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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Income Taxes  
Income Taxes

7. Income Taxes

The Company recorded an income tax expense of $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $10.7 million. In accordance with applicable accounting rules, the interim provision for taxes is calculated using the estimated consolidated annual effective tax rate. The consolidated effective tax rate is a function of the combined effective tax rates for the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Variations in the relative proportions of jurisdictional income could result in fluctuations

to the Company’s consolidated effective tax rate. At the federal level, the Company’s income in the U.S. is taxed at 21%. Income in Mexico is taxed at 38.5% (30% income tax and 8.5% mining tax), and Canada’s income is taxed at a combined federal and provincial rate of 26.5%, which results in a consolidated effective tax rate above statutory U.S. Federal rates.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the “OBBBA”) was enacted in the U.S. The OBBBA permanently extends multiple tax provisions of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, as well as repeals, modifies, and introduces various other tax provisions. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. The Company does not anticipate the bill will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Mexico Valuation Allowance

The Company recorded a valuation allowance on all of the Mexico Income Tax net deferred tax assets in 2024 and has continued with a valuation allowance on all of the Mexico Income Tax net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2025. In accordance with applicable accounting rules, a valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, after considering all available evidence, both positive and negative. The Company determined a valuation allowance on Mexico Income Tax deferred tax assets was necessary due primarily to the recent losses at the Mexico mine.

Mexico Mining Taxation

Mining entities in Mexico are subject to two mining duties, in addition to the 30% Mexico corporate income tax: (i) a “special” mining duty of 8.5%, effective January 1, 2025, of taxable income as defined under Mexican tax law (also referred to as “mining royalty tax”) on extraction activities performed by concession holders, and (ii) the “extraordinary” mining duty of 1.0%, also effective January 1, 2025, on gross revenue from the sale of gold, silver, and platinum. The mining royalty tax generally applies to earnings before income tax, depreciation, depletion, amortization, and interest. In calculating the mining royalty tax, there are no corporate deductions related to depreciable costs from operational fixed assets. However, prospecting and exploration expenses are amortized using a 10% rate in a 10-year straight line. Both duties are tax deductible for income tax purposes. As a result, the Company’s effective tax rate applicable to the Company’s Mexican operations is higher than Mexico’s statutory income tax rate.

The Company periodically transfers funds from its Mexican wholly owned subsidiary to the U.S. as dividends. Mexico requires a 10% Mexico withholding tax on all post-2013 earnings. The Company began distributing post-2013 earnings from Mexico in 2018. According to the existing U.S. – Mexico tax treaty, the dividend withholding tax between these countries is reduced to 5% if certain requirements are met. The Company determined that it had met such requirements and paid a 5% withholding tax on dividends received from Mexico, and as a result, $0.1 million in withholding taxes was paid for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. At the end of 2024, the Company reviewed the tax treaty and believes that it qualifies for a 0% tax withholding. Going forward, the Company will apply a 0% tax withholding on any dividend payments from its Mexico subsidiary. No dividends from Mexico were received by the Company for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

In October 2023, the Company received a notification from the Mexican Tax Administration Services (“SAT”) with a sanction of 331 million pesos (approximately $18.0 million as of September 30, 2025) as the result of a 2015 tax audit that began in 2021. The 2015 tax audit performed by SAT encompassed various tax aspects, including but not limited to intercompany transactions, mining royalty tax, and extraordinary mining tax. Management is in process of disputing this tax notification and sent a letter of protest to the tax authorities along with providing all requested documentation. Management intends to pursue legal avenues of protest, including filing a lawsuit with the Mexico court system, if necessary, to ensure that these adjustments are removed. Management believes its position taken on the 2015 income tax return meets the more likely than not threshold and that as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has no liability for uncertain tax positions. If the Company were to determine there was an unrecognized tax benefit, the Company would recognize the liability and the related interest and penalties within income tax (benefit) provision.