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ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Jan. 02, 2021
ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
3. ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 3. ACCOUNTING POLICIES Fiscal Year The Company’s year ends on the Saturday nearest to December 31. Based on this policy, fiscal year 2020 was comprised of 53 weeks and fiscal 2019 included 52 weeks. References in these Notes to the consolidated financial statements to “2020” or “fiscal year 2020” mean the fiscal year ended January 2, 2021, and references to “2019” or “fiscal year 2019” mean the fiscal year ended December 28, 2019. References to the “fourth quarter of 2020” or the “fourth fiscal quarter of 2020” mean the thirteen-week period from October 4, 2020 to January 2, 2021, and references to the “fourth quarter of 2019” or the “fourth fiscal quarter of 2019” mean the thirteen-week period from September 29, 2019 to December 28, 2019. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned. All intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. Reclassification Product development expense is not necessarily a cost of product sold. Rather, these expenses are related to product development. The reclassification of these expenses does not affect the net income reported. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations. An adjustment has been made to the Consolidated Balance Sheet for fiscal year ended December 28, 2019 to reclassify customer funded projects from fixed assets to prepaid expenses and other current assets. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to product returns, bad debts, carrying value of inventories, intangible and other long-lived assets, income taxes, pensions and other postretirement benefits. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Foreign Currency For foreign operations asset and liability accounts are translated with an exchange rate at the respective balance sheet dates; income statement accounts are translated at the average exchange rate for the years. Resulting translation adjustments are made directly to a separate component of shareholders’ equity – “Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) – Foreign currency translation”. Foreign currency exchange transaction gains and losses are not material in any year. Cash Equivalents Highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. The Company has deposits that exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) up to $250,000, but the Company does not consider this a significant concentration of credit risk based on the strength of the financial institution. Approximately 38% of available cash is located outside of the United States in our foreign subsidiaries. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are stated at their net realizable value. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The Company reviews the collectability of its receivables on an ongoing basis considering a combination of factors. The Company reviews potential problems, such as past due accounts, a bankruptcy filing or deterioration in the customer’s financial condition, to ensure the Company is adequately accrued for potential loss. Accounts are considered past due based on when payment was originally due. If a customer’s situation changes, such as a bankruptcy or change in creditworthiness, or there is a change in the current economic climate, the Company may modify its estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company will write off accounts receivable after reasonable collection efforts have been made and the accounts are deemed uncollectible. Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method in the U.S. ($27.9 million for U.S. inventories at January 2, 2021, excluding Big 3 Precision and Velvac) and by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method for inventories outside the U.S. ($5.8 million for inventories outside the U.S. at January 2, 2021) and for Big 3 Precision and Velvac. Cost exceeds the LIFO carrying value by approximately $6.8 million at January 2, 2021 and $6.7 million at December 28, 2019. There was no material LIFO quantity liquidation in 2020 or 2019. In addition, as of the balance sheet dates, the Company has recorded reserves for excess/obsolete inventory. Property, Plant and Equipment and Related Depreciation Property, plant and equipment (including equipment under capital lease) are stated at cost. Depreciation expense ($4,843,134 in 2020, $4,722,758 in 2019) is computed generally using the straight-line method based on the following estimated useful lives of the assets: Buildings - 10 to 39.5 years; Machinery and equipment - 3 to 10 years. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets In accordance with ASC 360-10, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, the Company reviews its long-lived assets and certain intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the that carrying amount may not be recoverable. In such an event, the carrying value of long-lived assets is reviewed by management to determine if the value may be impaired. If this review indicates that the carrying amount will not be recoverable, as determined based on the estimated expected future cash flows attributable to the asset over the remaining amortization period, management will reduce the carrying amount to recognize the impairment and recognize an impairment loss. The measurement of the impairment loss to be recognized is to be based on the difference between the fair value and the carrying amount of the asset. Fair value is defined as the amount of which the asset could be bought or sold in a current transaction between willing parties. Where quoted market prices in active markets are not available, management would estimate fair value based on the best information available in the circumstances such as the price of similar assets, a discounted cash flow analysis or other techniques. No impairment losses were recognized for the period ended January 2, 2021 and for the period December 28, 2019. Goodwill The Company tests its reporting units for impairment annually in December, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Such events and circumstances could include, among other things, increased competition or unexpected loss of market share, significant adverse changes in the markets in which the Company operates, or unexpected business disruptions. The Company tests reporting units for impairment by comparing the estimated fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, the Company records an impairment loss based on the difference between fair value and carrying amount not to exceed the associated carrying amount of goodwill. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. The values assigned to the key assumptions represent management’s assessment of future trends in the relevant industry and have been based on historical data from both external and internal sources. In the second quarter of 2020, management determined that the estimated fair value of Greenwald Industries was likely below its carrying amount. The factors that led to this determination included additional competition, industry movement away from legacy products and intense competition in new mobile payment apps. This fundamental shift in lower cost mobile payment systems away from the higher cost electronic smart card payment systems resulted in our belief that the carrying value of Greenwald exceeded its fair value. As a result, an independent valuation was conducted which estimated that the carrying value exceeded the fair value by approximately $4.0 million. Management recognized this impairment charge in the second quarter. In December, 2020 the Company announced that the Eberhard Hardware Manufacturing Ltd. subsidiary in Ontario, Canada would be closed and all tangible assets would be moved to Eberhard Manufacturing division in Cleveland, Ohio. As a result, approximately $1.0 million of goodwill associated with Eberhard Hardware Manufacturing Ltd. was impaired and written off the books in December 2020. Management recognized this impairment charge in the fourth quarter of 2020. The Company performed qualitative assessments of goodwill as of the end of fiscal 2019 and determined it was more likely than not that no impairment existed at the end of 2019. The Company will perform annual qualitative assessments in subsequent years as of the end of each fiscal year. Additionally, the Company will perform interim analysis whenever conditions warrant. Intangible Assets Patents are recorded at cost and are amortized using the straight-line method over the lives of the patents. Technology and licenses are recorded at cost and are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from 5 to 17 years. Generally, non-compete agreements and customer relationships are amortized using the straight-line method over a period of 5 years. Amortization expense in 2020 and 2019 was $3,634,378 and $1,726,539, respectively. In the event that facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the intangible assets, including definite life intangible assets, may be impaired, an evaluation is performed to determine if a write-down is required. No impairment losses were recognized for the period ended January 2, 2021 and for the period December 28, 2019. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The company utilizes a fair value hierarchy, which maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The fair value hierarchy has three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 | Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
Level 2 | Quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3 | Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.
The Company’s financial instruments are primarily investments in pension assets, see Note 10, Retirement Benefit Plans, and consists of an interest rate swap. The Company’s interest rate swap is not an exchange-traded instrument. However, it is valued based on observable inputs for similar liabilities and accordingly is classified as Level 2. The amount of the interest rate swap is included in other accrued liabilities. The carrying amounts of other financial instruments (cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and debt) as of January 2, 2021 and December 28, 2019, approximate fair value based on the expected future cash flows of the related instruments. Leases The Company presents right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months, in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases. The Company elected to account for non-lease components as part of the lease component to which they relate. Lease accounting involves significant judgements, including making estimates related to the lease term, lease payments, and discount rate. The Company has operating leases for buildings, warehouse and office equipment. The Company determines whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease at contract inception. An arrangement contains a lease if the Company has the right to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the economic benefits of an identified asset. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Most leases include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. The Company’s option to extend certain leases ranges from 1–119 months. All options to extend, when it is reasonably certain the option will be exercised, have been included in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability. Currently, the Company has 35 operating leases and three finance leases with a lease liability of $12.8 million as of January 2, 2021. The finance lease arrangements are immaterial. The basis, terms and conditions of the leases are determined by the individual agreements. The leases do not contain residual value guarantees, restrictions, or covenants that could cause the Company to incur additional financial obligations. We rent or sublease a part of one real estate property to a third party. There are no related party transactions. There are no leases that have not yet commenced that could create significant rights and obligations for the Company. Total lease expense for each of the next five fiscal years is estimated to be as follows: 2021 - $2,923,761; 2022 - $2,262,399; 2023 - $1,872,491; 2024 - $1,481,832; 2025 - $844,884 and $3,421,563 thereafter. The weighted average remaining lease term is 6.8 years. The interest rate used was 3.5% - 5.0%. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606 when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company generates wholesale revenues primarily from the sale of products to original equipment manufacturers and distributers in the United States. The Company recognizes revenue upon shipment or transfer of title to the customer as that is when the customer obtains control of the promised goods. The Company typically extends credit terms to its customers based on their creditworthiness and generally does not receive advance payments. As such, the Company records accounts receivable at the time of shipment, when the Company’s right to the consideration becomes unconditional. Accounts receivable from the Company’s customers are typically due within 30 days of invoicing. An allowance for doubtful accounts is provided based on a periodic analysis of individual account balances, including an evaluation of days outstanding, payment history, recent payment trends and the Company’s assessment of the customer’s credit worthiness. As of January 2, 2021 and December 28, 2019, the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts total was $545,000 and $556,000, respectively. As of January 2, 2021, and December 28, 2019, the Company’s bad debt expense was $253,000 and $64,000 respectively. The Company considers several factors in determining that control transfers to the customer upon shipment of products. These factors include that legal title transfers to the customer, the Company has a present right to payment, and the customer has assumed the risk and rewards of ownership at the time of shipment. Big 3 Mold may employ the efforts expended method for the percentage of completion for revenue recognition for certain transactions. The efforts expended method calculates the proportion of effort expended to date in comparison to the total effort expected to be expended for the contract. The amount of revenue recognized employing the percentage of completion method was $505,000 for the year ended January 2, 2021 and $576,000 for the year ended December 28, 2019. Based on historical experience, the Company does not accrue a reserve for product returns. For the years ended January 2, 2021 and December 28, 2019, the Company recorded sales returns of $459,000 and $613,000, respectively, as a reduction of revenue. Greenwald Industries generates subscription services revenue from access provided to customers to the division’s specific online databases. For the years ended January 2, 2021 and December 28, 2019, Greenwald Industries subscription services revenue was $441,000 and $567,000, respectively. Sales and similar taxes that are imposed on the Company’s sales and collected from the customer are excluded from revenues. Costs for shipping and handling activities, including those activities that occur subsequent to transfer of control to the customer, are recorded as cost of sales and are expensed as incurred. For the years ended January 2, 2021 and December 28, 2019, the Company recorded no revenues related to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods. The Company has elected to use the practical expedient to exclude disclosure of transaction prices allocated to remaining performance obligations, and when the Company expects to recognize such revenue, for all periods prior to the date of initial application of the standard. See Note 12 regarding the Company’s revenue disaggregated by reporting segment, intersegment sales by reporting segment and geography. Cost of Goods Sold Cost of goods sold reflects the cost of purchasing, manufacturing and preparing a product for sale. These costs generally represent the expenses to acquire or manufacture products for sale (including an allocation of depreciation and amortization) and are primarily comprised of direct materials, direct labor, and overhead, which includes indirect labor, facility and equipment costs, inbound freight, receiving, inspection, purchasing, warehousing and any other costs related to the purchasing, manufacturing or preparation of a product for sale. Shipping and Handling Costs Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of goods sold. Product Development Costs Product development costs, charged to expense as incurred, were $3,131,035 in 2020 and $6,024,567 in 2019. Selling and Administrative Expenses Selling and administrative expenses include all operating costs of the Company that are not directly related to the cost of purchasing, manufacturing and preparing a product for sale. These expenses generally represent administrative expenses for support functions and related overhead. Advertising Costs The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising costs were $303,060 in 2020 and $462,911 in 2019. Stock Based Compensation The Company accounts for its stock based awards in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification subtopic 718-10, Compensation (“ASC 718-10”), which requires a fair value measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to its employees and Directors, including employee stock options and restricted stock awards. The Company estimates the fair value of granted stock options using the Black-Scholes valuation model. This model requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions including, without limitation, estimates regarding the length of time an employee will retain vested stock options before exercising them, the estimated volatility of the Company’s common stock price and the number of options that will be forfeited prior to vesting. The fair value is then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally the vesting period. Changes in these estimates and assumptions can materially affect the determination of the fair value of stock-based compensation and consequently, the related amount recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Under the terms of the Director’s Fee Program, the directors receive their Director’s fees in common shares of the Company. Income Taxes The Company and its U.S. subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. On December, 22, 2017, SAB 118 was issued due to the complexities involved in accounting for the enacted Tax Act. SAB 118 requires the company to include in its financial statements a reasonable estimate of the impact of the Tax Act on earnings to the extent such estimate has been determined. Accordingly, the U.S. provision for income tax for 2017 was based on the reasonable estimate guidance provided by SAB 118. The company has assessed the impact from the Tax Act and recorded the impact in the fourth quarter of 2018. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions pursuant to the provisions of FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740 which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in a company’s financial statements. These provisions detail how companies should recognize, measure, present and disclose uncertain tax positions that have or are expected to be taken. As such, the financial statements will reflect expected future tax consequences of uncertain tax positions presuming the taxing authorities’ full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. See Note 8, Income Taxes.

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