The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, calculating the standalone selling price for revenue recognition, the valuation of inventory, and the valuation of stock-based awards. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, known trends and other market-specific and relevant factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates when there are changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions that management believes to be of high credit quality, and does not believe that it is subject to unusual credit risk beyond the credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships.

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents that are readily convertible to cash are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company held cash of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, in banks located outside of the United States.

As of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company was required to maintain guaranteed investment certificates of $0.4 million with maturities of three months to one year that are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. The guaranteed investment certificates are held for the benefit of the landlord in connection with operating leases which have remaining terms of greater than one year and are classified as restricted cash (non-current) on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Accounts receivable are customer obligations that are unconditional. Accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts for expected credit losses, which represents an estimate of amounts that may not be collectible. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and, if necessary, provides an allowance for doubtful accounts and expected credit losses. A provision to the allowance for doubtful accounts for expected credit losses is recorded based on factors including the length of time the receivables are past due, the current business environment, the geographic market, and the Company’s historical experience. Provisions to the allowance for doubtful accounts for expected credit losses are recorded to general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company writes off accounts receivable against the allowance when it determines a balance is uncollectible and no longer actively pursues collection of the receivable. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to customers. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the allowance for doubtful accounts for expected credit losses was zero.

The Company accounts for software development costs for internal-use software under the provisions of ASC 350-40, “Internal-Use Software” (“ASC 350”). Accordingly, certain costs to develop internal-use computer software are capitalized, provided these costs are expected to be recoverable. There was $1.6 million of software development costs related to the Company's enterprise resource planning ("ERP") system capitalized in other long-term assets at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, net of accumulated amortization of $1.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively. These capitalized costs are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the initial subscription term of five years. For each of the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, there was $0.1 million of amortization expense related to capitalized software development costs recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Certain assets and liabilities of the Company are carried at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

The Company’s cash equivalents and short-term investments are carried at fair value, determined according to the fair value hierarchy described above (see Note 3). The carrying values of the Company’s accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities.

The Company offers a one-year limited assurance warranty on System sales, which is included in the selling price. The accrual for these warranty obligations is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents a summary of changes in the amount reserved for warranty cost (in thousands):

The Company determined its operating segment after considering the Company’s organizational structure and the information regularly reviewed and evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company has determined that its CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews the financial information on a consolidated basis, specifically net loss on the consolidated statement of operations, for purposes of evaluating financial performance and allocating resources. The CODM reviews all functional expenses (cost of revenues, sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative) at the consolidated level to manage the Company's operations. Other segment items included in consolidated net loss are interest income, other expense, and provision for income taxes. These line items are reflected in the consolidated statement of operations. The chief operating decision maker considers budget-to-actual variances on a monthly basis for the profit measure when making decisions about allocating capital and personnel to the segment. On the basis of these factors, the Company determined that it operates and manages its business as one operating segment, that develops, manufactures, markets and sells Systems and related LIMS connection software, consumables and services; and accordingly has one reportable segment for financial reporting purposes. The measure of the segment's assets is reported on the balance sheet as total consolidated assets. Substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets are held in the United States.

The Company does not disclose the value of remaining performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original contract term of one year or less, (ii) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice when that amount corresponds directly with the value of services performed, and (iii) variable consideration allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or to a wholly unsatisfied distinct service that forms part of a single performance obligation. The Company does not have material remaining performance obligations associated with contracts with terms greater than one year.

Contract assets arise from customer arrangements when revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer and the Company’s right to payment is conditional and not only subject to the passage of time. The Company had less than $0.1 million in contract assets as of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 included in prepaid expenses and other current assets.

Contract liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which it has received consideration (or the amount is due) from the customer. The Company has a contract liability related to service revenue, which consists of amounts that have been invoiced but that have not been recognized as revenue. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue within 12 months of the balance sheet date are classified as current deferred revenue and amounts expected to be recognized as revenue beyond 12 months of the balance sheet date are classified as non-current deferred revenue. The Company did not record any non-current deferred revenue as of March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024. Deferred revenue was $6.1 million and $6.6 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Revenue recognized during each of the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 that was included in deferred revenue at the prior period-end was $2.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

The Company disaggregates revenue based on the recurring and non-recurring nature of the underlying sale. Recurring revenue includes sales of consumables and service contracts. The Company considers these to be recurring revenues because customers typically place purchase orders on a periodic basis as they use their Growth Direct system(s) over time. These arrangements typically contain a single performance obligation and thus the entire consideration to which the Company is entitled is allocated entirely to that performance obligation. Non-recurring revenue includes sales of systems, LIMS connection software, validation services, and field services, and typically contains multiple performance obligations. The Company considers these to be non-recurring revenues because customers typically place single purchase orders for a bundle of products and services on a one-time or infrequent basis. For these arrangements, significant judgment is applied in identifying the distinct performance obligations, determination of the transaction price, transaction price allocation, and determination of standalone selling price for each of the distinct performance obligations.

The Company measures all stock-based awards granted to employees, officers and directors based on their fair value on the date of the grant and recognizes compensation expense for those awards over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. The Company issues stock-based awards with (i) service-based vesting conditions only and (ii) stock-based awards with both service-based and Company performance vesting

The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups ("JOBS") Act of 2012 and has elected not to “opt out” of the extended transition related to complying with new or revised accounting standards, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public and nonpublic companies, the Company will adopt the newer revised standard at the time nonpublic companies adopt the new or revised standard and will do so until such time that the Company either (i) irrevocably elects to “opt out” of such extended transition period or (ii) no longer qualifies as an emerging growth company. The Company may choose to early adopt any new or revised accounting standards whenever such early adoption is permitted for nonpublic companies.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The standard requires the Company to provide further disaggregated income tax disclosures for specific categories on the effective tax rate reconciliation, as well as additional information about federal, state/local and foreign income taxes. The standard also requires the Company to annually disclose its income taxes paid (net of refunds received), disaggregated by jurisdiction. The standard is effective on January 1, 2025 for fiscal year reporting. The standard is to be applied on a prospective basis, although optional retrospective application is permitted. The company is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, titled "Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses." This update requires that public businesses provide more detailed disclosures about specific natural expense categories within their footnotes. The primary objective is to enhance transparency and provide investors with a clearer understanding of an entity's cost structure. The amendments in this update are effective for both annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2026. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.