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Note 3 - Business Combinations | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Notes to Financial Statements |
Business Combination Disclosure [Text Block] | 3. Business Combinations Parcus Medical, LLC On January 24, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of Parcus Medical pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 4, 2020 (the “Parcus Medical Merger Agreement”), by and among the Company, Parcus Medical, the Unitholder Representative, and Sunshine Merger Sub LLC, a Wisconsin limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. At the closing date, Parcus Medical became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Parcus Medical is a sports medicine implant and instrumentation solutions provider focused on surgical repair and reconstruction of soft tissue. The acquisition of Parcus Medical has been accounted for as a business combination under ASC 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). Under ASC 805, assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are recorded at their fair value as of the acquisition date. The Company’s consolidated financial statements include results of operations for Parcus Medical from the January 24, 2020 acquisition date. Consideration Transferred Pursuant to the Parcus Medical Merger Agreement, the Company acquired all outstanding equity of Parcus Medical for estimated total purchase consideration of $75.1 million, as of January 24, 2020 which consisted of:
Cash consideration |  | $ | 32,794 |
Deferred consideration |  |  | 1,642 |
Estimated fair value of contingent consideration |  |  | 40,700 |
Estimated total purchase consideration |  | $ | 75,136 |
Pursuant to the Parcus Medical Merger Agreement, contingent consideration represents additional payments that the Company may be required to make in the future could total up to $60.0 million depending on the level of net sales of Parcus Medical products generated from 2020 through 2022. The fair value of contingent consideration related to net sales as of January 24, 2020 was determined based on a Monte Carlo simulation model in an option pricing framework at the acquisition date, whereby a range of possible scenarios were simulated. There also was deferred consideration related to certain purchase price holdbacks, which was resolved within one year of the acquisition date in accordance with the Parcus Merger. The liability for contingent and deferred consideration is included in current and long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and will be remeasured at each reporting period until the contingency is resolved. As of December 31, 2021, the net sales related contingent consideration amounted to $4.3 million, which is included in current liabilities. The Company does not expect any further milestones to be achieved as of December 31, 2021. See Note 4, Fair Value Measurements, for additional discussion of contingent consideration as of December 31, 2021. Acquisition-related costs are not included as a component of consideration transferred but are expensed in the periods in which the costs are incurred. The Company incurred approximately $1.9 million in transaction costs related to the Parcus Medical acquisition during the three-month period ending March 31, 2020. The transaction costs subsequent to March 31, 2020 were immaterial. The transaction costs have been included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Fair Value of Net Assets Acquired The estimate of fair value as of the acquisition date required the use of significant assumptions and estimates. Critical estimates included, but were not limited to, future expected cash flows, including projected revenues and expenses, and the applicable discount rates. These estimates were based on assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable, however, actual results may differ from these estimates. The allocation of purchase price to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed was based on estimates of fair value as of January 24, 2020, and is as follows:
Recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 196 |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 2,029 |
Inventories |  |  | 10,968 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 364 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 1,099 |
Right-of-use assets |  |  | 944 |
Intangible assets |  |  | 44,000 |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | (2,763 | )
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | (594 | )
Lease liabilities |  |  | (735 | )
Net assets acquired |  |  | 55,508 |
Goodwill |  |  | 19,628 |
Estimated total purchase consideration |  | $ | 75,136 |
The acquired intangible assets based on estimates of fair value as of January 24, 2020 are as follows:
Developed technology |  | $ | 41,100 |
Trade name |  |  | 1,800 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 1,100 |
Total acquired intangible assets |  | $ | 44,000 |
The fair value of the developed technology intangible assets has been estimated using the multi-period excess earnings method, which is based on the principle that the value of an intangible asset is equal to the present value of the incremental after-tax cash flows attributable to the asset, after charges for other assets employed by the business. The fair value of the customer relationships has been estimated using the avoided costs/lost profits method, which is based on the principle that the value of an intangible asset is based on consideration of the total costs that would be avoided by having this asset in place. The fair value of the trade name has been estimated using the relief from royalty method of the income approach, which is based on the principle that the value of an intangible asset is equal to the present value of the after-tax royalty savings attributable to owning the intangible asset. Key estimates and assumptions used in these models are projected revenues and expenses related to the asset, estimated contributory asset charges, estimated costs to recreate the asset, and a risk-adjusted discount rate used to calculate the present value of the future expected cash inflows or cash outflows avoided from the asset. The fair value of developed technology will be amortized over a useful life of 15 years, the fair value of customer relationships over 10 years, and the fair value of the trade name over 5 years. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill and assigned to the newly established reporting unit for Parcus Medical and Arthrosurface. The goodwill is attributable to the workforce of the business and the value of future technologies expected to arise after the acquisition. Goodwill will not be amortized and is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes as the acquisition of the limited liability company is an asset purchase for tax purposes. See Note 8, Goodwill, for further discussion. Arthrosurface, Inc. On February 3, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of Arthrosurface pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 4, 2020 (the “Arthrosurface Merger Agreement”), by and among the Company, Arthrosurface, the Stockholder Representative, and Button Merger Sub, a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. At the closing date, Arthrosurface became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Arthrosurface is a joint preservation technology company specializing in less invasive, bone-preserving partial and total joint replacement solutions. The acquisition of Arthrosurface has been accounted for as a business combination under ASC 805. Under ASC 805, assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are recorded at their fair values as of the acquisition date. Anika’s consolidated financial statements include results of operations for Arthrosurface from the February 3, 2020 acquisition date. Consideration Transferred Pursuant to the Arthrosurface Merger Agreement, the Company acquired all outstanding equity of Arthrosurface for estimated total purchase consideration of $90.3 million, as of February 3, 2020 which consisted of:
Cash consideration | $ | 61,909
Estimated fair value of contingent consideration |  | 28,376
Estimated total purchase consideration | $ | 90,285
Pursuant to the Arthrosurface Merger Agreement, the Company could be required to make future payments of up to $40.0 million depending on the achievement of regulatory milestones and the level of net sales of Arthrosurface products from 2020 through 2021. The fair value of contingent consideration related to regulatory milestones as of February 3, 2020 was determined through a scenario-based discounted cash flow analysis using scenario probabilities and regulatory milestone dates. The fair value of contingent consideration related to net sales achievement as of February 3, 2020 was determined based upon a Monte Carlo simulation approach at acquisition date, whereby a range of possible scenarios were simulated. The Company paid $5.0 million in October 2020 and $10.0 million in July 2021 based upon the achievement of two distinct regulatory milestones. As of December 31, 2021, the remaining regulatory milestone and the net sales milestone were not achieved. See Note 4, Fair Value Measurements, for additional discussion of contingent consideration as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. Acquisition-related costs are not included as a component of consideration transferred but are expensed in the periods in which the costs are incurred. The Company incurred approximately $2.2 million in transaction costs related to the Arthrosurface acquisition during the three-month period ending March 31, 2020. The transaction costs subsequent to March 31, 2020 were immaterial. The transaction costs have been included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Fair Value of Net Assets Acquired The estimate of fair value required the use of significant assumptions and estimates. Critical estimates included, but were not limited to, future expected cash flows, including projected revenues and expenses, and the applicable discount rates. These estimates were based on assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable. However, actual results may differ from these estimates. The allocation of purchase price to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed was based on estimates of fair value as of February 3, 2020, as follows:
Recognized identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 1,072 |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 5,368 |
Inventories |  |  | 15,652 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 535 |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  | 3,394 |
Other long-term assets |  |  | 7,548 |
Intangible assets |  |  | 48,900 |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities |  |  | (3,929 | )
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (11,147 | )
Net assets acquired |  |  | 67,393 |
Goodwill |  |  | 22,892 |
Estimated total purchase consideration |  | $ | 90,285 |
Intangible assets acquired consist of: |  |  |  |
Developed technology |  | $ | 37,000 |
Trade name |  |  | 3,400 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 7,900 |
IPR&D |  |  | 600 |
Total acquired intangible assets |  | $ | 48,900 |
The fair value of the developed technology intangible assets has been estimated using the multi-period excess earnings method, which is based on the principle that the value of an intangible asset is equal to the present value of the incremental after-tax cash flow attributable to the asset, after charges for other assets employed by the business. The fair value of the customer relationships has been estimated using the avoided costs/lost profits method, which is based on the principle that the value of an intangible asset is based on consideration of the total costs that would be avoided by having this asset in place. The fair value of the trade name has been estimated using the relief from royalty method of the income approach, which is based on the principle that the value of an intangible asset is equal to the present value of the after-tax royalty savings attributable to owning the intangible asset. Key estimates and assumptions used in these models are projected revenues and expenses related to the asset, estimated contributory asset charges, estimated costs to recreate the asset, and a risk-adjusted discount rate used to calculate the present value of the future expected cash inflows or cash outflows avoided from the asset. The fair value of developed technology that will be amortized over an estimated useful life of 15 years, the fair value of customer relationships over 10 years, and the fair value of trade names over 5 years. A total of $0.6 million represents the fair value of IPR&D with an indefinite useful life which was impaired during the quarter ended December 31, 2021. See Note 7, Acquired Intangible Assets, Net, for further discussion. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill and assigned to the newly established reporting unit for Parcus Medical and Arthrosurface. The goodwill is attributable to the workforce of the business and the value of future technologies expected to arise after the acquisition. Goodwill will not be amortized and is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes as the acquisition of the corporation is a stock purchase for tax purposes. See Note 8, Goodwill, for further discussion. Pro forma Information The Parcus Medical and Arthrosurface acquisitions were both completed in the first quarter of 2020. Both acquired companies have similar businesses with all of their products in the Joint Preservation and Restoration product family, serving orthopedic surgeons, ambulatory surgical centers and hospitals. The Company has combined legacy Anika, Parcus Medical and Arthrosurface pro forma supplemental information as follows. The unaudited pro forma information for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was calculated after applying the Company’s accounting policies and the impact of acquisition date fair value adjustments. The pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of Anika, Parcus Medical and Arthrosurface as if the acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 2019 after giving effect to certain pro forma adjustments. The pro forma adjustments reflected herein include only those adjustments that are factually supportable and directly attributable to the acquisitions. These pro forma adjustments include: (i) a net increase in amortization expense to record amortization expense for the aforementioned acquired identifiable intangible assets, (ii) an adjustment to cost of revenue based on the preliminary inventory step-up and the anticipated inventory turnover, (iii) a net decrease in interest expense as a result of eliminating interest expense and interest income related to borrowings that were settled in accordance with the respective Parcus Medical Merger Agreement and Arthrosurface Merger Agreement, (iv) an adjustment to record the acquisition-related transaction costs in the period required, and (v) the tax effect of the pro forma adjustments using the anticipated effective tax rate. The effective tax rate of the combined company could be materially different from the effective rate presented in this unaudited pro forma combined financial information. As a result of the transaction, the combined company may be subject to annual limitations on its ability to utilize pre-acquisition net operating loss carryforwards to offset future taxable income. The amount of the annual limitation is determined based on the value of Anika immediately prior to the acquisition. As further information becomes available, any such adjustment described above could be material to the amounts presented in the unaudited pro forma combined financial statements. The pro forma information does not purport to be indicative of the results of operations that actually would have resulted had the combination occurred at the beginning of each period presented, or of future results of the consolidated entities. The following table presents unaudited supplemental pro forma information:
|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 134,410 |  |  | $ | 157,728 |
Net loss |  | $ | (22,984 | ) |  | $ | 7,144 |

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