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Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Note 3—Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company are presented in U.S. dollars in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and under the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of VisionWave Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Segment Reporting

The Company complies with ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses among other disclosure requirements.

Emerging Growth Company Status

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012, (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.

Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgement. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the consolidated financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Significant estimates include assumptions made in the valuation of the options, valuation of convertible notes and recoverability of deferred tax assets. Accordingly, the actual results could differ from those estimates.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash accounts in a financial institution, which, at times may exceed the Federal Depository Insurance Coverage of $250,000. At September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company had $1,774,899 and $0 deposits in excess of the Federal Depository Insurance Coverage, respectively. The Company has not experienced losses on these accounts.

Business Combinations

The Company evaluates whether acquired net assets should be accounted for as a business combination or an asset acquisition by first applying a screen test to determine whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If so, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. If not, the Company applies its judgement to determine whether the acquired net assets meets the definition of a business by considering if the set includes an acquired input, process, and the ability to create outputs.

The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method when it has obtained control. The Company measures goodwill as the fair value of the consideration transferred including the fair value of any non-controlling interest recognized, less the net recognized amount of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, all measured at their fair value as of the acquisition date. Transaction costs, other than those associated with the issuance of debt or equity securities, that the Company incurs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred.

Any contingent consideration is measured at fair value at the acquisition date. For contingent consideration that does not meet all the criteria for equity classification, such contingent consideration is required to be recorded at its initial fair value at the acquisition date, and on each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of liability-classified contingent consideration are recognized on the consolidated statements of operations in the period of change.

When the initial accounting for a business combination has not been finalized by the end of the reporting period in which the transaction occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts. Provisional amounts are adjusted during the measurement period, which does not exceed one year from the acquisition date. These adjustments, or recognition of additional assets or liabilities, reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognized at that date.

The Company accounts for certain business combinations that meet the definition of a reverse merger (also referred to as a reverse recapitalization) in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, and ASC 810, Consolidation. A reverse merger occurs when the legal acquirer is determined to be the accounting acquiree, and the legal acquiree is determined to be the accounting acquirer. Accordingly:

	●	No goodwill or intangible assets are recorded
	●	The transaction is treated as a capital transaction in substance
	●	The accounting acquirer’s assets and liabilities are carried forward at their historical carrying amounts
	●	The accounting acquiree’s net assets are recognized at fair value, if applicable

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all cash on hand and in banks, including accounts in book overdraft positions, certificates of deposit and all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company did not have any cash equivalents as of September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Investments

The Company from time to time invests in equity securities. All marketable equity securities held by the Company are accounted for under “Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 320, “Investments - Debt and Equity Securities.” The Company accounts for available-for-sale equity investments at fair value. From time to time, if the Company determines that the available market price of an available for sale investments is not a reasonable indicator of the fair value, the Company will determine the best estimate of that fair value which is usually the cost.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of the Company’s cash, current assets and current liabilities approximates the carrying amounts represented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, due to their short-term nature.

Fair value is defined as the price which would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-tier fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies is as follows:

Level 1 Inputs - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 Inputs - Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

As of September 30, 2025, other than the convertible notes discussed below, the Company did not hold any financial assets or liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis.

Convertible notes payable

The Company follows FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity ("ASC 480"), when evaluating the accounting for its convertible instruments. A financial instrument that embodies an unconditional obligation, or a financial instrument other than an outstanding share that embodies a conditional obligation, that the issuer must or may settle by issuing a variable number of its equity shares shall be classified as a liability (or an asset in some circumstances) if, at inception, the monetary value of the obligation is based solely or predominantly on any one of the following: (a) a fixed monetary amount known at inception; (b) variations in something other than the fair value of the issuer’s equity shares; or (c) variations inversely related to changes in the fair value of the issuer’s equity shares. Convertible note instruments meeting these criteria are not further evaluated for any embedded derivatives and are carried as a liability at fair value at each balance sheet date.

For convertible debt instruments that are not considered liabilities under ASC 480 or ASC 815, the Company applies FASB ASC 470, Debt ("ASC 470"), for the accounting of such instruments, including any premiums or discounts.

Offsetting Balances

In accordance with ASC Topic 210 “Balance Sheet”, the Company’s accounting policy is to offset assets and liabilities when a right of offset exist. Accordingly, the consolidated balance sheets include transactions with affiliated parties on a net basis.

Research and Development Cost

The Company accounts for research and development cost (“R&D”) in accordance with ASC Topic 730, “Research and Development”. R&D represents costs are expensed as incurred.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts. The core principle of the guidance in Topic 606 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve the core principle, the Company applied the following five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment:

(1) Identify the contracts or agreements with a customer: The purchase order is considered to be the contract with the customer. The Company’s revenue is derived from the customer orders evidenced by the contract with the customer.

(2) Identifying the performance obligations in the contract or agreement: The contract with the customer contains a single performance obligation: fulfillment of the customer’s order.

(3) Determine the transaction price: The Company’s arrangements pursuant to the contract require a full prepayment from the customer at a fixed price before the shipment of products. The transaction price is the amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive.

(4) Allocate the transaction price to the separate performance obligations: All transaction prices are allocated to the single performance obligation.

(5) Recognize revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied: This performance obligation is satisfied when control of the product is transferred to the customer, which occurred upon completion of the customer’s live testing.

The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the services it transfers to its clients.

During the years ending September 30, 2025 and 2024, no revenue was recorded.

Cost of Goods Sold

The Company’s cost of goods sold is comprised of costs related to its commercial revenue, including the cost of sourcing the equipment for sale. During the years ending September 30, 2025 and 2024, no cost of goods sold was recorded.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average shares outstanding for the year. Diluted loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock to the extent dilutive. For the year ended September 30, 2025 and the period from March 20, 2024 (inception) to September 30, 2024, the Company’s diluted weighted-average shares outstanding is equal to basic weighted-average shares, due to the Company’s net loss position. No common stock equivalents were included in the computation of diluted net loss per unit since such inclusion would have been antidilutive. At September 30, 2025 and 2024, potentially dilutive securities include the public warrants and the convertible promissory notes.

Income Taxes

The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

Commitments and Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, which cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, government investigations, shareholder lawsuits, and non-income tax matters.

An accrual for a loss contingency is recognized when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. If a potential material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, is disclosed.

Related party and related-party transactions

Related parties, which can be a corporation or individual, are considered to be related if the Company has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Companies are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence, such as a family member or relative, shareholder, or a related corporation.

Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s-length basis, as the requisite conditions of competitive, free-market dealings may not exist. Representations about transactions with related parties, if made, shall not imply that the related party transactions were consummated on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s-length transactions unless such representations can be substantiated. It is not, however, practical to determine the fair value of amounts due to or from related parties due to their related-party nature.

Income Taxes

ASC740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2025 and 2024. Interest and penalties as of $35,065 and $0 was accrued for the year ended September 30, 2025 and the period from March 20, 2024 (inception) to September 30, 2024, respectively. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.

Deferred Offering Costs

Deferred offering costs, which consist of direct and incremental legal, accounting, consulting, printing, and other third-party fees related to the Company’s issuance of shares, are capitalized as assets in the consolidated balance sheets. The deferred offering costs will be offset against proceeds from the offering upon issuance of shares.

Advertising and Promotion

All costs associated with advertising and promoting products are expensed as incurred.

Stock Based Compensation

The Company complies with ASC 718 Compensation — Stock Compensation regarding shares granted to directors, officers and vendors of the Company by measuring the grant date fair value of the award and recognizing the resulting expense over the period during which the employee is required to perform service in exchange for the award. Equity-based compensation expense is only recognized for awards subject to performance conditions if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The Company accounts for forfeitures when they occur.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09), which requires disclosure of incremental income tax information within the rate reconciliation and expanded disclosures of income taxes paid, among other disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company’s management does not believe the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have a material impact on its financial statements and disclosures.

On November 4, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (DISE), requiring additional disclosure of the nature of expenses included in the statements of operations. The new standard requires disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the face of the statements of operations as well as disclosures about selling expenses. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027.

The Company’s management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.