
Term loans |  | $ | 3,214,285 |  | $ | 4,285,714 |
Revolving credit loan |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  |  | 3,214,285 |  |  | 4,285,714 |
Less current portion |  |  | 1,428,571 |  |  | 1,071,429 |
|  | $ | 1,785,714 |  | $ | 3,214,285 |

The Company paid interest of $174,558 in 2015, $272,993 in 2014, and $319,760 in 2013.
39

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
5. Debt (continued)
The Company’s loan covenants under the Loan Agreement require the Company to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.1 to 1, a leverage ratio of no more than 1.75 to 1, and minimum tangible net worth of $43 million increasing each year by 50% of consolidated net income. This amount was approximately $52.8 million as of December 28, 2013. As part of an amendment to the Loan Agreement signed on January 23, 2014, the leverage ratio was eliminated, and the minimum tangible net worth covenant was modified to a fixed minimum amount of $55 million, effective with the end of the Company’s first quarter of 2014. In addition, the Company has restrictions on, among other things, new capital leases, purchases or redemptions of its capital stock, mergers and divestitures, and new borrowing. The Company was in compliance with all covenants in 2014 and 2015.
As of January 3, 2015, scheduled annual principal maturities of long-term debt for each of the next five years follow:

2016 |  | $ | 1,428,571 |
2017 |  |  | 892,857 |
2018 |  |  | 714,286 |
2019 |  |  | 178,571 |
2020 |  |  | — |
Thereafter |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 3,214,285 |

6. Stock Rights
The Company had a stock rights plan. At January 3, 2015, there were 6,244,013 stock rights outstanding under the plan. Each right may have been exercised to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $80.00, subject to adjustment to prevent dilution.
On August 7, 2015, the Company terminated the 2008 Shareholder Rights Agreement. Pursuant to Section 23 of the Rights Agreement, the Company redeemed all of the outstanding rights at a redemption price of $0.01 per right. The redemption fee was paid on September 15, 2015, to common shareholders of record as of August 19, 2015.
7. Stock Options and Awards
Stock Options
At the end of 2015, the Company had one stock option plan, the 2010 plan, for officers, other key employees, and non-employee directors. Incentive stock options granted under the 2010 plan must have exercise prices that are not less than 100% of the fair market value of the stock on the dates the options are granted. Restricted stock awards may also be granted to participants under the 2010 plan with restrictions determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. Under the 2010 plan, non-qualified stock options granted to participants will have exercise prices determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. No options or restricted stock were granted in 2015, 2014 or 2013.
As of January 2, 2016, there were 500,000 shares of common stock reserved and available for future grant under the above noted 2010 plan.
40

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
7. Stock Options and Awards (continued)
Information with respect to the Company’s stock option plans is summarized below:

|  | Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Outstanding at December 29, 2012 |  | 21,000 |  |  | $13.58 |
Exercised |  | (1,000 | ) |  | 13.58 |
Outstanding at December 28, 2013 |  | 20,000 |  |  | 13.58 |
Exercised |  | (20,000 | ) |  | 13.58 |
Outstanding at January 3, 2015 |  | — |  |  |  |
Exercised |  | — |  |  |  |
Outstanding at January 2, 2016 |  | — |  |  |  |

At January 2, 2016, there were no stock options outstanding or exercisable. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised in 2014 and 2013 was $59,125 and $1,590, respectively.
8. Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes are provided on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and those for income tax reporting purposes. Deferred income tax (assets) liabilities relate to:

|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |
Property, plant and equipment |  | $ | 6,694,885 |  | $ | 6,503,597 |  | $ | 6,184,873 |
Other |  |  | 99,989 |  |  | 92,531 |  |  | 208,938 |
Total deferred income tax liabilities |  |  | 6,794,874 |  |  | 6,596,128 |  |  | 6,393,811 |
Other postretirement benefits |  |  | (281,154 | ) |  | (1,030,203 | ) |  | (787,087 | )
Inventories |  |  | (807,061 | ) |  | (829,876 | ) |  | (848,364 | )
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  |  | (124,351 | ) |  | (105,296 | ) |  | (104,695 | )
Intangible assets |  |  | (299,137 | ) |  | (396,541 | ) |  | (373,482 | )
Accrued compensation |  |  | (252,297 | ) |  | (203,180 | ) |  | (158,866 | )
Pensions |  |  | (8,616,582 | ) |  | (9,275,949 | ) |  | (3,828,224 | )
Total deferred income tax assets |  |  | (10,380,582 | ) |  | (11,841,045 | ) |  | (6,100,718 | )
Net deferred income tax (assets) liabilities |  | $ | (3,585,708 | ) | $ | (5,244,917 | ) | $ | 293,093 |

Income before income taxes consists of:

|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |
Domestic |  | $ | 4,308,809 |  | $ | 8,087,552 |  | $ | 7,139,039 |
Foreign |  |  | 3,712,166 |  |  | 3,441,211 |  |  | 2,974,856 |
|  | $ | 8,020,975 |  | $ | 11,528,763 |  | $ | 10,113,895 |

41

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
8. I ncome T axes (continued)
The provision for income taxes follows:

|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | 1,337,417 |  | $ | 2,339,917 |  | $ | 1,942,271 |
Foreign |  |  | 1,054,694 |  |  | 991,257 |  |  | 871,949 |
State |  |  | 140,139 |  |  | 295,554 |  |  | 162,952 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  |  | (223,530 | ) |  | 164,830 |  |  | 241,821 |
State |  |  | (14,788 | ) |  | 75,729 |  |  | (7,019 | )
|  | $ | 2,293,932 |  | $ | 3,867,287 |  | $ | 3,211,974 |

A reconciliation of income taxes computed using the U.S. federal statutory rate to that reflected in operations follows:

|  | 2015 | 2014 | 2013
|  | Amount |  | Percent | Amount |  | Percent | Amount |  | Percent
Income taxes using U.S. federal statutory rate |  | $ 2,727,131 |  | 34 | % | $ 3,919,779 |  | 34 | % | $ 3,438,724 |  | 34 | %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit |  | 82,987 |  | 1 |  | 249,324 |  | 2 |  | 99,245 |  | 1 |
Impact of foreign subsidiaries on effective tax rate |  | (388,132 | ) | (5 | ) | (76,914 | ) | (1 | ) | (103,878 | ) | (1 | )
Impact of manufacturers deduction on effective tax rate |  | (91,018 | ) | (1 | ) | (185,993 | ) | (1 | ) | (138,127 | ) | (1 | )
Other—net |  | (37,036 | ) | - |  | (38,909 | ) | - |  | (83,990 | ) | (1 | )
|  | $ 2,293,932 |  | 29 | % | $ 3,867,287 |  | 34 | % | $ 3,211,974 |  | 32 | %

Total income taxes paid were $2,348,865 in 2015, $3,989,978 in 2014 and $2,568,708 in 2013.
United States income taxes have been provided on the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries ($13,308,709 at January 2, 2016) only where necessary because such earnings are intended to be reinvested abroad indefinitely or repatriated only when substantially free of such taxes. The Company would be required to accrue and pay United States income taxes to repatriate the funds held by foreign subsidiaries not otherwise provided.
During 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company received tax benefits of $0, $8,882, and $0, respectively, as a result of the exercise and sale of incentive stock options that resulted in the disqualification of those incentive stock options and the exercise of non-qualified stock options during the year. The tax benefit associated with the exercise of the incentive and non-qualified stock options has been recorded to common stock.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits are as follows:

|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |
Balance at beginning of year |  | $ | 248,645 |  | $ | 220,289 |  | $ | 499,624 |
Increases for positions taken during the current period |  |  | 27,947 |  |  | 50,735 |  |  | 49,636 |
Decreases relating to settlements |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (263,856 | )
Decreases resulting from the expiration of the statute of limitations |  |  | (26,810 | ) |  | (22,379 | ) |  | (65,115 | )
Balance at end of year |  | $ | 249,782 |  | $ | 248,645 |  | $ | 220,289 |

42

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
8. I ncome T axes (continued)
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various states and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2012 and non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities prior to 2009.
Included in the balance at January 2, 2016, are $164,856 of unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the annual effective tax rate. In 2015, the Company recognized accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company had approximately $37,000 of accrued interest at January 2, 2016.
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits could increase or decrease within the next twelve months for a number of reasons, including the closure of federal, state and foreign tax years by expiration of the statute of limitations and the recognition and measurement considerations under ASC 740. The Company believes that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will not increase or decrease significantly over the next twelve months.
9. Leases
The Company leases certain equipment and buildings under operating lease arrangements. Most leases are for a fixed term and for a fixed amount; additionally, the Company leases certain buildings under operating leases on a month-to-month basis. The Company is not a party to any leases that have step rent provisions, escalation clauses, capital improvement funding or payment increases based on any index or rate.
Future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases with initial or remaining terms in excess of one year during each of the next five years follow:

2016 |  | $ | 1,046,940 |
2017 |  |  | 992,680 |
2018 |  |  | 884,615 |
2019 |  |  | 397,186 |
2020 |  |  | 55,120 |
|  | $ | 3,376,541 |

Rent expense for all operating leases was $1,324,365 in 2015, $1,151,749 in 2014 and $1,093,895 in 2013. The Company expects future rent expense, including non-cancelable operating leases, leases that are expected to be renewed and buildings leased on a month-to-month basis, for each of the next five years to be in the range of $1,100,000 to $1,300,000.
10. Retirement Benefit Plans
The Company has non-contributory defined benefit pension plans covering most U.S. employees. Plan benefits are generally based upon age at retirement, years of service and, for its salaried plan, the level of compensation. The Company also sponsors unfunded non-qualified supplemental retirement plans that provide certain former officers with benefits in excess of limits imposed by federal tax law.
The Company also provides health care and life insurance for retired salaried employees in the United States who meet specific eligibility requirements.
43

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
10. Retirement Benefit Plans (continued)
Components of the net periodic benefit cost of the Company’s pension benefit plans were as follows:

|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |
Service cost |  | $ | 3,770,191 |  | $ | 2,837,134 |  | $ | 3,028,863 |
Interest cost |  |  | 3,472,870 |  |  | 3,365,194 |  |  | 2,840,622 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (5,151,654 | ) |  | (4,810,524 | ) |  | (4,827,393 | )
Amortization of prior service cost |  |  | 218,585 |  |  | 218,585 |  |  | 256,459 |
Amortization of the net loss |  |  | 1,928,298 |  |  | 944,130 |  |  | 1,844,139 |
Net periodic benefit cost |  | $ | 4,238,290 |  | $ | 2,554,519 |  | $ | 3,142,690 |

Assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the Company’s pension benefit plans for the fiscal year indicated were as follows:

| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Discount rate | 3.90% |  | 4.80% |  | 3.90%
Expected return on plan assets | 8.0% |  | 8.0% |  | 8.0%
Rate of compensation increase | 3.25% |  | 3.25% |  | 3.25%

Components of the net periodic benefit cost of the Company’s postretirement benefit plan were as follows:

|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |
Service cost |  | $ | 217,570 |  | $ | 173,902 |  | $ | 202,568 |
Interest cost |  |  | 154,915 |  |  | 157,481 |  |  | 142,086 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (91,936 | ) |  | (22,434 | ) |  | (73,920 | )
Amortization of prior service cost |  |  | (23,889 | ) |  | (23,888 | ) |  | (23,888 | )
Amortization of the net loss |  |  | 18,804 |  |  | (72,378 | ) |  | (4,608 | )
Net periodic benefit cost |  | $ | 275,464 |  | $ | 212,683 |  | $ | 242,238 |

Assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the Company’s postretirement plan for the fiscal year indicated were as follows:

| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Discount rate | 3.90% |  | 4.80% |  | 3.90%
Expected return on plan assets | 8.0% |  | 8.0% |  | 8.0%

As of January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015, the status of the Company’s pension benefit plans and postretirement benefit plan was as follows:

|  | Pension Benefit |  | Postretirement Benefit |
|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |
Benefit obligation at beginning of year |  | $ | 90,516,922 |  | $ | 71,211,198 |  | $ | 4,055,112 |  | $ | 3,420,475 |
Change due to availability of final actual assets and census data |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 346 |  |  | (56,516 | )
Discount rate |  |  | (4,121,170 | ) |  | 10,600,944 |  |  | (87,748 | ) |  | 445,610 |
Mortality table |  |  | — |  |  | 2,808,383 |  |  | — |  |  | 75,047 |
Service cost |  |  | 3,770,191 |  |  | 2,837,134 |  |  | 217,570 |  |  | 173,902 |
Interest cost |  |  | 3,472,870 |  |  | 3,365,194 |  |  | 154,915 |  |  | 157,481 |
Actuarial (gain)/loss |  |  | (3,316,552 | ) |  | 2,287,760 |  |  | (2,235,904 | ) |  | (23,169 | )
Benefits paid |  |  | (2,894,492 | ) |  | (2,593,691 | ) |  | (122,947 | ) |  | (137,718 | )
Benefit obligation at end of year |  | $ | 87,427,769 |  | $ | 90,516,922 |  | $ | 1,981,344 |  | $ | 4,055,112 |

44

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
10. Retirement Benefit Plans (continued)

|  | Pension Benefit |  | Postretirement Benefit |  |
|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year |  | $ | 64,352,110 |  | $ | 60,350,987 |  | $ | 1,149,204 |  | $ | 1,187,603 |
Change due to availability of final actual assets and census data |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,451 | )
Actual return on plan assets |  |  | (1,340,977 | ) |  | 3,731,262 |  |  | 39,085 |  |  | 22,434 |
Employer contributions |  |  | 3,006,202 |  |  | 2,863,552 |  |  | 122,947 |  |  | 79,336 |
Benefits paid |  |  | (2,894,492 | ) |  | (2,593,691 | ) |  | (122,947 | ) |  | (137,718 | )
Fair value of plan assets at end of year |  | $ | 63,122,843 |  | $ | 64,352,110 |  | $ | 1,188,289 |  | $ | 1,149,204 |

|  | Pension Benefit |  | Postretirement Benefit |
Funded Status |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |
Net amount recognized in the balance sheet |  | $ | (24,304,926 | ) | $ | (26,164,812 | ) | $ | (793,055 | ) | $ | (2,905,908 | )

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income consist of:

|  | Pension Benefit |  | Postretirement Benefit |
|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |
Net (loss)/gain |  | $ | (32,220,482 | ) | $ | (35,093,871 | ) | $ | 1,658,406 |  | $ | (630,853 | )
Prior service (cost) credit |  |  | (376,685 | ) |  | (595,270 | ) |  | 63,731 |  |  | 87,620 |
|  | $ | (32,597,167 | ) | $ | (35,689,141 | ) | $ | 1,722,137 |  | $ | (543,233 | )

Change in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income consist of:

|  | Pension Benefit |  | Postretirement Benefit |
|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | (35,689,141 | ) | $ | (20,075,506 | ) | $ | (543,233 | ) | $ | (3,544 | )
Change due to availability of final actual assets and census data |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (346 | ) |  | 54,065 |
Charged to net periodic benefit cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service cost |  |  | 218,585 |  |  | 218,585 |  |  | (23,889 | ) |  | (23,888 | )
Net loss (gain) |  |  | 1,928,298 |  |  | 944,130 |  |  | 18,804 |  |  | — |
Liability (gains)/losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate |  |  | 4,121,170 |  |  | (10,600,944 | ) |  | 87,748 |  |  | (445,610 | )
Mortality table |  |  | — |  |  | (2,808,383 | ) |  | — |  |  | (75,047 | )
Asset (gains)/losses deferred |  |  | (2,813,796 | ) |  | (184,695 | ) |  | (52,851 | ) |  | (72,378 | )
Other |  |  | (362,283 | ) |  | (3,182,328 | ) |  | 2,235,904 |  |  | 23,169 |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | (32,597,167 | ) | $ | (35,689,141 | ) | $ | 1,722,137 |  | $ | (543,233 | )

In 2016, the net periodic pension benefit cost will include $1,837,738 of net loss and $200,568 of prior service cost and the net periodic postretirement benefit cost will include $125,885 of net gain and $23,889 of prior service credit.
45

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
10. Retirement Benefit Plans (continued)
Assumptions used to determine the projected benefit obligations for the Company’s pension benefit plans and postretirement benefit plan for the fiscal year indicated were as follows:

|  | 2015 |  | 2014
Discount rate |  |  |  |  |  |
- Pension plans |  | 4.24% - 4.28% |  |  | 3.9 | %
- Supplemental pension plans |  | 3.53 | % |  | 3.9 | %
- Postretirement plan |  | 4.23 | % |  | 3.9 | %
Expected return on plan assets |  | 8.0 | % |  | 8.0 | %
Rate of compensation increase |  | 3.25 | % |  | 3.25 | %

At January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015, the accumulated benefit obligation for all qualified and nonqualified defined benefit pension plans was $83,433,339 and $84,714,136, respectively.
Information for the under-funded pension plans with a projected benefit obligation and an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets:

|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |
Number of plans |  |  | 6 |  |  | 6 |
Projected benefit obligation |  | $ | 87,427,769 |  | $ | 90,516,922 |
Accumulated benefit obligation |  |  | 83,433,339 |  |  | 84,714,136 |
Fair value of plan assets |  |  | 63,122,843 |  |  | 64,352,110 |
Net amount recognized in accrued benefit liability |  |  | (24,304,926 | ) |  | (26,164,812 | )

Estimated future benefit payments to participants of the Company’s pension plans are $3.4 million in 2016, $3.6 million in 2017, $3.8 million in 2018, $4.1 million in 2019, $4.4 million in 2020 and a total of $26.2 million from 2021 through 2025.
Estimated future benefit payments to participants of the Company’s postretirement plan are $118,000 in 2016, $118,000 in 2017, $117,000 in 2018, $117,000 in 2019, $117,000 in 2020 and a total of $577,000 from 2021 through 2025.
The Company expects to make cash contributions to its qualified pension plans of approximately $3.1 million and to its postretirement plan of approximately $118,000 in 2016.
We consider a number of factors in determining and selecting assumptions for the overall expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. We consider the historical long-term return experience of our assets, the current and expected allocation of our plan assets, and expected long-term rates of return. We derive these expected long-term rates of return with the assistance of our investment advisors and generally base these rates on a 10-year horizon for various asset classes and consider the expected positive impact of active investment management. We base our expected allocation of plan assets on a diversified portfolio consisting of domestic and international equity securities and fixed income securities.
We consider a variety of factors in determining and selecting our assumptions for the discount rate at the end of the year. In 2015 we developed each plan’s discount rate with the assistance of our actuaries by matching expected future benefit payments in each year to the corresponding spot rates from the Citigroup Pension Liability Yield Curve, comprised of high quality (rated AA or better) corporate bonds. Prior to 2015, we used the same process to determine each individual plan’s discount rate, but the average of these rates was used to determine a single rate for all plans.
46

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
10. Retirement Benefit Plans (continued)
The fair values of the company’s pension plans assets at January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015, utilizing the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 2, follow:

|  | January 2, 2016 |
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |
Cash and Equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common/collective trust funds |  | $ | — |  | $ | 236,209 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 236,209 |
Equities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The Eastern Company Common Stock |  |  | 4,069,088 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,069,088 |
Common/collective trust funds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Russell Large Cap Defensive Equity Fund (a) |  |  | — |  |  | 6,685,388 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,685,388 |
Russell Equity II Fund (b) |  |  | — |  |  | 4,456,364 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,456,364 |
Russell Large Cap U.S. Equity Fund (c) |  |  | — |  |  | 5,575,535 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,575,535 |
Russell International Fund with Active Currency (d) |  |  | — |  |  | 7,796,625 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,796,625 |
Russell Emerging Markets Fund (e) |  | — |  |  | 3,350,136 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,350,136 |
Fixed Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common/collective trust funds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Russell Fixed Income I Fund (f) |  |  | — |  |  | 8,504,086 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,504,086 |
Target Duration LDI Fixed Income Funds (g) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
· Russell 8 Year LDI Fixed Income Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 1,478,701 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,478,701 |
· Russell 10 Year LDI Fixed Income Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 1,840,616 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,840,616 |
· Russell 12 Year LDI Fixed Income Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 2,119,786 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,119,786 |
· Russell 14 Year LDI Fixed Income Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 3,795,220 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,795,220 |
· Russell 16 Year LDI Fixed Income Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 5,615,278 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,615,278 |
STRIPS Fixed Income Funds (h) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
· Russell 15 Year STRIPS Fixed Income Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 2,606,554 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,606,554 |
· Russell 10 Year STRIPS Fixed Income Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 1,411,574 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,411,574 |
· Russell 28 to 29 Year STRIPS Fixed Income Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 543,357 |  |  | — |  |  | 543,357 |
Insurance contracts |  |  | — |  |  | 3,038,326 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,038,326 |
Total |  | $ | 4,069,088 |  | $ | 59,053,755 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 63,122,843 |

47

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
10. Retirement Benefit Plans (continued)

|  | January 3, 2015 |
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |
Cash and Equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common/collective trust funds |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,201,073 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,201,073 |
Equities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The Eastern Company Common Stock |  |  | 3,473,938 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,473,938 |
Common/collective trust funds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Russell Large Cap Defensive Equity Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 6,936,880 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,936,880 |
Russell Equity II Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 4,632,485 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,632,485 |
Russell Concentrated Equity Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 5,788,864 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,788,864 |
Russell International Fund with Active Currency |  |  | — |  |  | 7,606,489 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,606,489 |
Russell Emerging Markets Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 3,188,672 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,188,672 |
Fixed Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common/collective trust funds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Russell Fixed Income I Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 17,013,171 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,013,171 |
Target Duration LDI Fixed Income Funds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
· Russell 6 Year LDI Fixed Income Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 226,826 |  |  | — |  |  | 226,826 |
· Russell 8 Year LDI Fixed Income Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 227,960 |  |  | — |  |  | 227,960 |
· Russell 10 Year LDI Fixed Income Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 343,712 |  |  | — |  |  | 343,712 |
· Russell 12 Year LDI Fixed Income Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 919,538 |  |  | — |  |  | 919,538 |
· Russell 14 Year LDI Fixed Income Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 1,212,739 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,212,739 |
· Russell 16 Year LDI Fixed Income Fund |  |  | — |  |  | 520,522 |  |  | — |  |  | 520,522 |
Russell Long Duration Fixed Income Fund (i) |  |  | — |  |  | 8,112,746 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,112,746 |
Insurance contracts |  |  | — |  |  | 2,946,495 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,946,495 |
Total |  | $ | 3,473,938 |  | $ | 60,878,172 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 64,352,110 |

Equity common funds primarily hold publicly traded common stock of both U.S and international companies selected for purposes of total return and to maintain equity exposure consistent with policy allocations. The Level 1 investment is made up of shares of The Eastern Company Common Stock and is valued at market price. Level 2 investments include commingled funds valued at unit values provided by the investment managers, which are based on the fair value of the underlying publicly traded securities.
48

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
10. Retirement Benefit Plans (continued)

(a) | The investment objective of the Russell Large Cap Defensive Equity Fund is to outperform the Russell 1000® Defensive Index® while managing volatility and maintaining diversification similar to the Index over a full market cycle. The Fund invests in common stocks of large and medium cap U.S. companies, employing a multi-manager approach with advisors using distinct methods to identify medium to large cap U.S. stocks with positive excess return potential. The defensive style of investing emphasizes investments in equities of companies expected to have lower than average stock price volatility, higher financial quality and/or stable business fundamentals.
(b) | The Russell Equity II Fund has an objective to provide a favorable total return primarily through capital appreciation. Aims to outperform the Russell 2500® Index with above-average consistency while managing volatility and maintaining diversification similar to the Index over a full market cycle. The fund invests in common stocks of U.S. small cap companies. It employs a multi-style (growth and market-oriented, value), multi-manager approach. Advisors employ distinct yet complementary styles in their stock selection, focusing on factors such as: undervalued or under-researched companies, special situations, emerging growth, asset plays and turnarounds.
(c) | The investment objective of the Russell Large Cap U.S. Equity Fund (formerly the Russell Concentrated Equity Fund) is to outperform the Russell 1000® Index with above-average consistency over a full market cycle. The fund invests in common stocks of large and medium cap U.S. companies. Employs a multi-style, multi-manager approach whereby portions of the fund are allocated to different money managers who employ distinct styles. The number of advisors and number of stocks (150 – 200) is more concentrated than other Russell multi-style large cap U.S. funds.
(d) | The Russell International Fund with Active Currency seeks to provide long-term growth of Capital. Aims to outperform the Russell Development ex-U.S. Large Cap Index Net while managing volatility and maintaining diversification similar to the index over a full market cycle. The fund invests primarily in the equities of non-U.S. developing markets and currency of global markets. Employs multiple managers with distinct investment styles, which are intended to be complementary. Seeks to capitalize on the stock selection abilities of its active manager. The Fund typically has moderate country and sector weights relative to the index. Also believe active currency management is an attractive strategy with the potential to deliver excess return.
(e) | The Russell Emerging Markets Fund seeks to provide the potential for long-term growth of Capital. Aims to outperform the Russell Emerging Markets Index Net over a full market cycle. The fund invests in equity securities of companies located in, or are economically tied to, emerging market countries. Securities are denominated principally in foreign currencies and are typically held outside the U.S. The Fund employs a multi-style (growth, market-oriented and value) and multi-manager approach whereby portions of the fund are allocated to different money managers who employ distinct styles.
(f) | The Russell Fixed Income I Fund is designed to provide current income and capital appreciation through a variety of diversified strategies. The Fund seeks favorable returns comparable to the broad fixed income market, as measured by the Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index. The fund primarily invests in fixed income securities representing diverse sectors and maturities. Advisors use diversified strategies including sector rotation, modest interest rate timing, security selection and tactical use of high yield and emerging market bonds. It is actively managed with multiple advisors employing distinct yet complementary strategies and different technologies to insure prudent diversification over a broad spectrum of investments.
(g) | The Target Duration LDI Fixed Income Funds seek to outperform their respective Barclays-Russell LDI Indexes over a full market cycle. These Funds invest primarily in investment grade corporate bonds that closely match those found in discount curves used to value U.S. pension liabilities. They seek to provide additional incremental return through modest interest rate timing, security selection and tactical use of non-credit sectors. Generally for use in combination with other bond funds to gain additional credit exposure, with the goal of reducing the mismatch between a plan’s assets and liabilities.

49

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
10. Retirement Benefit Plans (continued)

(h) | The STRIPS (Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities) Funds seek to provide duration and Treasury exposure by investing in an optimized subset of the STRIPS universe with a similar duration profile as the Barclays U.S. Treasury STRIPS 10-11 year, 16-16 year or 28-29 year Index. These passively managed funds are generally used with other bond funds to add additional duration to the asset portfolio. This will help reduce the mismatch between a plan’s assets and liabilities.
(i) | The Russell Long Duration Fixed Income Fund seeks to outperform the Barclays Capital Long Credit Index over a full market cycle. The fund seeks to provide current income, and as a secondary objective, capital appreciation through diversified strategies including sector rotation, modest interest rate timing, security selection and tactical use of high yield and emerging market bonds. The fund will generally be used in combination with other bond funds, with the goal of reducing the mismatch between a plan’s assets and liabilities. In January 2015, the Trustee of the plan sold all of the assets of this fund. The proceeds were invested in the LDI Target funds and the STRIPS funds as of the end of 2015.

The investment portfolio contains a diversified blend of common stocks, bonds, cash equivalents, and other investments, which may reflect varying rates of return. The investments are further diversified within each asset classification. The portfolio diversification provides protection against a single security or class of securities having a disproportionate impact on aggregate performance. The Company has elected to change its investment strategy to better match the assets with the underlying plan liabilities. Currently, the long-term target allocations for plan assets are 50% in equities and 50% in fixed income although the actual plan asset allocations may be within a range around these targets. The actual asset allocations are reviewed and rebalanced on a periodic basis to maintain the target allocations. It is expected that, as the funded status of the plans improves, more assets will be invested in long-duration fixed income instruments.
The plans’ assets include 217,018 and 202,562 shares of the common stock of the Company having a market value of $4,069,938 and $3,473,938 at January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015, respectively. The Salaried Pension Plan purchased 14,456 shares of common stock at a cost of $232,124 during 2015 and 8,938 shares of common stock at a cost of $146,712 in 2014. No shares were sold in either period. Dividends received during 2015 and 2014 on the common stock of the Company were $92,743 and $93,507 respectively.
The fair values of the Company’s postretirement plan assets at January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015, utilizing the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 2, follow:

|  | January 2, 2016 |
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |
Fixed Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Insurance contracts |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,188,289 |  | $ | 1,188,289 |
Total |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,188,289 |  | $ | 1,188,289 |

|  | January 3, 2015
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Fixed Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Insurance contracts |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,149,204 |  | $ | 1,149,204
Total |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,149,204 |  | $ | 1,149,204

50

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
10. Retirement Benefit Plans (continued)
The level 3 asset consists of an insurance contract with The Prudential Life Insurance Company of America. It is designed to provide life insurance benefits for eligible retirees of the Company. The contract is valued annually by the insurance company, based on activity in the account. An analysis of the Level 3 asset of the Company’s postretirement plan is as follows:

|  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Fair value of Level 3 assets at beginning of year |  | $ | 1,149,204 |  |  | $ | 1,187,603 |
Change due to availability of final actual assets and census data |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,451 | )
Actual return on plan assets |  |  | 39,085 |  |  |  | 22,434 |
Employer contributions |  |  | 81,360 |  |  |  | 19,639 |
Benefits paid |  |  | (81,360 | ) |  |  | (78,021 | )
Fair value of Level 3 assets at end of year |  | $ | 1,188,289 |  |  | $ | 1,149,204 |

The Level 3 assets described above are the only assets of the postretirement plan, and thus have no impact on any Level 1 or Level 2 assets.
For measurement purposes relating to the postretirement benefit plan, the life insurance cost trend rate is 1%. The health care cost trend rate for participants retiring after January 1, 1991 is nil; no increase in that rate is expected because of caps placed on benefits. The health care cost trend rate is expected to remain at 4.5% for participants after the year 2000.
A one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects on the postretirement benefit plan:

|  | 1-Percentage Point |  |
|  | Increase |  | Decrease |  |
Effect on total of service and interest cost components |  | $ | 71,520 |  | $ | (57,039 | )
Effect on postretirement benefit obligation |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |

U.S. salaried employees and most employees of the Company’s Canadian subsidiaries are covered by defined contribution plans.
The Company has a contributory savings plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code covering substantially all U.S. non-union employees. The plan allows participants to make voluntary contributions of up to 100% of their annual compensation on a pretax basis, subject to IRS limitations. The plan provides for contributions by the Company at its discretion. The Company made contributions of $232,399 in 2015, $186,545 in 2014, and $194,068 in 2013. Beginning in 2015, the Company began making a non-discretionary contribution to the plan for the benefit of all U.S. non-union employees who are not eligible for the Company’s salaried retirement plan. This contribution totaled $51,470 in 2015.
11. Reportable Segments
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 2. Operating profit is total revenue less operating expenses, excluding interest and miscellaneous non-operating income and expenses. Inter-segment revenue, which is eliminated, is recorded on the same basis as sales to unaffiliated customers. Identifiable assets by reportable segment consist of those directly identified with the segment’s operations.
One customer of the Metal Products segment, Jennmar Corporation, accounted for 10.5% of total sales in 2014 and 11.5% of total sales in 2013. No other customer exceeded 10% of total sales in 2015, 2014 or 2013.
51

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
11. Reportable Segments (continued)

|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |
Sales: Sales to unaffiliated customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Industrial Hardware |  | $ | 61,338,812 |  | $ | 58,666,229 |  | $ | 60,367,209 |
Security Products |  |  | 56,598,487 |  |  | 49,381,553 |  |  | 48,751,688 |
Metal Products |  |  | 26,630,652 |  |  | 32,777,578 |  |  | 33,339,382 |
|  | $ | 144,567,951 |  | $ | 140,825,360 |  | $ | 142,458,279 |

Inter-segment Sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Industrial Hardware |  | $ | 595,596 |  | $ | 984,192 |  | $ | 373,797 |
Security Products |  |  | 2,813,576 |  |  | 2,565,733 |  |  | 2,558,127 |
Metal Products |  |  | 16,804 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,540 |
|  | $ | 3,425,976 |  | $ | 3,549,925 |  | $ | 2,943,464 |

Income Before Income Taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Industrial Hardware |  | $ | 4,314,149 |  | $ | 5,063,786 |  | $ | 4,797,254 |
Security Products |  |  | 3,798,115 |  |  | 4,058,554 |  |  | 2,780,403 |
Metal Products |  |  | (84,536 | ) |  | 2,596,308 |  |  | 2,808,664 |
Operating Profit |  |  | 8,027,728 |  |  | 11,718,648 |  |  | 10,386,321 |
Interest expense |  |  | (185,475 | ) |  | (254,576 | ) |  | (322,731 | )
Other income |  |  | 178,722 |  |  | 64,691 |  |  | 50,305 |
|  | $ | 8,020,975 |  | $ | 11,528,763 |  | $ | 10,113,895 |
Geographic Information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 126,115,036 |  | $ | 117,478,557 |  | $ | 114,085,322 |
Foreign |  |  | 18,452,915 |  |  | 23,346,803 |  |  | 28,372,957 |
|  | $ | 144,567,951 |  | $ | 140,825,360 |  | $ | 142,458,279 |

Foreign sales are primarily to customers in North America.

Identifiable Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 106,662,743 |  | $ | 105,771,961 |  | $ | 96,289,200 |
Foreign |  |  | 15,075,816 |  |  | 15,498,595 |  |  | 17,569,209 |
|  | $ | 121,738,559 |  | $ | 121,270,556 |  | $ | 113,858,409 |
Industrial Hardware |  | $ | 30,425,348 |  | $ | 29,660,695 |  | $ | 31,820,269 |
Security Products |  |  | 52,688,497 |  |  | 51,573,251 |  |  | 43,582,088 |
Metal Products |  |  | 20,931,863 |  |  | 21,037,058 |  |  | 19,282,393 |
|  |  | 104,045,708 |  |  | 102,271,004 |  |  | 94,684,750 |
General corporate |  |  | 17,692,851 |  |  | 18,999,552 |  |  | 19,173,659 |
|  | $ | 121,738,559 |  | $ | 121,270,556 |  | $ | 113,858,409 |

52

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
11. Reportable Segments (continued)

|  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |
Depreciation and Amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Industrial Hardware |  | $ | 1,580,741 |  | $ | 1,631,521 |  | $ | 2,085,618 |
Security Products |  |  | 1,010,262 |  |  | 621,501 |  |  | 592,555 |
Metal Products |  |  | 1,330,435 |  |  | 1,233,280 |  |  | 1,147,113 |
|  | $ | 3,921,438 |  | $ | 3,486,302 |  | $ | 3,825,286 |

Capital Expenditures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Industrial Hardware |  | $ | 1,479,984 |  | $ | 1,929,022 |  | $ | 1,967,335 |
Security Products |  |  | 388,377 |  |  | 973,365 |  |  | 469,669 |
Metal Products |  |  | 632,016 |  |  | 664,851 |  |  | 3,002,556 |
|  |  | 2,500,377 |  |  | 3,567,238 |  |  | 5,439,560 |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  | 25,020 |  |  | 10,347 |  |  | (245 | )
General corporate |  |  | 12,839 |  |  | 55,580 |  |  | 84,427 |
|  | $ | 2,538,236 |  | $ | 3,633,165 |  | $ | 5,523,742 |

12. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2012, the FASB issued authoritative guidance to amend previous guidance on the annual and interim testing of indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment. The guidance provides entities with the option of first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. If it is determined, on the basis of qualitative factors, that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is more likely than not less than the carrying amount, a quantitative impairment test would still be required. The Company adopted this guidance effective December 30, 2012 and it had no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
In February 2013, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which adds new disclosure requirements for items reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The guidance requires that an entity present either in a single note or parenthetically on the face of the financial statements, the effect of significant amounts reclassified from each component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income based on its source and the income statement line items affected by the reclassification. The guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2012. The Company adopted this guidance effective December 30, 2012 and it had no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
In July 2013, the FASB issued authoritative guidance that requires an entity to net its liability for unrecognized tax positions against a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss or a tax credit carryforward when settlement in this manner is available under the tax law. The guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2013. The Company adopted this guidance effective December 29, 2013 and it had no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
In April 2014, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which changes the criteria for determining which disposals can be presented as discontinued operations and modifies the related disclosure requirements. To qualify as a discontinued operation the standard requires a disposal to represent a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on an entity's operations and financial results. The standard also expands the disclosures for discontinued operations and requires new disclosures related to individually material dispositions that do not qualify as discontinued operations. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2014, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this guidance with its fiscal year effective January 4, 2015 and does not expect any impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company. This guidance will impact the reporting of any future dispositions.
53

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
12. Recent Accounting Pronouncements (continued)
In May 2014, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which impacts virtually all aspects of an entity's revenue recognition. The core principle of the new standard is that revenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company has not determined the impact of the adoption of this guidance on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
In July 2015, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which requires a company to change its valuation method of inventory from the lower of cost or market (market being replacement cost, net realizable value or net realizable value less an approximate profit margin) to the lower of cost or net realizable value. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendment should be applied prospectively with earlier application permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The adoption of this amendment is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
In September 2015, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which will simplify the accounting for adjustments made to provisional amounts recognized in a business combination. U.S. GAAP currently requires that during the measurement period, the acquirer retrospectively adjust the provisional amounts recognized at the acquisition date with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill. The amendments require that the acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments should be applied prospectively to adjustments to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date with earlier application permitted for financial statements that have not yet been issued. The adoption of this amendment is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect and that could impact its consolidated financial statements and does not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued, but are not yet effective, that might have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
54

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
13. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
Financial Risk Management Objectives and Policies
The Company is exposed primarily to credit, interest rate and currency exchange rate risks which arise in the normal course of business.
Credit Risk
Credit risk is the potential financial loss resulting from the failure of a customer or counterparty to settle its financial and contractual obligations to the Company, as and when they become due. The primary credit risk for the Company is its receivable accounts. The Company has established credit limits for customers and monitors their balances to mitigate its risk of loss. At January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015, there were no significant concentrations of credit risk. No customer represented more than 10% of total accounts receivable at January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015. The maximum exposure to credit risk is primarily represented by the carrying amount of the Company’s accounts receivable.
Interest Rate Risk
As of January 2, 2016 the Company currently has a fixed rate of 4.98% and 3.90% on its term debt. On January 2, 2016 the interest rate on the Company’s revolver was a variable rate based on LIBOR plus 2.25%. See Note 5 for additional details concerning the Loan Agreement. As the revolver is short term in nature, the Company does not consider this as a material risk to the financial statements.
Currency Exchange Rate Risk
The Company’s currency exposure is concentrated in the Canadian dollar, Mexican peso, New Taiwan dollar, Chinese RMB and the Hong Kong dollar. Because of the Company’s limited exposure to any single foreign market, any exchange gains or losses have not been material and are not expected to be material in the future. As a result, the Company does not attempt to mitigate its foreign currency exposure through the acquisition of any speculative or leveraged financial instruments.
Fair Value Measurements
Assets and liabilities that require fair value measurement are recorded at fair value using market and income valuation approaches and considering the Company’s and counterparty’s credit risk. The Company uses the market approach and the income approach to value assets and liabilities as appropriate. There were no assets or liabilities requiring fair value measurement on January 2, 2016.
55

The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
14. Selected Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)
Selected quarterly financial information (unaudited) follows:

|  |  |  |  |  | 2015 |  |  |  |  |
|  | First |  | Second |  | Third |  | Fourth |  | Year |
Net sales |  | $ | 36,876,842 |  | $ | 37,037,697 |  | $ | 36,239,500 |  | $ | 34,413,912 |  | $ | 144,567,951 |
Gross margin |  |  | 7,335,178 |  |  | 7,912,161 |  |  | 9,033,843 |  |  | 8,100,044 |  |  | 32,381,226 |
Selling and administrative expenses |  |  | 5,963,695 |  |  | 7,056,139 |  |  | 5,584,222 |  |  | 5,749,442 |  |  | 24,353,498 |
Net income |  |  | 873,951 |  |  | 584,594 |  |  | 2,527,722 |  |  | 1,740,776 |  |  | 5,727,043 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | .14 |  | $ | .09 |  | $ | .41 |  | $ | .28 |  | $ | .92 |
Diluted |  | $ | .14 |  | $ | .09 |  | $ | .41 |  | $ | .28 |  | $ | .92 |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 6,244,088 |  |  | 6,244,051 |  |  | 6,245,099 |  |  | 6,246,571 |  |  | 6,245,057 |
Diluted |  |  | 6,244,088 |  |  | 6,244,051 |  |  | 6,245,099 |  |  | 6,246,571 |  |  | 6,245,057 |

|  |  |  |  |  | 2014 |  |  |  |  |
|  | First |  | Second |  | Third |  | Fourth |  | Year |
Net sales |  | $ | 35,849,126 |  | $ | 34,779,773 |  | $ | 35,803,405 |  | $ | 34,393,056 |  | $ | 140,825,360 |
Gross margin |  |  | 7,513,406 |  |  | 7,776,304 |  |  | 8,461,473 |  |  | 8,555,221 |  |  | 32,486,404 |
Selling and administrative expenses |  |  | 5,216,289 |  |  | 4,988,364 |  |  | 4,892,600 |  |  | 5,670,503 |  |  | 20,767,756 |
Net (loss)/income |  |  | 1,502,885 |  |  | 1,693,503 |  |  | 2,431,817 |  |  | 2,033,271 |  |  | 7,661,476 |
Net (loss)/income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | .24 |  | $ | .27 |  | $ | .39 |  | $ | .33 |  | $ | 1.23 |
Diluted |  | $ | .24 |  | $ | .27 |  | $ | .39 |  | $ | .33 |  | $ | 1.23 |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 6,222,213 |  |  | 6,222,676 |  |  | 6,223,140 |  |  | 6,231,729 |  |  | 6,225,068 |
Diluted |  |  | 6,239,149 |  |  | 6,239,866 |  |  | 6,240,396 |  |  | 6,231,729 |  |  | 6,237,914 |

Fiscal 2015 consisted of four 13 week quarters totaling 52 weeks for the year. Fiscal 2014 consisted of 13 weeks for the first, second and third quarters, with the fourth quarter being 14 weeks, totaling 53 weeks for the year.
56

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
The Eastern Company
Naugatuck, Connecticut
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The Eastern Company (the Company) as of January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended January 2, 2016. The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended January 2, 2016 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 2, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated March 15, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion.
/s/Fiondella, Milone & LaSaracina LLP
Glastonbury, Connecticut
March 15, 2016
57

ITEM 9 | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the fiscal year ended January 2, 2016, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”), Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) and Chief Financial Officer (the “CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 240.13a-15. As defined in Exchange Act Rules 240.13a-15(e) and 240.15d-15(e), “the term disclosure controls and procedures means controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Act (15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.” Based upon that evaluation, the CEO, COO and CFO concluded that the Company’s current disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the January 2, 2016 evaluation date.
The Company believes that a controls system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and the CEO, COO and CFO have concluded that these controls and procedures are effective at the “reasonable assurance” level.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 240.13a-15(f) and 240.15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the CEO, COO and CFO, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued in 2013 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of January 2, 2016.
The independent registered public accounting firm of the Company has issued a report on its assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 2, 2016. Their report is included below in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no significant changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the last fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
58

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
The Eastern Company
Naugatuck, Connecticut
We have audited The Eastern Company’s (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of January 2, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 2, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows of the Company, and our report dated March 15, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion.
/s/Fiondella, Milone & LaSaracina LLP
Glastonbury, Connecticut
March 15, 2016
59

ITEM 9B | OTHER INFORMATION

None.
PART III

ITEM 10 | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The Registrant’s definitive proxy statement (“Proxy Statement”) for the 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders which is incorporated herein by reference will be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after January 2, 2016.
The information concerning directors is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement under the captions “Item No. 1 – Election of Directors” and “Director Compensation in Fiscal 2015”.
The information concerning our executive officers is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement under the captions “Compensation Discussion and Analysis”, “Compensation Committee Report”, “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation”, “Executive Compensation”, “Stock Options”, “Options Exercised in Fiscal 2015”, “Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal 2015 Year-End”, and “Termination of Employment and Change in Control Arrangements”. The Registrant’s only Named Executive Officers are August M. Vlak, President and Chief Executive Officer, Angelo M. Labbadia, Vice President and Chief Operating Officer and John L. Sullivan III, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. The Company’s former Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Leonard F. Leganza retired effective December 31, 2015.
The information concerning our Audit Committee is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement under the captions “Audit Committee Financial Expert”, “Report of the Audit Committee” and “The Board of Directors and Committees”. The Audit Committee Charter is also available on the Company’s website at http://www.easterncompany.com by clicking on Corporate Governance.
The information concerning compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance”.
The Company’s Board of Directors has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer and the Company’s other financial professionals. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on the Company’s website at http://www.easterncompany.com by clicking on Corporate Governance.

ITEM 11 | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information concerning director and executive compensation is incorporated herein by reference to portions of the Company’s Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after January 2, 2016, under the captions “Director Compensation in Fiscal 2015”, “Compensation Discussion and Analysis”, “Compensation Committee Report”, “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation”, “Executive Compensation”, “Stock Options”, “Options Exercised in Fiscal 2015”, “Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal 2015 Year-End”, “Termination of Employment and Change in Control Arrangements”, and “Risk Assessment of Compensation Policies and Practices”. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors operates under the Compensation Committee Charter, which can be found on the Company’s website at http://www.easterncompany.com by clicking on Corporate Governance.
60

ITEM 12 | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management:

(a) | Information concerning security ownership of certain beneficial owners is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after January 2, 2016, under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Shareholders”.

(b) | Information concerning security ownership of management is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after January 2, 2016, under the captions “Item No. 1 – Election of Directors”, “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Shareholders”, “Executive Compensation”, “Stock Options”, “Options Exercised in Fiscal 2015”, and “Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal 2015 Year-End”. See also the equity compensation plan information in Item 5 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(c) | Changes in Control

None.

ITEM 13 | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Information regarding certain relationships and related transactions is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after January 2, 2016 under the caption “Policies and Procedures Concerning Related Persons Transactions”.
Information regarding director independence is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after January 2, 2016 under the captions “Item No.1 – Election of Directors” and “The Board of Directors and Committees”.

ITEM 14 | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

Information concerning principal accountant fees and services is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after January 2, 2016 under the caption “Item No. 3 – Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm”.
PART IV

ITEM 15 | EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE

(a) Documents filed as part of this report:

(1) | Financial statements

Consolidated Balance Sheets – January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015 28.

| Consolidated Statements of Income — Fiscal years ended January 2, 2016,

January 3, 2015 and December 28, 2013 30.

| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Fiscal years ended

January 2, 2016, January 3, 2015 and December 28, 2013 30.

| Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity — Fiscal years ended

January 2, 2016, January 3, 2015 and December 28, 2013 31.

| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—Fiscal years ended January 2, 2016,

January 3, 2015 and December 28, 2013 32.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 33.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 57.
61

(2) Financial Statement Schedule
Schedule II — Valuation and qualifying accounts 64.
Schedules other than that listed above have been omitted because the required information is contained in the financial statements and notes thereto, or because such schedules are not required or applicable.
(3) Exhibits
Exhibits are as set forth in the “Exhibit Index” which appears on pages 66 through 67.

| (b) | Exhibits Required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K

| Exhibits are as set forth in the “Exhibit Index” which appears on pages 66 through 67. Also refer to the following Form 8-K’s filed by the Company.

Form 8-K filed on March 20, 2015 setting forth the adoption of an amendment to the bylaws of the Company is incorporated herein by reference.
Form 8-K filed on March 30, 2015 setting forth the press release announcing that the Company had engaged Well Fargo Securities as its investment advisor is incorporated herein by reference.
Form 8-K filed on April 13, 2015 setting forth the Company’s release of a letter from its President, Leonard F. Leganza, to its shareholders as part of the Company’s Annual Report is incorporated herein by reference.
Form 8-K filed on April 29, 2015 setting forth the press release reporting the Company’s earnings for the quarter ended April 4, 2015 is incorporated herein by reference.
Form 8-K filed on May 1, 2015 setting forth the press release announcing the appointment of Angelo M. Labbadia as its Chief Operating Officer effective April 29, 2015 is incorporated herein by reference.
Form 8-K filed on May 26, 2015 setting forth the results of the vote at the annual meeting of shareholders of the Company which was held on May 20, 2015 is incorporated herein by reference.
Form 8-K filed on May 29, 2015 setting forth the press release announcing that the Company will not be adding a sixth director to its Board of Directors is incorporated hereby by reference.
Form 8-K filed on July 17, 2015 setting forth a Stipulation and Order of Dismissal with regards to a class action lawsuit is incorporated herein by reference.
Form 8-K filed on July 29, 2015 setting forth the press release reporting the Company’s earnings for the quarter ended July 4, 2015 is incorporated herein by reference.
Form 8-K filed on July 30, 2015 setting forth the press release announcing that the Company had terminated its agreement with Well Fargo Securities as its financial advisor is incorporated herein by reference.
Form 8-K filed on August 7, 2015 setting forth the termination of the Company’s Rights Agreement is incorporated herein by reference.
Form 8-K filed on October 28, 2015 setting forth the press release reporting the Company’s earnings for the quarter ended October 3, 2015 is incorporated herein by reference.
Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2015 setting forth the press release reporting the retirement of Leonard F. Leganza as the Company’s Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer effective December 31, 2015; the appointment of James M. Mitarotonda as Chairman of the Board of Directors; and the appointment of August M. Vlak as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company is incorporated herein by reference.
62

Form 8-K filed on January 13, 2016 setting forth the press release reporting the Company has approved amendments to Certificate of Incorporation and the By-laws of the Company with regard to the elimination of the phased in declassification of the Board of Directors and the election of directors by a majority vote rather than a plurality vote of the Company is incorporated herein by reference.
Form 8-K filed on February 12, 2016 setting forth the press release reporting the Company’s earnings for the quarter and fiscal year ended January 2, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference.
Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2016 setting forth the press release announcing that the Board of Directors has voted to increase the size of the Board to from five to six is incorporated herein by reference.
Form 8K filed on March 14, 2016 setting forth the 2016 Executive Incentive Program is incorporated herein by reference.

| (c) | None.

63

The Eastern Company and Subsidiaries
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying accounts

COL. A | COL. B | COL. C | COL. D | COL. E
|  | ADDITIONS |  |
Description | Balance at Beginning of Period | (1) Charged to Costs and Expenses | (2) Charged to Other Accounts-Describe | Deductions – Describe | Balance at End of Period
Fiscal year ended January 2, 2016: Deducted from asset accounts: Allowance for doubtful accounts | $414,000 | $ 52,144 |  | $ 16,144 (a) | $450,000
Fiscal year ended January 3, 2015: Deducted from asset accounts: Allowance for doubtful accounts | $410,000 | $ 71,927 |  | $ 67,927 (a) | $414,000
Fiscal year ended December 28, 2013: Deducted from asset accounts: Allowance for doubtful accounts | $487,000 | $106,485 |  | $183,485 (a) | $410,000

(a) Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries.
64

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: March 15, 2016 | THE EASTERN COMPANY
| By /s/ John L. Sullivan III John L. Sullivan III Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

/s/ August M. Vlak |  | March 15, 2016
August M. Vlak President and Chief Executive Officer |  |
/s/ John L. Sullivan III |  | March 15, 2016
John L. Sullivan III Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |  |
/s/ Angelo M. Labbadia |  | March 15, 2016
Angelo M. Labbadia Vice President and Chief Operating Officer |  |
/s/ James A. Mitarotonda |  | March 15, 2016
James A. Mitarotonda Chairman of the Board |  |
/s/ John W. Everets |  | March 15, 2016
John W. Everets Director |  |
/s/ Charles W. Henry |  | March 15, 2016
Charles W. Henry Director |  |
/s/ Leonard F. Leganza |  | March 15, 2016
Leonard F. Leganza Director |  |
/s/ Michael A. McManus |  | March 15, 2016
Michael A. McManus Director |  |

65

EXHIBIT INDEX

| (3) | Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated August 14, 1991 is incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 1991 and the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 13, 1991. Amended and restated bylaws dated July 29, 1996 are attached to the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed on March 13, 2015.

| (10) | (a) | The Eastern Company Directors Fee Program effective as of October 1, 1996 incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form S-8 filed on February 7, 1997, as amended by Amendment No.1 and Amendment No. 2 are incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed on March 29, 2000 and Amendment No. 3 is incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed on March 22, 2004.

| (b) | Supplemental Retirement Plan dated September 9, 1998 with Leonard F. Leganza is incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 2, 1999, as amended by amendment incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 14, 2007.

| (c) | The Eastern Company 2010 Executive Stock Incentive Plan effective April 28, 2010 is incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form S-8 filed on September 2, 2010.

| (d) | Employment Agreement dated December 18, 2013 with Leonard F. Leganza is incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 19, 2013, as amended by amendment incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 23, 2014.

| (e) | The change in control agreement between the Company and John L. Sullivan III is incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 3, 2015.

| (f) | The change in control agreement between the Company and Angelo M. Labbadia is attached hereto on page 72.

| (g) | Consulting agreement between the Company and Mr. Leonard F. Leganza dated February 5, 2016 is attached hereto on page 85.

| (14) | The Eastern Company Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is incorporated by reference. The Eastern Company Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available free of charge on the Company’s Internet website at http://www.easterncompany.com under the section labeled “Corporate Governance”.

| (21) | List of subsidiaries as follows:

| Eberhard Hardware Mfg. Ltd., a private corporation organized under the laws of the Province of Ontario, Canada.

| Canadian Commercial Vehicles Corporation, a private corporation organized under the laws of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada.

| Eastern Industrial Ltd., a private corporation organized under the laws of the Peoples Republic of China.

| Dongguan Reeworld Security Products Ltd., a private corporation organized under the laws of the Peoples Republic of China.

| World Lock Co. Ltd., a private corporation organized under the laws of Taiwan (The Republic of China).

| Sesamee Mexicana, Subsidiary, a private corporation organized under the laws of Mexico.

| World Security Industries Co. Ltd., a private corporation organized under the laws of Hong Kong.

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| (23) | Consents of independent registered public accounting firm attached hereto on page 87.

| (31) | Certifications required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

| (32) | Certifications pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 USC 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

| (101) | The following materials from The Eastern Company Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 2, 2016, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income for the fiscal years ended January 2, 2016, January 3, 2015 and December 28, 2013, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the fiscal years ended January 2, 2016, January 3, 2015, and December 28, 2013, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended January 2, 2016, January 3, 2015, and December 28, 2013, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended January 2, 2016, January 3, 2015, and December 28, 2013, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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