<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>file002.txt
<DESCRIPTION>JOINT FILING AGREEMENT
<TEXT>
<PAGE>

                       SCHEDULE 13D JOINT FILING AGREEMENT


         The undersigned and each other person executing this joint filing
agreement (this "Agreement") agree that each of the undersigned is responsible
for the timely filing of this statement and any amendments thereto, and for the
completeness and accuracy of the information concerning such person contained
herein or therein; but none of the undersigned is responsible for the
completeness or accuracy of the information concerning any other persons making
the filing, unless such person knows or has reason to believe that such
information is inaccurate.

         In Witness Whereof, the undersigned have either signed this Agreement
or caused this Agreement to be signed by their respective officers thereunto
duly authorized as of the date set forth below.


Date: April 12, 2002


                                           /s/ Warren B. Kanders
                                           -------------------------------------
                                           Warren B. Kanders



                                           /s/ Burtt R. Ehrlich
                                           -------------------------------------
                                           Burtt R. Ehrlich



                                           /s/ Nicholas Sokolow
                                           -------------------------------------
                                           Nicholas Sokolow, individually and
                                           on behalf of S.T. Investors Fund, LLC


</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
