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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-35558
CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.
(Exact Name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 27-2004382
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
11055 Flintkote Avenue, San Diego, California |  | 92121
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)
(858) 952-7570
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Title of each class: |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock |  | CRDF |  | Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ |  | Accelerated filer ☐ |  | Non-accelerated filer ☒ |  | Smaller reporting company ☒ |  | Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of October 29, 2021, the issuer had 39,552,129 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding.

Table of Contents
CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.
Table of Contents

|  | Page
PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (unaudited) |
| Condensed Balance Sheets | 3
| Condensed Statements of Operations | 4
| Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Loss | 5
| Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity | 6
| Condensed Statements of Cash Flows | 9
| Notes to Condensed Financial Statements | 11
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 20
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 27
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 27
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 28
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 28
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 28
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 28
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 28
Item 5. | Other Information | 28
Item 6: | Exhibits | 28
SIGNATURES |

2

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except par value)
(Unaudited)

| September 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 13,165 |  |  | $ | 130,981 |
Short-term investments | 120,882 |  |  | — |
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivable | 395 |  |  | 320 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 3,327 |  |  | 2,055 |
Total current assets | 137,769 |  |  | 133,356 |
Property and equipment, net | 383 |  |  | 624 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 3,017 |  |  | 343 |
Other assets | 143 |  |  | 404 |
Total Assets | $ | 141,312 |  |  | $ | 134,727 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 396 |  |  | $ | 1,366 |
Accrued expenses | 4,010 |  |  | 3,851 |
Operating lease liabilities | 594 |  |  | 860 |
Other current liabilities | 42 |  |  | 42 |
Total current liabilities | 5,042 |  |  | 6,119 |
Derivative financial instruments—warrants | 5 |  |  | 285 |
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | 2,691 |  |  | 9 |
Other liabilities | 30 |  |  | 156 |
Total Liabilities | 7,768 |  |  | 6,569 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |
Preferred stock, 20,000 shares authorized; (Note 7) | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 150,000 shares authorized; 39,552 and 36,781 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Additional paid-in capital | 384,551 |  |  | 361,819 |
Service receivables | (666) |  |  | (2,171) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 16 |  |  | — |
Accumulated deficit | (250,362) |  |  | (231,495) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 133,544 |  |  | 128,158 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 141,312 |  |  | $ | 134,727 |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Royalties | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 247 |
Total revenues | 86 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 247 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 4,154 |  |  | 2,855 |  |  | 11,552 |  |  | 8,036 |
Selling, general and administrative | 2,930 |  |  | 1,644 |  |  | 8,003 |  |  | 4,800 |
Total operating expenses | 7,084 |  |  | 4,499 |  |  | 19,555 |  |  | 12,836 |
Loss from operations | (6,998) |  |  | (4,363) |  |  | (19,329) |  |  | (12,589) |
Interest income, net | 70 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 67 |
Gain (loss) from change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants | 12 |  |  | (144) |  |  | 280 |  |  | (186) |
Other income (expense), net | 3 |  |  | (6) |  |  | 15 |  |  | (2) |
Net loss | (6,913) |  |  | (4,497) |  |  | (18,849) |  |  | (12,710) |
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock | (6) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (18) |  |  | (18) |
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock issuance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (602) |
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock issuance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,665) |
Net loss attributable to common stockholders | $ | (6,919) |  |  | $ | (4,503) |  |  | $ | (18,867) |  |  | $ | (15,995) |
Net loss per common share — basic and diluted | $ | (0.17) |  |  | $ | (0.19) |  |  | $ | (0.49) |  |  | $ | (1.00) |
Weighted-average shares outstanding — basic and diluted | 39,552 |  |  | 23,341 |  |  | 38,501 |  |  | 15,942 |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed financial statements.
4

Table of Contents
CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net loss | $ | (6,913) |  |  | $ | (4,497) |  |  | $ | (18,849) |  |  | $ | (12,710) |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |
Total comprehensive loss | (6,887) |  |  | (4,497) |  |  | (18,833) |  |  | (12,710) |
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock | (6) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (18) |  |  | (18) |
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock issuance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (602) |
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock issuance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,665) |
Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders | $ | (6,893) |  |  | $ | (4,503) |  |  | $ | (18,851) |  |  | $ | (15,995) |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed financial statements.
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CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Preferred Stock Shares |  | Preferred Stock Amount |  | Common Stock Shares |  | Common Stock Amount |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Service Receivable |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, January 1, 2021 | 716 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | 36,781 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 361,819 |  |  | $ | (2,171) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (231,495) |  |  | $ | 128,158 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 268 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 268 |
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants | — |  |  | — |  |  | 771 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,263 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,263 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (67) |  |  | — |  |  | (67) |
Preferred stock dividend | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | (6) |
Release of clinical trial funding commitment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 380 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 380 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,179) |  |  | (5,179) |
Balance, March 31, 2021 | 716 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | 37,552 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 363,350 |  |  | $ | (1,791) |  |  | $ | (67) |  |  | $ | (236,680) |  |  | $ | 124,817 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,036 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,036 |
Sale of common stock, net of expenses(1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,225 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,225 |
Other comprehensive gain | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |
Preferred stock dividend | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | (6) |
Release of clinical trial funding commitment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 546 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 546 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,757) |  |  | (6,757) |
Balance, June 30, 2021 | 716 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | 39,552 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 383,611 |  |  | $ | (1,245) |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  | $ | (243,443) |  |  | $ | 138,918 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 940 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 940 |
Other comprehensive gain | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |
Preferred stock dividend | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | (6) |
Release of clinical trial funding commitment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 579 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 579 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,913) |  |  | (6,913) |
Balance, September 30, 2021 | 716 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | 39,552 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 384,551 |  |  | $ | (666) |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | (250,362) |  |  | $ | 133,544 |

(1)Net of expenses of $0.8 million.
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed financial statements.
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| Preferred Stock Shares |  | Preferred Stock Amount |  | Common Stock Shares |  | Common Stock Amount |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Service Receivable |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, January 1, 2020 | 61 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 8,594 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 217,172 |  |  | $ | (972) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (208,898) |  |  | $ | 7,310 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 177 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 177 |
Sale of common stock and warrants | — |  |  | — |  |  | 800 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,000 |
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,610 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,456 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,456 |
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Preferred stock dividend | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | (6) |
Release of clinical trial funding commitment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 293 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 293 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,089) |  |  | (4,089) |
Balance, March 31, 2020 | 61 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 11,011 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 219,805 |  |  | $ | (679) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (212,993) |  |  | $ | 6,141 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 282 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 282 |
Issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants for clinical trial funding commitment | 155 |  |  | — |  |  | 603 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,292 |  |  | (2,300) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock issuance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 602 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (602) |  |  | — |
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock issuance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,665 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,665) |  |  | — |
Sale of common stock, preferred stock and warrants(2) | 866 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4,689 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 17,277 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,279 |
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,473 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,605 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,605 |
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock | (155) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,547 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | (6) |
Release of clinical trial funding commitment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 213 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 213 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,124) |  |  | (4,124) |
Balance, June 30, 2020 | 927 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | 21,325 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 247,528 |  |  | $ | (2,766) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (220,390) |  |  | $ | 24,382 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 362 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 362 |
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,957 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 12,910 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,911 |
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | (6) |

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| Preferred Stock Shares |  | Preferred Stock Amount |  | Common Stock Shares |  | Common Stock Amount |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Service Receivable |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
Release of clinical trial funding commitment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 362 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 362 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,497) |  |  | (4,497) |
Balance, September 30, 2020 | 927 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | 26,286 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 260,807 |  |  | $ | (2,404) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (224,893) |  |  | $ | 33,521 |

(2)Net of expenses of $0.6 million, and fair value of warrants issued as a transaction advisory fee as of the date of issuance of $0.4 million.
See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed financial statements.
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CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Operating activities |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (18,849) |  |  | $ | (12,710) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
Loss on disposal of assets | 1 |  |  | — |
Impairment loss | — |  |  | 34 |
Depreciation | 338 |  |  | 349 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 2,244 |  |  | 821 |
Amortization of premiums on short-term investments | 1,160 |  |  | — |
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants | (280) |  |  | 186 |
Release of clinical trial funding commitment | 1,505 |  |  | 868 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Other assets | 261 |  |  | 2 |
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivable | (74) |  |  | (1) |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (741) |  |  | (624) |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 386 |  |  | 240 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (830) |  |  | 320 |
Operating lease liabilities | (645) |  |  | (636) |
Other liabilities | (126) |  |  | (40) |
Net cash used in operating activities | (15,650) |  |  | (11,191) |
Investing activities: |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (98) |  |  | (154) |
Maturities of short-term investments | 15,101 |  |  | — |
Purchases of short-term investments | (146,632) |  |  | — |
Sales of short-term investments | 8,975 |  |  | — |
Net cash used in investing activities | (122,654) |  |  | (154) |
Financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from sales of common stock, preferred stock and warrants, net of expenses of $776 and $634, respectively | 19,225 |  |  | 18,279 |
Costs related to the clinical trial funding commitment | — |  |  | (8) |
Proceeds from exercise of options | — |  |  | 7 |
Proceeds from exercise of warrants | 1,263 |  |  | 18,972 |
Borrowings under note payable | — |  |  | 305 |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 20,488 |  |  | 37,555 |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | (117,816) |  |  | 26,210 |
Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning of period | 130,981 |  |  | 10,195 |
Cash and cash equivalents—End of period | $ | 13,165 |  |  | $ | 36,405 |
Supplementary disclosure of cash flow activity: |  |  |
Cash paid for taxes | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |

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| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 18 |
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock issuance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 602 |
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock issuance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,665 |
Common stock, Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants issued in connection with clinical trial funding commitment, net of discount of $0 and $488, respectively | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,300 |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed financial statements.
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CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
Business Organization and Overview
Cardiff Oncology, Inc. (“Cardiff Oncology” or the “Company”) headquartered in San Diego, California, is a clinical-stage oncology company with the mission of developing new precision medicine treatment options for cancer patients in indications with the greatest unmet medical need, including KRAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer, metastatic pancreatic cancer and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The Company's common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol "CRDF".
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements of Cardiff Oncology have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) related to a quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The unaudited interim condensed financial statements reflect all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The unaudited condensed balance sheet at December 31, 2020 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. The operating results presented in these unaudited interim condensed financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future periods. These unaudited interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2020 included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 25, 2021.
Liquidity
The Company has incurred net losses since its inception and has negative operating cash flows. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had $134.0 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and believes it has sufficient cash to meet its funding requirements for at least the next 12 months following the issuance date of these financial statements.
For the foreseeable future, the Company expects to continue to incur losses and require additional capital to further advance its clinical trial programs and support its other operations. The Company cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that the Company can raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the Company’s stockholders may experience additional dilution. The economic effects of COVID-19 could also have an adverse effect on the Company's ability to raise additional capital. See Note 10 to the condensed financial statements for further information.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, there have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, other than the addition of investment securities as described below.
Investment Securities
All investments have been classified as “available-for-sale” and are carried at fair value as determined based upon quoted market prices or pricing models for similar securities at period end. Investments with contractual maturities less than 12 months at the balance sheet date are considered short-term investments. Investments with contractual maturities beyond one year are also classified as short-term due to the Company’s ability to liquidate the investment for use in operations within the next 12 months.
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Realized gains and losses on investment securities are included in earnings and are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of securities sold. The Company has not realized any significant gains or losses on sales of available-for-sale investment securities during any of the periods presented. As all the Company’s investment holdings are in the form of debt securities or certificates of deposit, unrealized gains and losses that are determined to be temporary in nature are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. A decline in the fair value of any security below cost that is deemed other than temporary results in a charge to earnings and the establishment of a new cost basis for the security. Interest income is recognized when earned and is included in investment income, as are the amortization of purchase premiums and accretion of purchase discounts on investment securities.
Net Loss Per Share
Basic and diluted net loss per common share is determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Preferred dividends are included in net loss attributable to common stockholders in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share.
The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive:

| September 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Options to purchase Common Stock | 3,566,832 |  |  | 1,920,706 |
Warrants to purchase Common Stock | 4,490,159 |  |  | 7,373,351 |
Restricted Stock Units | — |  |  | 991 |
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock | 877 |  |  | 877 |
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock | 2,684,607 |  |  | 3,548,459 |
| 10,742,475 |  |  | 12,844,384 |

Recent Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Adopted
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06 ("ASU 2020-06"), Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 eliminates the beneficial conversion and cash conversion accounting models for convertible instruments. It also amends the accounting for certain contracts in an entity’s own equity that are currently accounted for as derivatives because of specific settlement provisions. In addition, ASU 2020-06 modifies how particular convertible instruments and certain contracts that may be settled in cash or shares impact the diluted EPS computation. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 (or December 15, 2023 for companies who meet the SEC definition of Smaller Reporting Companies), and interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendment is to be adopted through either a fully retrospective or modified retrospective method of transition. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its financial statements and related disclosures.
In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-04 ("ASU 2021-04), Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force). The amendments in this update are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its financial statements and related disclosures.
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3. Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

| Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2021
(in thousands) | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market fund | $ | 12,650 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,650 |
Total included in cash and cash equivalents (1) | $ | 12,650 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,650 |
Available for sale investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificate of deposit | — |  |  | 2,610 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,610 |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 77,910 |  |  | — |  |  | 77,910 |
Commercial paper | — |  |  | 12,436 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,436 |
Non U.S. government | — |  |  | 732 |  |  | — |  |  | 732 |
U.S. treasury securities | 27,194 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,194 |
Total available for sale investments (2) | $ | 27,194 |  |  | $ | 93,688 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 120,882 |
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis | $ | 39,844 |  |  | $ | 93,688 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 133,532 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments—warrants (3) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 5 |

| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020
(in thousands) | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market fund (1) | $ | 129,988 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 129,988 |
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis | $ | 129,988 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 129,988 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments—warrants (3) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 285 |  |  | $ | 285 |
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 285 |  |  | $ | 285 |

(1) Included as a component of cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying condensed balance sheets. Cash equivalents are considered by the Company to be highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase.
(2) Included in short-term investments in the accompanying condensed balance sheets.
(3) A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value
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measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs or instruments that trade infrequently and therefore have little or no price transparency are classified as Level 3. See Note 6 to the condensed financial statements for further information.
4. Supplementary Balance Sheet Information
Investments available for sale consist of the following:

| As of September 30, 2021
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Market Value
Certificate of deposit | $ | 2,609 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,610 |
Corporate debt securities | 77,901 |  |  | 15 |  |  | (6) |  |  | 77,910 |
Commercial paper | 12,434 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 12,436 |
Non U.S. government | 732 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 732 |
U.S. treasury securities | 27,190 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 27,194 |
Total short term investments | $ | 120,866 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | 120,882 |

Property and equipment consist of the following:

(in thousands) | As of September 30, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
Furniture and office equipment | $ | 866 |  |  | $ | 798 |
Leasehold improvements | 1,962 |  |  | 1,962 |
Laboratory equipment | 884 |  |  | 868 |
| 3,712 |  |  | 3,628 |
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization | (3,329) |  |  | (3,004) |
Property and equipment, net | $ | 383 |  |  | $ | 624 |

5. Leases
As a lessee, the Company’s current leases include its master facility lease and immaterial equipment leases, all of which are considered operating leases.
The Company (as a sublessor) also subleases portions of its facility to third parties under three separate subleases. All of these subleases have been determined to be operating leases and are accounted for separately from the head lease.
Master Facility Lease
The Company currently occupies 9,500 square feet of office and lab space in San Diego. During July 2021, the Company entered into an amended lease agreement to increase its occupied space to 12,300 square feet which commences on January 1, 2022 and expires on February 28, 2027. Under the current master facility lease, which expires on December 31, 2021, the Company leases 26,100 square feet of office and lab space. This includes 16,600 square feet of space that is subleased to third parties, all of which expires on December 31, 2021. The minimum monthly rent under the amended lease is $55,000 with an annual rent escalation of 3% per year beginning on January 1, 2022. Through December 31, 2021 rent payments are approximately $80,000 per month.
Facility Subleases
As a result of corporate restructurings in previous years, the Company vacated a portion of its facility and has subleased the space to third parties under three separate sublease agreements, which all expire on December 31, 2021. The Company as a sublessor is leasing approximately 16,600 square feet of space to third parties as of September 30, 2021.
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The components of lease expense were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Operating lease cost | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | 345 |
Operating sublease income | (101) |  |  | (73) |  |  | (303) |  |  | (218) |
Net operating lease cost | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 165 |  |  | $ | 127 |

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

(in thousands) | As of September 30, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
Operating lease ROU assets | $ | 3,017 |  |  | $ | 343 |
Current operating lease liabilities | $ | 594 |  |  | $ | 860 |
Non-current operating lease liabilities | 2,691 |  |  | 9 |
Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 3,285 |  |  | $ | 869 |
Weighted-average remaining lease term–operating leases | 5.3 years |  | 1.0 year
Weighted-average discount rate–operating leases | 7.0 | % |  | 6.5 | %

Supplemental cash flow and other information related to leases was as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 243 |  |  | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 726 |  |  | $ | 706 |
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases | $ | 3,061 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,061 |  |  | $ | — |

Total remaining annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows:

(in thousands) |  |  |  |  |
Year Ending December 31, | Operating Leases |  | Sublease Income |  | Net Operating Leases
2021 (excluding the nine months ended September 31, 2021) | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | (101) |  |  | $ | 62 |
2022 | 610 |  |  | — |  |  | 610 |
2023 | 737 |  |  | — |  |  | 737 |
2024 | 754 |  |  | — |  |  | 754 |
2025 | 775 |  |  | — |  |  | 775 |
Thereafter | 933 |  |  | — |  |  | 933 |
Total future minimum lease payments | 3,972 |  |  | $ | (101) |  |  | $ | 3,871 |
Less imputed interest | (687) |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 3,285 |  |  |  |  |

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6. Derivative Financial Instruments — Warrants
Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC Topic 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”) or ASC Topic 480-10, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480-10”), Cardiff Oncology determined that certain warrants issued in connection with the execution of certain equity financings must be recorded as derivative liabilities. In accordance with ASC 815-40 and ASC 480-10, the warrants are also being re-measured at each balance sheet date based on estimated fair value, and any resultant change in fair value is being recorded in the Company’s condensed statements of operations. The Company estimates the fair value of these warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model were:

| As of September 30, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
Fair value of Cardiff Oncology common stock | $ | 6.66 |  |  | $ | 17.99 |
Expected warrant term | 1.3 years |  | 2.1 years
Risk-free interest rate | 0.15 | % |  | 0.13 | %
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock | 100 | % |  | 116 | %
Dividend yield | 0 | % |  | 0 | %

Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of Cardiff Oncology’s common stock. The warrants have a transferability provision, accordingly, Cardiff Oncology used the remaining contractual term as the expected term of the warrants. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury security rates consistent with the expected remaining term of the warrants at each balance sheet date.
The following table sets forth the components of changes in the Company’s derivative financial instruments—warrants liability balance, valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing method, for the periods indicated.

(in thousands, except for number of warrants) |  |  |  |  |  |
Date |  | Description |  | Number of Warrants |  | Derivative Instrument Liability
December 31, 2020 |  | Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability |  | 64,496 |  |  | $ | 285 |
|  | Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the period recognized as a gain in the condensed statements of operations |  | — |  |  | (280) |
September 30, 2021 |  | Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability |  | 64,496 |  |  | $ | 5 |

7. Stockholders’ Equity
Stock Options
Stock-based compensation expense related to Cardiff Oncology equity awards have been recognized in operating results as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Included in research and development expense | $ | 174 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 286 |  |  | $ | 251 |
Included in selling, general and administrative expense | 766 |  |  | 258 |  |  | 1,958 |  |  | 570 |
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 940 |  |  | $ | 362 |  |  | $ | 2,244 |  |  | $ | 821 |

The unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options outstanding at September 30, 2021, net of estimated forfeitures, was $10.1 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 3.3 years. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of outstanding options as of September 30, 2021 was
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approximately 8.9 years. The total fair value of stock options vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were $1.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively.
The estimated fair value of stock option awards was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following weighted-average assumptions during the following periods indicated:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Risk-free interest rate | 0.95 | % |  | 0.44 | %
Dividend yield | 0 | % |  | 0 | %
Expected volatility of Cardiff Oncology common stock | 108 | % |  | 105 | %
Expected term | 6.0 years |  | 5.9 years

A summary of stock option activity and changes in stock options outstanding is presented below:

| Total Options |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share |  | Intrinsic Value
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2020 | 1,860,507 |  |  | $ | 7.43 |  |  | $ | 27,963,363 |
Granted | 1,721,314 |  |  | $ | 7.48 |  |  |
Canceled / Forfeited | (10,770) |  |  | $ | 2.55 |  |  |
Expired | (4,219) |  |  | $ | 216.00 |  |  |
Balance outstanding, September 30, 2021 | 3,566,832 |  |  | $ | 7.22 |  |  | $ | 7,522,769 |
Exercisable at September 30, 2021 | 1,281,604 |  |  | $ | 8.96 |  |  | $ | 5,103,890 |
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2021 | 3,466,323 |  |  | $ | 7.28 |  |  | $ | 7,344,075 |

2021 Equity Incentive Plan
In June 2021 the Company's stockholders approved the 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan ("2021 Plan"). The number of authorized shares in the 2021 plan is equal to the sum of (i) 3,150,000 shares, plus (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock reserved, but unissued under the 2014 Plan; and (iii) the number of shares of Common Stock underlying forfeited awards under the 2014 Plan. As of September 30, 2021, there were 2,289,902 shares available for issuance under the 2021 Plan.
2014 Equity Incentive Plan
Subsequent to the adoption of the 2021 Plan, no additional equity awards can be made under the terms of the 2014 Plan.
Inducement Grants
In July 2021, the Company began issuing equity awards to certain new employees as inducement grants outside of its 2021 Plan. As of September 30, 2021, an aggregate of 590,000 shares were issuable upon the exercise of inducement grant stock options approved by the Company.
Modification of Stock Options
In June 2021 two of the Company's directors' terms ended. At the conclusion of their term, the Compensation Committee passed a resolution to extend the expiration date of the departing directors vested stock options, and to immediately accelerate the vesting of one of the directors unvested options. The Company recorded incremental stock compensation expenses of$0.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, related to the modifications.
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Restricted Stock Units
A summary of the RSU activity is presented below:

| Total Restricted Stock Units |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share |  | Intrinsic Value
Non-vested RSUs outstanding, December 31, 2020 | 491 |  |  | $ | 147.60 |  |  | $ | 8,833 |
Vested | (491) |  |  | $ | 147.60 |  |  |
Non-vested RSUs outstanding, September 30, 2021 | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

The total fair value of vested RSUs during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.
Warrants
A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications is presented below:

| Total Warrants |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2020 | 5,260,992 |  |  | $ | 5.19 |  |  | 4.1 years
Exercised | (770,833) |  |  | $ | 1.64 |  |  |
Balance outstanding, September 30, 2021 | 4,490,159 |  |  | $ | 5.80 |  |  | 3.2 years

Preferred Stock
A summary of our Company's classes of preferred stock is presented below:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Shares outstanding
Class |  | Par value |  | Shares designated |  | Liquidation preference |  | As of September 30, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock |  | $ | 0.001 |  |  | 277,100 |  |  | $ | 606,000 |  |  | 60,600 |  |  | 60,600 |
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock |  | $ | 0.001 |  |  | 8,860 |  |  | None |  | — |  |  | — |
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock |  | $ | 0.001 |  |  | 200,000 |  |  | None |  | — |  |  | — |
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock |  | $ | 0.0001 |  |  | 154,670 |  |  | None |  | — |  |  | — |
Series E Convertible Preferred Stock |  | $ | 0.001 |  |  | 865,824 |  |  | None |  | 655,044 |  |  | 655,044 |

8. Commitments and Contingencies
Executive Agreements
Certain executive agreements provide for severance payments in case of terminations without cause or certain change of control scenarios.
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Research and Development and Clinical Trial Agreements
In March 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Nerviano which granted the Company development and commercialization rights to NMS-1286937, which Cardiff Oncology refers to as onvansertib. Onvansertib, an investigational drug, is an oral, and a highly-selective adenosine triphosphate competitive inhibitor of the serine/threonine PLK1. The Company is developing onvansertib in cancer indications with the greatest medical need for new treatment options. The Company was committed to order $1.0 million of future services provided by Nerviano, such as the cost to manufacture drug product, no later than June 30, 2019, and these services have been purchased. Terms of the agreement also provide for the Company to pay development milestones and royalties based on sales volume.
The Company is a party of various agreements under which it licenses technology on an exclusive basis in the field of oncology therapeutics. These agreements include License fees, Royalties and Milestone payments. The company also has a legacy license agreement in the field of oncology diagnostics under which royalty payments are due. These royalty payments are calculated as a percent of revenue. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, payments have not been material.
Litigation
Cardiff Oncology does not believe that it has legal liabilities that are probable or reasonably possible that require either accrual or disclosure. From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in matters may arise from time to time that may harm the Company’s business. As of the date of this report, management believes that there are no claims against the Company, which it believes will result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s business or financial condition.
9. Related Party Transactions
Gary Pace Securities Purchase Agreement
In May 2020, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Gary W. Pace, one of the Company's directors. Dr. Pace purchased 447,761 shares of the Company's common stock at $1.34 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $600,000.
Leucadia Life Sciences
In November 2018, the Company entered into a Material Transfer Agreement (“MTA”) with Leucadia Life Sciences (“Leucadia”) pursuant to which Leucadia developed a PCR-based assay for onvansertib for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (“AML”). This assay was completed in December 2020. During the duration of the agreement, one of the Company's directors Dr. Thomas Adams (who is no longer a director as of June 2021), was a principal stockholder of Leucadia. In connection with the MTA, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Tommy Adams, Co-Founder & Chief Operating Officer of Leucadia, who is the son of Dr. Adams. During the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 the Company incurred and recorded research and development expenses of approximately $0 and $0.3 million, respectively, for services performed by Leucadia and Tommy Adams. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 the Company incurred and recorded research and development expenses of approximately $0 and $0.8 million, respectively, for services performed by Leucadia and Tommy Adams.
10. COVID-19
The COVID-19 outbreak in the United States has caused significant business disruption. Thus far COVID-19 has not caused material disruptions to the Company's operational and financial performance. A prolonged outbreak could have a material adverse impact on financial results and business operations of the Company, including the timing and ability of the Company to complete certain clinical trials and other efforts required to advance the development of its drugs and raise additional capital.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report, including statements regarding the future financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” and similar expressions, as they relate to us, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions.
In addition, our business and financial performance may be affected by the factors that are discussed under “Risk Factors” in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed on February 25, 2021. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We cannot assure you that the events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.
The following discussion and analysis is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information set forth in the financial statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion should not be construed to imply that the results discussed herein will necessarily continue into the future, or that any conclusion reached herein will necessarily be indicative of actual operating results in the future. Such discussion represents only the best present assessment of our management.
Overview
We are a clinical-stage oncology company, developing new precision medicine treatment options for cancer patients in indications with the greatest unmet medical need. Our goal is to target tumor vulnerabilities with treatment combinations that overcome disease resistance and improve disease response to standard treatment regimens and to increase overall survival. We are developing onvansertib, an oral highly-selective Polo-like Kinase 1 ("PLK1") inhibitor, in combination with standard-of-care anti-cancer therapeutics. Our clinical development programs incorporate tumor genomics and biomarker technology to refine assessment of patient response to treatment.
We licensed onvansertib from Nerviano Medical Sciences ("NMS") pursuant to a license agreement with NMS dated March 13, 2017. This exclusive, world-wide license agreement includes 3 issued patents for onvansertib which cover composition of matter, salt forms of onvansertib and combination of onvansertib with other drugs.
Onvansertib is a novel PLK1 selective adenosine triphosphate ("ATP") competitive inhibitor with oral bioavailability, and a relatively short drug half-life of 24 hours. Onvansertib is highly potent against the PLK1 enzyme (concentration for 50% inhibition [IC 50]=5±3 nM), whereas low or no activity was observed on a panel of 63 kinases (IC50>500 nM), including the PLK members PLK2 and PLK3 (IC 50>10 μM).
PLK1, a serine/threonine kinase, is a master regulator of mitotic progression with various roles and localizations during the different mitotic phases. Upon PLK1 depletion in cancer cells by RNA interference ("RNAi"), inhibition of proliferation, and decreased viability, resulting from cell cycle arrest with 4N DNA content followed by apoptosis, are observed. PLK1 depletion also results in an increase in the number of cells containing abnormal spindle formation and misaligned chromosomes. Expression of PLK1 is seen in all proliferating normal tissues, and PLK1 is overexpressed in a number of tumors (including colorectal, pancreatic, prostate, ovary, breast and lung cancer), as well as in hematologic cancers.
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Although 5 different PLK family members are described in humans, the inhibition of the enzymatic activity or the depletion of PLK1 is sufficient to induce a G2/M cell cycle block and apoptosis in tumor cell lines and tumor regression in xenograft models. In addition, a tumor suppressor function has been described for PLK2 and PLK3 (but not PLK1), and they are reported to be expressed in non-proliferating, differentiated postmitotic cells, such as neurons, indicating a potentially better safety profile for a PLK1-selective compound.
Onvansertib is a highly selective inhibitor of PLK1. The fumarate salt of the compound was formulated for oral administration and is in clinical development for the treatment of a wide range of tumor types. There are 3 ongoing clinical studies of onvansertib in combination treatment: second line treatment in patients with KRAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer ("mCRC"), second line treatment in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ("mPDAC"), and in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer ("mCRPC") showing resistance to abiraterone.
In vitro studies have shown synergistic effects when onvansertib was administered in combination with different cytotoxic agents including antimicrotubule agents, topoisomerase 1 inhibitors, antimetabolites, alkylating agents, proteasome inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, BCL-2 inhibitors, and androgen biosynthesis inhibitors.
In addition, in vivo combination studies have confirmed the positive results obtained in vitro and synergistic effects have been observed in xenograft models of onvansertib in combination with abiraterone, 5-fluorouracil (5 FU), irinotecan (including NKTR-102), quizartinib, venetoclax, and paclitaxel, while additive effects in combination with cytarabine or bevacizumab have been demonstrated.
We believe the high-selectivity of onvansertib to PLK1, its 24-hour half-life, oral bioavailability, and flexible dosing schedule, as well as evidence of favorable safety and clinical benefit, with expected on-target, easy to manage and reversible side effects, may prove beneficial in addressing clinical therapeutic needs across a variety of cancers.
Ongoing Clinical Programs Update:
•TROV-054 is a Phase 1b/2 open-label multi- center clinical trial of onvansertib in combination with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab ("Avastin®") for the second line treatment of patients with KRAS-mutated mCRC, which is being conducted at 7 clinical trial sites across the U.S. - USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Mayo Clinic Cancer Centers (Arizona, Minnesota and Florida), Kansas University Medical Center, Inova Schar Cancer Institute and CARTI Cancer Center;
•CRDF-001 is a Phase 2 open-label multi-center clinical trial of onvansertib in combination with nanoliposomal irinotecan (“Onivyde®”), leucovorin, and fluorouracil for second line treatment of patients with mPDAC, which is being conducted at 6 clinical trial sites across the U.S. – The Mayo Clinic Cancer Centers (Arizona, Minnesota and Florida), Kansas University Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center and Inova Schar Cancer Institute;
•TROV-053 is a Phase 2 open-label multi-center clinical trial of onvansertib in combination with abiraterone acetate (Zytiga®) and prednisone in patients with mCRPC, which is being conducted at 3 clinical trial sites - Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Massachusetts General Hospital.
KRAS-mutated mCRC
TROV-054 is a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial of onvansertib for the second-line treatment of patients with KRAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer ("mCRC") in combination with standard-of-care FOLFIRI and bevacizumab (Avastin®).
The primary objective of this trial is to evaluate the dose-limiting toxicities ("DLTs") and maximum tolerated dose ("MTD") or recommended Phase 2 dose ("RP2D") of onvansertib in combination with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab (Phase 1b) and to continue to assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of onvansertib in combination with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab (Phase 2).
The rationale for this clinical trial is based on three key principles including synthetic lethality, synergy and proof-of-concept clinical benefit. Synthetic lethality arises when a combination of deficiencies in the expression of two genes leads to cell death, whereas a deficiency in only one of these genes does not. The deficiencies can arise through mutations, epigenetic alterations or inhibitors of the protein encoded by one of the genes. In reference to onvansertib, CRC tumor cells harboring KRAS mutations are more vulnerable to cell death with PLK1 inhibition versus KRAS wild-type isogenic cells. Synergy occurs when the combination of two drugs results in an unexpected greater activity than an expected additive effect of the two drugs. Onvansertib in combination with irinotecan and in combination with 5-FU (components of FOLFIRI) demonstrate synergy in colorectal cancer cell lines and both combinations have demonstrated significantly greater tumor growth inhibition than either
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drug alone. Proof-of-concept clinical response has been demonstrated in a previously completed Phase 1 trial in solid tumors in which 3 of 5 patients showing stable disease had tumors with a KRAS mutation; 2 in colorectal cancer and 1 in pancreatic cancer.
Data presented on September 8, 2021, at a key opinion leader webinar, provided an update of the ongoing phase 1b/2 clinical trial in KRAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer.
•8 of 19 (42%) patients treated per protocol at the recommended Phase 2 dose ("RP2D") of onvansertib 15 mg/m 2 who were evaluable for disease response as of the data cut-off achieved a partial response ("PR"). Historically, objective response rates ("ORR") of 5-13% have been reported in a similar patient population treated with standard of care chemotherapy;
•12 of 32 (38%) patients evaluable for response as of data cutoff date across all dose levels achieved a PR;
•Median progression-free survival ("mPFS") across all response-evaluable patients is 9.4 months and has not yet been reached in those treated per protocol at the RP2D. Historically, mPFS of ~4.5-5.7 months has been reported in a similar patient population treated with standard of care chemotherapy;
•The combination regimen of onvansertib plus FOLFIRI/bevacizumab is well tolerated.
mPDAC
CRDF-001 is a Phase 2 clinical trial of onvansertib in combination with nanoliposomal irinotecan and 5-FU for the second line treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ("mPDAC"). The first patient was dosed in June 2021.
The objective of this trial is to assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of onvansertib in combination with nanoliposomal irinotecan (Onyvide®), 5-FU and leucovorin as a second-line treatment in patients with mPDAC who have failed first-line gemcitabine-based therapy. The trial is expected to enroll approximately 45 patients across six sites in the U.S. including the three Mayo Clinic Cancer Centers (Arizona, Minnesota and Florida), Kansas University Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center and Inova Schar Cancer Institute.
mCRPC
TROV-053 is a Phase 2 clinical trial of onvansertib in combination with Zytiga® (abiraterone) and prednisone for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer ("mCRPC").
The primary objective of this trial is to observe the effects of onvansertib in combination with abiraterone and prednisone on disease control as assessed by prostate specific antigen ("PSA") decline or stabilization after 12 weeks of treatment in patients with mCRPC showing early signs of resistance to abiraterone.
The rationale for this trial is based on the mechanism of action ("MOA") of onvansertib and Zytiga® and the synergy of these two drugs when used in combination in pre-clinical experiments. Onvansertib inhibits tumor cell division (mitosis) by inducing G2/M arrest of tumor cells and the combination of onvansertib and Zytiga® significantly increases mitotic arrest and is synergistic when used in combination. Additionally, PLK1 inhibition appears to enhance the efficacy of androgen signaling blockade in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Data as of July 2, 2021, as follow-up to the data presented on February 11, 2021, at the American Society of Clinical Oncology Genitourinary Cancers Symposium (“ASCO-GU”) provided evidence of the safety and efficacy of onvansertib in combination with abiraterone. Arms A (n=17) and B (n=20) and C (13) showed 29%, 40% and 54% of patients, respectively, achieving the primary endpoint of disease control at 12 weeks. The more continuous dosing schedule of Arm C has shown an increase in the rate of patients achieving disease stabilization, to-date. Evidence of efficacy was observed in patients harboring AR alterations across all 3 arms. ctDNA analysis revealed differences in baseline genomic profiles of patients achieving SD at 12 weeks vs. patients progressing before or at 12 weeks. Mutations exclusively present in patients with SD were associated with cell cycle and DNA repair pathways that may result in increased sensitivity to onvansertib and efficacy of the combination. Onvansertib plus abiraterone has demonstrated safety across all 3 dosing schedules.
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Company Updates
Company
On July 12, 2021, we announced the appointments of Katherine L. Ruffner, M.D., as Chief Medical Officer and James E. Levine as Chief Financial Officer. We entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Levine on July 12, 2021 and with Dr. Ruffner on August 4, 2021.
Our accumulated deficit through September 30, 2021 is $250.4 million. To date, we have generated minimal revenues and expect to incur additional losses to perform further research and development activities.
Our drug development efforts are in their early stages, and we cannot make estimates of the costs or the time that our development efforts will take to complete, or the timing and amount of revenues related to the sale of our drugs. The risk of completion of any program is high because of the many uncertainties involved in developing new drug candidates to market, including the long duration of clinical testing, the specific performance of proposed products under stringent clinical trial protocols, extended regulatory approval and review cycles, our ability to raise additional capital, the nature and timing of research and development expenses, and competing technologies being developed by organizations with significantly greater resources.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We had no off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2021.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our accounting policies are described in ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS of our Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on February 25, 2021. There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies since December 31, 2020.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020
Revenues
Total revenues were $86,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $136,000 for the prior period. Revenues are from our sales-based or usage-based royalties on other intellectual property licenses, unrelated to onvansertib. Revenue recognition of the royalty depends on the timing and overall sales activities of the licensees.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consisted of the following:

| Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Increase (Decrease)
Salaries and staff costs | $ | 521 |  |  | $ | 412 |  |  | $ | 109 |
Stock-based compensation | 174 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 70 |
Clinical trials, outside services, and lab supplies | 3,104 |  |  | 2,151 |  |  | 953 |
Facilities and other | 355 |  |  | 188 |  |  | 167 |
Total research and development | $ | 4,154 |  |  | $ | 2,855 |  |  | $ | 1,299 |

Research and development expenses increased by $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020. The overall increase in research and development expenses was primarily due to costs associated with clinical programs and outside service costs for three ongoing clinical trials related to the development of our lead drug candidate, onvansertib. Facilities costs increased due to amending our operating lease. Salaries and staff costs increased primarily due to increased headcount in the current period.
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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses consisted of the following:

| Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Increase (Decrease)
Salaries and staff costs | $ | 671 |  |  | $ | 520 |  |  | $ | 151 |
Stock-based compensation | 766 |  |  | 258 |  |  | 508 |
Outside services and professional fees | 914 |  |  | 488 |  |  | 426 |
Facilities and other | 579 |  |  | 378 |  |  | 201 |
Total selling, general and administrative | $ | 2,930 |  |  | $ | 1,644 |  |  | $ | 1,286 |

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020. The significant components of the increase were outside services and stock-based compensation. The increase in stock-based compensation is primarily due to new stock option grants issued to employees and directors. The increase in outside services and professional fees is primarily due to increased investor relations fees, recruiting fees, and legal fees related to the expansion of our patent portfolio.
Change in Fair Value of Derivative Financial Instruments — Warrants
We have issued warrants that are accounted for as derivative liabilities. As of September 30, 2021, the derivative financial instruments—warrants liabilities were revalued to $5,000, resulting in an increase in value of $12,000 from June 30, 2021, based primarily upon the fluctuation in our stock price as well as the decrease in the remaining life of the warrants. The decrease in value upon remeasurement at September 30, 2021 was recorded as a gain from the change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants in the condensed statement of operations.
Net Loss
Net loss and per share amounts were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Increase (Decrease)
Net loss | $ | (6,913) |  |  | $ | (4,497) |  |  | $ | 2,416 |
Preferred stock dividend | (6) |  |  | (6) |  |  | — |
Net loss attributable to common shareholders | $ | (6,919) |  |  | $ | (4,503) |  |  | $ | 2,416 |
Net loss per common share — basic and diluted | $ | (0.17) |  |  | $ | (0.19) |  |  | $ | (0.02) |
Weighted average shares outstanding — basic and diluted | 39,552 |  |  | 23,341 |  |  | 16,211 |

The $2.4 million increase in net loss attributable to common shareholders was primarily the result of an increase of operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year. The $0.02 decrease in net loss per share was impacted by the increase in basic weighted average shares outstanding resulting primarily from the issuance of approximately 13.3 million shares of common stock and common stock equivalents from October 1, 2020 through September 30, 2021.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020
Revenues
Total revenues were $226,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $247,000 for the prior period. Revenues are from our sales-based or usage-based royalties on other intellectual property licenses, unrelated to onvansertib. Revenue recognition of the royalty depends on the timing and overall sales activities of the licensees.
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Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consisted of the following:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Increase (Decrease)
Salaries and staff costs | $ | 1,095 |  |  | $ | 1,261 |  |  | $ | (166) |
Stock-based compensation | 286 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 35 |
Clinical trials, outside services, and lab supplies | 9,510 |  |  | 5,933 |  |  | 3,577 |
Facilities and other | 661 |  |  | 591 |  |  | 70 |
Total research and development | $ | 11,552 |  |  | $ | 8,036 |  |  | $ | 3,516 |

Research and development expenses increased by $3.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020. The overall increase in research and development expenses was primarily due to costs associated with clinical programs and outside service costs for three ongoing clinical trials related to the development of our lead drug candidate, onvansertib. Salaries and staff costs decreased primarily due to departmental changes of certain executives in the current period.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses consisted of the following:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Increase (Decrease)
Salaries and staff costs | $ | 1,752 |  |  | $ | 1,565 |  |  | $ | 187 |
Stock-based compensation | 1,958 |  |  | 570 |  |  | 1,388 |
Outside services and professional fees | 2,799 |  |  | 1,468 |  |  | 1,331 |
Facilities and other | 1,494 |  |  | 1,197 |  |  | 297 |
Total selling, general and administrative | $ | 8,003 |  |  | $ | 4,800 |  |  | $ | 3,203 |

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020. The significant components of the increase were outside services and stock-based compensation. The increase in stock-based compensation is primarily due to additional stock option grants to employees and directors during the period and the modification of stock option grants for departing directors in June 2021. The increase in outside services and professional fees is primarily due to increased legal fees related to the expansion of our patent portfolio. Outside services also increased from recruiting fees and board of directors fees.
Change in Fair Value of Derivative Financial Instruments — Warrants
We have issued warrants that are accounted for as derivative liabilities. As of September 30, 2021, the derivative financial instruments—warrants liabilities were revalued to $5,000, resulting in a decrease in value of $280,000 from December 31, 2020, based primarily upon the fluctuation in our stock price, as well as the decrease in the remaining life of the warrants. The change in value upon remeasurement at September 30, 2021 was recorded as a gain from the change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants in the condensed statement of operations.
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Net Loss
Net loss and per share amounts were as follows:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Increase (Decrease)
Net loss | $ | (18,849) |  |  | $ | (12,710) |  |  | $ | 6,139 |
Preferred stock dividend | (18) |  |  | (3,285) |  |  | (3,267) |
Net loss attributable to common shareholders | $ | (18,867) |  |  | $ | (15,995) |  |  | $ | 2,872 |
Net loss per common share — basic and diluted | $ | (0.49) |  |  | $ | (1.00) |  |  | $ | (0.51) |
Weighted average shares outstanding — basic and diluted | 38,501 |  |  | 15,942 |  |  | 22,559 |

The $2.9 million increase in net loss attributable to common shareholders was primarily the result of an increase in operating expenses, offset by a decrease in preferred stock dividend for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in the prior year. The $0.51 decrease in basic net loss per share was impacted by the increase in weighted average shares outstanding resulting primarily from the issuance of approximately 13.3 million shares of common stock from October 1, 2020 through September 30, 2021.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The COVID-19 outbreak in the United States has caused business disruptions. Thus far COVID-19 has not caused material disruptions to our operational and financial performance. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our future operational and financial performance will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak, and impact on our clinical trials, employees and vendors, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. The economic effects of the outbreak could also have an adverse effect on our ability to raise additional capital.
Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $15.7 million, compared to $11.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Our use of cash was primarily a result of the net loss of $18.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, adjusted for non-cash items related to stock-based compensation of $2.2 million, release of clinical trial funding commitment of $1.5 million, amortization of premiums on short-term investments $1.2 million, and depreciation of $0.3 million. The net change in our operating assets and liabilities was $1.8 million increasing cash used in operations. At our current and anticipated level of operating loss, we expect to continue to incur an operating cash outflow for the next several years.
Net cash used in investing activities was $122.7 million primarily related to net purchases of marketable securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $0.2 million investing activities for the same period in 2020.
Net cash provided in financing activities was $20.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $37.6 million for the same period in 2020. Net cash provided in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $19.2 million from the sale of common stock and $1.3 million proceeds from the exercise of warrants. Net cash provided in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was from $19.0 million of proceeds from the exercise of warrants and $18.3 million from the sale of common stock, preferred stock and warrants.
As of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, we had working capital of $132.7 million and $127.2 million, respectively.
We have incurred net losses since our inception and have negative operating cash flows. As of September 30, 2021, we had $134.0 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and we believe we have sufficient cash to meet our funding requirements for at least the next 12 months following the issuance date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
For the foreseeable future, we expect to continue to incur losses and require additional capital to further advance our clinical trial programs and support our other operations. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that we can raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience additional dilution. The economic effects of COVID-19 could also have an adverse effect on our ability to raise additional capital.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Not applicable.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We have performed an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer (CEO) and principal financial officer (CFO), of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2021 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports filed or submitted by us under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives as specified above. Management does not expect, however, that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent or detect all errors and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2021 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
None.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number |  | Description of Exhibit
31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Exchange Act.
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Exchange Act.
32.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 is formatted in Inline XBRL

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.
November 4, 2021 | By: | /s/ Mark Erlander
|  | Mark Erlander
|  | Chief Executive Officer
| CARDIFF ONCOLOGY, INC.
November 4, 2021 | By: | /s/ James Levine
|  | James Levine
|  | Chief Financial Officer

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