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OVERVIEW OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
OVERVIEW OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION OVERVIEW OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Cardlytics, Inc. (“we,” “our,” “us,” the “Company,” or “Cardlytics”) is a Delaware corporation and was formed on June 26, 2008. We operate an advertising platform within our own and our partners' digital channels, which includes online, mobile applications, email, and various real-time notifications (the "Cardlytics platform"). We also operate a customer data platform that utilizes point-of-sale data, including product-level purchase data, to enable marketers, in a privacy-protective manner, to perform analytics and targeted loyalty marketing and to measure the impact of their marketing (the "Bridg platform"). The partners for the Cardlytics platform are predominantly financial institutions ("FI partners") that provide us with access to their anonymized purchase data and digital banking customers. The partners for the Bridg platform are predominantly merchants that provide us with access to their point-of-sale data, including product-level purchase data. By applying advanced analytics to the purchase data we receive, we make it actionable, helping marketers reach potential buyers at scale and measure the true sales impact of their marketing spend. We have strong relationships with leading marketers across a variety of industries, including retail, restaurant, travel and entertainment, direct-to-consumer, and grocery and gas. Using our purchase intelligence, we present customers with offers to save money at a time when they are thinking of their finances.
We also operate through (1) Dosh Holdings LLC, a wholly owned and operated subsidiary in the United States, (2) HSP EPI Acquisition, LLC ("Entertainment"), a wholly owned and operated subsidiary in the United States, and (3) Cardlytics U.K. Limited, a wholly owned and operated subsidiary registered as a private limited company in England and Wales.
Unaudited Interim Results
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and information have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these financial statements contain all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The results for interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year due to the seasonality of our business, which has been historically impacted by higher consumer spending during the fourth quarter. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included on our Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Annual Report") for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
Acquisitions
On January 7, 2022, we purchased Entertainment for $13.0 million in equity at an agreed-upon price of $66.52 per share, subject to $1.1 million of fair value adjustments based on the acquisition close date, and $2.3 million in cash, subject to $0.4 million of adjustments, for an acquisition date fair value of $14.6 million. Refer to Note 3 - Business Combinations for further information.
Contingent consideration for the acquisition of Bridg
As part of our acquisition of Bridg, Inc. ("Bridg") and pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of April 12, 2021, as amended (the "Merger Agreement"), we agreed to make two earnout payments – the First Anniversary Payment Amount and the Second Anniversary Payment Amount – based on the First Anniversary ARR and the Second Anniversary ARR of Bridg, respectively. In June 2022, we calculated the First Anniversary ARR and the First Anniversary Payment Amount and provided the calculation to the Stockholder Representative. The Stockholder Representative objected to these calculations, and the dispute over these matters was then referred to an independent accountant, as contemplated by the relevant dispute resolution provision of the Merger Agreement.
On April 28, 2023, the independent accountant made its determination of the appropriate amount of the First Anniversary ARR, determining the First Anniversary ARR as determined by the independent accountant to be $23.2 million. Consequently, based on the First Anniversary ARR, we calculated the First Anniversary Payment to be $208.1 million.
Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, we were obligated to pay at least 30% of the First Anniversary Payment in cash, and could elect to pay the remainder of the First Anniversary Payment in cash or our common stock, based on a share price of $40.15 per share, or a combination thereof. In the event we chose to pay 30% of the First Anniversary Payment, as determined by the independent accountant, in cash and the remainder in common stock, we would have paid $65.3 million in cash and issued 3,556,717 shares of our common stock to complete the First Anniversary Payment, inclusive of brokerage fees and transaction bonuses and accounting for all true-ups and credits. The amount of cash and shares is different than previously reported in our Form 8-K dated May 1, 2023 and our Form 10-Q dated May 4, 2023 – in which we had calculated that $72.6 million in cash and 3,374,383 shares of common stock would be paid in the event we paid the First Anniversary Payment based on the independent accountant’s determination – due to subsequent discussions and agreements reached by the relevant parties related to the amount of the brokerage fees.
However, we believe that the independent accountant exceeded its authority with respect to its determination related to one specific contract at issue. As a result, we filed a verified complaint in the Delaware Court of Chancery in May 2023 seeking a declaratory judgment that the portion of the independent accountant's determination related to that one contract be stricken as null and void. Since the lawsuit is pending, we have not made the portion of the First Anniversary Payment related to the one specific contract at issue. After adjusting the First Anniversary ARR to not include the contract for which we believe the independent accountant exceeded its authority, we have determined the First Anniversary ARR to be $20.8 million. Consequently, based on the adjusted First Anniversary ARR, we calculated the First Anniversary Payment to be $160.1 million. Based on this calculation, and due to our decision to pay 30% of the First Anniversary Payment in cash and the remainder in common stock, we calculated that $50.1 million of cash and 2,740,418 shares of our common stock would be needed to complete the First Anniversary Payment of $160.1 million, inclusive of brokerage fees and transaction bonuses and accounting for all true-ups and credits. As of September 30, 2023, we have paid $50.1 million in cash and delivered 2,740,418 shares of our common stock related to the First Anniversary Payment, inclusive of brokerage fees and transaction bonuses and accounting for all true-ups and credits. Solely in connection with the disputed contract at issue in the Delaware court proceeding and included in our current contingent consideration and accrued expenses on our consolidated balance sheet, we are withholding $15.2 million and 816,299 shares of our common stock, inclusive of brokerage fees and transaction bonuses and accounting for all true-ups and credits.
Additionally, we have calculated the Second Anniversary ARR to be less than the First Anniversary ARR, and we have therefore calculated the Second Anniversary Payment to be $0, inclusive of brokerage fees and transaction bonuses and accounting for all true-ups and credits. Per the terms of the Merger Agreement, we delivered the Second Earnout Statement within thirty days of the end of the Second Earnout Period. We subsequently agreed to extend the Stockholder Representative's review period. In October 2023, we received an Earnout Objection Notice from the Stockholder Representative that alleges a material understatement of the Second Anniversary Payment amount. We are continuing the dispute-resolution process specific to the Second Anniversary Payment outlined in the Merger Agreement. We have not changed our calculation of the contingent consideration related to our acquisition of Bridg as a result of the dispute over the Second Anniversary ARR. Refer to Note 3 - Business Combinations for further information about the Bridg acquisition and related contingent consideration.
Restructuring
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we initiated a strategic reduction of our forces in our U.S., U.K., and India operations, including the planned closure of our Indian office. We also began a strategic shift within our organization to migrate certain data and applications to a cloud computing environment. As part of these initiatives, we recognized severance and medical benefit costs of $8.5 million. These charges are reflected on our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as follows: $2.0 million in delivery costs, $1.9 million in sales and marketing expense, $1.5 million in research and development expense and $3.1 million in general and administrative expense. We recognize these costs when the extent of our actions are determined and the costs can be estimated. We closed our Indian office at the end of 2022.                                            
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include revenue recognition, internal-use software development costs, stock-based compensation, allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of acquired intangible assets, valuation of contingent consideration for Bridg, goodwill impairment, income tax including valuation allowance, and contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience and on assumptions that we believe are reasonable. Changes in facts or circumstances may cause us to change our assumptions and estimates in future periods, and it is possible that actual results could differ from our current or revised future estimates.
Macroeconomic Considerations
Unfavorable conditions in the economy both in the United States and abroad may negatively affect the growth of our business and our results of operations. For example, macroeconomic events, including the changes in inflation, the U.S. Federal Reserve raising interest rates, disruptions in access to bank deposits or lending commitments due to bank failures, the Russia-Ukraine war and the Israel conflict have led to economic uncertainty globally. Historically, during periods of economic uncertainty and downturns, businesses may slow spending on advertising, which may impact our business and our customers’ businesses.
The effect of macroeconomic conditions may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods. If, however, economic uncertainty increases or the global economy worsens, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be harmed. For further discussion of the potential impacts of macroeconomic events on our business, financial condition and operating results, see the section titled "Risk Factors.