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Share-Based Compensation (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure of share-based payment arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of stock options and weighted average exercise prices of share options
We have granted stock options to acquire common stock through our stock option plan of which the following are outstanding at December 31:
202120202019
Stock OptionsWeighted Average Exercise Price
$		Stock OptionsWeighted Average Exercise Price
$		Stock OptionsWeighted Average Exercise Price
$
Outstanding, beginning of year3,764,055 4.082,246,947 5.311,249,361 8.73
Granted 1,832,500 2.991,817,500 3.191,020,000 1.42
Forfeited (110,612)6.21(141,418)3.84(12,839)11.35
Expired(28,364)37.63(25,520)62.49(9,575)29.07
Exercised(123,159)1.94(133,454)1.81— —
Outstanding, end of year5,334,420 3.533,764,055 4.082,246,947 5.31
Exercisable, end of year3,165,679 3.822,164,551 4.841,327,845 7.22
Schedule of stock options outstanding and exercisable by range of exercise price
The following table summarizes information about the stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2021:
Range of Exercise PricesNumber OutstandingWeighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)Weighted Average Exercise Price
$		Number ExercisableWeighted Average Exercise Price
$
$0.54 - $1.79
718,331 2.011.39718,331 1.39
$1.80 - $3.01
1,026,573 3.852.36531,173 2.47
$3.02 - $3.90
2,982,382 3.363.291,329,041 3.24
$3.91 - $7.41
478,516 1.726.09458,516 6.13
$7.42 - $40.00
128,618 1.5520.80128,618 20.80
5,334,420 3.083.533,165,679 3.82
Schedule of weighted average remaining contractual life and outstanding stock options by exercise price
The following table summarizes our outstanding equity warrants:
Number of Warrants Outstanding(1)
Warrant
As at December 31, 201916,443,500 $3,617,570 
As at December 31, 202016,443,500 $3,617,570 
As at December 31, 202116,443,500 $3,617,570 
(1) Exercisable into 1,730,894 common shares.
The following table summarizes information about the stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2021:
Range of Exercise PricesNumber OutstandingWeighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)Weighted Average Exercise Price
$		Number ExercisableWeighted Average Exercise Price
$
$0.54 - $1.79
718,331 2.011.39718,331 1.39
$1.80 - $3.01
1,026,573 3.852.36531,173 2.47
$3.02 - $3.90
2,982,382 3.363.291,329,041 3.24
$3.91 - $7.41
478,516 1.726.09458,516 6.13
$7.42 - $40.00
128,618 1.5520.80128,618 20.80
5,334,420 3.083.533,165,679 3.82
Disclosure weighted average assumptions and fair value of options
The estimated fair value of stock options granted during the year was determined using the following weighted average assumptions:
202120202019
Risk-free interest rate0.66%0.34%1.62%
Expected hold period to exercise3.0 years3.0 years3.0 years
Expected share price volatility110.45%110.82%97.90%
Expected dividend yieldNilNilNil
Weighted average fair value of options$1.99$2.12$0.87
Schedule of number of other equity instruments The following RSUs are outstanding at December 31:
202120202019
Outstanding, beginning of year134,618 209,657 260,755 
Granted — 154,923 270,098 
Released(94,058)(229,962)(321,196)
Outstanding, end of year40,560 134,618 209,657 
(1) The weighted average fair value of the RSUs granted was nil in 2021 (2020 - $2.41 ; 2019 - $0.80).
The following PSUs are outstanding at December 31:
202120202019
Outstanding, beginning of year56,841 61,051 63,156 
Released(56,841)(4,210)(2,105)
Outstanding, end of year— 56,841 61,051