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Share-Based Compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Disclosure of share-based payment arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of stock options and weighted average exercise prices of share options
We have granted stock options to acquire common stock through our stock option plan. Our stock option activity for the years ended December 31 was as follows:
202220212020
Number of optionsWeighted Average Exercise Price
$
Number of optionsWeighted Average Exercise Price
$
Number of optionsWeighted Average Exercise Price
$
Outstanding, beginning of year5,334,420 3.533,764,055 4.082,246,947 5.31
Granted 1,005,000 2.041,832,500 2.991,817,500 3.19
Forfeited (62,962)3.83(110,612)6.21(141,418)3.84
Expired(304,940)10.80(28,364)37.63(25,520)62.49
Exercised(8,333)1.45(123,159)1.94(133,454)1.81
Outstanding, end of year5,963,185 2.915,334,420 3.533,764,055 4.08
Exercisable, end of year4,420,482 3.013,165,679 3.822,164,551 4.84
Schedule of stock options outstanding and exercisable by range of exercise price
The following table summarizes information about the stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2022:
Range of Exercise PricesNumber OutstandingWeighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)Weighted Average Exercise Price
$
Number ExercisableWeighted Average Exercise Price
$
$0.54 - $1.89
1,002,498 1.761.39799,998 1.40
$1.90 - $3.05
1,724,442 3.312.341,001,738 2.37
$3.06 - $3.29
1,532,500 1.953.171,532,500 3.17
$3.30 - $3.75
1,393,131 2.873.42775,632 3.43
$3.76 - $27.46
310,614 2.197.39310,614 7.39
5,963,185 2.542.914,420,482 3.01
Schedule of weighted average remaining contractual life and outstanding stock options by exercise price
The following table summarizes our outstanding equity warrants:
Number of Warrants OutstandingWarrant
As at December 31, 201916,445,000 $3,618 
As at December 31, 202016,443,500 $3,618 
As at December 31, 202116,443,500 $3,618 
Expired(16,443,500)(3,618)
As at December 31, 2022 $ 
The following table summarizes information about the stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2022:
Range of Exercise PricesNumber OutstandingWeighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)Weighted Average Exercise Price
$
Number ExercisableWeighted Average Exercise Price
$
$0.54 - $1.89
1,002,498 1.761.39799,998 1.40
$1.90 - $3.05
1,724,442 3.312.341,001,738 2.37
$3.06 - $3.29
1,532,500 1.953.171,532,500 3.17
$3.30 - $3.75
1,393,131 2.873.42775,632 3.43
$3.76 - $27.46
310,614 2.197.39310,614 7.39
5,963,185 2.542.914,420,482 3.01
Disclosure weighted average assumptions and fair value of options
The estimated fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31 were determined using the following weighted average assumptions:
202220212020
Risk-free interest rate3.35%0.66%0.34%
Expected life3.0 years3.0 years3.0 years
Expected share price volatility96.02%110.45%110.82%
Expected dividend yieldNilNilNil
Weighted average fair value of options$1.24$1.99$2.12
Schedule of number of other equity instruments
Our RSU activity for the years ended December 31 was as follows:
202220212020
Outstanding, beginning of year40,560 134,618 209,657 
Granted  — 154,923 
Released(40,560)(94,058)(229,962)
Outstanding, end of year 40,560 134,618 
(1) The weighted average fair value of the RSUs granted was nil in 2022 (2021 - nil; 2020 - $2.41).