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Share Based Payments (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Disclosure of share-based payment arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of stock options and weighted average exercise prices of share options
We have issued stock options to acquire common stock through our stock option plan of which the following are outstanding at December 31:
 
2019
2018
2017
 
Stock Options
Weighted Average Exercise Price
$
Stock Options
Weighted Average Exercise Price
$
Stock Options
Weighted Average Exercise Price
$
Outstanding, beginning of the year
1,249,361

8.73
647,156

13.20
912,995

17.42
Granted during the year
1,020,000

1.42
750,467

4.97
42,625

4.60
Forfeited during the year
(12,839
)
11.35
(105,338
)
11.67
(211,847
)
32.80
Expired during the year
(9,575
)
29.07
(1,122
)
13.78
(12,302
)
21.13
Exercised during the year
—

—
(41,802
)
2.96
(84,315
)
4.07
Outstanding, end of the
  year
2,246,947

5.31
1,249,361

8.73
647,156

13.20
Options exercisable, end of the year
1,327,845

7.22
777,245

11.04
573,984

14.36
Schedule of stock options outstanding and exercisable by range of exercise price
The following table summarizes information about the stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2019:
Range of Exercise Prices
Number Outstanding
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise Price
$
Number Exercisable
Weighted Average Exercise Price
$
$0.54 - $1.42
100,000

4.81
0.96
66,667

0.75
$1.43 - $1.79
900,000

4.95
1.45
300,009

1.45
$1.80 - $3.39
376,411

5.11
2.73
284,412

2.72
$3.40 - $7.13
395,111

4.88
3.88
322,880

3.95
$7.14 - $63.84
475,425

2.53
16.74
353,877

19.95
 
2,246,947

4.45
5.31
1,327,845

7.22
Schedule of weighted average remaining contractual life and outstanding stock options by exercise price
The following table summarizes our outstanding equity warrants at December 31, 2019:
Exercise Price
Outstanding, Beginning of the Year
Outstanding, End of the Year(1)
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)
$
9.025

16,443,500

16,443,500

2.42

(1)     Exercisable into 1,730,894 common shares.
The following table summarizes information about the stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2019:
Range of Exercise Prices
Number Outstanding
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise Price
$
Number Exercisable
Weighted Average Exercise Price
$
$0.54 - $1.42
100,000

4.81
0.96
66,667

0.75
$1.43 - $1.79
900,000

4.95
1.45
300,009

1.45
$1.80 - $3.39
376,411

5.11
2.73
284,412

2.72
$3.40 - $7.13
395,111

4.88
3.88
322,880

3.95
$7.14 - $63.84
475,425

2.53
16.74
353,877

19.95
 
2,246,947

4.45
5.31
1,327,845

7.22
Disclosure weighted average assumptions and fair value of options
The estimated fair value of stock options issued during the year was determined using the following weighted average assumptions:
 
2019
2018
2017
Risk-free interest rate
1.62%
2.02%
1.18%
Expected hold period to exercise
3.0 years
3.0 years
3.0 years
Expected share price volatility
97.90%
81.15%
90.73%
Expected forfeiture rate
3.67%
3.67%
3.67%
Expected dividend yield
Nil
Nil
Nil
Weighted average fair value of options
$0.87
$2.67
$2.65
Schedule of number of other equity instruments
The following RSUs are outstanding at December 31:
 
2019
2018
2017
Outstanding, beginning of the year
260,755

190,407

139,237

Granted during the year
270,098

102,855

51,170

Forfeited during the year
—

(4,210
)
—

Vested during the year
(321,196
)
(28,297
)
—

Outstanding, end of the year
209,657

260,755

190,407

(1)The weighted average fair value of the RSUs granted was $0.80 in 2019 (2018 - $3.35 ; 2017 - $5.96).
The following PSUs are outstanding at December 31:
 
2019
2018
2017
Outstanding, beginning of the year
63,156

94,734

88,419

Granted during the year
—

—

6,315

Forfeited during the year
—

(31,578
)
—

Vested during the year
(2,105
)
—

—

Outstanding, end of the year
61,051

63,156

94,734

(1)     The weighted average fair value of the PSUs granted was nil in 2019 (2018 - nil; 2017 - $3.33).