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SEGMENTS
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
SEGMENTS As of September 30, 2020, we have two operating segments: Cardlytics Direct in the U.S. and U.K., as determined by the information that our Chief Executive Officer, who we consider our chief operating decision-maker, uses to make strategic goals and operating decisions. Our Cardlytics Direct operating segments in the U.S. and U.K. represent our proprietary native bank advertising channels and are aggregated into one reportable segment given their similar economic characteristics, nature of service, types of customers and method of distribution.Our chief operating decision maker allocates resources to, and evaluates the performance of, our operating segments based on revenue and adjusted contribution.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
FI Implementation Costs
Agreements with certain FI partners require us to fund the development of user interface enhancements, pay for certain implementation fees, or make milestone payments upon the deployment of our solution. Amounts paid to FI partners are included in deferred FI implementation costs on our condensed consolidated balance sheets the earlier of when paid or earned and are amortized over the remaining term of the related contractual arrangements. Amortization is included in FI Share and other third-party costs on our condensed consolidated statements of operations and is presented in amortization and impairment of deferred FI implementation costs on our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows. Certain of these agreements provide for future reductions in FI Share due to the FI partner. These reductions in FI Share are recorded as a reduction to deferred FI implementation costs and also result in a cumulative adjustment to accumulated amortization. The scheduled FI Share payment reductions were completed in December 2019.
During the three months ended September 30, 2020, one of our FI partners notified us of plans to end the use of a certain user interface enhancements prior to the end of our contractual arrangement with the FI partner. As a result, we recognized a write off of deferred FI implementation costs totaling $0.7 million in FI Share and other third-party costs on our consolidated statements of operations.
The following table summarizes changes in deferred FI implementation costs (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2019202020192020
Beginning balance$12,181 $6,384 $15,877 $8,383 
Recoveries through FI Share(1,157)— (3,469)— 
Amortization(789)(958)(2,173)(2,957)
Impairment— (683)— (683)
Ending balance$10,235 $4,743 $10,235 $4,743 
We have an FI Share commitment to a certain FI partner totaling $10.0 million over a 12-month period following the completion of certain milestones by the FI partner, which were not met as of September 30, 2020. Any expected shortfall penalty will be accrued during the 12-month period following the completion of the milestones.
Litigation
From time to time, we may become involved in legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business including, but not limited to, intellectual property infringement and collection matters. We make assumptions and estimates concerning the likelihood and amount of any potential loss relating to these matters using the latest information available. We record a liability for litigation if an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. If an unfavorable outcome is probable and a reasonable estimate of the loss is a range, we accrue the best estimate within the range. If no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, we accrue the minimum amount within the range. If an unfavorable outcome is probable but the amount of the loss cannot be reasonably estimated, we disclose the nature of the litigation and indicates that an estimate of the loss or range of loss cannot be made. If an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and the estimated loss is material, we disclose the nature and estimate of the possible loss of the litigation. We do not disclose information with respect to litigation where an unfavorable outcome is considered to be remote or where the estimated loss would not be material. Based on current expectations, such matters, both individually and in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, results of operations, business or financial condition.
Concentration Risk Disclosure
Concentrations of Risk
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. A majority of our cash and cash equivalents are held in fully FDIC–insured demand deposit accounts that distribute funds, and credit risk, over a vast number of financial institutions. Our remaining cash and cash equivalents are held with three financial institutions, which we believe are of high credit quality.
Customers
Our accounts receivable are diversified among a large number of marketers segregated by both geography and industry. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, our top five marketers accounted for 29% and 40% of our revenue, respectively, with one customer accounting for over 10% during each period. As of September 30, 2019 and 2020 our top five marketers accounted for 26% and 45% of our accounts receivable, respectively, with one marketer representing over 10% as of September 30, 2020.
FI Partners
Our business is substantially dependent on a limited number of FI partners. We require participation from our FI partners in Cardlytics Direct and access to their purchase data in order to offer our solutions to marketers and their agencies. We must have FI partners with a sufficient number of customers and levels of customer engagement to ensure that we have robust purchase data and marketing space to support a broad array of incentive programs for marketers. Our agreements with a substantial majority of our FI partners have terms of three to seven years but are generally terminable by the FI partner on 90 days or less prior notice. If an FI partner terminates its agreement with us, we would lose that FI as a source of purchase data and online banking customers.
During both the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, Bank of America, National Association (“Bank of America”) and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (“Chase”) combined to account for over 75% of the total FI Share we paid to all FIs, with each representing over 30%. No other FI partner accounted for over 10% of FI Share during these periods.