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Other Expenses and Adjustments
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Analysis of income and expense [abstract]  
Other Expenses and Adjustments
Other Expenses and Adjustments

We present our expenses based on the function of each expense and therefore include realized foreign exchange gains and losses, unrealized non-cash foreign exchange gains and losses and non-cash stock based compensation associated with research and development activity as a component of research and development expenses and amortization of property and equipment and stock based compensation associated with operating activities as a component of operating expenses.

2017
$
2016
$
2015
$
Included in research and development expenses:






Realized foreign exchange (gain) loss
(120,794
)
104,851

238,709

Unrealized non-cash foreign exchange loss (gain)
55,538

67,109

(816,319
)
Non-cash share based compensation
230,141

233,919

257,016








Included in operating expenses






Amortization of property and equipment
90,768

162,233

180,411

Non-cash share based compensation
348,562

172,159

172,521

Office minimum lease payments
231,509

148,600

196,601