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Loans, Leases and Allowance
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2026
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans, Leases and Allowance Loans, Leases and Allowance
The following table shows the composition of the loan and lease portfolio at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:
March 31,
2026
December 31,
2025
Commercial mortgage$414,875 $414,316 
Commercial and industrial145,214 142,508 
Construction and development74,318 71,705 
Multi-family208,034 208,894 
Residential mortgage166,257 171,063 
Home equity lines of credit21,398 20,147 
Direct financing leases142,979 145,806 
Consumer18,179 19,280 
1,191,254 1,193,719 
Less
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases16,740 16,466 
Deferred loan fees392 440 
$1,174,122 $1,176,813 

The Company rates all loans and leases by credit quality using the following designations:
Grade 1 – Exceptional
Exceptional loans and leases are top-quality loans to individuals whose financial credentials are well known to the Company. These loans and leases have excellent sources of repayment, are well documented and/or virtually free of risk (i.e., CD secured loans).
Grade 2 – Quality Loans and Leases
These loans and leases have excellent sources of repayment with no identifiable risk of collection, and they conform in all respects to Company policy and IDFI and FDIC regulations. Documentation exceptions are minimal or are in the process of being corrected and not of a type that could subsequently expose the Company to risk of loss.
Grade 3 – Acceptable Loans
This category is for “average” quality loans and leases. These loans and leases have adequate sources of repayment with little identifiable risk of collection and they conform to Company policy and IDFI/FDIC regulations.
Grade 4 – Acceptable but Monitored
Loans and leases in this category may have a greater than average risk due to financial weakness or uncertainty but do not appear to require classification as special mention or substandard loans. Loans and leases rated “4” need to be monitored on a regular basis to ascertain that the reasons for placing them in this category do not advance or worsen.
Grade 5 – Special Mention
Loans and leases in this category have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or lease or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special Mention loans and leases are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. This special mention rating is designed to identify a specific level of risk and concern about an asset’s quality. Although a special mention loan or lease has a higher probability of default than a pass rated loan or lease, its default is not imminent.
Grade 6 – Substandard
Loans and leases in this category are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans and leases so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Substandard loans and leases have a high probability of payment default, or they have other well-defined weaknesses. Such loans and leases have a distinct potential for loss; however, an individual loan’s or lease’s potential for loss does not have to be distinct for the loan or lease to be rated substandard.
The following are examples of situations that might cause a loan or lease to be graded a “6”:
Cash flow deficiencies (losses) jeopardize future loan or lease payments.
Sale of non-collateral assets has become a primary source of loan or lease repayment.
The relationship has deteriorated to the point that sale of collateral is now the Company’s primary source of repayment, unless this was the original source of loan or lease repayment.
The borrower is bankrupt or for any other reason future repayment is dependent on court action.
Grade 7 – Doubtful
A loan or lease classified as doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. A doubtful loan or lease has a high probability of total or substantial loss. Doubtful borrowers are usually in default, lack adequate liquidity or capital, and lack the resources necessary to remain an operating entity. Because of high probability of loss, nonaccrual accounting treatment will be required for doubtful loans and leases.
Grade 8 – Loss
Loans and leases classified loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan or lease has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the loan or lease even though partial recovery may be effected in the future.
No material changes have been made to the risk characteristics discussed above contained in the Company's 2025 Form 10-K.
The following tables present the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan and lease portfolio based on rating category, payment activity, and origination year as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:
20262025202420232022PriorRevolving loans amortized cost basisTotal
As of March 31, 2026:
Commercial mortgage
Pass$4,220 $66,928 $30,684 $41,649 $80,511 $136,857 $45,505 $406,354 
Special Mention873 — — — — — — 873 
Substandard— — — — — 7,648 — 7,648 
Total Commercial mortgage5,093 66,928 30,684 41,649 80,511 144,505 45,505 414,875 
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — 
Commercial and industrial
Pass5,127 23,299 13,967 20,297 5,497 20,067 55,166 143,420 
Substandard— — — — 137 29 1,628 1,794 
Total Commercial and industrial5,127 23,299 13,967 20,297 5,634 20,096 56,794 145,214 
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — 
Construction and development
Pass7,680 36,194 6,735 1,913 1,509 15,387 — 69,418 
Substandard— — — — — 4,900 — 4,900 
Total Construction and development7,680 36,194 6,735 1,913 1,509 20,287 — 74,318 
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — 
Multi-family
Pass1,840 19,004 16,966 11,005 60,392 64,027 27,649 200,883 
Substandard— — — — 2,362 4,789 — 7,151 
Total Multi-family1,840 19,004 16,966 11,005 62,754 68,816 27,649 208,034 
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — 
Residential mortgage
Pass2,852 21,079 13,536 29,155 24,279 69,537 4,077 164,515 
Substandard— — — 107 46 1,589 — 1,742 
Total Residential mortgage2,852 21,079 13,536 29,262 24,325 71,126 4,077 166,257 
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — 
Home equity
Pass59 45 — 222 — 57 20,973 21,356 
Special Mention— — — — — — 30 30 
Substandard— — — — — — 12 12 
Total Home equity lines of credit59 45 — 222 — 57 21,015 21,398 
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — 
Direct financing leases
Pass14,718 54,920 33,251 26,709 9,755 2,257 — 141,610 
Substandard— 31 16 166 59 13 — 285 
Doubtful— 76 239 530 220 19 — 1,084 
Total Direct financing leases14,718 55,027 33,506 27,405 10,034 2,289 — 142,979 
Current period gross charge-offs— 14 120 304 37 63 — 538 
Consumer
Pass1,203 5,550 4,150 3,331 2,553 1,340 — 18,127 
Substandard— — — 21 19 12 — 52 
Total Consumer1,203 5,550 4,150 3,352 2,572 1,352 — 18,179 
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — 11 
Total Loans and Leases$38,572 $227,126 $119,544 $135,105 $187,339 $328,528 $155,040 $1,191,254 
Total current period gross charge-offs$$14 $120 $308 $37 $63 $— $549 
20252024202320222021PriorRevolving loans amortized cost basisTotal
As of December 31, 2025:
Commercial mortgage
Pass$65,746 $28,457 $43,078 $81,156 $38,485 $104,920 $44,820 $406,662 
Substandard— — — — 7,654 — — 7,654 
Total Commercial mortgage65,746 28,457 43,078 81,156 46,139 104,920 44,820 414,316 
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — 
Commercial and industrial
Pass24,361 14,524 21,342 6,601 9,148 11,218 53,505 140,699 
Substandard— — — 173 — 30 1,606 1,809 
Total Commercial and industrial24,361 14,524 21,342 6,774 9,148 11,248 55,111 142,508 
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — — 
Construction and development
Pass31,478 14,823 1,914 1,516 15,946 105 — 65,782 
Special Mention— — 429 594 — — — 1,023 
Substandard— — — — — 4,900 — 4,900 
Total Construction and development31,478 14,823 2,343 2,110 15,946 5,005 — 71,705 
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — 
Multi-family
Pass19,060 16,545 10,946 62,286 46,369 20,269 26,246 201,721 
Substandard— — — 2,362 1,355 3,456 — 7,173 
Total Multi-family19,060 16,545 10,946 64,648 47,724 23,725 26,246 208,894 
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — 
Residential mortgage
Pass25,873 14,224 29,613 24,979 25,038 46,869 2,944 169,540 
Substandard— — 234 — 446 843 — 1,523 
Total Residential mortgage25,873 14,224 29,847 24,979 25,484 47,712 2,944 171,063 
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — 
Home equity
Pass48 — 224 — 57 — 19,730 20,059 
Substandard— — — — — — 88 88 
Total Home equity lines of credit48 — 224 — 57 — 19,818 20,147 
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — 
Direct financing leases
Pass59,587 37,199 31,748 12,243 3,128 604 — 144,509 
Substandard— 64 225 232 61 — — 582 
Doubtful40 212 392 38 33 — — 715 
Total Direct financing leases59,627 37,475 32,365 12,513 3,222 604 — 145,806 
Current period gross charge-offs260 961 413 291 23 — 1,957 
Consumer
Pass6,246 4,586 3,793 2,933 1,163 391 122 19,234 
Substandard— — 24 — 22 — — 46 
Total Consumer6,246 4,586 3,817 2,933 1,185 391 122 19,280 
Current period gross charge-offs51 19 55 72 23 — 229 
Total Loans and Leases$232,439 $130,634 $143,962 $195,113 $148,905 $193,605 $149,061 $1,193,719 
Total current period gross charge-offs$60 $279 $1,016 $485 $302 $46 $— $2,188 


For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company did not have any revolving loans convert to term loans.
The following tables present the Company’s loan and lease portfolio aging analysis of the recorded investment in loans and leases as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

March 31, 2026
Delinquent Loans and LeasesCurrentTotal
Portfolio
Loans and
Leases
Total Loans
and Leases
> 90 Days
Accruing
30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days and
Over
Total Past
Due
Commercial mortgage$— $873 $7,435 $8,308 $406,567 $414,875 $— 
Commercial and industrial— — — — 145,214 145,214 — 
Construction and development— — 4,900 4,900 69,418 74,318 — 
Multi-family3,458 — 2,362 5,820 202,214 208,034 — 
Residential mortgage739 701 1,742 3,182 163,075 166,257 1,665 
Home equity199 13 219 21,179 21,398 13 
Direct financing leases149 62 — 211 142,768 142,979 — 
Consumer30 79 52 161 18,018 18,179 52 
Totals$4,575 $1,722 $16,504 $22,801 $1,168,453 $1,191,254 $1,730 

December 31, 2025
Delinquent Loans and LeasesCurrentTotal
Portfolio
Loans and
Leases
Total Loans
and Leases
> 90 Days
Accruing
30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days and
Over
Total Past
Due
Commercial mortgage$— $— $7,435 $7,435 $406,881 $414,316 $— 
Commercial and industrial— — — — 142,508 142,508 — 
Construction and development— — 4,900 4,900 66,805 71,705 — 
Multi-family— — 2,362 2,362 206,532 208,894 2,362 
Residential mortgage773 481 1,522 2,776 168,287 171,063 1,445 
Home equity126 70 88 284 19,863 20,147 88 
Direct financing leases511 296 299 1,106 144,700 145,806 299 
Consumer148 50 46 244 19,036 19,280 46 
Totals$1,558 $897 $16,652 $19,107 $1,174,612 $1,193,719 $4,240 
The following table presents information on the Company’s nonaccrual loans and leases at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

March 31,
2026
December 31,
2025
Nonaccrual loans and leasesNonaccrual loans and leases without an allowance for credit lossesNonaccrual loans and leasesNonaccrual loans and leases without an allowance for credit losses
Commercial mortgage$7,436 $6,732 $7,435 $6,732 
Commercial and industrial29 — 30 — 
Construction and development4,900 — 4,900 — 
Multi-family2,362 2,362 — — 
Residential mortgage76 76 76 76 
Direct financing leases1,084 1,084 715 715 
Total nonaccrual loans and leases$15,887 $10,254 $13,156 $7,523 

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company recognized $1,000 of interest income on nonaccrual loans and leases, compared to $3,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2025.

The following tables present the Company's amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, and their respective collateral type, which are individually analyzed to determine expected credit losses as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

March 31, 2026
Commercial Real EstateMulti-family HousingResidential Real EstateHome Equity Line of CreditOtherTotalAllowance on Collateral Dependent Loans
Commercial mortgage$8,309 $— $— $— $— $8,309 $460 
Commercial and industrial— — — — 1,628 1,628 — 
Construction and development4,900 — — — — 4,900 1,750 
Multi-family— 7,151 — — — 7,151 250 
Residential mortgage— — 240 — — 240 — 
Home equity— — — 30 — 30 — 
Total$13,209 $7,151 $240 $30 $1,628 $22,258 $2,460 
December 31, 2025
Commercial Real EstateMulti-family HousingResidential Real EstateOtherTotalAllowance on Collateral Dependent Loans
Commercial mortgage$7,435 $— $— $— $7,435 $150 
Commercial and industrial— — — 1,607 1,607 — 
Construction and development5,923 — — — 5,923 1,750 
Multi-family— 7,174 — — 7,174 250 
Residential mortgage— — 124 — 124 — 
Total$13,358 $7,174 $124 $1,607 $22,263 $2,150 

Loan/Lease Modification Disclosures under ASU 2022-02
In certain situations, the Company may modify the terms of a loan or lease to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. These modifications may include payment delays, term extensions, or interest-rate reductions. In some cases, combinations of modifications may be made to the same loan or lease. If a determination is made that a modified loan or lease has been deemed uncollectible, the loan or lease (or portion of the loan or lease) is charged-off, reducing the amortized cost basis of the loan or lease and adjusting the allowance for credit losses. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company had no new modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.
There were no modified loans or leases that had a payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2026 or 2025, and that were modified in the twelve months prior to that default by borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.
Other Real Estate Owned
Other real estate owned is included in other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. There was $56,000 of other real estate owned, consisting of foreclosed residential real estate properties, at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process was $1,055,000 and $923,000, respectively.
Direct Financing Leases
The following lists the components of the net investment in direct financing leases:
March 31,
2026
December 31,
2025
Total minimum lease payments to be received$163,342 $166,565 
Initial direct costs9,192 9,422 
172,534 175,987 
Less: Unearned income(29,555)(30,181)
Net investment in direct finance leases$142,979 $145,806 

The following table summarizes the future minimum lease payments receivable subsequent to March 31, 2026:
Remainder of 2026$49,542 
202751,705 
202835,090 
202919,014 
20307,302 
Thereafter689 
$163,342 

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases
The allowance for credit losses on loans and leases is established for current expected credit losses on the Company's loan and lease portfolios in accordance with ASC Topic 326. This requires significant judgment to estimate credit losses measured on a collective pool basis when similar risk characteristics exist, and for loans evaluated individually. The Company estimates expected future losses for the loan's entire contractual term, taking into account expected payments when appropriate. The allowance is an estimation based on management's evaluation of expected losses related to the Company's financial assets measured at amortized cost. It considers relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to the historical loss experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts for the Company's outstanding loan and lease balances.
The Company utilizes a cash flow ("CF") analysis method of estimating expected losses, which relies on key inputs and assumptions. Significant factors affecting the calculation are the segmenting of loans and leases based upon similar risk characteristics, applied loss rates based upon reasonable and supportable forecasts, and contractual term adjustments, including prepayment and curtailment adjustments. To ensure the allowance is maintained at an adequate level, a detailed analysis is performed on a quarterly basis, with an appropriate provision made to adjust the allowance.
The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the calculation of the allowance for credit losses, as it is the Company's policy to write off accrued interest in a timely manner as it is deemed uncollectible by reversing interest income.
The Company categorizes its loan portfolios into eight segments, as discussed above, based on similar risk characteristics. Loans within each segment are collectively evaluated using either a CF methodology or remaining life methodology. When estimating for credit loss, the Company forecasts the first four quarters of the credit loss estimate and reverts to a long-run average of each considered factor. The Company developed its reasonable and supportable forecasts using economic data, such as national gross domestic product ("GDP") and unemployment rate.
Qualitative adjustments are applied to each collectively segmented pool to appropriately capture differences in current or expected qualitative risk characteristics. When evaluating the estimation for expected credit losses, the Company evaluates these qualitative adjustments for any changes in:
lending policies, procedures, and strategies,
the nature and volume of the loan and lease portfolio,
international, national, regional, and local conditions,
the experience, depth, and ability of lending management,
the volume and severity of past due loans,
the quality of the loan review system,
the underlying collateral,
concentration risk, and
the effect of other external factors.

The following tables summarize changes in the allowance for credit losses by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively:
Balances, December 31, 2025Provision for (reversal of) credit lossesCharge-offsRecoveriesBalances, March 31, 2026
Commercial mortgage$4,575 $238 $— $— $4,813 
Commercial and industrial1,812 (14)— 10 1,808 
Construction and development2,298 165 — — 2,463 
Multi-family2,336 (9)— — 2,327 
Residential mortgage1,833 (47)— 1,787 
Home equity189 11 — — 200 
Direct financing leases3,075 292 (538)177 3,006 
Consumer348 (15)(11)14 336 
Total$16,466 $621 $(549)$202 $16,740 



Balances, December 31, 2024Provision for (reversal of) credit lossesCharge-offsRecoveriesBalances, March 31, 2025
Commercial mortgage$4,486 $248 $— $— $4,734 
Commercial and industrial1,483 138 — 1,623 
Construction and development2,243 (242)— — 2,001 
Multi-family2,660 147 — — 2,807 
Residential mortgage1,910 (29)— 20 1,901 
Home equity184 12 — — 196 
Direct financing leases2,469 409 (518)107 2,467 
Consumer356 — (40)33 349 
Total$15,791 $683 $(558)$162 $16,078 

During the first quarter of 2026, the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases increased from $16.5 million at December 31, 2025, to $16.7 million at March 31, 2026. The increase was attributable to provisions for credit losses totaling $621,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2026, partially offset by net charge-offs of $347,000. Set forth below is a segment analysis of the loan and lease portfolio reflecting the change in the allowance for each segment, due to the change in the amount of each segment.
Commercial Mortgage – Allowance increased as additional reserves were placed on individually evaluated loans.
Commercial & Industrial – Allowance decreased despite a $2.7 million increase in balances, reflecting changes in portfolio composition as longer term loans paid off.
Construction & Development – Allowance increased in line with loan balances increasing by $2.6 million.
Multi-Family – Allowance decreased as longer term loans paid off and portfolio balances decreased $860,000.
Home Equity - Allowance increased as loan balances increased $1.3 million.
Residential Mortgage, Direct Financing Leases, and Consumer – Allowances decreased in line with lower portfolio balances and stable credit trends.
Our commercial loan portfolio, consisting of commercial and multi-family real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, and construction loans, represented 70.7% and 70.2% of our portfolio as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The allowance for credit losses on loans and leases allocated to the commercial loan portfolio represented 68.2% and 66.9% of our total allowance at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Economic Outlook
Due to the future-focused nature of the calculation for the allowance for credit losses, management must make significant assumptions. Estimating an appropriate allowance requires management to use relevant forward-looking information drawn
from reasonable and supportable forecasts. Economic factors are a consequential part of these forecasts, and as such are evaluated periodically for developments that may impact the Company's allowance for credit losses and loan and lease portfolio.

As of March 31, 2026, several key economic factors continue to influence the Company's loan and lease portfolio. Persistent inflation, slowing economic growth, and labor market uncertainty are contributing to a more challenging operating environment for many borrowers. In addition, geopolitical tensions and tariff-related risks are creating potential disruptions in supply chains and increased input costs for certain industries. These conditions may continue to affect borrower performance and credit demand in the near term. Despite these challenges, the Company's overall credit quality remains stable, supported by conservative underwriting standards and ongoing portfolio monitoring. Management continues to evaluate macroeconomic assumptions used in the allowance for credit losses model to ensure they reflect current and expected economic conditions.

The Company remains focused on its three strategic growth markets: Columbus, Ohio, Cincinnati/Dayton/Springfield, Ohio, and Indianapolis, Indiana. These markets continue to exhibit above-average population and employment growth, strong commercial activity, and resilient real estate fundamentals relative to broader economic trends. The Company's loan growth in these markets continues to be concentrated in commercial real estate lending, consistent with its strategic focus and relationship-based lending model. Forecasts for these markets are summarized below:

Columbus, Ohio – The Columbus MSA continues to experience steady economic conditions, driven by growth in healthcare and state government employment. Job creation in professional and design services indicates high activity in engineering and related consulting, and the housing market's high demand is supported by long-term population growth and regional investments. Despite the positive momentum, the market faces challenges such as persistent inflationary pressures, affordability constraints, and labor shortages across multiple industries.
Cincinnati/Dayton/Springfield, Ohio – The Cincinnati/Dayton/Springfield MSA is projected to experience moderate economic growth during 2026. Cincinnati leads the region in employment and GDP gains, supported by manufacturing, construction, and technology investments. Dayton is experiencing economic growth in manufacturing, aerospace, and defense alongside a tightening industrial real estate market. The region is experiencing continued growth supported by increased investment and declining industrial vacancy rates; labor demand remains stable. Ongoing labor market constraints, particularly in skilled trades and technology fields, persist. The region’s connection with Columbus as part of Ohio’s emerging Silicon Corridor enhances opportunities for investment, workforce development, and regional competitiveness.
Indianapolis, Indiana – The Indianapolis MSA continues to demonstrate moderate growth driven by investment in pharmaceutical manufacturing and ongoing urban revitalization initiatives. Downtown capital projects totaling approximately $6 billion are underway; the READI 2.0 program commits funding toward improving quality of life and infrastructure in the region. Inflation and tariff-related impacts on manufacturing present ongoing challenges; however, the region remains well positioned relative to peer metros due to its diversified and innovation-driven economy.
The overall economic outlook remains complex and uncertain, creating a challenging environment requiring continued vigilance and adaptability. Potential economic volatility could materially affect the Company’s loan and lease portfolio, including the allowance for credit losses. As a result, the Company expects that future estimates may fluctuate throughout the remainder of 2026.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Commitments
The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The estimate of expected losses on unfunded commitments is calculated based on the loss rate for the loan or lease segment in which the loan or lease commitments would be classified if funded, adjusted for the estimate of funding probability. Adjustments to the allowance, either additional provisions or reversals, are recorded in the provision for (reversal of) credit losses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20262025
Beginning balance$328 $558 
Provision for credit losses72 48 
Ending balance$400 $606