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<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001206774-11-000220.txt : 20110208
<SEC-HEADER>0001206774-11-000220.hdr.sgml : 20110208
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20110208161546
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001206774-11-000220
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-3
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		6
FILED AS OF DATE:		20110208
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20110208

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			AMTECH SYSTEMS INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000720500
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY, NEC [3559]
		IRS NUMBER:				860411215
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			AZ
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0930

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-3
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-172115
		FILM NUMBER:		11582806

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		131 S CLARK DR
		CITY:			TEMPE
		STATE:			AZ
		ZIP:			85281
		BUSINESS PHONE:		6029675146

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		131 SOUTH CLARK DRIVE
		CITY:			TEMPE
		STATE:			AZ
		ZIP:			85281

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	QUARTZ ENGINEERING & MATERIALS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19870715
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-3
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>amtech_s3.htm
<DESCRIPTION>REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR SPECIFIED TRANSACTIONS BY CERTAIN ISSUERS
<TEXT>
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<br>
<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 8, 2011</font></font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="right"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Registration No. 333-___</font></font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION<br>
</font></font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Washington, D.C. 20549 </font></font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="center">&#160;</div>

<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">FORM S-3 </font></font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">REGISTRATION STATEMENT<br>
UNDER <br>
</font></font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 </font></font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">AMTECH SYSTEMS, INC. <br>
</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter) </font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="">
<tr valign="bottom">
<td nowrap width="49%" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Arizona</font></font></td>
<td nowrap width="50%" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">86-0411215</font></font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td nowrap width="49%" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">(State or Other Jurisdiction of</font></td>
<td nowrap width="50%" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">(I.R.S. Employer</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td nowrap width="49%" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Incorporation or Organization)</font></td>
<td nowrap width="50%" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Identification Number)</font></td>
</tr></table>
</div>

<br>
<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">131 South Clark Drive<br>
Tempe, AZ 85281 <br>
</font></font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(480) 967-5146 <br>
</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(Address, including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, including Area Code of Registrant's Principal Executive Offices)</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> </font></font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Bradley C. Anderson<br>
Chief Financial Officer<br>
Amtech Systems, Inc<br>
131 South Clark Drive<br>
Tempe, AZ 85281<br>
(480) 967-5146 <br>
</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(Name, Address, including Zip Code and Telephone Number, including Area Code, of Agent For Service) </font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Copy to: <br>
</font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Christopher D. Johnson, Esq.<br>
Ryan J. Kretchmer, Esq. <br>
</font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Squire, Sanders &amp; Dempsey (US) LLP<br>
1 East Washington<br>
Suite 2700<br>
Phoenix, AZ 85004<br>
(602) 528-4000 <br>
_____________________________________________</font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to public: </font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement. </font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. <font face="Wingdings">o</font></font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font face="Wingdings"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or reinvestment plans, please check the following box. <font face="Wingdings">x</font></font></font></font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

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<br>
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. <font face="Wingdings">o</font></font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. <font face="Wingdings">o</font></font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. <font face="Wingdings">o</font></font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. <font face="Wingdings">o</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12B-2 of the Exchange Act. </font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="right">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="">
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<td nowrap valign="top" width="10%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Large Accelerated Filer&#160;<font style="FONT-FAMILY: wingdings">o</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman"> </font></div>
</td>
<td align="center" nowrap valign="top" width="20%">&#160;</td>
<td align="center" nowrap valign="top" width="10%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Accelerated Filer&#160;<font style="FONT-FAMILY: wingdings">x</font><font style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman"> </font></font></td>
<td align="center" nowrap valign="top" width="20%">&#160;</td>
<td align="center" nowrap valign="top" width="10%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Non-accelerated Filer&#160;<font style="FONT-FAMILY: wingdings">o</font><font style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman"> <br>
<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) </font></font></font></td>
<td align="center" nowrap valign="top" width="20%">&#160;</td>
<td align="right" nowrap valign="top" width="10%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Smaller Reporting Company <font style="FONT-FAMILY: wingdings">o</font></font></td>
</tr></table>
</div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">_____________________________________________</font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE </font></font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="PADDING-RIGHT: 4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; ">
<tr valign="bottom">
<td nowrap width="19%" style="BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="1" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Title of each class of<br>
securities to be<br>
registered (1)</font></font></td>
<td nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="1" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Amount to be registered<br>
(1)(2)</font></font></td>
<td nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="1" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Proposed maximum<br>
offering price per share<br>
(2)(3)</font></font></td>
<td nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="1" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Proposed maximum<br>
aggregate offering price<br>
(2)(3)</font></font></td>
<td nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="1" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Amount of registration<br>
fee (2)(4)</font></font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="19%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Common Stock, par</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="19%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">value $.01 per share</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="19%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Preferred Stock</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="19%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Debt Securities</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="19%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Warrants</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="19%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Units</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="19%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Total:</font></font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">$60,000,000</font></font></td>
<td nowrap width="20%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">$6,966</font></font></td>
</tr></table>
</div>

<br>
<div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; ">
<tr>
<td nowrap valign="top"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">(1)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font></td>
<td width="100%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">There are being registered under this registration statement such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock; such indeterminate principal amount of debt securities; such indeterminate number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities; and such indeterminate number of units as may be sold by the registrant from time to time, which together shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $60,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the offering price of such debt securities shall be in such greater principal amount at maturity as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $60,000,000, less the aggregate dollar amount of all securities previously issued hereunder. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered hereunder 
also include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock, amount of debt securities and warrants as may be issued upon conversion of or exchange for preferred stock or debt securities that provide for conversion or exchange; upon exercise of warrants; or pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the shares being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock as may be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.</font></td>
</tr></table>

<br>
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<br>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; ">
<tr>
<td nowrap valign="top"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">(2)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font></td>
<td width="100%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">In United States dollars or the equivalent thereof in any other currency, currency unit or units or composite currency or currencies.</font></td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="2">&#160;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td nowrap valign="top"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">(3)</font></td>
<td width="100%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">The proposed maximum per unit and aggregate offering prices per class of securities will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered under this registration statement and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D of Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.</font></td>
</tr><tr>
<td nowrap valign="top">&#160;</td>
<td width="100%">&#160;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td nowrap valign="top"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">(4)</font></td>
<td width="100%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Calculated in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. </font></div>
</td>
</tr></table>
</div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.</font></font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

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<br>
<div align="justify">
<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="">
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<td width="100%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">
<div align="justify"><font color="#ff0000" size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.</font></div>
</td>
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</div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED FEBRUARY 8, 2011</font></font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">PROSPECTUS</font></font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="center"><img src="amtech_logo.jpg"></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="4" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Amtech Systems, Inc.</font></font><br>
<font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">$60,000,000<br>
Common Stock<br>
Preferred Stock<br>
Debt Securities<br>
Warrants<br>
Units</font></font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">We may offer and sell from time to time, in one or more series or issuances and on terms that we will determine at the time of the offering, any combination of the securities described in this prospectus, up to an aggregate amount of $60,000,000.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>We will provide specific terms of any securities that we actually offer for sale in supplements to this prospectus. Any prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. The names of any underwriters, dealers or agents involved in the sale of our securities and their compensation will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. The net proceeds we expect to receive from such sales will be set forth in such prospectus supplement.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">This prospectus may not be used to sell securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement. </font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">You should carefully read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement as well as the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus before you purchase any of the securities offered hereby. This prospectus also covers common stock or preferred stock issuable upon exercise, conversion or exchange of warrants, rights and/or debt securities.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Market (&#8220;NASDAQ&#8221;) under the symbol &#8220;ASYS&#8221; and, on February 4, 2011, the reported last sale price of our common stock was $27.16. We will make application to list any shares of common stock sold by us under this prospectus and any prospectus supplement on NASDAQ. We will provide information in any applicable prospectus supplement regarding any listing of securities other than shares of our common stock on any securities exchange.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Our principal offices are located at 131 South Clark Drive, Tempe, Arizona 85281 and our telephone number is (480) 967-5146.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">YOU SHOULD CONSIDER THE RISKS THAT WE HAVE DESCRIBED IN THIS PROSPECTUS AND IN THE</font></font> <font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">ACCOMPANYING PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT BEFORE YOU INVEST. SEE &#8220;RISK FACTORS&#8221; ON PAGE 2.</font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has</font></font> <font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this</font></font> <font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">The date of this prospectus is _____________ ___, ______.</font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">TABLE OF CONTENTS</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> </font></div>

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<div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; ">
<tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap width="2%" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Page</font></font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%">&#160;</td>
<td nowrap width="2%" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">No</font><font style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">.</font></font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</font></td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="2%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">1</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</font></td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">1</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">RISK FACTORS</font></td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="2%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">2</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</font></td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">3</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</font></td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="2%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">3</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="97%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</font></td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">3</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENTS</font></td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="2%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">5</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">USE OF PROCEEDS</font></td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">5</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER</font></td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="2%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">5</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">DESCRIPTION OF COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK</font></td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">6</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES</font></td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="2%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">12</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS</font></td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">24</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">DESCRIPTION OF UNITS</font></td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="2%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">27</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES</font></td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">28</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</font></td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="2%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">32</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">LEGAL MATTERS</font></td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">34</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="97%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">EXPERTS</font></td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="2%" bgcolor="#cceeff"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">34</font></td>
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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">EXHIBITS </font></div>

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<td align="center" valign="top" width="1%">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">1.1*</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Underwriting Agreement </font></div>
</td>
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<td align="center" valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">4.1</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Incorporation, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Form S-1 Registration Statement No. 2-83934-LA </font></div>
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<td align="center" valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">4.2</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated April 27, 1983, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Form S-1 Registration Statement No. 2-83934-LA </font></div>
</td>
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<td align="center" valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">4.3</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated May 19, 1987, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 1987</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman"> </font></font></div>
</td>
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<td align="center" valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">4.4</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated May 2, 1988, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 1988 </font></div>
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<td align="center" valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">4.5</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated May 28, 1993, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Form S-1 Registration Statement (File No. 33-77368) </font></div>
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<td align="center" valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">4.6</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated March 14, 1999, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 1999 </font></div>
</td>
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<td align="center" valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">4.7</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Privileges of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, dated April 21, 2005, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 2005 </font></div>
</td>
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<td align="center" valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">4.8</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Amended and Restated Bylaws, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 8, 2008 </font></div>
</td>
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<td align="center" valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">4.9</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Amended and Restated Rights Agreement as of December 15, 2008, by and between Amtech Systems, Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., including the form of Certificate of Designation, the form of Rights Certificate and the Summary of Rights attached thereto as Exhibits A, B and C, respectively, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 15, 2008 </font></div>
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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">i</font></div>

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</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(continued) </font></div>

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<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">4.10</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Subscription Agreement for the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 2005 </font></div>
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<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">4.11*</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Specimen Certificate of Preferred Stock </font></div>
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<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">4.12*</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Warrant Agreement and Certificate </font></div>
</td>
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<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">4.13*</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Debt Security </font></div>
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<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">4.14</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Indenture </font></div>
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<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">4.15*</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Unit Agreement and Unit Certificate </font></div>
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<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">5.1</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Opinion of counsel regarding legality of securities </font></div>
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<td valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">12.1*</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Statement of Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges </font></div>
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<td valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">23.1</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Consent of counsel (included in Exhibit 5.1 hereto) </font></div>
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<td valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">23.2</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Consent of Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C. </font></div>
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<td valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">24.1</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Power of attorney </font></div>
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<td valign="top" width="2%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">25.1*</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="96%">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 of the Trustee under the Indenture </font></div>
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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">To be filed by amendment to this registration statement or by a report filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference. </font></div>
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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">ii</font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS </font></font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">This prospectus is part of a &#8220;shelf&#8221; registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). By using a shelf registration statement, we may offer and sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus, in one or more offerings from time to time over the next three years, up to a total dollar amount of $60,000,000. This prospectus provides you with general information. Each time we sell securities under this shelf registration statement, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement also may add, update or change information contained in the prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and the prospectus supplement related to any offering as well as additional information described under the headings &#8220;Incorporation By Reference&#8221; and &#8
220;Where You Can Find More Information.&#8221; </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">You should rely only on the information that we have provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement, any free writing prospectus or other written communication we may authorize to be delivered to you. We have not provided, and have not authorized anyone else to provide, you with different or additional information.</font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">This prospectus, any prospectus supplement, any free writing prospectus and any other written communication do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they specifically relate, nor does this prospectus, any prospectus supplement, any free writing prospectus or any other written communication constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus or in the documents incorporated by reference herein, any prospectus supplement, any free writing prospectus or other written communication is accurate as of any d
ate other than the date noted therein or, in the case of documents incorporated by reference, the filing date thereof, regardless of its time of delivery, and you should not consider any information in this prospectus or in the documents incorporated by reference herein, any prospectus supplement, any free writing prospectus or other written communication to be investment, legal or tax advice. We encourage you to consult your own counsel, accountant and other advisors for legal, tax, business, financial and related advice regarding an investment in our securities. </font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>For further information about our business and the securities, you should refer to the registration statement and its exhibits. The exhibits to our registration statement contain the full text of certain contracts and other important documents we have summarized in this prospectus. Since these summaries may not contain all the information that you may find important in deciding whether to purchase the securities we may offer, you should review the full text of these documents.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>This prospectus does not contain all the information provided in the registration statement we filed with the SEC. For further information about us or our securities offered hereby, you should refer to that registration statement, which you can obtain from the SEC as described below under the caption &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information.&#8221; </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>We may sell securities through underwriters or dealers, through agents, directly to purchasers or through a combination of these methods. We and our agents reserve the sole right to accept or reject, in whole or in part, any proposed purchase of securities. The prospectus supplement, which we will provide to you each time we offer securities, will set forth the names of any underwriters, agents or others involved in the sale of securities and any applicable fee, commission or discount arrangements with them. See the information described below under the caption &#8220;Plan of Distribution.&#8221; </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>In this prospectus, the terms &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;our,&#8221; &#8220;us,&#8221; &#8220;Amtech&#8221; and the &#8220;Company&#8221; refer to Amtech Systems, Inc., unless otherwise specified. </font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">PROSPECTUS SUMMARY </font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic">The following summary does not contain all of the information that may be important to purchasers of our securities. Prospective purchasers of securities should carefully review the detailed information and financial statements, including the notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus.</font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">1 </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Our Company</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Amtech was incorporated in Arizona in October 1981, under the name Quartz Engineering &amp; Materials, Inc. We changed to our present name in 1987. We conduct operations through four wholly-owned subsidiaries: Tempress Systems, Inc., a Texas corporation with all of its operations in The Netherlands, acquired in 1994, also referred to herein as Tempress Systems or Tempress&#174;; P.R. Hoffman Machine Products, Inc. (PR Hoffman), an Arizona corporation based in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, acquired in July 1997; Bruce Technologies, Inc. (Bruce Technologies&#174;), a Massachusetts corporation based in Billerica, Massachusetts, acquired in July 2004, or Bruce Technologies; and R2D Automation SAS (R2D), a French corporation located near Montpellier, France, acquired in October 2007. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>We are a leading supplier of horizontal diffusion furnace systems used for solar (photovoltaic) cell and semiconductor manufacturing, and are recognized in the markets we serve for our technology and our brands. We operate in two business segments: (i) solar and semiconductor equipment and (ii) polishing supplies. Our solar and semiconductor equipment is sold under the brand names of Tempress Systems and Bruce Technologies, which have customers in both the solar industry and the semiconductor industry. Within the solar industry, we provide diffusion and automation equipment to solar cell manufacturers. Within the semiconductor industry, we provide equipment to manufacturers of analog, power, automotive and microcontroller chips with geometries greater than 0.3 micron, a strategy we believe minimizes direct competition with significantly larger suppl
iers of semiconductor equipment. Under the PR Hoffman brand, we believe we are also a leading supplier of insert carriers to manufacturers of silicon wafers, and we provide lapping and polishing consumable products as well as equipment used in various industries. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>We have been providing manufacturing solutions to the semiconductor industry for over 30 years and are leveraging our semiconductor technology and industry presence in an effort to capitalize on growth opportunities in the solar industry. Our customers use our furnaces to manufacture solar cells, semiconductors, silicon wafers and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which are used in end markets such as solar power, telecommunications, consumer electronics, computers, automotive and hand-held devices. To complement our research and development efforts, we also sell our furnaces to research institutes and universities. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>For fiscal 2010, we recognized net revenue of $120.0 million, which included $99.0 million of solar revenue or approximately 83% of our total revenue. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Our Offices </font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>We maintain our principal executive offices at 131 South Clark Drive, Tempe, Arizona 85281. Our telephone number is (480) 967-5146. Our website is located at www.amtechsystems.com. Other than as described in &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information&#8221; below, the information on, or that can be accessed through, our web site is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement, and you should not consider it to be a part of this prospectus or any prospectus supplement. Our web site address is included as an inactive textual reference only. </font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">RISK FACTORS </font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties described under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, or any updates in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, together with all of the other information appearing in this prospectus or incorporated by reference into this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, before deciding whether to purchase any of the securities being registered pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Each of the risk factors could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition, as well as adversely affect the value of an investment in our securities, a
nd the occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or a part of your investment. </font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION </font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). You may access our filings through our website at www.amtechsystems.com, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practical after we electronically file them with or furnish them to the SEC. Other information contained in our website is not incorporated by reference in, and should not be considered a part of, this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement. You also may read and copy any document we file at the SEC&#8217;s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the Public Reference Room. Our SEC filings are also available to the
 public from the SEC&#8217;s website at www.sec.gov. </font></font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the SEC to register the securities offered hereby under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act). This prospectus does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement, including certain exhibits and schedules. You may obtain the registration statement and exhibits to the registration statement from the SEC at the address listed above or from the SEC&#8217;s website &#8211; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">www.sec.gov</font>.</font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>This prospectus and each prospectus supplement include and incorporate forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included or incorporated in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement regarding our strategy, prospects, plans, objectives, future operations, future revenue and earnings, projected margins and expenses, technological innovations, future products or product development, product development strategies, potential acquisitions or strategic alliances, the success of particular product or marketing programs, the amount of revenue generated as a result of sales to significant customers, financial position, and liquidity and anticipated cash needs and availability are forward-looking statements. The words &#
8220;anticipates,&#8221; &#8220;believes,&#8221; &#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;confident,&#8221; &#8220;estimates,&#8221; &#8220;expects,&#8221; &#8220;forecasts,&#8221; &#8220;hopes,&#8221; &#8220;intends,&#8221; &#8220;likely,&#8221; &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;plans,&#8221; &#8220;possible,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;predicts,&#8221; &#8220;projects,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;would&#8221; and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Actual results or events could differ materially from the forward-looking statements we make. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are the factors discussed under the &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; heading in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2010. We also will include or incorporate by reference in each prospectus supplement important factors that we believe could cause actual results or events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements that we make. Should one or more known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results could differ materially from past results and those anticipated, estimated, projected or implied by these forward-looking statements. You should consider these factors and the other caut
ionary statements made in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or the documents we incorporate by reference in this prospectus as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or the documents incorporated by reference. While we may elect to update forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or the documents incorporated by reference, we do not assume, and specifically disclaim, any obligation to do so, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make.</font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>This prospectus constitutes a part of a registration statement on Form S-3 filed under the Securities Act. As permitted by the SEC&#8217;s rules, this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, which form a part of the registration statement, do not contain all the information that is included in the registration statement. You will find additional information about us in the registration statement. Any statements made in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement concerning legal documents are not necessarily complete and you should read the documents that are filed as exhibits to the registration statement or otherwise filed with the SEC for a more complete understanding of the document or matter.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information that we incorporate by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus. Information that we file with the SEC in the future and incorporate by reference in this prospectus automatically updates and supersedes previously filed information as applicable.</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">We incorporate by reference into this prospectus the following documents filed by us with the SEC, other than any portion of any such documents that are not deemed &#8220;filed&#8221; under the Exchange Act in accordance with the Exchange Act and applicable SEC rules:</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> </font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2010<br>
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<li>Quarterly Report on&#160;Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2010<br>
&#160; </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 18, 2010&#160;<br>
&#160;</font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 23, 2010<br>
&#160;</font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 26, 2011<br>
&#160;</font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on&#160;February &#160;1, 2011&#160;<br>
&#160;</font></font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">The information specifically incorporated by reference into our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2010 from our definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on December 21, 2010. <br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">The description of our common stock contained in the Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC, including any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description. </font></font></font></font></li>
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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We also incorporate by reference into this prospectus all documents (other than any portions of any such documents that are not deemed &#8220;filed&#8221; under the Exchange Act in accordance with the Exchange Act and applicable SEC rules) filed by us under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of the initial registration statement and before effectiveness of the registration statement, and after the date of this prospectus. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>You may request a copy of these filings, which we shall deliver to you, together with all exhibits thereto, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us as follows:</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Amtech Systems, Inc. <br>
</font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Attention: Corporate Secretary<br>
131 South Clark Drive<br>
Tempe, Arizona 85281<br>
(480) 967-5146 </font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Any statement contained in a document that is incorporated by reference will be modified or superseded for all purposes to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement, or in any other document that is subsequently filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference, modifies or is contrary to that previous statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed a part of this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement, except as so modified or superseded. Since information that we later file with the SEC will update and supersede previously incorporated information, you should look at all of the SEC filings that we incorporate
 by reference to determine if any of the statements in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement or in any documents previously incorporated by reference have been modified or superseded. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">4 </font></font></font></font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENTS </font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>This prospectus provides you with a general description of the proposed offering of our securities. Each time that we sell securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may add to, update or change information contained in this prospectus and should be read as superseding this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional information described under the headings &#8220;Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference&#8221; and &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information.&#8221; </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;<font style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal">&#160;&#160;&#160; </font></font><font style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal">The prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any offering of securities, including the offering price to the public in that offering, the purchase price and net proceeds of that offering, and the other specific terms related to that offering of securities.</font></font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"
><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> </font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">USE OF PROCEEDS </font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Except as may be otherwise set forth in any prospectus supplement accompanying this prospectus, we will use the net proceeds we receive from sales of securities offered hereby for general corporate purposes, which may include the repayment of indebtedness outstanding from time to time and for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and repurchases of our common stock or other securities. Pending these uses, the net proceeds may also be temporarily invested in short-term securities. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER </font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>The descriptions of the securities contained in this prospectus, together with the applicable prospectus supplements, summarize the material terms and provisions of the various types of securities that we may offer. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any securities the particular terms of the securities offered by that prospectus supplement. If we indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, the terms of the securities may differ from the terms we have summarized below. We will also include in the prospectus supplement information, when applicable, about material U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to the securities and the securities exchange, i
f any, on which the securities will be listed. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>We may sell from time to time, in one or more offerings, any one or more of the following: </font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">common stock, including the associated rights;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">preferred stock;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">debt securities;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and/or warrants in any combination; or<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any combination of the foregoing securities. </font></font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">In this prospectus, we refer to the common stock (including the associated rights), preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units collectively as &#8220;securities.&#8221; The total dollar amount of all securities that we may issue under this prospectus will not exceed $60,000,000. </font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>If we issue debt securities at a discount from their original stated principal amount, then, for purposes of calculating the total dollar amount of all securities issued under this prospectus, we will treat the initial offering price of the debt securities as the total original principal amount of the debt securities. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">5 </font></font></font></font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">DESCRIPTION OF COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>This section describes the general terms of our common stock and preferred stock. A prospectus supplement may provide information that is different from this prospectus. If the information in a prospectus supplement with respect to our common stock or preferred stock being offered differs from this prospectus, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement. A copy of our articles of incorporation, as amended, and certificate of designation, has been incorporated by reference from our filings with the SEC as an exhibit to the registration statement.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Common Stock </font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Our common stock and the rights of the holders of our common stock are subject to the applicable provisions of Arizona law, our articles of incorporation, our by-laws, as amended, and the rights of the holders of our preferred stock, if any. Certain provisions of Arizona law and our articles of incorporation and by-laws are described under the heading &#8220;Certain Provisions of Arizona Law and the Company&#8217;s Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws&#8221; below.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">As of&#160;December 31, 2010, under our articles of incorporation, we had the authority to issue 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $.01 per share, of which 9,408,815</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> </font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">shares of our common stock were outstanding as of that date. As of&#160;December 31, 2010, we had outstanding (i) stock options to purchase 612,290 shares of our common stock, of which 205,068 shares of common stock were issuable upon exercise of vested stock options as of that date and (ii) 126,892 undelivered shares of restricted common stock. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Voting Rights</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. Each outstanding share of our common stock is entitled to one vote per share of record on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders and to vote together as a single class for the election of directors and in respect of other corporate matters. At a meeting of shareholders at which a quorum is present, all questions other than the contested election of directors shall be decided by determining if the votes cast by shareholders favoring the action exceed the votes casts by shareholders opposing the action, without regard to abstentions, unless the matter i
s one upon which a different vote is required by express provision of Arizona law, the NASDAQ or our articles of incorporation or by-laws. Directors, in a contested election, will be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares present at a meeting. Holders of shares of common stock have cumulative voting rights with respect to the election of directors. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Dividends</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends or other distributions when, as and if declared by our board of directors. The right of our board of directors to declare dividends, however, is subject to any rights of the holders of other classes of our capital stock and the availability of sufficient funds under Arizona law to pay dividends. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Preemptive Rights</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. Other than as described under the heading &#8220;Stockholders&#8217; Rights Plan&#8221; below, the holders of our common stock do not have preemptive rights to purchase or subscribe for any of our capital stock or other securities.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Redemption</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. The shares of our common stock are not subject to redemption by operation of a sinking fund or otherwise. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Liquidation Rights</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of other classes of our capital stock, the holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to receive any of our assets available for distribution to our shareholders ratably in proportion to the number of shares held by them. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Listing</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ under the symbol &#8220;ASYS.&#8221; </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Transfer Agent and Registrar</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Computershare Trust Company, 350 Indiana Street, Suite 800, Golden, Colorado 80401. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">6 </font></font></font></font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Preferred Stock </font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>A certificate of designation or amendment to our articles of incorporation will specify the terms of the preferred stock being offered, and will be filed or incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement before the preferred stock is issued. The following description of our preferred stock, and any description of the preferred stock in a prospectus supplement, may not be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, Arizona law and the actual terms and provisions contained in our articles of incorporation and bylaws, each as amended from time to time. </font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>As of&#160;December 31, 2010, under our articles of incorporation, we had the authority to issue 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, which are issuable in series on terms to be determined by our board of directors. Accordingly, our board of directors is authorized, without action by the shareholders, to issue preferred stock from time to time with such dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting and other rights and restrictions as it may determine. As of&#160;December 31, 2010, our board of directors had designated 540,000 shares as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Series A Preferred Stock"), but no shares of the Series A Preferred Stock were outstanding. No Series A Preferred Stock w
ill be issued in connection with this registration statement, rather new series of preferred stock with different rights from the Series A Preferred Stock may be issued. </font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>The terms of any particular series of preferred stock will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to that particular series of preferred stock, including, where applicable: </font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the title and stated value of the preferred stock; <br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the number of shares of preferred stock to be issued and the offering price of the preferred stock; <br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any dividend rights;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any dividend rates, periods, or payment dates, or methods of calculation of dividends applicable to the preferred stock;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the date from which distributions on the preferred stock shall accumulate, if applicable;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which the preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock, including the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof);<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any right to convert the preferred stock into a different type of security;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any rights and preferences upon our liquidation or winding up of our affairs;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any terms of redemption;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any, for the preferred stock;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the provisions for a sinking fund, if any, for the preferred stock;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">a discussion of federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred stock;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred stock as to distribution rights (including whether any liquidation preference as to the preferred stock will be treated as a liability for purposes of determining the availability of assets for distributions to holders of stock ranking junior to the shares of preferred stock as to distribution rights);</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">7</font></font></font></font></div>

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</font></font></font>

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<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any limitations on issuance of any series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the series of preferred stock being offered as to distribution rights and rights upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up or our affairs; </font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">and<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any other specific terms, preferences, rights, limitations, or restrictions of the preferred stock. </font></font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Registrar and Transfer Agent</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. The registrar and transfer agent for our preferred stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Certain Provisions of Arizona Law and The Company&#8217;s Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws </font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Certain provisions of our articles of incorporation and by-laws, as amended, and Arizona law could make our acquisition by a third party, a change in our incumbent management or a similar change in control more difficult, including: </font></font></font></font></div>

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<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">an acquisition of us by means of a tender or exchange offer;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">an acquisition of us by means of a proxy contest or otherwise; or <br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the removal of a majority or all of our incumbent officers and directors. </font></font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>These provisions, which are summarized below, are likely to discourage certain types of coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors. We believe that these provisions help to protect our potential ability to negotiate with the proponent of an unfriendly or unsolicited proposal to acquire or restructure us, and that this benefit outweighs the potential disadvantages of discouraging such a proposal because our ability to negotiate with the proponent could result in an improvement of the terms of the proposal. The existence of these provisions which are
 described below could limit the price that investors might otherwise pay in the future for our securities. This description is intended as a summary only and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our articles of incorporation and by-laws, as well as Arizona law. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Articles of Incorporation, By-laws and Arizona Law </font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Authorized But Unissued Capital Stock</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. We have shares of common stock and preferred stock available for future issuance without shareholder approval, subject to any limitations imposed by the listing standards of the NASDAQ. We may utilize these additional shares for a variety of corporate purposes, including for future public offerings to raise additional capital or facilitate corporate acquisitions or for payment as a dividend on our capital stock. The existence of unissued and unreserved common stock and preferred stock may enable our board of directors to issue shares to
 persons friendly to current management or to issue preferred stock with terms that could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or could discourage a third party from seeking to acquire, a controlling interest in the Company by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise. In addition, if we issue preferred stock, the issuance could adversely affect the likelihood that such holders will receive dividend payments and payments upon liquidation. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">8</font></font></font></font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Blank Check Preferred Stock</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. Our board of directors, without shareholder approval, has the authority under our articles of incorporation, as amended, to issue preferred stock with rights superior to the rights of the holders of common stock. As a result, preferred stock could be issued quickly and easily, could impair the rights of holders of common stock and could be issued with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control or make removal of management more difficult. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Number of Directors; Removal; Filling Vacancies</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. Our articles of incorporation, as amended, provide that the number of directors shall be fixed by the by-laws, as amended, which our board of directors can amend without shareholder approval. Our by-laws default to Arizona law with respect to the removal of directors. Arizona law provides that directors may be removed with or without cause where the votes cast by shareholders opposing the action would not be sufficient to elect the director under cumulative voting. A vote to remove one or more directors must be taken at a shar
eholder&#8217;s meeting at which a quorum is present where one of the purposes of the meeting is to remove one or more directors. A director cannot be removed by written consent of shareholders unless written consents are obtained from the holders of all the outstanding shares entitled to vote on the removal of the director. Our by-laws provide that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled by a majority vote of the remaining directors, though not less than a quorum. Arizona law also provides that shareholders may fill any vacancy on our board of directors.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Shareholder Meetings and Action</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. Our by-laws, as amended, provide that shareholders can only call a special meeting with the approval of holders of not less than fifty percent (50%) of all votes entitled to be cast on any issue proposed to be considered at the proposed special meeting. Our by-laws also provide that the business of special meetings of shareholders shall be confined to the purposes stated in the notice of the meeting. These provisions may discourage another person or entity from making a tender offer, unless it acquired a majority of our outstanding voting sto
ck, because the person or entity could only take action at a duly called shareholders&#8217; meeting relating to the business specified in the notice of meeting and not by written consent. Arizona law provides that shareholders may act outside of a meeting if one or more written consents describing the action taken are signed by the holders of outstanding shares having one hundred percent (100%) of the votes entitled to be cast at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote on the action were present and voted. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Anti-Takeover Effects of Various Provisions of Arizona Law</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Arizona Revised Statutes (&#8220;ARS&#8221;) Sections 10-2701 et seq. were adopted by the Arizona legislature in an attempt to prevent corporate &#8220;greenmail&#8221; and restrict the ability of a potential suitor to acquire domestic corporations. These statutes generally apply to business combinations or control share acquisitions of &#8220;issuing public corporations,&#8221; which defined term includes Amtech. The provisions summarized below could discourage, deter, delay or impede a tender offer or other attempt to acquire control of Amtech.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Arizona Business Combination Statute</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. The Arizona business combination statute would limit our ability to engage in Business Combinations with Interested Shareholders (each as defined below).</font><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Business Combination&#8221; means any (A) merger or consolidation of Amtech or any subsidiary of Amtech with an Interested Shareholder, (B) exchange of shares of the Amtech&#8217;s common stock or any subsidiary for shares of an Interested Shareholder, or (C) sale, lease, transfer or other disposition to or with an Interested Shareholder of 10% or more of the consolidated assets of Amtech. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Interested Shareholder&#8221; means any person other than Amtech or a subsidiary of Amtech that is either (A) a direct or indirect beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the outstanding common stock of Amtech or (B) an affiliate of Amtech who at any time during the three years immediately before the date in question was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding common stock of Amtech.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Share Acquisition Date&#8221; means the date that a person first becomes an Interested Shareholder of Amtech.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">9</font></font></font></font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Business Combinations Within Three Years After Share Acquisition Date. For three years after an Interested Shareholder&#8217;s Share Acquisition Date, Amtech may not directly or indirectly engage in any Business Combination with an Interested Shareholder or any affiliate of an Interested Shareholder unless, before the Interested Shareholder&#8217;s Share Acquisition Date, a committee of disinterested directors approved either:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the Business Combination; or</font><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the acquisition of common stock made by the Interested Shareholder on the Interested Shareholder&#8217;s Share Acquisition Date.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Business Combinations More Than Three Years After Share Acquisition Date. If a committee of disinterested directors has not approved the Business Combination or the acquisition of common stock as provided above, Amtech may not directly or indirectly engage in any Business Combination with an Interested Shareholder or any affiliate of an Interested Shareholder unless: </font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the Business Combination is consummated no earlier than three years after the Interested Shareholder&#8217;s Share Acquisition Date, and before the Share Acquisition Date, Amtech&#8217;s Board of Directors approved either</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<ul type="circle" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 42pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the Business Combination; or<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the acquisition of common stock made by the Interested Shareholder on the Share Acquisition Date;</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the Business Combination is approved no earlier than three years after the Interested Shareholder&#8217;s Share Acquisition Date by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting shares of the common stock of Amtech (excluding shares of common stock beneficially owned by the Interested Shareholder or any affiliate thereof); or<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the Business Combination is consummated no earlier than three years after the Interested Shareholder&#8217;s Share Acquisition Date and meets certain specified conditions designed to ensure against discriminatory pricing.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Arizona Control Share Acquisition Statute</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. The Arizona control share acquisition statute would limit the voting rights of a person who acquires shares of Amtech under certain circumstances in a control share acquisition (as defined below). </font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Control Share Acquisition means an acquisition, directly or indirectly (in one or more transactions within 120 days or pursuant to a plan), by a person of beneficial ownership of shares of common stock of Amtech that would, but for the limitations in the control share acquisition statute, entitle the acquiring person to exercise a new range of voting power within the following specified ranges: (A) at least 20% but less than 33-1/3%, (B) at least 33-1/3% but less than or equal to 50% and (C) over 50%.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Within ten days after a Control Share Acquisition, the acquiring person must deliver to the corporation an information statement specifying, among other things, the range of voting power in the election of directors that, but for the limitations in the statute, the acquiring person believes would result from the Control Share Acquisition. At the time of delivery of the information statement, the acquiring person may request that a special meeting of shareholders be called to consider the voting rights of &#8220;excess&#8221; shares (referred to below).</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>To the extent that shares of common stock of Amtech acquired in a Control Share Acquisition exceed the threshold of voting power of any of the next specified range of voting power, such &#8220;excess&#8221; shares will have the same voting rights as other shares of common stock for election of directors but will not have the right to vote on other matters unless approved by a shareholder resolution at an annual or special meeting. Such resolution must be approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting shares of common stock (excluding shares owned by the acquiring person, its affiliates or any officer or director of Amtech).</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>The status of voting rights of &#8220;excess&#8221; shares is not required to be presented for consideration at any meeting of shareholders unless, at the time of delivery of the information statement referred to above, the acquiring person has entered into a definitive financing agreement for any financing of the acquisition not to be provided by monies of the acquiring person.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">10</font></font></font></font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">If an acquiring person fails to deliver the required information statement within ten days after a Control Share Acquisition or if the Companies&#8217; shareholders have voted not to accord voting rights to an acquiring person&#8217;s &#8220;excess&#8221; shares referred to above, then Amtech may call for the redemption of such &#8220;excess&#8221; shares at the fair market value of those shares at the time the call for redemption is given. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Stockholder Rights&#8217; Plan </font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>On December 15, 2008, we entered into an Amended and Restated Rights Agreement (the &#8220;Restated Rights Agreement&#8221;) with Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as Rights Agent, which amended and restated the terms governing the previously authorized shareholder rights (each a &#8220;Right&#8221;) to purchase fractional shares of the Company&#8217;s Series A Participating Preferred Stock currently attached to each of the outstanding Common Shares of the Company. As amended, each Right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of Series A Preferred at an exercise price of $51.60 (the &#8220;Exercise Price&#8221;), subject to adjustment. The plan 
is currently set to expire on December 14, 2018. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Limitation of Liability and Indemnification</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Pursuant to Amtech&#8217;s Articles of Incorporation, it shall indemnify any and all of its existing and former directors, officers, employees and agents against all expenses incurred by them and each of them, including, but not limited to legal fees, judgments, penalties and amounts paid in settlement or compromise, which may arise or be incurred, rendered, or levied in any legal action brought or threatened against any of them for or on account of any action or omission alleged to have been committed while acting within the scope of employment as director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, whether or not any action is or has been filed against them and whether or not any settlement or 
compromise is approved by a court, indemnification shall be made by the Company whether the legal action brought or threatened is by or in the right of the Company or by any other person. Whenever any existing or former director, officer, employee, or agent shall report to the President of the Company or the chairman of the Board of Directors that he or she has incurred or may incur expenses, including, but not limited to, legal fees, judgments, penalties and amounts paid in settlement or compromise in a legal action brought or threatened against him or her for or on account of any action or omission alleged to have been committed by him or her while acting within the scope of his or her employment as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, the Board of Directors shall, at its next regular or at a special meeting held within a reasonable time thereafter, determine in good faith, whether in regard to the matter involved in the action or contemplated action, such person acted, failed to act, or 
refused to act willfully or with gross negligence or with fraudulent or criminal intent. If the Board of Directors determines, in good faith, that such person did not act, fail to act, or refuse to act willfully or with gross negligence or with fraudulent or criminal intent, in regard to the matter involved in the action or contemplated action, such person acted, failed to act, or refused to act willfully or with gross negligence or with fraudulent criminal intent, indemnification shall be mandatory and shall be automatically extended as specified herein; provided, that the Company shall have the right to refuse indemnification in any instance in which the person to whom indemnification would otherwise have been applicable shall have unreasonably refused to permit the Company, at its own expense and through counsel of its own choosing, to defend him or her in the action.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Section 10-851 of Arizona&#8217;s Revised Statutes enables a corporation to eliminate or limit personal liability of members of its board of directors for violations of their fiduciary duty of care. However, Arizona law does not permit the elimination of a director&#8217;s or officer&#8217;s liability: (i) in connection with a proceeding by or in the right of the corporation in which the director was adjudged liable to the corporation; and (ii) in connection with any other proceeding charging improper financial benefit to the director, whether or not involving action in the director&#8217;s official capacity, in which the director was adjudged liable on the basis that financial benefit was improp
erly received by the director.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling Amtech pursuant to the foregoing provision, Amtech has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in such Act and is therefore unenforceable. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">11</font></font></font></font></div>

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</font></font></font>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES </font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>This prospectus describes certain general terms and provisions of the debt securities we may offer under this prospectus and one or more prospectus supplements. When we offer to sell a particular series of debt securities, we will describe the specific terms of the series in a prospectus supplement. The following description of debt securities will apply to the debt securities offered by this prospectus unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement for a particular series of debt securities may specify different or additional terms.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">We may issue &#8220;senior,&#8221; &#8220;senior subordinated,&#8221; or &#8220;subordinated&#8221; debt securities. &#8220;Senior securities&#8221; will be direct obligations of ours and will rank equally and ratably in right of payment with other indebtedness of ours that is not subordinated. &#8220;Senior subordinated securities&#8221; will be subordinated in right of payment to the prior payment in full of senior indebtedness, as defined in the applicable prospectus supplement, and may rank equally and ratably with the senior subordinated notes and any other senior subordinated indebtedness. &#8220;Subordinated securities&#8221; will be subordinated in right of payment to senior subordinated securities.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We need not issue all debt securities of one series at the same time. Unless we provide otherwise, we may reopen a series, without the consent of the holders of such series, for issuances of additional securities of that series.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We will issue the senior debt securities and senior subordinated debt securities under a senior indenture, which we will enter into with the trustee to be named in the senior indenture, and we will issue the subordinated debt securities under a subordinated indenture, which we will enter into with the trustee to be named in the subordinated indenture. We use the term &#8220;indenture&#8221; or &#8220;indentures&#8221; to refer to both the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture. Each indenture will be subject to and governed by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or the Trust Indenture Act, and we may supplement the indenture from time to time. Any trustee under any indenture may resi
gn or be removed with respect to one or more series of debt securities, and we may appoint a successor trustee to act with respect to that series. We have filed a form of indenture as an exhibit to this registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part. The terms of the senior indenture and subordinated indenture will be substantially similar, except that the subordinated indenture will include provisions pertaining to the subordination of the subordinated debt securities and senior subordinated debt securities to the senior debt securities and any other of our senior securities. The following statements relating to the debt securities and the indenture are summaries only, are subject to change and are qualified in their entirety to the detailed provisions of the indenture, any supplemental indenture and the discussion contained in any prospectus supplements.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">General</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The debt securities will be our direct obligations. We may issue debt securities from time to time and in one or more series as our board of directors may establish by resolution or as we may establish in one or more supplemental indentures. The particular terms of each series of debt securities will be described in a prospectus supplement relating to the series. We may issue debt securities with terms different from those of debt securities that we previously issued.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We may issue debt securities from time to time and in one or more series with the same or various maturities, at par, at a premium or at a discount. We will set forth in a prospectus supplement, relating to any series of debt securities being offered, the initial offering price and the following terms of the debt securities:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the title of the debt securities;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the series designation and whether they are senior securities, senior subordinated securities or subordinated securities;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities and any limit on the aggregate amount of the series of debt securities;</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">12</font></font></font></font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount) at which we will issue the debt securities and, if other than the principal amount of the debt securities, the portion of the principal amount of the debt securities payable upon the maturity of the debt securities;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the date or dates on which we will pay the principal on the debt securities;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or the method used to determine the rate or rates (including any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the debt securities will bear interest, the date or dates from which interest will accrue, the date or dates on which interest will commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the place where principal, interest and any additional amounts will be payable and where the debt securities can be surrendered for transfer, exchange or conversion;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the terms, if any, by which holders of the debt securities may convert or exchange the debt securities for our common stock, preferred stock or any other security or property;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">if convertible, the initial conversion price, the conversion period and any other terms governing such conversion;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any subordination provisions or limitations relating to the debt securities;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any sinking fund requirements;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any obligation we have to redeem or purchase the debt securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a holder of debt securities;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the dates on which and the price or prices at which we will repurchase the debt securities at the option of the holders of debt securities and other detailed terms and provisions of these repurchase obligations;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the denominations in which the debt securities will be issued, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the portion of principal amount of the debt securities payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity date, if other than the principal amount;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">whether we will issue the debt securities in certificated or book-entry form;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">whether the debt securities will be in registered or bearer form and, if in registered form, the denominations if other than in even multiples of $1,000 and, if in bearer form, the denominations and terms and conditions relating thereto;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of principal of, premium, and interest on the debt securities will be made;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">if payments of principal of, and interest and any additional amounts on, the debt securities will be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which the debt securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to these payments will be determined;</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">13</font></font></font></font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of, and interest and any additional amounts on, the debt securities will be determined, if these amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies other than that in which the debt securities are denominated or designated to be payable or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any applicability of the defeasance provisions described in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">whether and under what circumstances, if any, we will pay additional amounts on any debt securities in respect of any tax, assessment or governmental charge and, if so, whether we will have the option to redeem the debt securities instead of making this payment;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any addition to or change in the events of default described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities and any change in the acceleration provisions described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any addition to or change in the covenants described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">if the debt securities are to be issued upon the exercise of debt warrants, the time, manner and place for them to be authenticated and delivered;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any securities exchange on which we will list the debt securities;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any provisions relating to any security provided for the debt securities;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any other terms of the debt securities, which may modify or delete any provision of the indenture as it applies to that series; and</font> <br>
&#160; </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to the debt securities.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">We may issue debt securities that are exchangeable for or convertible into shares of our common stock or other securities or property. The terms, if any, on which the debt securities may be exchanged for or converted into shares of our common stock or other securities or property will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Such terms may include provisions for conversion, either mandatory, at the option of the holder, or at our option, in which case the number of shares of common stock or other securities or property to be received by the holders of debt securities would be calculated as of a time and in the manner stated in the prospectus supplement.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We may issue debt securities at less than the principal amount payable upon maturity. We refer to these securities as &#8220;original issue discount securities.&#8221; If material or applicable, we will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement special U.S. federal income tax, accounting and other considerations applicable to original issue discount securities.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">14</font></font></font></font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If we denominate the purchase price of any of the debt securities in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, or if the principal of, and interest and any additional amounts on, any series of debt securities is payable in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, we will provide you with information on the restrictions, elections, general tax considerations, specific terms and other information with respect to that issue of debt securities and such foreign currency or currencies or foreign currency unit or units in the applicable prospectus supplement.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Except as may be set forth in any prospectus supplement relating to the debt securities, an indenture will not contain any other provisions that would limit our ability to incur indebtedness or that would afford holders of the debt securities protection in the event of a highly leveraged or similar transaction involving us or in the event of a change in control. You should review carefully the applicable prospectus supplement for information with respect to events of default and any covenants applicable to the debt securities being offered.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Payments and Paying Agents</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We will pay principal of, and interest and any additional amounts on, the debt securities of a particular series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that, unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may make interest payments by check, which we will mail to the holder, or by wire transfer to certain holders. Unless we otherwise indicate in a prospectus supplement, we will designate the corporate trust office of the trustee as our sole paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any other paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular
 series.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Form, Transfer and Exchange</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Each debt security will be represented by either one or more global securities registered in the name of The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, known as DTC, as depositary, or a nominee of the depositary (as a &#8220;book-entry debt security&#8221;), or a certificate issued in definitive registered form (as a &#8220;certificated debt security&#8221;), as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Except as described under &#8220;Global Debt Securities and Book-Entry System&#8221; below, book-entry debt securities will not be issuable in certificated form.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Certificated Debt Securities</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>You may transfer or exchange certificated debt securities at the trustee&#8217;s office or paying agencies in accordance with the terms of the indenture. No service charge will be made for any transfer or exchange of certificated debt securities, but we may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with a transfer or exchange. </font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">You may transfer certificated debt securities and the right to receive the principal of, and interest and any additional amounts on, certificated debt securities only by surrendering the old certificate representing those certificated debt securities and either we or the trustee will reissue the old certificate to the new holder, or we or the trustee will issue a new certificate to the new holder.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">15</font></font></font></font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Global Debt Securities and Book-Entry System</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Each global debt security representing book-entry debt securities will be deposited with, or on behalf of, the depositary, and registered in the name of the depositary or a nominee of the depositary. Ownership of beneficial interests in book-entry debt securities will be limited to persons that have accounts with the depositary for the related global debt security, whom we refer to as participants, or persons that may hold interests through participants.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Except as described in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement, beneficial owners of book-entry debt securities will not be entitled to have securities registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of a certificate in definitive form representing securities and will not be considered the owners or holders of those securities under the indenture. Accordingly, to exercise any rights of a holder under the indenture, each person beneficially owning book-entry debt securities must rely on the procedures of the depositary for the related global debt security and, if that person is not a participant, on the procedures of the participant through which 
that person owns its interest.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We understand, however, that under existing industry practice, the depositary will authorize the persons on whose behalf it holds a global debt security to exercise certain rights of holders of debt securities, and the indenture provides that we, the trustee and our respective agents will treat as the holder of a debt security the persons specified in a written statement of the depositary with respect to that global debt security for purposes of obtaining any consents or directions required to be given by holders of the debt securities pursuant to the indenture.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We will make payments of principal of, and interest and any additional amounts on, book-entry debt securities to the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered holder of the related global debt security. We, the trustee and any other agent of ours or agent of the trustee will not have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in a global debt security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Any certificated debt securities issued in exchange for a global debt security will be registered in such name or names as the depositary shall instruct the trustee. We expect that such instructions will be based upon directions received by the depositary from participants with respect to ownership of book-entry debt securities relating to such global debt security.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>For additional discussion of book entry and certificated securities, see the section entitled &#8220;Legal Ownership of Securities&#8221; included in this prospectus. We have obtained the foregoing information in this section and the &#8220;Legal Ownership of Securities&#8221; section concerning the depositary and the depositary&#8217;s book-entry system from sources we believe to be reliable. We take no responsibility for the depositary&#8217;s performance of its obligations under the rules and regulations governing its operations.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">No Protection in the Event of a Change in Control</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will not contain any provisions that may afford holders of the debt securities protection in the event we have a change in control or in the event of a highly leveraged transaction (whether or not such transaction results in a change in control).</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Covenants</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will not contain any restrictive covenants, including covenants restricting us or any of our subsidiaries from incurring, issuing, assuming or guaranteeing any indebtedness secured by a lien on any of our or our subsidiaries&#8217; property or capital stock or restricting us or any of our subsidiaries from entering into any sale and leaseback transactions. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">16</font></font></font></font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Merger, Consolidation, and Sale of Assets </font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may not merge with or into or consolidate with, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of our properties and assets to, any person (a &#8220;successor person&#8221;), and we may not permit any person to merge into, or convey, transfer, or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to us, unless the following applies:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">either (a) Amtech Systems, Inc. is the surviving entity or (b) the successor person is a corporation, partnership, trust or other entity organized and validly existing under the laws of any United States domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes our obligations on the debt securities and under the indenture;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no event of default, and no event that, after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become an event of default, shall have occurred and be continuing under the indenture; and</font> <br>
&#160; </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">certain other conditions that may be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement are met.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>This covenant would not apply to any recapitalization transaction, a change in control of us or a transaction in which we incur a large amount of additional debt unless the transactions or change in control included a merger, consolidation, or transfer or lease of substantially all of our assets. Except as may be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, there are no covenants or other provisions in the indenture providing for a &#8220;put&#8221; right or increased interest or that would otherwise afford holders of debt securities additional protection in the event of a recapitalization transaction, a change in control of us or a transaction in which we incur a large amount of additional debt
.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Events of Default Under the Indenture</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, an &#8220;event of default&#8221; will mean, with respect to any series of debt securities, any of the following:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">default in the payment of any interest upon any debt security of that series when it becomes due and payable and continuance of that default for a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount of such payment is deposited by us with the trustee or with a paying agent before the expiration of the 30-day period);<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">default in the payment of principal of, or premium, if any, on any debt security of that series when due and payable either at maturity, redemption or otherwise;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as due in respect of any debt security of that series;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">default in the performance or breach of any other covenant or warranty by us in the indenture (other than a covenant or warranty that has been included in the indenture solely for the benefit of a series of debt securities other than that series) or in the debt security, which default continues uncured for a period of 90 days after we receive written notice from the trustee or we and the trustee receive written notice from the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series as provided in the indenture;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">we, pursuant to or within the meaning of any applicable bankruptcy law, commence a voluntary case, consent to the entry of an order for relief against us in an involuntary case, consent to the appointment of a custodian for all or substantially all of our property, make a general assignment for the benefit of our creditors or admit in writing our inability generally to pay our debts as they become due; or, similarly, a court enters an order or decree under any applicable bankruptcy law that provides for relief against us in an involuntary case, appoints a custodian for all or substantially all of our properties or orders our liquidation (and the order remains in effect for 90 days); and</font> <br>
&#160; </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any other event of default provided with respect to debt securities of that series that is included in any supplemental indenture or is described in the applicable prospectus supplement accompanying this prospectus.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">17</font></font></font></font></div>

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</div>

<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">No event of default with respect to a particular series of debt securities (except as to certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization) necessarily constitutes an event of default with respect to any other series of debt securities. An event of default may also be an event of default under our bank credit agreements or other debt securities in existence from time to time and under certain guaranties by us of any subsidiary indebtedness. In addition, certain events of default or an acceleration under the indenture may also be an event of default under some of our other indebtedness outstanding from time to time.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, if an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than certain events of our bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization), then the trustee or the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may, by written notice to us (and to the trustee if given by the holders), declare to be due and payable immediately the principal (or, if the debt securities of that series are discount securities, that portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) of and accrued and unpaid inter
est, if any, of all debt securities of that series. In the case of an event of default resulting from certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, the principal (or such specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, of all outstanding debt securities will become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act by the trustee or any holder of outstanding debt securities.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>At any time after an acceleration with respect to debt securities of a series has been made, but before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the trustee, the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may cancel the acceleration and annul its consequences if the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree and if all existing events of default with respect to that series have been cured or waived except nonpayment of principal (or such lesser amount) or interest that has become due solely because of the acceleration.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The indenture also provides that the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may waive any past default with respect to that series and its consequences, except a default involving the following:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">our failure to pay the principal of, and interest and any additional amounts on, any debt security; or<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">a covenant or provision contained in the indenture that cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the holders of each outstanding debt security affected by the default.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">The trustee is generally required to give notice to the holders of debt securities of each affected series within 90 days of a default actually known to a responsible officer of the trustee unless the default has been cured or waived. The indenture provides that the trustee may withhold notice to the holders of debt securities of any series of any default or event of default (except in payment on any debt securities of that series) with respect to debt securities of that series if it in good faith determines that withholding notice is in the interest of the holders of those debt securities.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the indenture will provide that the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under the indenture at the request or direction of any holder of any such outstanding debt securities unless the trustee receives indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense. Subject to certain rights of the trustee, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee with resp
ect to the debt securities of that series. The trustee may, however, refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with the indenture or any law or which may be unduly prejudicial to the holders of the debt securities of the applicable series not joining in the direction.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">18</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

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</div>

<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, no holder of any debt security of any series will have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to the indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any remedy under the indenture, unless:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">that holder has previously given to the trustee written notice of a continuing event of default with respect to debt securities of that series; and<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request, and offered reasonable indemnity, to the trustee to institute such proceeding as trustee, and the trustee shall not have received from the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series a direction inconsistent with that request and has failed to institute the proceeding within 60 days.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as provided in the subordination provisions, if any, the holder of any debt security will have an absolute and unconditional right to receive payment of the principal of, and any interest or additional amounts on, that debt security on or after the due dates expressed in that debt security and to institute suit for the enforcement of payment. </font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The indenture requires us, within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year, to furnish to the trustee a certificate as to compliance with the indenture, or, in the event of noncompliance, specify the noncompliance and the nature and status of the noncompliance. </font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Modification of Indenture and Waiver</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Except as specified below, modifications and amendments to the indenture require the approval of not less than a majority in principal amount of our outstanding debt securities. </font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Changes Requiring the Unanimous Approval</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We and the trustee may not make any modification or amendment to the indenture without the consent of the holder of each affected debt security then outstanding if that amendment will have any of the following results:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest, including default interest, on any debt security;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">reduce the principal of or any additional amounts on or change the fixed maturity of any debt security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation with respect to any series of debt securities;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">reduce the principal amount of discount securities payable upon acceleration of maturity;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">waive a default in the payment of the principal of, and interest or any additional amounts on, any debt security, except a rescission of acceleration of the debt securities of any series by the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding debt securities of that series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from that acceleration;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">make the principal of, or interest or any additional amounts on, any debt security payable in currency other than that stated in the debt security;</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">19</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<hr align="center" noshade width="100%">
<div id="PGBRK">
<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>
</div>

<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">change the place of payment on a debt security;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">change the currency or currencies of payment of the principal of, and any premium, make-whole payment, interest or additional amounts on, any debt security;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">impair the right to initiate suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to any debt security;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">reduce the percentage of holders of debt securities whose consent is needed to modify or amend an indenture, to waive compliance with certain provisions of an indenture or to waive certain defaults;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">reduce the percentage of the holders of outstanding debt securities of any series necessary to modify or amend the indenture, to waive compliance with provisions of the indenture or defaults and their consequences under the indenture or to reduce the quorum or voting requirements contained in the indenture;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">make any change that adversely affects the right to convert or exchange any debt security other than as permitted by the indenture or decrease the conversion or exchange rate or increase the conversion or exchange price of any such debt security;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">waive a redemption payment with respect to any debt security; or<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">make any change to certain provisions of the indenture relating to, among other things, the right of holders of debt securities to receive payment of the principal of, and interest and any additional amount on, those debt securities, the right of holders to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment or the right of holders to waive past defaults.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Changes Not Requiring Approval of Debt Holders</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">We and the trustee may modify or amend an indenture, without the consent of any holder of debt securities, for any of the following purposes:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">to evidence the succession of another person to us as obligor under the indenture;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">to add to our existing covenants additional covenants for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of debt securities, or to surrender any right or power conferred upon us in the indenture;</font> <br>
&#160; </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">to add events of default for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of debt securities;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">to add or change any provisions of the indenture to facilitate the issuance of, or to liberalize the terms of, debt securities in bearer form, or to permit or facilitate the issuance of debt securities in uncertificated form, provided that this action will not adversely affect the interests of the holders of the debt securities of any series in any material respect;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">to add, change or eliminate any provisions of the indenture, provided that any addition, change or elimination (a) shall neither (i) apply to any debt security of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of such provision nor (ii) modify the rights of the holder of any debt security with respect to such provision, or (b) shall become effective only when there are no outstanding debt securities;</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">20</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<hr align="center" noshade width="100%">
<div id="PGBRK">
<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>
</div>

<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">to establish additional series of debt securities;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">to secure previously unsecured debt securities;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">to establish the form or terms of debt securities of any series, including the provisions and procedures, if applicable, for the conversion or exchange of the debt securities into our common stock, preferred stock or other securities or property;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">to evidence and provide for the acceptance or appointment of a successor trustee or facilitate the administration of the trusts under the indenture by more than one trustee;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">to make any provision with respect to the conversion or exchange of rights of holders pursuant to the requirements of the indenture;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture, provided that the action does not adversely affect the interests of holders of debt securities of any series issued under the indenture;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">to close the indenture with respect to the authentication and delivery of additional series of debt securities or to qualify, or maintain qualification of, the indenture under the Trust Indenture Act; or<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">to supplement any of the provisions of the indenture to the extent necessary to permit or facilitate defeasance and discharge of any series of debt securities, provided that the action shall not adversely affect the interests of the holders of the debt securities of any series in any material respect.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">A vote by holders of debt securities will not be required for clarifications and certain other changes that would not adversely affect holders of the debt securities.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Defeasance of Debt Securities and Certain Covenants in Certain Circumstances</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Legal Defeasance</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Unless the terms of the applicable series of debt securities provide otherwise, we may be discharged from any and all obligations in respect of the debt securities of any series (except for certain obligations to register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series; to replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series; and to maintain paying agencies and certain provisions relating to the treatment of funds held by paying agents). We will be so discharged upon the deposit with the trustee, in trust, of money and/or U.S. government obligations or, in the case of debt securities denominated in a single currency other than U.S. dollars, foreign government obligations (as described at the end of this section), that, through the payment
 of interest and principal in accordance with their terms, will provide money in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge each installment of principal, interest and any additional amounts on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series on the stated maturity of such payments in accordance with the terms of the indenture and those debt securities. </font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>This discharge may occur only if, among other things, we have delivered to the trustee an officers&#8217; certificate and an opinion of counsel stating that we have received from, or there has been published by, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service a ruling or, since the date of execution of the indenture, there has been a change in the applicable U.S. federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that holders of the debt securities of such series will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have
 been the case if the deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">21</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

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</div>

<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Defeasance of Certain Covenants</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Unless the terms of the applicable series of debt securities provide otherwise, upon compliance with certain conditions, we may omit to comply with the restrictive covenants contained in the indenture, as well as any additional covenants contained in the applicable prospectus supplement.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The conditions include, among others, the following:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">depositing with the trustee money and/or U.S. government obligations or, in the case of debt securities denominated in a single currency other than U.S. dollars, foreign government obligations, that, through the payment of interest and principal in accordance with their terms, will provide money in an amount sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants, to pay principal, interest and any additional amounts on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series on the stated maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms of the indenture and those debt securities; and<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">delivering to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of the debt securities of that series will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit and related covenant defeasance and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if the deposit and related covenant defeasance had not occurred.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Covenant Defeasance and Events of Default</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">If we exercise our option, as described above, not to comply with certain covenants of the indenture with respect to any series of debt securities, and the debt securities of that series are declared due and payable because of the occurrence of any event of default, the amount of money and/or U.S. government obligations or foreign government obligations on deposit with the trustee will be sufficient to pay amounts due on the debt securities of that series at the time of their stated maturity but may not be sufficient to pay amounts due on the debt securities of that series at the time of the acceleration resulting from the event of default. However, we will remain liable for those payments.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic">&#8220;Foreign government obligations&#8221;</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> means, with respect to debt securities of any series that are denominated in a currency other than United States dollars:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">direct obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its full faith and credit is pledged, which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof; or<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">obligations of a person controlled or supervised by or acting as an agency or instrumentality of that government, the timely payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by that government, which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Subordination</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms and conditions, if any, upon which any series of senior subordinated securities or subordinated securities is subordinated to debt securities of another series or to other indebtedness of ours. The terms will include a description of the following:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the indebtedness ranking senior to the debt securities being offered;</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">22</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any restrictions on payments to the holders of the debt securities being offered while a default with respect to the senior indebtedness is continuing;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any restrictions on payments to the holders of the debt securities being offered following an event of default; and<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">provisions requiring holders of the debt securities being offered to remit some payments to holders of senior indebtedness.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Conversion and Exchange Rights</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">The terms on which debt securities of any series may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock, preferred stock, or other securities or property of the Company will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. These terms will include the following:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the conversion or exchange price, or the manner of calculating the price;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the exchange or conversion period;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">whether the conversion or exchange is mandatory, or voluntary at the option of the holder, or at our option;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any restrictions on conversion or exchange in the event of redemption of the debt securities and any restrictions on conversion or exchange; and<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the means of calculating the number of shares of our common stock, preferred stock or other securities or property of Amtech Systems, Inc. to be received by the holders of debt securities.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">The conversion or exchange price of any debt securities of any series that are convertible into our common stock or preferred stock may be adjusted for any stock dividends, stock splits, reclassification, combinations or similar transactions, as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Redemption of Debt Securities</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The debt securities may be subject to optional or mandatory redemption on terms and conditions described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Subject to such terms, we may opt at any time to partially or entirely redeem the debt securities.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If less than all the debt securities of any series are to be redeemed or purchased in an offer to purchase at any time, the trustee will select the debt securities of that series to be redeemed or purchased as follows: (1) if the securities of such series are listed on any national securities exchange, in compliance with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange on which the debt securities of that series are listed; or (2) if the debt securities of that series are not listed on a national securities exchange, on a pro rata basis, by lot or by such other method as the trustee deems fair and appropriate.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Except as otherwise provided as to any particular series of debt securities, at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, we or the trustee will mail a notice of redemption to each holder whose debt securities are to be redeemed. From and after notice has been given as provided in the applicable indenture, if funds for the redemption of any debt securities called for redemption shall have been made available on the redemption date, the debt securities will cease to bear interest on the date fixed for the redemption specified in the notice, and the only right of the holders of the debt securities will be to receive payment of the redemption price.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">23</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

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<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>
</div>

<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Governing Law</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The indentures and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the state of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">General</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We may issue warrants to purchase common stock (which we refer to as common stock warrants), preferred stock (which we refer to as preferred stock warrants) or debt securities (which we refer to as debt security warrants). Any of these warrants may be issued independently or together with any other securities offered by this prospectus and may be attached to or separate from those securities.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>While the terms we have summarized below will generally apply to any future warrants we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any warrants that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any warrants we offer under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms we describe below.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We may issue the warrants under a warrant agreement, which we will enter into with a warrant agent to be selected by us. Each warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any warrant. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a warrant may, without the consent of the re
lated warrant agent or the holder of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action its right to exercise, and receive the securities purchasable upon exercise of, its warrants.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We will incorporate by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part the form of warrant agreement, including a form of warrant certificate, that describes the terms of the series of warrants we are offering before the issuance of the related series of warrants. The following summaries of material provisions of the warrants and the warrant agreements are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the warrant agreement applicable to a particular series of warrants. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the warrants that we sell under this prospectus, as well as the complete warrant agreements that cont
ain the terms of the warrants.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the warrants in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered, including, when applicable, the following:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the title of the warrants;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the aggregate number of the warrants;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the price or prices at which the warrants will be issued;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the designation, number and terms of the securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the designation and terms of the other securities, if any, with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the date, if any, on and after which the warrants and the related underlying securities will be separately transferable;</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">24</font></font></font></font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the price at which each underlying security purchasable upon exercise of the warrants may be purchased;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the date on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and the date on which such right will expire;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the minimum amount of the warrants that may be exercised at any one time;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any information with respect to book-entry procedures;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreement and the warrants;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any other terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the transferability, exchange and exercise of such warrants;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the terms of any rights to redeem or call, or accelerate the expiration of, the warrants;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the date on which the right to exercise the warrants begins and the date on which that right expires;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants; and<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the warrants.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Unless specified in an applicable prospectus supplement, common stock warrants, preferred stock warrants, or debt security warrants will be in registered form only.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>A holder of warrant certificates may exchange them for new certificates of different denominations, present them for registration of transfer and exercise them at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement. Until any common stock warrants, preferred stock warrants or debt security warrants are exercised, holders of the warrants will not have any rights of holders of the underlying common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, except to the extent set forth under the heading &#8220;Warrant Adjustments&#8221; below.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Exercise of Warrants</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase for cash shares of common stock, preferred stock or debt securities at the applicable exercise price set forth in, or determined as described in, the applicable prospectus supplement. Warrants may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Warrants may be exercised by delivering to the corporation trust office of the warrant agent or any other officer indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement (a) the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed and (b) payment of the amount due upon exercise. As soon as practicable following exercise, we will forward the shares of common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, as applicable. If less than all of the warrants represented by a warrant certificate are exercised, a new warrant certificate will be issued for the remaining warrants. If we so indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may surrender securities as all or a part of the exercise
 price for the warrants.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Amendments and Supplements to the Warrant Agreements</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We may amend or supplement a warrant agreement without the consent of the holders of the applicable warrants to cure ambiguities in the warrant agreement, to cure or correct a defective provision in the warrant agreement or to provide for other matters under the warrant agreement that we and the warrant agent deem necessary or desirable, so long as, in each case, such amendments or supplements do not materially adversely affect the interests of the holders of the warrants.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">25</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Warrant Adjustments</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Unless the applicable prospectus supplement states otherwise, the exercise price of, and the number of securities covered by, a common stock warrant, preferred stock warrant or debt security warrant will be adjusted proportionately if we subdivide or combine our common stock or preferred stock, as applicable. In addition, unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, if we, without payment:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">issue capital stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for common stock or preferred stock, or any rights to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire any of the foregoing, as a dividend or distribution to holders of our common stock or preferred stock;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">pay any cash to holders of our common stock or preferred stock other than a cash dividend paid out of our current or retained earnings or other than in accordance with the terms of the preferred stock;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">issue any evidence of our indebtedness or rights to subscribe for or purchase our indebtedness to holders of our common stock or preferred stock; or<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">issue common stock or preferred stock or additional stock or other securities or property to holders of our common stock or preferred stock by way of a spin-off, split-up, reclassification, combination of shares or similar corporate rearrangement,</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">then the holders of common stock warrants, preferred stock warrants and debt security warrants, as applicable, will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the warrants, in addition to the securities otherwise receivable upon exercise of the warrants and without paying any additional consideration, the amount of stock and other securities and property such holders would have been entitled to receive had they held the common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, as applicable, issuable under the warrants on the dates on which holders of those securities received or became entitled to receive such additional stock and other securities and property.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Except as stated above, the exercise price and number of securities covered by a common stock warrant, preferred stock warrant and debt security warrant, and the amounts of other securities or property to be received, if any, upon exercise of those warrants, will not be adjusted or provided for if we issue those securities or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for those securities, or securities carrying the right to purchase those securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable for those securities.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Holders of common stock warrants, preferred stock warrants and debt security warrants may have additional rights under the following circumstances:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">certain reclassifications, capital reorganizations or changes of the common stock or preferred stock, as applicable;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">certain share exchanges, mergers or similar transactions involving us and which result in changes of the common stock or preferred stock, as applicable; or<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">certain sales or dispositions to another entity of all or substantially all of our property and assets.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">If one of the above transactions occurs and holders of our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities are entitled to receive stock, securities or other property with respect to or in exchange for their securities, the holders of the common stock warrants, preferred stock warrants and debt security warrants then outstanding, as applicable, will be entitled to receive upon exercise of their warrants the kind and amount of shares of stock and other securities or property that they would have received upon the applicable transaction if they had exercised their warrants immediately before the transaction.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">26</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">DESCRIPTION OF UNITS</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The following description, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the units that we may offer under this prospectus. Units may be offered independently or together with common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and warrants offered by any prospectus supplement, and may be attached to or separate from those securities. While the terms we have summarized below will generally apply to any future units that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of units that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any units of
fered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. </font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">We will incorporate by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part the form of unit agreement, including a form of unit certificate, if any, that describes the terms of the series of units we are offering before the issuance of the related series of units. The following summaries of material provisions of the units and the unit agreements are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the unit agreement applicable to a particular series of units. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the units that we sell under this prospectus, as well as the complete unit agreements that contain the terms of the units.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">General</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We may issue units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and/or warrants in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of units, including the following:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any provisions of the governing unit agreement that differ from those described below; and<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The provisions described in this section, as well as those described under &#8220;Description of Common Stock,&#8221; &#8220;Description of Preferred Stock,&#8221; &#8220;Description of Debt Securities,&#8221; and &#8220;Description of Warrants,&#8221; will apply to each unit and to any common stock, preferred stock, debt security or warrant included in each unit, respectively.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Issuance in Series</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We may issue units in such amounts and in such numerous distinct series as we determine.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Units</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Each unit agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable unit agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any unit. A single bank or trust company may act as unit agent for more than one series of units. A unit agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable unit agreement or unit, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a unit may, without the consent of the related unit agent or the holder of any other unit, enforce by appropriate legal action its rights as holder under any security included in the unit.
</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">27</font></font></font></font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Title</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We, the unit agent and any of their agents may treat the registered holder of any unit certificate as an absolute owner of the units evidenced by that certificate for any purposes and as the person entitled to exercise the rights attaching to the units so requested, despite any notice to the contrary.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">LEGAL OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We can issue securities in registered form or in the form of one or more global securities. We refer to those persons who have securities registered in their own names on the books that we or any applicable trustee, depositary, </font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">or warrant agent maintain for this purpose as the &#8220;holders&#8221; of those securities. These persons are the legal holders of the securities. We refer to those persons who, indirectly through others, own beneficial interests in securities that are not registered in their own names as &#8220;indirect holders&#8221; of those securities. As we discuss below, indirect holders are not legal holders, and investors in se
curities issued in book-entry form or in street name will be indirect holders.</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> </font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>See also the section entitled &#8220;Description of Debt Securities &#8212; Form, Transfer, and Exchange&#8221; above for additional discussion of book entry and certificated form of ownership as such forms of ownership impact the rights and obligations of purchasers of debt securities to be issued under this prospectus.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Book-Entry Holders</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We may issue securities in whole or in part in book-entry form, as we will specify in the applicable prospectus supplement. Book-entry form means securities may be represented by one or more global securities registered in the name of a financial institution that holds them as depositary on behalf of other financial institutions that participate in the depositary&#8217;s book-entry system. These participating institutions, which are referred to as participants, in turn, hold beneficial interests in the securities on behalf of themselves or their customers. Upon the issuance of a global security, the depositary will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the participants&#8217; acc
ounts with the respective principal amounts of the book-entry securities represented by the global security beneficially owned by such participants. The accounts to be credited will be designated by any dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of the book-entry securities. Ownership of book-entry securities will be shown on, and the transfer of the ownership interests will be effected only through, records maintained by the depositary for the related global security (with respect to interests of participants) and on the records of participants (with respect to interests of persons holding through participants). The laws of some states may require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities in definitive form. These laws may impair the ability to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in book-entry securities.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Only the person in whose name a security is registered is recognized as the holder of that security. Securities issued in global form will be registered in the name of the depositary or its participants. Consequently, for securities issued in global form, we will recognize only the depositary as the holder of the securities, and we will make all payments on the securities to the depositary. The depositary passes along the payments it receives to its participants, which in turn pass the payments along to their customers who are the beneficial owners. The depositary and its participants do so under agreements they have made with one another or with their customers; they are not obligated to do so under 
the terms of the securities.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>As a result, investors in a book-entry security will not own securities directly. Instead, they will own beneficial interests in a global security, through a bank, broker or other financial institution that participates in the depositary&#8217;s book-entry system or holds an interest through a participant. As long as the securities are issued in global form, investors will be indirect holders, not holders, of the securities.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">28</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Street Name Holders</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We may terminate a global security or issue securities in non-global form. In these cases, investors may choose to hold their securities in their own names or in &#8220;street name.&#8221; Securities held by an investor in street name would be registered in the name of a bank, broker or other financial institution that the investor chooses, and the investor would hold only a beneficial interest in those securities through an account he she, or it maintains at that institution.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>For securities held in street name, we will recognize only the intermediary banks, brokers and other financial institutions in whose names the securities are registered as the holders of those securities, and we will make all payments on those securities to them. These institutions pass along the payments they receive to their customers who are the beneficial owners, but only because they agree to do so in their customer agreements or because they are legally required to do so. Investors who hold securities in street name will be indirect holders, not holders, of those securities.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Legal Holders</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Our obligations, as well as the obligations of any applicable trustee and of any third parties employed by us or a trustee, run only to the legal holders of the securities. We do not have obligations to investors who hold beneficial interests in global securities, in street name or by any other indirect means. This will be the case whether an investor chooses to be an indirect holder of a security or has no choice because we are issuing the securities only in global form. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>For example, once we make a payment or give a notice to the holder, we have no further responsibility for the payment or notice even if that holder is required, under agreements with depositary participants or customers or by law, to pass it along to the indirect holders but does not do so. Whether and how the holders contact the indirect holders is up to the holders.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Special Considerations For Indirect Holders</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If you hold securities through a bank, broker or other financial institution, either in book-entry form or in street name, you should check with your own institution to determine the following: </font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">how it handles securities payments and notices;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">whether it imposes fees or charges;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">how it would handle a request for the holders&#8217; consent, if ever required;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">whether and how you can instruct it to send you securities registered in your own name so you can be a holder, if that is permitted in the future;<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">how it would exercise rights under the securities if there were a default or other event triggering the need for holders to act to protect their interests; and<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">if the securities are in book-entry form, how the depositary&#8217;s rules and procedures will affect these matters.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">29</font></font></font></font></div>

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</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Global Securities</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">A global security is a security that represents one or any other number of individual securities held by a depositary. Generally, all securities represented by the same global securities will have the same terms. Each security issued in book-entry form will be represented by a global security that we deposit with and register in the name of a financial institution or its nominee that we select. The financial institution that we select for this purpose is called the depositary. Unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, DTC will be the depositary for all securities issued in book-entry form.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>A global security may not be transferred to or registered in the name of anyone other than the depositary, its nominee or a successor depositary, unless special termination situations arise. We describe those situations below under &#8220;Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated.&#8221; As a result of these arrangements, the depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole registered owner and holder of all securities represented by a global security, and investors will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. Beneficial interests must be held by means of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that in turn has an account with the deposi
tary or with another institution that does. Thus, an investor whose security is represented by a global security will not be a holder of the security, but only an indirect holder of a beneficial interest in the global security. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If the prospectus supplement for a particular security indicates that the security will be issued in global form only, then the security will be represented by a global security at all times unless and until the global security is terminated. If termination occurs, we may issue the securities through another book-entry clearing system or decide that the securities may no longer be held through any book-entry clearing system.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We may at any time and in our sole discretion determine not to have any of the book-entry securities of any series represented by one or more global securities and, in that event, we will issue certificated securities in exchange for the global securities of that series.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Special Considerations For Global Securities</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The rights of an indirect holder relating to a global security will be governed by the account rules of the investor&#8217;s financial institution and of the depositary, as well as general laws relating to securities transfers. We do not recognize an indirect holder as a holder of securities and instead deal only with the depositary that holds the global security.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">30</font></font></font></font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>If securities are issued only in the form of a global security, an investor should be aware of the following:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">an investor cannot cause the securities to be registered in his, her or its name, and cannot obtain non-global certificates for his, her or its interest in the securities, except in the special situations we describe below;<br>
&#160;</font></font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">an investor will be an indirect holder and must look to his, her or its own bank or broker for payments on the securities and protection of his, her or its legal rights relating to the securities, as we describe above;<br>
&#160; </font></font></font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">an investor may not be able to sell interests in the securities to some insurance companies and to other institutions that are required by law to own their securities in non-book-entry form;<br>
&#160; </font></font></font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">an investor may not be able to pledge his, her or its interest in a global security in circumstances where certificates representing the securities must be delivered to the lender or other beneficiary of the pledge in order for the pledge to be effective;<br>
&#160;</font></font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the depositary&#8217;s policies, which may change from time to time, will govern payments, transfers, exchanges and other matters relating to an investor&#8217;s interest in a global security;<br>
&#160;</font></font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">we and any applicable trustee have no responsibility for any aspect of the depositary&#8217;s actions or for its records of ownership interests in a global security, nor do we or any applicable trustee supervise the depositary in any way;<br>
&#160; </font></font></font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the depositary may, and we understand that DTC will, require that those who purchase and sell interests in a global security within its book-entry system use immediately available funds, and your broker or bank may require you to do so as well; and<br>
&#160; </font></font></font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">financial institutions that participate in the depositary&#8217;s book-entry system, and through which an investor holds its interest in a global security, may also have their own policies affecting payments, notices and other matters relating to the securities.</font></font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>There may be more than one financial intermediary in the chain of ownership for an investor. We do not monitor and are not responsible for the actions of any of those intermediaries.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Special Situations When a Global Security Will Be Terminated</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>In a few special situations described below, the global security will terminate and interests in it will be exchanged for physical certificates representing those interests. After that exchange, the choice of whether to hold securities directly or in street name will be up to the investor. Investors must consult their own banks or brokers to find out how to have their interests in securities transferred to their own name, so that they will be direct holders. We have described the rights of holders and street name investors above.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the global security will terminate when the following special situations occur:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">if the depositary notifies us that it is unwilling, unable or no longer qualified under the Exchange Act to continue as depositary for that global security and we do not appoint another institution to act as depositary within 90 days;<br>
&#160;</font></font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">if we notify any applicable trustee that we wish to terminate that global security; or<br>
&#160;</font></font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">if an event of default has occurred with regard to securities represented by that global security and has not been cured or waived.</font></font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">31</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<hr align="center" noshade size="2" width="100%">
<div id="PGBRK">
<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>
</div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2">The prospectus supplement may also list additional situations for terminating a global security that would apply only to the particular types and series of securities covered by the applicable prospectus supplement. When a global security terminates, the depositary, and not we or any applicable trustee, is responsible for deciding the names of the institutions that will be the initial direct holders.</font><br>
&#160; </font></font></font></div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>We may sell the securities described in this prospectus from time to time in one or more of the following ways:</font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">to or through underwriters or dealers;<br>
&#160;</font></font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">directly to one or more purchasers;<br>
&#160;</font></font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">through agents; or<br>
&#160;</font></font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">through a combination of any of those methods of sale.</font></font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>The prospectus supplement with respect to the offered securities will describe the terms of the offering, including the following:</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the name or names of any underwriters or agents;<br>
&#160;&#160; </font></font></font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any public offering price;<br>
&#160;&#160; </font></font></font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">the proceeds from such sale;<br>
&#160;&#160; </font></font></font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any underwriting discounts or agency fees and other items constituting underwriters&#8217; or agents&#8217; compensation;<br>
&#160;&#160; </font></font></font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us;<br>
&#160;&#160; </font></font></font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and<br>
&#160;&#160; </font></font></font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">any securities exchanges on which the securities may be listed.</font></font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>We may distribute the securities from time to time in one or more of the following ways:</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">at a fixed public offering price or prices, which may be changed;<br>
&#160;</font></font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">at prices relating to prevailing market prices at the time of sale;<br>
&#160;</font></font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">at varying prices determined at the time of sale; or<br>
&#160;</font></font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">at negotiated prices.</font></font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">32</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<hr align="center" noshade size="2" width="100%">
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<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>
</div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div>
<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, if we use underwriters for a sale of securities, the underwriters will acquire the securities for their own account. The underwriters may resell the securities in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price, or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the securities o
f the series offered if they purchase any of the securities of that series. We may change from time to time any initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions the underwriters allow or reallow or pay to dealers. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe in the prospectus supplement naming the underwriter the nature of any such relationship. We may designate agents who agree to use their reasonable efforts to solicit purchases for the period of their appointment or to sell securities on a continuing basis. We may also sell securities directly to one or more purchasers without using underwriters or agents.</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>
</div>

<div align="justify">
<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Underwriters, dealers or agents may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from us or from purchasers of the securities as their agents in connection with the sale of the securities. These underwriters, dealers or agents may be considered to be underwriters under the Securities Act. As a result, discounts, commissions or profits on resale received by underwriters, dealers or agents may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions. Each prospectus supplement will identify any underwriter, dealer or agent and describe any compensation received by them from us. Any initial public offering price
 and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, each class or series of securities will be a new issue with no established trading market, other than our common stock, which is listed on the NASDAQ. </font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">We may elect to list any other class or series of securities on any exchange, but we are not obligated to do so. It is possible that one or more underwriters may make a market in a class or series of securities, but the underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot give any assuran
ce as to the liquidity of the trading market for any of the securities. </font></font></font></font></div>
</div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>In connection with any offering, the underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions, over-allotment transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. </font></font></font></font></div>

<ul style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">
<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum.<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Over-allotment involves sales by the underwriters of shares of our common stock in excess of the number of shares the underwriters are obligated to purchase, which creates a syndicate short position. The short position may be either a covered short position or a naked short position. In a covered short position, the number of shares of our common stock over-allotted by the underwriters is not greater than the number of shares that they may purchase in the over-allotment option. In a naked short position, the number of shares of our common stock involved is greater than the number of shares in the over-allotment option. The underwriters may close out any covered short position by either exercising their over-allotment option or purchasing shares of our common stock in the open market.<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of our common stock in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. In determining the source of shares to close out the short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares of our common stock available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase shares through the over-allotment option so that if there is a naked short position, the position can only be closed out by buying shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there could be downward pressure on the price of the shares of our common stock in the open market after the pricing of any offerin
g that could adversely affect investors who purchase in that offering.<br>
&#160;</font> </font></font></font> </li>

<li><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Penalty bids permit the representatives of the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the common stock originally sold by the syndicate member is purchased in a stabilizing or syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions.</font> </font></font></font></li>
</ul>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">33</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<hr align="center" noshade size="2" width="100%">
<div id="PGBRK">
<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>
</div>

<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div align="justify">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common stock. As a result, the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. These transactions may be effected on the NASDAQ or otherwise and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time. </font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Underwriters, dealers and agents may be entitled under agreements entered into with us to indemnification against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribution with respect to payments they may be required to make in respect of these liabilities thereof. Underwriters, dealers, agents and their affiliates may be customers of, may engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business for which they receive compensation. </font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Trading Markets and Listing Of Securities </font></font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font id="TAB2" style="LETTER-SPACING: 3pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#160;Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, each class or series of securities will be a new issue with no established trading market, other than our common stock, which is listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market. We may elect to list any other class or series of securities on any exchange or market, but we are not obligated to do so. It is possible that one or more underwriters may make a market in a class or series of securities, but the underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot give any assurance as to the liquidity of the trading market for any of the s
ecurities. </font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Blue Sky Restrictions on Resale </font></font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>After you purchase our securities under this registration statement, you will need to comply with state securities laws, also known as &#8220;Blue Sky laws,&#8221; with regard to secondary sales in certain states in the United States. </font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">All states offer a variety of exemptions from registration for secondary sales. Many states, for example, have an exemption for secondary trading of certain securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Your broker will be able to advise you about which states exempt our securities from registration for secondary s
ales.</font></font></font></font></div>
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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">LEGAL MATTERS</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>The validity of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon by Squire, Sanders &amp; Dempsey (US) LLP. Certain legal matters may be passed upon for any agents or underwriters by counsel for such agents or underwriters identified in the applicable prospectus supplement.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">EXPERTS</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>The consolidated financial statements&#160;of Amtech Systems, Inc.&#160;incorporated in this prospectus by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the years ended September 30, 2010 have been so incorporated in reliance on the reports of Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C., an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">34</font></font></font></font></div>

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</font></font></font>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">==================================================================================</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="4" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Amtech Systems, Inc.</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">$60,000,000</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Common Stock<br>
Preferred Stock<br>
Debt Securities<br>
Warrants </font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Units</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="4" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">_______________________________</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="4" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">PROSPECTUS</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="4" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">_______________________________</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="4" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">[__________</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="4" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">]</font></font><font size="4" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, 2010</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">==================================================================================</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>This prospectus only provides you with a general description of the securities that we may offer. Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that contains specific information about the terms of those securities. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement with the additional information described under the Sections entitled, &#8220;Incorporation by Reference&#8221; and &#8220;Where You Can Find More Information.&#8221;</font></font></font></font></div>

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</font></font></font>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">PART II</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>The following table sets forth the estimated fees and expenses, other than underwriting discounts and other fees and expenses associated with offerings of particular securities, in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered. All of the amounts shown are estimates, except for the SEC registration fee:</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="PADDING-RIGHT: 4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; ">
<tr valign="bottom">
<td nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Description</font></font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="9%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font></font></td>
<td nowrap width="35%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Amount to be Paid ($)</font></font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">SEC Registration Fee</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="9%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="35%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">6,966</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Accountants&#8217; Fees and Expenses</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="9%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="35%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">10,000<font style="FONT-SIZE: 70%; VERTICAL-ALIGN: text-top">(1)</font></font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Legal Fees and Expenses</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="9%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="35%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">25,000<font style="FONT-SIZE: 70%; VERTICAL-ALIGN: text-top">(1)</font></font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Printing and Engraving Expenses</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="9%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="35%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="1" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">(2)</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Transfer Agent Fees and Expenses</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="9%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="35%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="1" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">(2)</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Miscellaneous Fees</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="9%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="35%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="1" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">(2)</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Total</font></font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="9%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="right" nowrap width="35%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="1" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">(2)</font></td>
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</font></font></font>

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<td valign="top" width="1%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 70%; VERTICAL-ALIGN: text-top">(1)</font></font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="98%" style="BORDER-TOP: #ffffff 2pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">These fees include only the costs of filing this Registration Statement. Additional fees will be dependent on the type of securities offered and number of offerings and, therefore, cannot be estimated at this time. In accordance with Rule 430B, additional information regarding estimated fees and expenses will be provided at the time information as to an offering is included in a prospectus supplement.</font></td>
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<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="98%">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </td>
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<td valign="top" width="1%"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 70%; VERTICAL-ALIGN: text-top"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman"><font size="1">(2)</font></font></font></td>
<td valign="top" width="1%">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
<td valign="top" width="98%" style="BORDER-TOP: #ffffff 2pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">These fees will be dependent on the type of securities offered and number of offerings and, therefore, cannot be estimated at this time. In accordance with Rule 430B, additional information regarding estimated fees and expenses will be provided at the time information as to an offering is included in a prospectus supplement.</font></td>
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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Pursuant to Amtech&#8217;s Articles of Incorporation, it shall indemnify any and all of its existing and former directors, officers, employees and agents against all expenses incurred by them and each of them, including, but not limited to legal fees, judgments, penalties and amounts paid in settlement or compromise, which may arise or be incurred, rendered, or levied in any legal action brought or threatened against any of them for or on account of any action or omission alleged to have been committed while acting within the scope of employment as director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, whether or not any action is or has been filed against them and whether or not any settlement or 
compromise is approved by a court, indemnification shall be made by the Company whether the legal action brought or threatened is by or in the right of the Company or by any other person. Whenever any existing or former director, officer, employee, or agent shall report to the President of the Company or the chairman of the Board of Directors that he or she has incurred or may incur expenses, including, but not limited to, legal fees, judgments, penalties and amounts paid in settlement or compromise in a legal action brought or threatened against him or her for or on account of any action or omission alleged to have been committed by him or her while acting within the scope of his or her employment as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, the Board of Directors shall, at its next regular or at a special meeting held within a reasonable time thereafter, determine in good faith, whether in regard to the matter involved in the action or contemplated action, such person acted, failed to act, or 
refused to act willfully or with gross negligence or with fraudulent or criminal intent. If the Board of Directors determines, in good faith, that such person did not act, fail to act, or refuse to act willfully or with gross negligence or with fraudulent or criminal intent, in regard to the matter involved in the action or contemplated action, such person acted, failed to act, or refused to act willfully or with gross negligence or with fraudulent criminal intent, indemnification shall be mandatory and shall be automatically extended as specified herein; provided, that the Company shall have the right to refuse indemnification in any instance in which the person to whom indemnification would otherwise have been applicable shall have unreasonably refused to permit the Company, at its own expense and through counsel of its own choosing, to defend him or her in the action.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">II-1</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2">Section 10-851 of Arizona&#8217;s Revised Statutes enables a corporation to eliminate or limit personal liability of members of its board of directors for violations of their fiduciary duty of care. However, Arizona law does not permit the elimination of a director&#8217;s or officer&#8217;s liability: (i) in connection with a proceeding by or in the right of the corporation in which the director was adjudged liable to the corporation; and (ii) in connection with any other proceeding charging improper financial benefit to the director, whether or not involving action in the director&#8217;s official capacity, in which the director was adjudged liable on the basis that financial benefit wa
s improperly received by the director.</font></font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>We have also obtained director&#8217;s and officer&#8217;s liability insurance.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling Amtech pursuant to the foregoing provision, Amtech has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in such Act and is therefore unenforceable.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify">
<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">II-2</font></font></font></font></div>
</div>

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</div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Item 16. Exhibits.</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="PADDING-RIGHT: 4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; ">
<tr valign="bottom">
<td align="right" valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Exhibit</font></font></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Description</font></font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;1.1*</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Underwriting Agreement</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;4.1</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Incorporation, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Form S-1 Registration Statement No. 2-83934-LA</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;4.2</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated April 27, 1983, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Form S-1 Registration Statement No. 2-83934-LA</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;4.3</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated May 19, 1987, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 1987</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;4.4</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated May 2, 1988, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 1988</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;4.5</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated May 28, 1993, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Form S-1 Registration Statement (File No. 33-77368)</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;4.6</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated March 14, 1999, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 1999</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;4.7</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Privileges of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, dated April 21, 2005, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 2005</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;4.8</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Amended and Restated Bylaws, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 8, 2008</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;4.9</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Amended and Restated Rights Agreement as of December 15, 2008, by and between Amtech Systems, Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., including the form of Certificate of Designation, the form of Rights Certificate and the Summary of Rights attached thereto as Exhibits A, B and C, respectively, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 15, 2008</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.10</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Subscription Agreement for the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 2005</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.11*</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Specimen Certificate of Preferred Stock</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.12*</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Warrant Agreement and Certificate</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.13*</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Debt Security</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.14</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Indenture</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.15*</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Unit Agreement and Unit Certificate</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;5.1</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Opinion of counsel regarding legality of securities</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;12.1*</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Statement of Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;23.1</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Consent of counsel (included in Exhibit 5.1 hereto)</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;23.2</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Consent of Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C.</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;24.1</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Power of attorney</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;25.1*&#160;&#160;</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 of the Trustee under the Indenture</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td colspan="2" valign="top" width="99%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">* </font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">To be filed by amendment to this registration statement or by a report filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference.</font></td>
</tr></table>
</div>

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</font></font></font>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">II-3</font></font></font></font></div>

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</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Item 17. Undertakings.</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in the volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursu
ant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration Fee" table in the effective registration statement;</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Provided, however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-3 or Form F-3 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial </font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">bona fide</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> offering thereof.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(i) If the registrant is relying on Rule 430B:</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(A) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and</font></font></font></font></div>
</div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">II-4</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

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</div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div>
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2">(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date s
hall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial<font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> bona fide</font></font><font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> offering thereof. <font style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Provided</font></font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, <font style="FONT-STYLE: italic">however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify a
ny statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.</font><br>
&#160; </font></font></font></div>
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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant's annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan's annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial </font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font siz
e="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">bona fide</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> offering thereof.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such
 director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify">
<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">II-5</font></font></font></font></div>
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<div>
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(c) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> bona fide</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> offering thereof.</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>(d) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Act.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">II-6</font></font></font></font></div>

<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160; </font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">SIGNATURES</font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Tempe, State of Arizona, on&#160;February 8, 2011.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="50%" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; ">
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<td align="left" colspan="3" nowrap width="99%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Amtech Systems, Inc.</font></td>
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<td align="left" colspan="3" nowrap width="99%">&#160;&#160; </td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="1%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">By:&#160;&#160; </font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="88%" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">/s/ Bradley C. Anderson</font></td>
<td nowrap width="10%" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left">&#160; </td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" colspan="2" nowrap width="98%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Bradley C. Anderson</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" colspan="2" nowrap width="98%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Vice President - Finance and Chief Financial Officer</font></td>
</tr></table>
</div>

<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><br>
</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div>
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<div>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">*</font></div>
</td>
<td align="left" width="5%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
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<td align="left" valign="bottom" width="30%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">/s/ Bradley C. Anderson</font></td>
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</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" valign="top" width="30%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">
<div>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">*</font></div>
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<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
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</tr><tr>
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</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" valign="top" width="30%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>*</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" width="31%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Director</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">February 8, 2011</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top" width="35%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Egbert Jan Gert Goudena</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" valign="top" width="30%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>*</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" width="31%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Director</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">February 8, 2011</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top" width="35%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Alfred W. Giese</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" valign="top" width="30%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>*</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="5%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle" width="31%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Director</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">February 8, 2011</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top" width="35%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Dr. Jeong Mo Hwang</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
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</font></font></font>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">*&#160;&#160; </font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Bradley C. Anderson, the undersigned attorney-in-fact, by signing his name hereto, does hereby sign and execute this registration statement on behalf of the above indicated directors of the registrant (constituting all of the directors) pursuant to a Power of Attorney filed with this registration statement as Exhibit 24.1.</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; ">
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<td align="left" colspan="2" nowrap width="50%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" colspan="2" nowrap width="49%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Amtech Systems, Inc.</font></td>
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<td colspan="4" width="99%">&#160;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="4" width="99%">&#160;</td>
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<td align="left" colspan="2" nowrap width="50%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">February 8, 2011</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="1%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">By:&#160;&#160; </font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="48%" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">/s/ Bradley C. Anderson</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="7%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="43%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="48%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Bradley C. Anderson</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="7%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="43%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="1%">&#160;</td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="48%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Vice President - Finance and Chief Financial Officer</font></td>
</tr></table>
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<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">II-7</font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

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<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160; </font></font></font></font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Exhibits.</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="PADDING-RIGHT: 4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; ">
<tr valign="bottom">
<td align="right" valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Exhibit</font></font></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Description</font></font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;1.1*</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Underwriting Agreement</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.1</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Incorporation, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Form S-1 Registration Statement No. 2-83934-LA</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.2</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated April 27, 1983, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Form S-1 Registration Statement No. 2-83934-LA</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.3</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated May 19, 1987, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 1987</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.4</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated May 2, 1988, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 1988</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.5</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated May 28, 1993, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Form S-1 Registration Statement (File No. 33-77368)</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.6</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation, dated March 14, 1999, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 1999</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.7</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Privileges of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, dated April 21, 2005, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 2005</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.8</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Amended and Restated Bylaws, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 8, 2008</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.9</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Amended and Restated Rights Agreement as of December 15, 2008, by and between Amtech Systems, Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., including the form of Certificate of Designation, the form of Rights Certificate and the Summary of Rights attached thereto as Exhibits A, B and C, respectively, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 15, 2008</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.10</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Subscription Agreement for the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, incorporated by reference to Amtech&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 2005</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.11*</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Specimen Certificate of Preferred Stock</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.12*</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Warrant Agreement and Certificate</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.13*</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Debt Security</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.14</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Indenture</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;4.15*</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Form of Unit Agreement and Unit Certificate</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;5.1</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Opinion of counsel regarding legality of securities</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;12.1*</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Statement of Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;23.1</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Consent of counsel (included in Exhibit 5.1 hereto)</font></td>
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<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;23.2</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Consent of Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C.</font></td>
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<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;24.1</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Power of attorney</font></td>
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<td valign="top" width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;25.1*&#160;&#160;</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 of the Trustee under the Indenture</font></td>
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<td colspan="2" valign="top" width="99%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">* </font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">To be filed by amendment to this registration statement or by a report filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and incorporated herein by reference.</font></td>
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<TYPE>EX-4.14
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<FILENAME>exhibit4-14.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM OF INDENTURE
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<div align="right"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Exhibit 4.14</font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Form of Indenture</font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">AMTECH SYSTEMS, INC.</font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">and</font></font></div>

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_____________________________________________<br>
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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">as Trustee</font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">INDENTURE</font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">dated as of</font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">TABLE OF CONTENTS</font></font></div>

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<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font size="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Page</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 1.03 Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">ARTICLE 2 THE SECURITIES</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 2.01 Unlimited In Amount, Issuable In Series, Form, and Dating</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 2.06 Transfer and Exchange</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 2.07 Replacement Securities</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 2.08 Outstanding Securities</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 2.12 Special Record Dates</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">ARTICLE 3 REDEMPTION</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 3.02 Selection of Securities to Be Redeemed</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 6.06 Limitation on Suits</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">20</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 6.07 Rights of Holders to Receive Payment</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">20</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 6.08 Collection Suit by Trustee</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">20</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 6.09 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">20</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 6.10 Priorities</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">21</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 6.11 Undertaking for Costs</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">21</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;&#160;&#160; </td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">ARTICLE 7 TRUSTEE</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">21</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 7.01 Duties of Trustee</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">21</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 7.02 Rights of Trustee</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">22</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 7.03 Individual Rights of Trustee</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">23</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 7.04 Trustee&#8217;s Disclaimer</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">23</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 7.05 Notice of Defaults</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">23</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 7.06 Reports by Trustee to Holders</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">23</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 7.07 Compensation and Indemnity</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">24</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 7.08 Replacement of Trustee</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">24</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 7.09 Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">25</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 7.10 Eligibility; Disqualification</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">25</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 7.11 Preferential Collection of Claims Against Corporation</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">25</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">ARTICLE 8 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">26</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 8.01 Satisfaction and Discharge</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">26</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 8.02 Option to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">26</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 8.03 Legal Defeasance and Discharge</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">27</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 8.04 Covenant Defeasance</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">27</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 8.05 Conditions to Legal or Covenant Defeasance</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">27</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 8.06 Deposited Money and Government Securities to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">28</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 8.07 Repayment to Corporation</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">29</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 8.08 Reinstatement</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">29</font></td>
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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">ii</font></div>

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<td nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">Page</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">ARTICLE 9 SUPPLEMENTS, AMENDMENTS, AND WAIVERS</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">29</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 9.01 Without Consent of Holders</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">29</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 9.02 With Consent of Holders</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">30</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 9.03 Revocation and Effect of Consents</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">31</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 9.04 Notation on or Exchange of Securities</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">32</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 9.05 Trustee to Sign Amendments, etc.</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">32</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;&#160; </td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">ARTICLE 10 RESERVED</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">32</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;&#160; </td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;</td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">ARTICLE 11 MISCELLANEOUS</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">32</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 11.01 Indenture Subject to Trust Indenture Act</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">32</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 11.02 Notices</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">33</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 11.03 Communication By Holders With Other Holders</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">34</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 11.04 Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">34</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 11.05 Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">34</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 11.06 Rules by Trustee and Agents</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">34</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 11.07 Legal Holidays</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">34</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 11.08 No Recourse Against Others</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">35</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 11.09 Counterparts</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">35</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 11.10 Governing Law</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">35</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 11.11 Submission to Jurisdiction; Service of Process; Waiver of Jury Trial</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">35</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 11.12 Severability</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">35</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 11.13 Effect of Headings, Table of Contents, etc.</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">35</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 11.14 Successors and Assigns</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">35</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="96%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Section 11.15 No Interpretation of Other Agreements</font></td>
<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font size="2">35</font></td>
</tr></table>

<div><br>
</div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">iii</font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<hr align="center" noshade width="100%">
<div id="PGBRK">
<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always">&#160;</div>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE*</font></font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" width="100%" style="PADDING-RIGHT: 4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; ">
<tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Trust Indenture Act Section</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Indenture Section</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">310(a)(1)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">7.10</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(a)(2)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">7.10</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(a)(3)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">N/A</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(a)(4)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">N/A</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(a)(5)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">7.10</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(b)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">7.03; 7.08; 7.10</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(c)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">N/A</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">311(a)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">7.11</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(b)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">7.11</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(c)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">N/A</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">312(a)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">2.05</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(b)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">11.03</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(c)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">11.03</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">313(a)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">7.06</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(b)(1)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">N/A</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(b)(2)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">7.06</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(c)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">7.06; 11.02</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(d)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">7.06</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">314(a)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">4.03; 10.02; 11.05</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(b)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">N/A</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(c)(1)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">11.04</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(c)(2)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">11.04</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(c)(3)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">N/A</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(d)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">N/A</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(e)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">11.05</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(f)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">N/A</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">315(a)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">7.01(b)(ii); 7.02</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(b)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">7.02; 7.05; 10.02</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(c)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">7.01(a); 7.02</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(d)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">7.01(d); 7.02</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(e)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">6.11</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">316(a)(last sentence)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">2.13(f)</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(a)(1)(A)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">6.05</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(a)(1)(B)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">6.04</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(a)(2)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">N/A</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(b)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">6.07</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(c)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">2.12; 9.03</font></td>
</tr></table>
</div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">iv</font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<hr align="center" noshade size="2" width="100%">
<div id="PGBRK">
<div id="PN" style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always">&#160;</div>
</div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" width="100%" style="PADDING-RIGHT: 4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; ">
<tr valign="bottom">
<td nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">317(a)(1)</font></td>
<td nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">6.08</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(a)(2)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">6.09</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(b)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">2.04</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">318(a)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">11.01</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(b)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">N/A</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="55%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(c)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="44%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">11.01</font></td>
</tr><tr>
<td align="left" colspan="2" nowrap width="99%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" colspan="2" nowrap width="99%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">N/A means not applicable</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" colspan="2" nowrap width="99%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">* This Cross-Reference Table is not part of the Indenture.</font></td>
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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">INDENTURE dated as of ______________ by and among AMTECH SYSTEMS, INC., an Arizona corporation (the &#8220;Corporation&#8221;) and _____________________________________ , as Trustee (the &#8220;Trustee&#8221;).</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>The Corporation has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness to be issued in one or more series (the &#8220;Securities&#8221;), as herein provided, up to such principal amount as may from time to time be authorized in or pursuant to one or more resolutions of the Corporation&#8217;s Board of Directors (as defined below) or by supplemental indenture.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Each party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other parties and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders (as defined below) of each series of the Securities:</font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">ARTICLE 1<br>
</font></font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION<br>
BY REFERENCE</font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Section 1.01</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Certain Definitions</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Affiliate&#8221; of any specified Person (as defined below) means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by, or under direct or indirect common control with, such specified Person. For purposes of this definition, &#8220;control,&#8221; as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> provided</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">,</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> however</font></font><font size="2" st
yle="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, that beneficial ownership of 10% or more of the voting securities of a Person shall be deemed to be a controlling interest in such Person. For purposes of this definition, the terms &#8220;controlling,&#8221; &#8220;controlled by&#8221; and &#8220;under common control with&#8221; have correlative meanings.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Agent&#8221; means any Registrar (as defined below), Paying Agent (as defined below), authenticating agent or co-Registrar.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Board of Directors&#8221; means, with respect to any Person, the board of directors of such Person (or, if such Person is a limited liability company, the board of managers of such Person) or similar governing body or any authorized committee thereof.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Board Resolution&#8221; means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification (and delivered to the Trustee, if appropriate).</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Business Day&#8221; means any day other than a Legal Holiday (as defined below).</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Closing Date&#8221; means the date on which the Securities of a particular series were originally issued under this Indenture.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Commission&#8221; means the Securities and Exchange Commission.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Corporation&#8221; means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it pursuant to this Indenture and thereafter means the successor.</font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">1</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Corporation Order&#8221; means a written order signed in the name of the Corporation by two Officers (as defined below), one of whom must be the Corporation&#8217;s principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer, and delivered to the Trustee.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Corporation Request&#8221; means a written request signed in the name of the Corporation by its Chairman of the Board, its President or any Vice President, and by its Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, and delivered to the Trustee.</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160; </font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Corporate Trust Office&#8221; shall mean the corporate trust office of the Trustee.</font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Default&#8221; means any event that is, or with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both would be, an Event of Default (as defined below).</font></div>

<br>
<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#8220;Depositary&#8221; means, with respect to the Securities of any series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities (as defined below), the person designated as Depositary for such series by the Corporation, which Depositary shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act (as defined below); and if at any time there is more than one such person, &#8220;Depositary&#8221; as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Securities of such series.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Exchange Act&#8221; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;GAAP&#8221; means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession, which are applicable to the circumstances as of the Closing Date. </font></font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">2</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Global Security&#8221; shall mean a Security issued to evidence all or a part of any series of Securities that is executed by the Corporation and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee to a Depositary or pursuant to such Depositary&#8217;s instructions, all in accordance with this Indenture and pursuant to Section 2.01, which shall be registered as to principal and interest in the name of such Depositary or its nominee. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#8220;Holder&#8221; or &#8220;Securityholder&#8221; means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the register of Securities kept by the Registrar. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Indenture&#8221; means this Indenture, as amended or supplemented from time to time. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#8220;Interest&#8221; when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount Security (as defined below) that by its terms bears interest only after Maturity (as defined below), means interest payable after Maturity. </font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#8220;Maturity&#8221; when used with respect to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at Stated Maturity (as defined below) or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#8220;Officer&#8221; means, with respect to any Person, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Operating Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, any Vice-President, the Treasurer, the Controller, the Secretary, any Assistant Treasurer or any Assistant Secretary of such Person. </font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#8220;Officers&#8217; Certificate&#8221; means a certificate signed by two or more Officers, one of whom must be the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer of the Corporation, that meets the requirements of Section 11.05 hereof.</font></div>

<div align="justify">&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Opinion of Counsel&#8221; means an opinion from legal counsel who is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee that meets the requirements of Section 11.05 hereof. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Corporation or the Trustee. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#8220;Original Issue Discount Security&#8221; means any Security which provides that an amount less than its principal amount is due and payable upon acceleration after an Event of Default. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#8220;Person&#8221; means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or other entity. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#8220;principal&#8221; of a Security means the principal amount due on the Stated Maturity of the Security plus the premium, if any, on the Security. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Securities&#8221; means the Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.</font></div>

<div align="justify">&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Securities Act&#8221; means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#8220;Stated Maturity&#8221; when used with respect to any Security or any installment of interest thereon, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of interest is due and payable.</font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">3</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#8220;Subsidiary&#8221; means, with respect to any specified Person: (i) any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of capital stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees of the corporation, association or other business entity is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by that Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that Person (or a combination thereof); and (ii) any partnership (a) the sole general partner or the managing general partner of which is such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person, or (b) the only general partners of which are that Person or one or more Subsidiaries of that Person (or any combination thereof).</font></div>

<div align="justify">&#160;</div>

<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#8220;TIA&#8221; means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S.C. &#167;&#167;77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date on which this Indenture is qualified under the TIA;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> provided</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, </font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, that in the event the TIA is amended after such date, &#8220;TIA&#8221; means, to the extent required by such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act, as amended. </font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Trust Officer&#8221; when used with respect to the Trustee, means any officer with direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject. </font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;Trustee&#8221; means the party named as such above until a successor becomes such pursuant to this Indenture and thereafter means or includes each party who is then a trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such party, &#8220;Trustee&#8221; as used with respect to the Securities of any series means the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series. If Trustees with respect to different series of Securities are trustees under this Indenture, nothing herein shall constitute the Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, and each Trustee shall be the trustee of a trust separate and apart from any trust administered by any other Trustee with respect to a different series of Securities. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;U.S. Government Obligations&#8221; means securities that are (i) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America that is not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by 
law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt. </font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Section 1.02</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Other Definitions</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; ">
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<td align="left" nowrap width="49%" style="BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Term</font></font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="50%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Defined in Section</font></font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="49%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#8220;Bankruptcy Law&#8221;</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="50%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">6.01</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="49%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#8220;Custodian&#8221;</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="50%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">6.01</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="49%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#8220;Event of Default&#8221;</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="50%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">6.01</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="49%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#8220;foreign government obligations&#8221;</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="50%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">8.01</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="49%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#8220;Legal Holiday&#8221;</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="50%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">11.07</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="49%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#8220;Paying Agent&#8221;</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="50%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">2.03</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom">
<td align="left" nowrap width="49%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#8220;Place of Payment&#8221;</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="50%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">2.01</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="49%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#8220;redemption price&#8221;</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="50%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">3.03</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="49%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">&#8220;Registrar&#8221;</font></td>
<td nowrap width="50%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">2.03</font></td>
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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Section 1.03</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings: </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;indenture securities&#8221; means the Securities.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;indenture securityholder&#8221; means a Securityholder.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;indenture to be qualified&#8221; means this Indenture. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;indenture trustee&#8221; or &#8220;institutional trustee&#8221; means the Trustee. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#8220;obligor&#8221; on the Securities means the Corporation and any successor obligor on the Securities. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by Commission rule under the TIA have the meanings so assigned to them.</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Section 1.04</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Rules of Construction</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Unless the context otherwise requires:</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(a) a term has the meaning assigned to it;</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(b) an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(c) &#8220;or&#8221; is not exclusive;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(d) words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(e) provisions apply to successive events and transactions; and</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(f) references to sections of or rules under the Securities Act shall be deemed to include substitute, replacement of successor sections or rules adopted by the SEC from time to time.</font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">ARTICLE 2<br>
THE SECURITIES</font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 2.01</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Unlimited In Amount, Issuable In Series, Form, and Dating</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution or an Officers&#8217; Certificate pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series:</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(a) the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of the series from all other Securities);</font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">5</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(b) the series designation and whether they are senior Securities, senior subordinated Securities or subordinated Securities;</font></div>

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<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font id="TAB2" style="LETTER-SPACING: 3pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>&#160;(c) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of Securities of the series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, in exchange for or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to this Article 2);</font> </div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(d) the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount) at which the Securities will be issued and, if other than the principal amount of the Securities, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities payable upon the maturity of the debt securities;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(e) the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(f) the rate or rates that may be fixed or variable at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, or the manner in which such rate or rates shall be determined, the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, the interest payment dates on which such interest shall be payable and the record dates for the determination of Holders to whom interest is payable;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(g) the place or places where the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on Securities of the series shall be payable or the method of such payment, if by wire transfer, mail or by other means, if other than as provided herein, and where the Securities can be surrendered for transfer, exchange or conversion;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(h) the price or prices at which (if any), the period or periods within which (if any) and the terms and conditions upon which (if other than as provided herein) Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option, or as an obligation, of the Corporation;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(i) the obligation, if any, of the Corporation to redeem, purchase or repay Securities of the series, in whole or in part, pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the price or prices at which and the period and periods within which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series shall be redeemed, purchased or repaid pursuant to such obligation;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(j) the dates, if any, on which, and the price or prices at which, the Securities of the series will be repurchased by the Corporation at the option of the Holders thereof and other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations;</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(k) if convertible, the initial conversion price, the conversion period and any other terms governing such conversion;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(l) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any multiple thereof, the denominations in which Securities of the series shall be issuable;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(m) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.02 hereof;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(n) any addition to, change in or deletion from the covenants set forth in Articles 4 or 5 that applies to Securities of the series;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(o) any addition to, changes in or deletion from the Events of Default with respect to the Securities of a particular series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 6.02 hereof;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(p) the Trustee for the series of Securities;</font></div>

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<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font size="2">6</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(q) the forms of the Securities of the series in bearer or fully registered form (and, if in fully registered form, whether the Securities will be issuable, in whole or in part, as Global Securities);</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2">(r) whether the Securities of the series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of a Global Security or Securities, the terms and conditions, if any, upon which such Global Security or Securities may be exchanged in whole or in part for other individual Securities and the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities;</font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(s) the provisions, if any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the series;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(t) any other terms of the series (which terms may modify, supplement or delete any provision of this Indenture with respect to such series;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> provided, however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, that no such term may modify or delete any provision hereof if imposed by the TIA; and</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> provided, further</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, that any modification or deletion of the rights, duties or immunities of the Trustee hereunder shall have been consented to in writing by the Trustee);</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(u) the terms and conditions, if any, upon which the Securities of the series shall be exchanged for or converted into other securities or property of the Corporation or securities of another person;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(v) any depositories, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to Securities of such series if other than those appointed herein;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(w) whether the Securities rank as senior subordinated Securities or subordinated Securities or any combination thereof and the terms of any such subordination;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(x) the form and terms of any guarantee of any Securities of the series;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(y) the terms and conditions of any defeasance provisions;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(z) the currency of denomination of the Securities;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(aa) the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of principal of, premium and interest on the Securities will be made;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(bb) whether the Securities will be listed on any securities exchange or quotation system;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(cc) if payments of principal of, premium or interest on the Securities will be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which the Securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to these payments will be determined;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(dd) the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of, premium or interest on the Securities will be determined, if these amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies other than that in which the Securities are denominated or designated to be payable or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(ee) whether and under what circumstances, if any, additional amounts on any Securities will be paid in respect of any tax, assessment or governmental charge and, if so, whether the Corporation will have the option to redeem the Securities instead of making the payment;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(ff) the terms and conditions pertaining to transfer, sale or other assignment of the Securities; and</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(gg) if the Securities are to be issued upon the exercise of debt warrants, the time, manner and place for the Securities to be authenticated and delivered.</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">All Securities of any series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to such Board Resolution or Officers&#8217; Certificate or in any such indenture supplemental hereto.</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">The principal of and any interest on the Securities shall be payable at the office or agency of the Corporation designated in the form of Security for the series (each such place herein called the &#8220;Place of Payment&#8221;);</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> provided, however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, that payment of interest may be made at the option of the Corporation by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the register of Securities referred to in Section 2.03 hereof.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Each Security shall be in one of the forms approved from time to time by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or Officers&#8217; Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Prior to the delivery of a Security to the Trustee for authentication in any form approved by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or Officers&#8217; Certificate, the Corporation shall deliver to the Trustee the Board Resolution or Officers&#8217; Certificate by or pursuant to which such form of Security has been approved, which Board Resolution or Officers&#8217; Certificate shall have attached thereto a true and correct copy of the form of Security that has been approved by or pursuant thereto.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Securities may have notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 2.02</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Execution and Authentication</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>One or more Officers shall sign the Securities for the Corporation by manual or facsimile signature.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>A Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Trustee shall authenticate Securities for original issue upon receipt of a Corporation Order. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Corporation to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Corporation or an Affiliate of the Corporation. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 2.03</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Registrar and Paying Agent</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Corporation shall maintain an office or agency where Securities of a particular series may be presented for registration of transfer or for exchange (the &#8220;Registrar&#8221;) and an office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented for payment (a &#8220;Paying Agent&#8221;). The Registrar for a particular series of Securities shall keep a register of the Securities of that series and of their registration of transfer and exchange. The Corporation may appoint one or more co-Registrars and one or more additional paying agents for each series of Securities. The term &#8220;Paying Agent&#8221; includes any additional paying agent. The Corporation may change any Paying Agent, Registrar or co-Registrar without prior notice to any Securityholder. The Corporation shall notify the Trustee in writing of the name and address of any Agent not
 a party to this Indenture. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If the Corporation fails to maintain a Registrar or Paying Agent for any series of Securities, the Trustee shall act as such. The Corporation or any of its Affiliates may act as Paying Agent, Registrar or co-Registrar. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>The Corporation hereby appoints the Trustee the initial Registrar and Paying Agent for each series of Securities unless another Registrar or Paying Agent, as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that series are first issued. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 2.04</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Whenever the Corporation has one or more Paying Agents it will, prior to each due date of the principal of, or interest on, any Securities, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal or interest, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Corporation will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">The Corporation shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that such Paying Agent will hold in trust for the benefit of the Securityholders of the particular series for which it is acting, or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal or interest on the Securities of such series, and that such Paying Agent will notify the Trustee of any Default by the Corporation or any other obligor of the series of Securities in making any such payment and at any time during the continuance of any such Default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent. If the Corporation or an Affiliate acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of the Securityholders of the particular series for which it is acting all money held by it as Paying Agent. The 
Corporation at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon so doing, the Paying Agent (if other than the Corporation or an Affiliate of the Corporation) shall have no further liability for such money. Upon any bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings relating to the Corporation, the Trustee shall serve as Paying Agent for the Securities. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 2.05</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Securityholder Lists</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Securityholders, separately by series, and shall otherwise comply with TIA Section 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Corporation shall furnish to the Trustee at least seven Business Days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, a list in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and addresses of Securityholders, separately by series, relating to such interest payment date or request, as the case may be. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 2.06</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Transfer and Exchange</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Where Securities of a series are presented to the Registrar or a co-Registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities of the same series of other authorized denominations, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for such transactions are met. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Corporation shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar&#8217;s request. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange, but the Corporation may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than any such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.09, 2.13, 3.06 or 9.04).</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Corporation need not issue, and the Registrar or co-Registrar need not register the transfer or exchange of, (i) any Security of a particular series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of any selection of Securities of that series for redemption under Section 3.02 and ending at the close of business on the day of selection, or (ii) any Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security of that series being redeemed in part. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 2.07</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Replacement Securities</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If a mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee or if the Holder of a Security claims that the Security has been lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken, the Corporation shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate a replacement Security of same series if the Corporation&#8217;s and the Trustee&#8217;s requirements are met. The Trustee or the Corporation may require an indemnity bond to be furnished which is sufficient in the judgment of both to protect the Corporation, the Trustee and any Agent from any loss which any of them may suffer if a Security is replaced. The Corporation or the Trustee may charge such Holder for its expenses in replacing a Security. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Every replacement Security is an obligation of the Corporation and shall be entitled to all the benefit of the Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of the same series. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 2.08</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Outstanding Securities</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">The Securities of any series outstanding at any time are all the Securities of that series authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation and those described in this Section as not outstanding. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.07, it ceases to be outstanding unless the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a protected purchaser. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If Securities are considered paid under Section 4.01, they cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Except as set forth in Section 2.09 hereof, a Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Corporation or an Affiliate holds the Security. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>For each series of Original Issue Discount Securities, the principal amount of such Securities that shall be deemed to be outstanding and used to determine whether the necessary Holders have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver shall be the principal amount of such Securities that could be declared to be due and payable upon acceleration upon an Event of Default as of the date of such determination. When requested by the Trustee, the Corporation shall advise the Trustee of such amount, showing its computations in reasonable detail. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 2.09</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Temporary Securities</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Until definitive Securities are ready for delivery, the Corporation may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities upon a Corporation Order. Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Corporation considers appropriate for temporary Securities. Without unreasonable delay, the Corporation shall prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate definitive Securities in exchange for temporary Securities. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Holders of temporary securities shall be entitled to all of the benefits of this Indenture. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 2.10</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Cancellation</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Corporation at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation and shall return such canceled Securities to the Corporation at the Corporation&#8217;s written request. The Corporation may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or that have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation. </font></div>

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<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font size="2">10</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 2.11</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Defaulted Interest</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If the Corporation fails to make a payment of interest on any series of Securities, the Corporation shall pay such defaulted interest plus (to the extent lawful) any interest payable on the defaulted interest, in any lawful manner. It may elect to pay such defaulted interest, plus any such interest payable on it, to the Persons who are Holders of such Securities on which the interest is due on a subsequent special record date. The Corporation shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of defaulted interest proposed to be paid on each such Security and the date of the proposed payment. The Corporation shall fix or cause to be fixed any such record date and payment date for such payment, provided that no such special record date shall be less than 10 days prior to the related payment date for such defaulted interest. At least 15 days before any such
 record date, the Corporation shall mail to Securityholders affected thereby a notice that states the record date, payment date and amount of such interest to be paid. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 2.12</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Special Record Dates</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(a) The Corporation may, but shall not be obligated to, set a record date for the purpose of determining the identity of Holders entitled to consent to any supplement, amendment or waiver permitted by this Indenture. If a record date is fixed, the Holders of Securities of that series outstanding on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to consent to such supplement, amendment or waiver or revoke any consent previously given, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date. No consent shall be valid or effective for more than 90 days after such record date unless consents from Holders of the principal amount of Securities of that series required hereunder for such amendment or waiver to be effective shall have also 
been given and not revoked within such 90-day period.</font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(b) The Corporation may, but shall not be obligated to, fix any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders of any series of Securities entitled to join in the giving or making of any notice of Default, any declaration of acceleration, any request to institute proceedings or any other similar direction. If a record date is fixed, the Holders of Securities of that series outstanding on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to join in such notice, declaration, request or direction, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> provided, however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, that no such action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the
 date 90 days after such record date. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 2.13</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Global Securities</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(a) Terms of Securities. A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers&#8217; Certificate shall establish whether the Securities of a series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(b) Transfer and Exchange. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section 2.06 of this Indenture and in addition thereto, any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section 2.06 of this Indenture for securities registered in the names of Holders other than the Depositary for such Security or its nominee only if: (i) such Depositary notifies the Corporation that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or if at any time such Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, the Corporation fails to appoint a successor Depositary within 90 days of such event; or (ii) the Corporation executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officers&#8217; Certificate to the effect that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable. Any Global Security that is 
exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be exchangeable for Securities registered in such names as the Depositary shall direct in writing in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security with like tenor and terms. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Except as provided in this paragraph (b) of this Section, a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary with respect to such Global Security to a nominee of such Depositary, by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(c) Legend. Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>&#8220;Unless this certificate is presented by an authorized representative of The Depository Trust Corporation, a New York corporation (&#8220;DTC&#8221;), New York, New York, to the issuer or its agent for registration of transfer, exchange or payment and any certificate issued is registered in the name of Cede &amp; Co. or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC (and any payment is made to Cede &amp; Co. or such other entity as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL inasmuch as the registered owner hereof, Cede &amp; Co. has an interest herein. Transfer of this Global Security shall be limited to transfers in whole, but not in part, to nominees of DTC or to a successor thereof or such successor&#8217;s nominee and limited to transfers made 
in accordance with the restrictions set forth in the Indenture referred to herein.&#8221;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(d) Acts of Holders. The Depositary, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under this Indenture. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(e) Payments. Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.01 hereof, payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Person specified therein.</font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(f) Consents, Declaration and Directions. Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this Section, the Corporation, the Trustee and any Agent shall treat a Person as the Holder of such principal amount of outstanding Securities of such series represented by a Global Security as shall be specified in a written statement of the Depositary with respect to such Global Security, for purposes of obtaining any consents, declarations or directions required to be given by the Holders pursuant to this Indenture. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 2.14</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> CUSIP Numbers</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">The Corporation in issuing any series of Securities may use &#8220;CUSIP&#8221; numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use &#8220;CUSIP&#8221; numbers in notices as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on such Securities or as contained in any notice and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on such Securities, and any such action relating to such notice shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers in such notice. The Corporation shall promptly notify the Trustee of any change in the &#8220;CUSIP&#8221; numbers. </font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">ARTICLE 3<br>
REDEMPTION</font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 3.01</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Notices to Trustee</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If the Corporation elects to redeem Securities of any series pursuant to any optional redemption provisions thereof, it shall furnish to the Trustee at least 30 days, but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, an Officer&#8217;s Certificate which shall specify (i) the provisions of such Security or this Indenture pursuant to which the redemption shall occur, (ii) the redemption date, (iii) the principal amount of Securities of that series to be redeemed and (iv) the redemption price. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If the Corporation elects to reduce the principal amount of Securities of any series to be redeemed pursuant to mandatory redemption provisions thereof, it shall notify the Trustee of the amount of, and the basis for, any such reduction. If the Corporation elects to credit against any such mandatory redemption Securities it has not previously delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, it shall deliver such Securities with such notice. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 3.02</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Selection of Securities to Be Redeemed</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed, or purchased in an offer to purchase at any time, the Trustee shall select the Securities of that series to be redeemed or purchased as follows: (1) if the Securities of such series are listed on any national securities exchange, in compliance with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange on which the Securities of that series are listed; or (2) if the Securities of that series are not listed on a national securities exchange, on a pro rata basis, by lot or by such other method as the Trustee deems fair and appropriate. In the event of a partial redemption or purchase by lot, the particular Securities to be redeemed or purchased will be selected not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the redemption or purchase date by the Trustee from Securities of that serie
s outstanding and not previously called for redemption. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Trustee shall notify the Corporation promptly in writing of the Securities or portions of Securities to be called for redemption or purchase and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial redemption or purchase, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed or purchased. Except as otherwise provided as to any particular series of Securities, Securities and portions thereof that the Trustee selects shall be in amounts equal to the minimum authorized denomination for Securities of the series to be redeemed or purchased or any integral multiple thereof, except that if all of the Securities of the series are to be redeemed or purchased, the entire outstanding amount of the Securities of the series held by such Holder, even if not equal to the minimum authorized denomination for the Securities of that series, shall be redeemed or purchased. Provisi
ons of this Indenture that apply to Securities called for redemption also apply to portions of Securities called for redemption. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 3.03</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Notice of Redemption</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Except as otherwise provided as to any particular series of Securities, at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Corporation shall mail a notice of redemption to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed.</font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The notice shall identify the Securities of the series to be redeemed and shall state:</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(1) the redemption date;</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(2) the redemption price fixed in accordance with the terms of the Securities of the series to be redeemed, plus accrued interest, if any, to the date fixed for redemption (the &#8220;redemption price&#8221;);</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(3) if any Security is being redeemed in part, the portion of the principal amount of such Security to be redeemed and that, after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion will be issued upon cancellation of the original Securities;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(4) the name and address of the Paying Agent;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(5) that Securities called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(6) that, unless the Corporation defaults in payment of the redemption price, interest on Securities called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(7) the CUSIP number, if any, of the Securities to be redeemed;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(8) the paragraph of the Securities and/or the section of the Indenture pursuant to which the Securities called for redemption are being redeemed; and</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(9) that no representation is made as to the correctness or accuracy of the CUSIP number, if any, listed in such notice or printed on the Securities. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>At the Corporation&#8217;s request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Corporation&#8217;s name and at its expense;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> provided, however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, that the Corporation shall have delivered to the Trustee, at least 45 days prior to the redemption date, an Officers&#8217; Certificate requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice as provided in the preceding paragraph. The notice mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given whether or not the Holder receives such notice. In any case, failure to give such notice by mail or any defect in the notice of the Holder of any Secu
rity shall not affect the validity of the proceeding for the redemption of any other Security. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 3.04</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Effect of Notice of Redemption</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Except if the giving of a notice of redemption would violate the terms of the Corporation&#8217;s credit agreement, and subject to the subordination provisions of any series of Securities, once notice of redemption is mailed in accordance with Section 3.03 hereof, Securities called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date for the redemption price. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities will be paid at the Redemption Price. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 3.05</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Deposit of Redemption Price</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>On or before 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the redemption or purchase date, the Corporation shall deposit with the Trustee or Paying Agent (or, if the Corporation or any Affiliate is the Paying Agent, shall segregate and hold in trust) money sufficient to pay the redemption or purchase price of all Securities called for redemption on that date other than Securities that have previously been delivered by the Corporation to the Trustee for cancellation. The Paying Agent shall return to the Corporation any money not required for that purpose.</font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If the Corporation complies with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, on and after the redemption or purchase date, interest shall cease to accrue on the Securities (or the portions thereof) called for redemption or purchase. If a Security is redeemed or purchased on or after an interest record date but on or prior to the related interest payment date, then any accrued and unpaid interest shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Securities were registered at the close of business on such record date. If any Securities called for redemption or purchase shall not be so paid upon surrender for redemption because of the failure of the Corporation to comply with the preceding paragraph, interest shall be paid on the unpaid principal, from the redemption or purchase date until such principal is paid, and to the extent lawful on any interest not pai
d on such unpaid principal, in each case at the rate provided in accordance with the terms of the Securities of the series to be redeemed. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 3.06</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Securities Redeemed or Purchased in Part</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed or purchased in part, the Corporation shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder at the expense of the Corporation a new Security of same series equal in principal amount to the unredeemed or unpurchased portion of the Security surrendered.</font></div>

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</font></font>COVENANTS</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Section 4.01</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Payment of Securities</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Corporation shall pay or cause to be paid the principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the Securities on the dates and in the manner provided in this Indenture and the Securities. Principal, premium, if any, and interest shall be considered paid on the date due if the Paying Agent, if other than the Corporation or an Affiliate, holds as of 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on that date immediately available funds designated for and sufficient to pay all principal, premium, if any, and interest then due. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>To the extent lawful, the Corporation shall pay interest on overdue principal and overdue installments of interest at the rate per annum borne by the applicable series of Securities. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 4.02</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Maintenance of Office or Agency</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Corporation shall maintain in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, an office or agency (which may be an office of the Trustee or an affiliate of the Trustee or Registrar) where Securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Corporation in respect of the Securities and this Indenture may be served. The Corporation shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Corporation shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Corporation may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> provided, however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Corporation of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York for such purposes. The Corporation shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Corporation hereby designates the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee as one such office or agency of the Corporation in accordance with Section 2.03.</font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 4.03</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Reports</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Corporation shall deliver to the Trustee within 15 days after it files them with the Commission copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Commission may by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Corporation is required to file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> provided, however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> the Corporation shall not be required to deliver to the Trustee any materials for which the Corporation has sought and received confidential treatment by the Commission. The Corporation also shall comply with the other provisions of TIA Section 314(a). </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee is for informational purposes only and the Trustee&#8217;s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Corporation&#8217;s compliance with any of its covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officers&#8217; Certificates). </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(a) The Corporation shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Corporation, an Officers&#8217; Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Corporation and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers (one of whom shall be the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer of the Corporation) with a view to determining whether the Corporation has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his or her knowledge the Corporation has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default in the performance or observ
ance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of this Indenture (or, if a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred, describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which he or she may have knowledge and what action the Corporation is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto) and that to the best of his or her knowledge no event has occurred and remains in existence by reason of which payments on account of the principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities is prohibited or if such event has occurred, a description of the event and what action the Corporation is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto.</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(b) The Corporation shall, so long as any of the Securities are outstanding, deliver to the Trustee, forthwith upon becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, an Officers&#8217; Certificate specifying such Default or Event of Default and what action the Corporation is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 4.05</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Taxes</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Corporation shall pay prior to delinquency, all material taxes, assessments and governmental levies except such as are contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings or where the failure to effect such payment is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders of any Securities. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 4.06</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Stay, Extension, and Usury Laws</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Corporation covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it shall not at any time insist upon, plead or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, that may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Corporation (to the extent that they may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefits or advantages of any such law, and covenant that it shall not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but shall suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 4.07</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Calculation of Original Issue Discount</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If, as of the end of any fiscal year of the Corporation, the Corporation has any outstanding Original Issue Discount Securities under the Indenture, the Corporation shall file with the Trustee promptly following the end of such fiscal year (i) a written notice specifying the amount of original issue discount (including daily rates and accrual periods) accrued on such Original Issue Discount Securities as of the end of such year and (ii) such other specific information relating to such original issue discount as may then be required under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time. </font></font></font></font></div>

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SUCCESSORS</font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 5.01</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> When Corporation May Merge, Etc</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>In addition to provisions applicable to a particular series of Securities, the Corporation shall not directly or indirectly: (i) consolidate or merge with or into another Person (whether or not the Corporation is the surviving Person); or (ii) sell, assign, transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the properties or assets of the Corporation and its Subsidiaries in one or more related transactions to any Person unless:</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(1) either: (x) the Corporation is the surviving Person; or (y) the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than the Corporation) or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall have been made is a Person organized or existing under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(2) the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than the Corporation) or the Person to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall have been made assumes (by supplemental indenture reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee) all the obligations of the Corporation under the Securities and this Indenture; and</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(3) immediately after the transaction no Default or Event of Default exists. </font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Corporation shall deliver to the Trustee on or prior to the consummation of the proposed transaction an Officers&#8217; Certificate to the foregoing effect and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and such supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture (although counsel need not opine as to clause (3) above).</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 5.02</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Successor Person Substituted</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition (other than by lease) of all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation in accordance with Section 5.01 hereof, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Corporation is merged or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance or other disposition, the provisions of this Indenture referring to the &#8220;Corporation&#8221; shall refer instead to the successor Person and not to the Corporation), and may exercise every right and power of, the Corporation under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Corporation herein;</fo
nt><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> provided, however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, that the predecessor Corporation shall not be relieved from the obligation to pay principal of, and interest on, any Securities except in the case of a sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Corporation&#8217;s assets that meets the requirements of Section 5.01 hereof. </font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">ARTICLE 6<br>
</font></font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES</font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 6.01</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Events of Default</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>An &#8220;Event of Default&#8221; occurs with respect to Securities of any particular series if, unless as otherwise provided in the establishing Board Resolution, Officers&#8217; Certificate, or supplemental indenture hereto:</font></font></font></div>

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<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(1) the Corporation defaults in the payment of interest on any Security of that series when the same becomes due and payable and the Default continues for a period of 30 days;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(2) the Corporation defaults in the payment, when due, of the principal of, or premium, if any, on any Security of that series when the same becomes due and payable at Maturity, upon redemption (including in connection with any offer to purchase under the terms of such Securities), or otherwise;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(3) an Event of Default, as defined in the Securities of that series, occurs and is continuing, or the Corporation fails to comply with any of its other agreements in the Securities of that series or in this Indenture with respect to that series and the Default continues for the period and after the notice specified below;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(4) the Corporation pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(A) commences a voluntary case;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(B) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(C) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(D) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(E) admits in writing its inability generally to pay its debts as the same become due;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(5) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(A) is for relief against the Corporation in an involuntary case;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(B) appoints a Custodian of the Corporation or for all or substantially all of its property; or</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(C) orders the liquidation of the Corporation; and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days; or</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(6) any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that series which is specified in a Board Resolution, Officers&#8217; Certificate, or supplemental indenture establishing that series of Securities. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The term &#8220;Bankruptcy Law&#8221; means Title 11, U.S. Code or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors. The term &#8220;Custodian&#8221; means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2">A Default under clause (3) above is not an Event of Default with respect to a particular series of Securities until the Trustee or the Holders of at least 50% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series notify the Corporation of the Default and the Corporation does not cure the Default within 60 days after receipt of the notice. The notice must specify the Default, demand that it be remedied and state that the notice is a &#8220;Notice of Default.&#8221; Such notice shall be given by the Trustee if so requested in writing by the Holders of 50% of the principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series.</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Section 6.02</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Acceleration</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series (other than an Event of Default specified in clauses (4) and (5) of Section 6.01) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee by notice to the Corporation, or the Holders of at least 50% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series by notice to the Corporation and the Trustee, may, subject to any prior notice requirements set forth in any supplemental indenture, declare the unpaid principal (or, in the case of Original Issue Discount Securities, such lesser amount as may be provided for in such Securities) of and any accrued interest on all the Securities of that series to be due and payable on the Securities of that series. Upon such declaration the principal (or such lesser amount) and interest shall be due and payable immediately. If an Event of Default specified in cla
use (4) or (5) of Section 6.01 occurs, all of such amount shall become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series by notice to the Trustee may rescind an acceleration and its consequences if the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree and if all existing Events of Default with respect to that series have been cured or waived except nonpayment of principal (or such lesser amount) or interest that has become due solely because of the acceleration. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 6.03</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Other Remedies</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may pursue any available remedy to collect the payment of principal or interest on the Securities of that series or to enforce the performance of any provision of the Securities of that series or this Indenture. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Trustee may maintain a proceeding even if it does not possess any of the Securities or does not produce any of them in the proceeding. A delay or omission by the Trustee or any Securityholder in exercising any right or remedy accruing upon an Event of Default shall not impair the right or remedy or constitute a waiver of or acquiescence in the Event of Default. All remedies are cumulative to the extent permitted by law. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 6.04</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Waiver of Past Defaults</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Subject to Section 6.02, the Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series, by notice to the Trustee, may on behalf of the Holders of the Securities of that series, waive an existing Default or Event of Default with respect to that series and its consequences except a continuing Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal (including any mandatory sinking fund or like payment) of, premium, if any, or interest on any Security of that series (including in connection with an offer to purchase);</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> provided, however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, that the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Securities 
of any series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from any such acceleration. Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 6.05</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Control by Majority</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for exercising any remedy with respect to that series available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on it. However, the Trustee may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or this Indenture, that the Trustee determines may be unduly prejudicial to the rights of other Holders of Securities of that series or that may involve the Trustee in personal liability. The Trustee may take any other action which it deems proper that is not inconsistent with any such direction. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be obligated to take any action with respect to the provisions of Section 6.02 unless directed to do so pursua
nt to this Section 6.05. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 6.06</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Limitation on Suits</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>A Holder of Securities of any series may not pursue a remedy with respect to this Indenture or the Securities unless: </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(1) the Holder gives to the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to that series;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(2) the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series make a written request to the Trustee to pursue the remedy;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(3) such Holder or Holders offer, and, if requested, provide to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or expense;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(4) the Trustee does not comply with the request within 60 days after receipt of the request and the offer and, if requested, the provision of indemnity; and</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(5) during such 60-day period the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>No Holder of any series of Securities may use this Indenture to prejudice the rights of another Holder of Securities of that series or to obtain a preference or priority over another Holder of Securities of that series. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 6.07</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Rights of Holders to Receive Payment</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, the right of any Holder of a Security to receive payment of principal, premium, if any, and interest on the Security, on or after the respective due dates expressed in the Security (including in connection with any offer to purchase), or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates, shall not, except as provided in the subordination provisions, if any, applicable to such Security, be impaired or affected without the consent of the Holder. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 6.08</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Collection Suit by Trustee</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(1) or (2) hereof occurs and is continuing with respect to Securities of any series, the Trustee may recover judgment in its own name and as trustee of an express trust against the Corporation for the whole amount of principal (or such portion of the principal as may be specified as due upon acceleration at that time in the terms of that series of Securities), premium, if any, and interest, remaining unpaid on the Securities of that series then outstanding, together with (to the extent lawful) interest on overdue principal and interest, and such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and, to the extent lawful, expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee unde
r Section 7.07 hereof. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 6.09</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Trustee May File Proofs of Claim</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Trustee may file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due to the Trustee under Section 7.07 hereof) and the Securityholders allowed in any judicial proceedings relative to the Corporation (or any other obligor on the Securities), its creditors or its property and shall be entitled to and empowered to collect, receive and distribute any money or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims, and any custodian in any such judicial proceedings is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments t
o the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agent and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07 hereof.</font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding. </font></font></font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 6.10</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Priorities</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If the Trustee collects any money with respect to Securities of any series pursuant to this Article, it shall pay out the money in the following order:</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>FIRST: to the Trustee, its agents and attorneys for amounts due under Section 7.07 hereof, including payment of all compensation, expense and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and the costs and expenses of collection;</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">SECOND: in accordance with the subordination provisions, if any, of the Securities of such series;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>THIRD: to Securityholders for amounts due and unpaid on the Securities of such series for principal, premium, if any, and interest, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on the Securities of such series for principal, premium, if any, and interest, respectively; and</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>FOURTH: to the Corporation or to such party as a court of competent jurisdiction shall direct.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Trustee may fix a record date and payment date for any payment to Holders of Securities of any series pursuant to this Section. The Trustee shall notify the Corporation in writing reasonably in advance of any such record date and payment date. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 6.11</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Undertaking for Costs</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as a Trustee, a court in its discretion may require the filing by any party litigant in the suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of the suit, and the court in its discretion may assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys&#8217; fees and expenses, against any party litigant in the suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defense made by the party litigant. This Section does not apply to a suit by the Trustee, a suit by a Holder pursuant to Section 6.07 hereof or a suit by Holders of more than 10% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series. </font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">ARTICLE 7<br>
TRUSTEE</font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 7.01</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Duties of Trustee</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(a) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(b) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default known to the Trustee: </font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(i) the duties of the Trustee shall be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture or the TIA and the Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture or the TIA and no others, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and</font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(ii) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture. However, in the case of any certificates or opinions which by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine the certificates and opinions to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations or other facts stated therein). </font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(c) The Trustee may not be relieved from liabilities for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, except that:</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(i) this paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(ii) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a responsible officer of the Trustee, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(iii) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a direction received by it pursuant to Section 6.05 hereof.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(d) Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this Section. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(e) No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or incur any liability. The Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power, including without limitation, the provisions of Section 6.05 hereof, unless it receives security and indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense.</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(f) The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Corporation. Absent written instruction from the Corporation, the Trustee shall not be required to invest any such money. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 7.02</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Rights of Trustee</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Subject to TIA Section 315(a) through (d): </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(a) The Trustee may conclusively rely on any document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(b) Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers&#8217; Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel, or both. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officers&#8217; Certificate or Opinion of Counsel. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(c) The Trustee may act through agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(d) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights or powers under the Indenture, unless the Trustee&#8217;s conduct constitutes negligence. </font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(e) Unless otherwise specifically provided in this Indenture, any demand, request, direction or notice from the Corporation shall be sufficient if signed by an Officer of the Corporation. </font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(f) The Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection and may rely upon the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel. </font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(g) The Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default unless a Trust Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event that is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Securities generally or the Securities of a particular series, as the case may be, and this Indenture. </font></font></font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(h) The permissive rights of the Trustee to do things enumerated in this Indenture shall not be construed as duties. </font></font></font></div>

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<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 7.03</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Individual Rights of Trustee</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Corporation or an Affiliate with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. However, the Trustee is subject to TIA Sections 310(b) and 311. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 7.04</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Trustee&#8217;s Disclaimer</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Trustee makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities, it shall not be accountable for the Corporation&#8217;s use of the proceeds from the Securities and it shall not be responsible for any statement in the Securities other than its certificate of authentication. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 7.05</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Notice of Defaults</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If a Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of any series occurs and is continuing and if it is known to the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to all Holders of Securities of that series a notice of the Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment on any such Security, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as a committee of its Trust Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of such Securityholders. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 7.06</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Reports by Trustee to Holders</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Within 60 days after May 15 in each year, the Trustee with respect to any series of Securities shall mail to Holders of Securities of that series as provided in TIA Section 313(c) a brief report dated as of such May 15 that complies with TIA Section 313(a) (if such report is required by TIA Section 313(a)). The Trustee shall also comply with TIA Section 313(b)(2). </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to Securityholders shall be mailed to the Corporation and filed with the Commission and each stock exchange on which any of the Securities are listed, as required by TIA Section 313(d). The Corporation shall notify the Trustee when the Securities are listed on any stock exchange, and of any delisting thereof. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 7.07</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Compensation and Indemnity</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Corporation shall pay to the Trustee from time to time such compensation as shall be agreed upon in writing for its services hereunder. The Corporation shall reimburse the Trustee upon written request for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and out-of-pocket expenses of the Trustee&#8217;s agents and counsel. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Corporation shall indemnify each of the Trustee or any predecessor Trustee for any loss, liability, damage, claims or expenses, including taxes (other than taxes based upon, measured by or determined by, the income of the Trustee) incurred by it, without negligence or bad faith on its part, in connection with the acceptance or administration of this Indenture and its duties hereunder. The Trustee shall notify the Corporation promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. The Corporation shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have separate counsel at its own expense. The Corporation need not pay for any settlement made without its consent. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>To secure the Corporation&#8217;s payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee in its capacity as Trustee, except money or property held in trust to pay principal and interest on particular Securities. Such lien will survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(4) or (5) hereof occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services will be intended to constitute expenses of administration under any applicable Bankruptcy Law. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>This Section 7.07 shall survive the resignation or removal of the Trustee and the termination of this Indenture. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 7.08</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Replacement of Trustee</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>A resignation or removal of the Trustee with respect to one or more or all series of Securities and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee&#8217;s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Trustee may resign with respect to one or more or all series of Securities by so notifying the Corporation in writing. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series may remove the Trustee as to that series by so notifying the Trustee in writing and may appoint a successor Trustee with the Corporation&#8217;s consent. The Corporation may remove the Trustee with respect to one or more or all series of Securities if:</font></div>

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<td valign="top" width="100%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10 hereof;</font></td>
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<td valign="top" width="100%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">the Trustee is adjudged bankrupt or insolvent;</font></td>
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<td valign="top" width="100%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">a receiver or other public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or</font></td>
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<td valign="top" width="100%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">the Trustee becomes incapable of acting.</font></td>
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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If, as to any series of Securities, the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Corporation shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee for that series. Within one year after the successor Trustee with respect to any series takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Corporation. If a successor Trustee as to a particular series does not take office within 60 days </font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Corporation or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of that series may petition any court of competent jurisdictio
n for the appointment of a successor Trustee. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">If the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10 hereof with respect to any series, any Holder of Securities of that series who satisfies the requirements of TIA Section 310(b) may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee for that series.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>A successor Trustee as to any series of Securities shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Corporation. Immediately after that, the retiring Trustee shall promptly transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee (subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.07 hereof), the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee under this Indenture as to that series. The successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to the Holders of Securities of that series. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.08, the Corporation&#8217;s obligations under Section 7.07 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring trustee.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Corporation, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and that (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to th
e Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary or desirable to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> provided, however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustee co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust hereunder separate and apart from any trust hereunder administered by any other such Trustee. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Section 7.09</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Successor Trustee by Merger, etc</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>If the Trustee as to any series of Securities consolidates, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee as to that series. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Section 7.10</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Eligibility; Disqualification</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Each series of Securities shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA Section 310(a)(1), (2), and (5). The Trustee as to any series of Securities shall always have a combined capital and surplus of at least $25,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. The Trustee is subject to TIA Section 310(b). </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>Section 7.11</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Preferential Collection of Claims Against Corporation</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font>The Trustee is subject to TIA Section 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA Section 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA Section 311(a) to the extent indicated therein. </font></div>

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</font></font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Section 8.01</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Satisfaction and Discharge</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>This Indenture will be discharged and will cease to be of further effect with respect to any series of Securities issued hereunder, when:</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(1) either:</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(a) all Securities of such series that have been authenticated (except lost, stolen or destroyed Securities that have been replaced or paid and Securities for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust and thereafter repaid to the Corporation) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(b) all Securities of such series that have not been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation have become due and payable by reason of the making of a notice of redemption or otherwise or will become due and payable within one year and the Corporation has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust solely for the benefit of the Holders, cash in U.S. dollars, non-callable U.S. Government Obligations, foreign government obligations or a combination thereof, in such amounts as will be sufficient without consideration of any reinvestment of interest, to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on the Securities not delivered to the Trustee for cancellation for principal, premium and accrued interest to the date of Maturity or redemption;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(2) no Default or Event of Default with respect to such series of Securities shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or shall occur as a result of such deposit and such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any other material instrument to which the Corporation is a party to or by which the Corporation is bound;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(3) the Corporation has paid or caused to be paid all sums payable by it under this Indenture with respect to such series of Securities; and</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(4) the Corporation has delivered irrevocable instructions to the Trustee under this Indenture to apply the deposited money toward the payment of the Securities of such series at Maturity or the redemption date, as the case may be. In addition, the Corporation must deliver an Officers&#8217; Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the Trustee stating that all conditions precedent to satisfaction and discharge have been satisfied. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Notwithstanding, the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with respect to a series of Securities, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (b) of clause (1) of this Section, the provisions of Section 8.06 shall survive.</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">For purposes of this Indenture, the term &#8220;foreign government obligations&#8221; means, with respect to Securities of any series that are denominated in a currency other than United States dollars, (a) direct obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its full faith and credit is pledged, which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof or (b) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by or acting as an agency or instrumentality of that government, the timely payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by that government, which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 8.02</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Option to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Unless Section 8.03 or 8.04 is otherwise specified to be inapplicable to Securities of a series, the Corporation may, at the option of its Board of Directors evidenced by a resolution set forth in an Officers&#8217; Certificate, at any time, elect to have either Section 8.03 or 8.04 hereof be applied to all outstanding Securities of any such series upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article 8. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 8.03</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Legal Defeasance and Discharge</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Upon the Corporation&#8217;s exercise under Section 8.02 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.03, the Corporation shall, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.05 hereof, be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to all outstanding Securities of any series on the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter, &#8220;Legal Defeasance&#8221;). For this purpose, Legal Defeasance means that the Corporation shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire Indebtedness represented by the outstanding Securities of a series, which shall thereafter be deemed to be &#8220;outstanding&#8221; only for the purposes of Section 8.06 hereof and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in (a) and (b) below, and to have satisfied all its other obligations under such Securit
ies and this Indenture (and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the Corporation, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following provisions which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (a) the rights of Holders of outstanding </font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Securities to receive solely from the trust fund described in Section 8.05 hereof, and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of, premium and interest on such Securities when such payments are due; (b) the Corporation&#8217;s obligations with respect to such Securities under Article 2 and Section 4.02 hereof; (c) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Corporation&#8217;s obligations in connection therewith; and (d) this Article 8. Subject to compliance with this Article 8, the Corporation may exercise its option under this Section 8.03 notwithstanding the prior exercise of i
ts option under Section 8.04 hereof. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Section 8.04</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Covenant Defeasance</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Upon the Corporation&#8217;s exercise under Section 8.02 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.04, the Corporation shall, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.05 hereof, be released from its obligations under the covenants contained in Sections 4.03, 4.04, 4.05, 4.06 and 4.07, and Section 5.01 hereof with respect to the outstanding Securities of any series on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 8.05 are satisfied (hereinafter, &#8220;Covenant Defeasance&#8221;), and the Securities of such series shall thereafter be deemed not &#8220;outstanding&#8221; for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration, or act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with such covenants, but shall continue to be deemed &#8220;outstanding&#8221; for all other purposes hereun
der (it being understood that such Securities shall not be deemed outstanding for accounting purposes). For this purpose, Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to the outstanding Securities of any series, the Corporation may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by reason of any reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 6.01 hereof, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby. In addition, upon the Corporation&#8217;s exercise under Section 8.02 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.04 hereof, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.05 hereof, Sections 6.01(3) through 6.
01(6) hereof shall not constitute Events of Default. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Section 8.05</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Conditions to Legal or Covenant Defeasance</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The following shall be the conditions to the application of either Section 8.03 or 8.04 hereof to the outstanding Securities of any series. In order to exercise either Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance: </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(a) the Corporation must irrevocably deposit with the Trustee, in trust, for the benefit of the Holders, cash in United States dollars, non-callable U.S. Government Obligations, foreign government obligations or a combination thereof, in such amounts as will be sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants, to pay the principal of, premium and interest on the outstanding Securities on the stated date for payment thereof or on the applicable redemption date, as the case may be;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(b) in the case of an election under Section 8.03 hereof, the Corporation shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that (A) the Corporation has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (B) since the date hereof, there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the outstanding Securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Legal Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Legal Defeasance had not occurred;</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(c) in the case of an election under Section 8.04 hereof, the Corporation shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that the Holders of the outstanding Securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(d) no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit (other than a Default or Event of Default resulting from the incurrence of Indebtedness all or a portion of the proceeds of which will be used to defease the Securities pursuant to this Article Eight concurrently with such incurrence) or insofar as Sections 6.01(4) or 6.01(5) hereof is concerned, at any time in the period ending on the 91st day after the date of deposit;</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(e) such Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any material agreement or instrument (other than this Indenture) to which the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries is bound;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(f) the Corporation shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers&#8217; Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Corporation with the intent of preferring the Holders over any other creditors of the Corporation or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Corporation; and</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(g) the Corporation shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers&#8217; Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for or relating to the Legal Defeasance or the Covenant Defeasance have been complied with.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 8.06</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Deposited Money and Government Securities to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Subject to Section 8.07 hereof, all money and non-callable U.S. Government Obligations or foreign government obligations (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee, collectively for purposes of this Section 8.06, the &#8220;Trustee&#8221;) pursuant to Section 8.01 or Section 8.05 hereof in respect of the outstanding Securities shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Corporation acting as Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal, premium, if any, and interest, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. <
/font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Corporation shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the cash or non-callable U.S. Government Obligations or foreign government obligations deposited pursuant to Section 8.05 hereof or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of the outstanding Securities. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Anything in this Article 8 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Corporation from time to time upon the request of the Corporation any money or non-callable U.S. Government Obligations or foreign government obligations held by it as provided in Section 8.05 hereof which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee (which may be the opinion delivered under Section 8.05(a) hereof), are in excess of the amount thereof that would then be required to be deposited to effect an equivalent Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 8.07</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Repayment to Corporation</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Corporation, in trust for the payment of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any Securities and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal and premium, if any, or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Corporation on its request or (if then held by the Corporation) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Securities shall thereafter look only to the Corporation for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Corporation as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> provided, however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMIL
Y: Times New Roman">, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Corporation cause to be published once, in the New York Times and The Wall Street Journal (national edition), notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such notification or publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Corporation. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Section 8.08</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Reinstatement</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply any United States dollars or non-callable U.S. Government Obligations in accordance with Section 8.03 or 8.04 hereof, as the case may be, by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the Corporation&#8217;s obligations under this Indenture and the Securities shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 8.03 or 8.04 hereof until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section 8.03 or 8.04 hereof, as the case may be;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> provided, </font></font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" s
tyle="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, that, if the Corporation makes any payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any Securities following the reinstatement of its obligations, the Corporation shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money held by the Trustee or Paying Agent. </font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">ARTICLE 9<br>
</font></font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">SUPPLEMENTS, AMENDMENTS, AND WAIVERS</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Section 9.01</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Without Consent of Holders</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Corporation and the Trustee as to any series of Securities may supplement or amend this Indenture or the Securities without notice to or the consent of any Securityholder:</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(1) to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(2) to comply with Article 5;</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(3) to comply with any requirements of the Commission in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the TIA;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(4) to add or change any provisions of this Indenture to facilitate the issuance of, or to liberalize the terms of, Securities issued in bearer form, or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in uncertificated form, provided that this action will not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of the Securities of any series in any material respect;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(5) to add to, change, or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture in respect of one or more series of Securities; </font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">provided, however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, that any such addition, change or elimination: </font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(A) shall neither (i) apply to any Security of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of such provision nor (ii) modify the rights of the Holder of any such Security with respect to such provision; or (B) shall become effective only when there is no outstanding Security of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of su
ch provision; </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(6) to add to existing covenants additional covenants for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities, to surrender any right or power conferred upon the Corporation in this Indenture or to add events of default for the benefit of Holders of all or any series of Securities;</font></div>

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<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font size="2">29</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(7) to secure previously unsecured Securities;</font></div>

<div><font size="1" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(8) to make any change that does not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of the Securityholders of any series;</font></div>

<div><font size="1" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(9) to establish additional series of Securities as permitted by Section 2.01 hereof;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(10) to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series, including the provisions and procedures, if applicable, for the conversion or exchange of the Securities into other securities or property;</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(11) to evidence and provide for the acceptance or appointment of a successor Trustee or facilitate the administration of the trusts under this Indenture by more than one Trustee;</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(12) to make any provision with respect to the conversion or exchange of rights of Holders pursuant to the requirements of this Indenture;</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(13) to close this Indenture with respect to the authentication and delivery of additional series of Securities or to qualify, or maintain qualification of, this Indenture under the TIA; or</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(14) to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to the extent necessary to permit or facilitate defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities, provided that the action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series in any material respect. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Section 9.02</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> With Consent of Holders</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></font></div>

<div><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Subject to Section 6.07, the Corporation and the Trustee as to any series of Securities may amend this Indenture or the Securities of that series with the written consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of each series affected by the amendment, with each such series voting as a separate class. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities of any series may also waive </font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">compliance in a particular instance by the Corporation with any provision of this Indenture with respect to that series or the Securities of that series;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> provided, however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, th
at without the consent of each Securityholder affected, an amendment or waiver may not:</font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(1) reduce the percentage of the principal amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment or waiver;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(2) reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous provision;</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(3) reduce the rate of, or change the time for payment of interest on, any Security;</font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(4) reduce the principal of or change the fixed Maturity of any Security or waive a redemption payment or alter the redemption provisions with respect thereto;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(5) make any Security payable in money other than that stated in the Security (including defaulted interest);</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(6) reduce the principal amount of Original Issue Discount Securities payable upon acceleration of the Maturity thereof;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(7) make any change in Section 6.04, 6.07 or this Section 9.02;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(8) waive a default in the payment of the principal of, or interest on, any Security, except to the extent otherwise provided for in Section 6.02 hereof;</font></div>

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<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font size="2">30</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(9) change the place of payment on a Security;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(10) change the currency or currencies of payment of the principal of, and any premium, make-whole payment, interest or additional amounts on, any Security;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(11) reduce the percentage of Holders of Securities whose consent is needed to modify or amend this Indenture;</font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(12) reduce the percentage of the Holders of outstanding Securities of any series necessary to modify or amend this Indenture, to waive compliance with provisions of this Indenture or defaults and their consequences under this Indenture or to reduce the quorum or voting requirements contained in this Indenture;</font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(13) make any change that adversely affects the right to convert or exchange any Security other than as permitted by this Indenture or decrease the conversion or exchange rate or increase the conversion or exchange price of any such Security; or</font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(14) waive a redemption payment with respect to any Security. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>An amendment or waiver under this Section that waives, changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture that has expressly been included solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or that modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Corporation shall mail supplemental indentures to Holders upon request. Any failure of the Corporation to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Section 9.03</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Revocation and Effect of Consents</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Until an amendment or waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder&#8217;s Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> provided, however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the written notice of revocation before the date on which the amendment, supplement or waiver </font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">becomes effective. An amendment, supplement or waiver shall bec
ome effective in accordance with its terms and thereafter shall bind every Holder of Securities of that series. </font></div>

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<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font size="2">31</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Section 9.04</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Notation on or Exchange of Securities</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If an amendment, supplement or waiver changes the terms of a Security: (a) the Trustee may require the Holder of the Security to deliver it to the Trustee, the Trustee may, at the written direction of the Corporation and at the Corporation&#8217;s expense, place an appropriate notation on the Security about the changed terms and return it to the Holder, and the Trustee may place an appropriate notation on any Security thereafter authenticated; or (b) if the Corporation or the Trustee so determines, the Corporation in exchange for the Security shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate a new Security that reflects the changed terms.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Failure to make the appropriate notation or issue a new Security shall not affect the validity and effect of such amendment, supplement or waiver.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 9.05</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Trustee to Sign Amendments, etc</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Subject to the preceding sentence, the Trustee shall sign any amendment or supplemental indenture if the same does not adversely affect the rights, duties, liabilities or immunities of the Trustee. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, execute any such amendment, supplement or waiver that affects the Trustee&#8217;s own rights, duties, liabilities or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. The Corporation may not sign an amendment or supplemental indenture until its Board of Directors approves it. In executing any amended or supplemental indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive and (subject to Section 7.01) shall be fully protected in relying upon, in addition to the documents required by Section 11.04 hereof, an Officer&#8217;s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such amended or supplemental ind
enture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture.</font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">ARTICLE 10<br>
RESERVED</font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">ARTICLE 11<br>
MISCELLANEOUS </font></font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Section 11.01</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Indenture Subject to Trust Indenture Act</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the TIA that are required to be part of this Indenture, and shall, to the extent applicable, be governed by such provisions. </font></div>

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<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><font size="2">32</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 11.02</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Notices</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Any notice or communication is duly given if in writing and delivered in person or sent by first-class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), telecopier or overnight air courier guaranteeing next-day delivery, addressed as follows:</font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">If to the Corporation:</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Amtech Systems, Inc.<br>
<font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">131 South Clark Drive<br>
<font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Tempe, Arizona 85281<br>
</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Telephone: (480) 967-5146 </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>with a copy to: </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Squire, Sanders &amp; Dempsey (US) LLP<br>
<font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>1 East Washington Street, Suite 2700<br>
<font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Phoenix, Arizona 85004<br>
<font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Attention: Christopher D. Johnson, Esq.<br>
</font>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Telephone: (602) 528-4000<br>
</font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Facsimile: (602) 253-8129</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If to the Trustee:</font></div>

<div><font size="2">&#160;</font></div>

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<td align="left" nowrap width="3%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Attention:</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="3%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Telephone:&#160; </font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap width="3%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Facsimile:</font></td>
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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">The Corporation or the Trustee by notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>All notices and communications (other than those sent to Holders) shall be deemed to have been duly given: (i) at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; (ii) five Business Days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, if mailed; (iii) when receipt acknowledged, if telecopied; (iv) and the next Business Day after timely delivery to the courier, if sent by overnight air courier guaranteeing next-day delivery. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Any notice or communication to a Securityholder shall be mailed by first-class mail, certified or registered, return receipt requested or by overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery to his address shown on the register kept by the Registrar. Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Security holder or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Securityholders. If the Corporation mails a notice or communication to Securityholders, it shall mail a copy to the Trustee at the same time. Any notice or communication shall also be mailed to any Person described in TIA Section 313(c), to the extent required by the TIA. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>If a notice or communication is mailed in the manner provided above within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 11.03</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Communication By Holders With Other Holders</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Holders may communicate pursuant to TIA Section 312(b) with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities. The Corporation, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA Section 312(c).</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 11.04</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Upon any request or application by the Corporation to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Corporation shall furnish to the Trustee:</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(a) an Officers&#8217; Certificate, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 11.05 hereof) stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent and covenants, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(b) an Opinion of Counsel, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 11.05 hereof) stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, such action is authorized or permitted by this Indenture and that all such conditions precedent have been complied with. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 11.05</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than the certificate provided pursuant to TIA Section 314(a)(4)) shall include:</font></div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(1) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">(3) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him or her to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(4) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with;</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> provided, however</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">, that with respect to matters of fact an Opinion of Counsel may rely on an officer&#8217;s certificate or certificates of public officials. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 11.06</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Rules by Trustee and Agents</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Trustee as to Securities of any series may make reasonable rules for action by or at a meeting of Holders of Securities of that series. The Registrar and any Paying Agent or authenticating agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for their functions. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 11.07</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Legal Holidays</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>A &#8220;Legal Holiday&#8221; is a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the City of New York, New York or at a place of payment are authorized by law, regulation or executive order to remain closed. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 11.08</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> No Recourse Against Others</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

<div><font size="1" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>No past, present or future director, officer, employee, manager, securityholder or incorporator, as such, of the Corporation or any successor Person shall have any liability for any obligations of the Corporation under any series of Securities or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Securityholder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration of issuance of the Securities. </font></div>

<div><font size="1" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 11.09</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Counterparts</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>This Indenture may be executed by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 11.10</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Governing Law</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The internal laws of the state of New York shall govern and be used to construe this Indenture and the Securities, without giving effect to the applicable principles of conflicts of laws to the extent that the application of the laws of another jurisdiction would be required thereby. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 11.11</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Submission to Jurisdiction; Service of Process; Waiver of Jury Trial</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Each party hereto hereby submits to the nonexclusive jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York and of any New York State Court sitting in New York City for purposes of all legal proceedings arising out of or relating to this Indenture, the Securities or the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. Each party hereto irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of the venue of any such proceeding brought in such a court and any claim that any such proceeding brought in such a court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. Process in any such suit, action or proceeding may be served on any party anywhere in the world, whether within or without the state of New York. Without limiting the foregoing, the parties agree that service o
f process upon such party at the address referred to in Section 11.02, together with written notice of such service to such party, shall be deemed effective service of process upon such party. Each of the parties hereto irrevocably waives any and all rights to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Indenture, the Securities or the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Section 11.12</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Severability</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Section 11.13</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Effect of Headings, Table of Contents, etc</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Article and Section headings herein and the table of contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 11.14</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> Successors and Assigns</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>All covenants and agreements of the Corporation in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successors and assigns. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successor.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Section 11.15</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-STYLE: italic"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> No Interpretation of Other Agreements</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>This Indenture may not be used to interpret another indenture, loan, or debt agreement of the Corporation or any Subsidiary or of any Person. Any such indenture, loan, or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed, all as of the date first above written. </font></div>

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<td align="left" colspan="3" nowrap width="50%"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">AMTECH SYSTEMS, INC.</font></font></td>
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<td nowrap width="3%" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: left">&#160; </td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
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<DESCRIPTION>OPINION OF COUNSEL REGARDING LEGALITY OF SECURITIES
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<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Exhibit 5.1</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> </font></div>

<div><font size="1" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">[Letterhead of Squire, Sanders and Dempsey (US) LLP] </font></div>

<div><font size="1" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">February 8, 2011<br>
Amtech Systems, Inc.<br>
131 South Clark Drive<br>
Tempe, Arizona 85281 </font></div>

<div><font size="1" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;</font></div>

<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Ladies and Gentlemen: </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">We have acted as counsel to Amtech Systems, Inc., an Arizona corporation (the &#8220;Corporation&#8221;), in connection with a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the &#8220;Registration Statement&#8221;) filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;Commission&#8221;) relating to the proposed sale by the Corporation from time to time, in one or more series, of (i) its debt securities, which may be either senior notes (the &#8220;Senior Notes &#8220;), subordinated notes (the &#8220;Subordinated Notes,&#8221; together with the Senior Notes, the &#8220;Debt Securities&#8221;); (ii) shares of its preferred stock (the &#8220;Preferred Stock&#8221;); (iii) shares of its common stock (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;); (iv)&#160;warrants to purchase Debt Securities (the &#8220;Debt Warrants&#8221;) to be issued pursuant to a warrant agreement between the Corporation and a designated w
arrant agent (a &#8220;Debt Securities Warrant Agreement&#8221;); (v) warrants to purchase equity securities of the Corporation (the &#8220;Equity Warrants&#8221;) pursuant to a warrant agreement between the Corporation and a designated warrant agent (an &#8220;Equity Securities Warrant Agreement&#8221;); and (vi) units consisting of two or more securities, in any combination (the &#8220;Units&#8221;). </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>The Debt Securities, Preferred Stock, Common Stock,&#160;Debt Warrants, Equity Warrants and Units are hereinafter collectively referred to as the &#8220;Securities.&#8221; The Securities may be issued and sold or delivered from time to time as set forth in the Registration Statement, any amendment thereto, the prospectus contained therein (the &#8220;Prospectus&#8221;) and any supplements thereto. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We have examined such documents, including the resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Corporation adopted on&#160;September 30, 2010 (the &#8220;Resolutions&#8221;), and have reviewed such questions of law, as we have considered necessary and appropriate for the purposes of our opinion set forth below. In rendering our opinions set forth below, we have assumed the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the genuineness of all signatures and the conformity to authentic originals of all documents submitted to us as copies. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>We have also assumed the legal capacity for all purposes relevant hereto of all natural persons and, with respect to all parties to agreements or instruments relevant hereto other than the Corporation, that such parties had the requisite power and authority (corporate or otherwise) to execute, deliver and perform such agreements or instruments, that such agreements or instruments have been duly authorized by all requisite action (corporate or otherwise), executed and delivered by such parties and that such agreements or instruments are the valid, binding and enforceable obligations of such parties. As to questions of fact material to our opinion, we have relied upon certificates of officers of the Corporation and of public officials. Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to them in each form incor
porated by reference as exhibits to the Registration Statement. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Based on the foregoing, we are of the opinion that: </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>1. When the specific terms of a series of Debt Securities have been specified in a Supplemental Indenture or an Officer&#8217;s Certificate, which has been executed and delivered to the trustee by an authorized officer of the Company (an &#8220;Authorized Officer&#8221;), such series of Debt Securities will have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action and, when executed and authenticated as specified in the Indentures and delivered against payment therefore and as specified by an Authorized Officer, or when issued upon valid exercise of Debt Warrants that have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action and validly issued, will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Corporation, enforceable in accordance with the terms of such series.</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">2. When the specific terms of a series of Preferred Stock have been specified in a Certificate of Designation duly adopted by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee thereof, and such Certificate of Designation has been duly filed with the Arizona Corporations Commission, such series of Preferred Stock will have been duly </font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">authorized by all requisite corporate action and, upon issuance, delivery and payment therefore as may be described in a supplement to the Prospectus, or when issued upon valid exercise of Equity Warrants that have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action and validly issued, shares of such series of Preferred Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">3. Upon issuance, delivery and payment therefore as may be described in a supplement to the Prospectus, or when issued upon valid exercise of Equity Warrants that have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action and validly issued, shares of Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>4. When the specific terms of a series of Debt Warrants have been specified in a Debt Securities Warrant </font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Agreement, the Debt Warrants established in such Debt Securities Warrant Agreement will have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action and, when executed and authenticated as specified in such Debt Securities Warrant Agreement and delivered against payment therefore pursuant to any terms that may be described in a supplement to the Prospectus, will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Corporation, enforceable in accordance with the terms of such Debt Warrants. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">5. When the specific terms of a series of Equity Warrants have been specified in an Equity Securities Warrant </font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Agreement, the Equity Warrants established in such Equity Securities Warrant Agreement will have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action and, when executed and authenticated as specified in such Warrant Agreement and delivered against payment therefore pursuant to the terms described in a supplement to the Prospectus, will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Corporation, enforceable in accordance with the terms of such Equity Warrants.</font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">The opinions set forth above are subject to the following qualifications and exceptions: </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(a) Our opinions in paragraphs 1,&#160;4 and 5, above are subject to (i) the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar law of general application affecting creditors&#8217; rights, (ii) the effect of general principles of equity, including (without limitation) concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, and other similar doctrines affecting the enforceability of agreements generally (regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law), and (iii) insofar as they relate to indemnification provisions, the effect of federal and state securities laws and public policy relating thereto. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(b) In rendering the opinions set forth above, we have assumed that, at the time of the authentication and delivery of a series of Securities, the Resolutions referred to above will not have been modified or rescinded, there will not have occurred any change in the law affecting the authorization, execution, delivery, validity or enforceability of the Securities, the Registration Statement will have been declared effective by the Commission and will continue to be effective, none of the particular terms of a series of Securities will violate any applicable law and neither the issuance and sale thereof nor the compliance by the Corporation with the terms thereof will result in a violation of any agreement or instrument then binding upon the Corporation or any order of any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over the Corporation. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>(c) As of the date of this opinion, a judgment for money in an action based on a debt security denominated in a foreign currency or currency unit in a federal or State court in the United States ordinarily would be enforced in the United States only in United States dollars. The date used to determine the rate of conversion into United States dollars of the foreign currency or currency unit in which a particular debt security is denominated will depend upon various factors, including which court renders the judgment. Under Section 27 of the New York Judiciary Law, a state court in the State of New York rendering a judgment on a debt security would be required to render such judgment in the foreign currency or currency unit in which such debt security is denominated, and such judgment would be converted into United States dollars at the exchange rate prev
ailing on the date of entry of the judgment. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Our opinions expressed above are limited to the laws of the States of New York and Arizona and the federal laws of the United States of America. </font></div>

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<div align="justify">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; <font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">We hereby consent to your filing this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm under the caption &#8220;Legal Matters&#8221; contained in the Prospectus included therein. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font size="3" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </font>Very truly yours,</font></div>

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<td align="left" nowrap width="17%" style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">/s/Squire Sanders and Dempsey (US) LLP</font></td>
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<TYPE>EX-23.2
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>exhibit23-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CONSENT OF MAYER HOFFMAN MCCANN P.C.
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<div align="right"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">EXHIBIT 23.2 </font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">As independent registered public accountants, we hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this registration statement on Form S-3 of our report</font><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman"> </font></font><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">dated November 15, 2010, relating to the consolidated balance sheets of Amtech Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries as of September 30, 2010 and 2009 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders&#8217; equity and comprehensive income (loss) and cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended September 30, 2010, included in the 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2010, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.</font></div>

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<td align="left" colspan="2" nowrap width="10%"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">MAYER HOFFMAN MCCANN P.C.</font></td>
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<div align="left"><font size="2">Phoenix, Arizona<br>
February 8, 2011</font></div>

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<TYPE>EX-24.1
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>exhibit24-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>POWER OF ATTORNEY
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<div align="right"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">EXHIBIT 24.1 </font></font></div>

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<div align="center"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">POWER OF ATTORNEY </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Know all men by these presents, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints jointly and severally, Jong S. Whang and Bradley C. Anderson, and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign a registration statement or registration statements on Form S-3, any and all amendments (including pre-effective and post-effective amendments) to such registration statement(s) and any registration statement and amendments thereto for the same offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and p
erform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all which said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them or their or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">This Power of Attorney may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same document. </font></div>

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<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have hereunto set their hands as of the dates set forth below. </font></div>

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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="PADDING-RIGHT: 4pt; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; ">
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<td align="left" nowrap width="33%" style="BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Signature</font></font></td>
<td align="left" width="33%" style="BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Title</font></font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap width="33%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-TOP: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Date</font></font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">/s/ Jong S. Whang</font><br>
Jong S. Whang</font></td>
<td valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2">February 7, 2011</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom" style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal;">
<td align="left" nowrap valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">/s/ Bradley C. Anderson<br>
</font>Bradley C. Anderson</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Vice President - Finance and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer)</font></div>
</td>
<td align="left" nowrap valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2">February 3, 2011</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">/s/ Robert T. Haas<br>
</font>Robert T. Haas</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid">
<div align="justify"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman">Chief Accounting Officer (principal accounting officer)</font></div>
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<td align="left" nowrap valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2">February 3, 2011</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">/s/ Michael Garnreiter<br>
</font>Michael Garnreiter</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2">Director</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2">February 3, 2011</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">/s/ Robert F. King<br>
</font>Robert F. King</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2">Director</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2">February 3, 2011</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom" style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal;">
<td align="left" nowrap valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">/s/ Egbert Jan Gert Goudena<br>
</font>Egbert Jan Gert Goudena</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2">Director</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2">February 6, 2011</font></td>
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<td align="left" nowrap valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">/s/ Alfred W. Giese<br>
</font>Alfred W. Giese</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2">Director</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2">February 3, 2011</font></td>
</tr><tr valign="bottom" style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal;">
<td align="left" nowrap valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2" style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; TEXT-DECORATION: underline">/s/ Dr. Jeong Mo Hwang<br>
</font>Dr. Jeong Mo Hwang</font></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2">Director</font></td>
<td align="left" nowrap valign="top" width="33%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 1pt solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #000000 1pt solid"><font size="2">February 3, 2011</font></td>
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`
end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
-----END PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE-----
