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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of components of income tax expense (benefit)
The components of the provision for income taxes are presented in the following table:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$

 
$

 
$

State

 
2,000

 
(1,000
)
 

 
2,000

 
(1,000
)
Deferred:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
(1,594,000
)
 
18,000

 
15,000

State
(504,000
)
 
9,000

 
17,000

 
(2,098,000
)
 
27,000

 
32,000

 
$
(2,098,000
)
 
$
29,000

 
$
31,000

Schedule of effective income tax rate reconciliation
The reconciliation of income taxes attributable to continuing operations computed at the statutory tax rates to income tax expense (recovery), using a 35% statutory tax rate, is:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Income (benefit) taxes at statutory rates
$
(10,920,000
)
 
$
(12,639,000
)
 
$
(23,118,000
)
State income tax, net of federal benefit
(2,640,000
)
 
(2,362,000
)
 
(1,651,000
)
Change in valuation allowance
7,882,000

 
14,235,000

 
8,819,000

Research and development tax credits
(1,537,000
)
 
(849,000
)
 
(1,230,000
)
Fair value warrant
(253,000
)
 
(180,000
)
 
16,129,000

Stock compensation
2,288,000

 
1,573,000

 
279,000

Uncertain tax positions
1,968,000

 
340,000

 
495,000

Expired NOL's and credits
339,000

 
728,000

 
338,000

Limited NOL's and credits
(297,000
)
 
(749,000
)
 
605,000

Change in state tax rate
676,000

 
(60,000
)
 
(623,000
)
Other
396,000

 
(8,000
)
 
(12,000
)
 
$
(2,098,000
)
 
$
29,000

 
$
31,000

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities
Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 are shown below:
 
 
As of December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Capitalized research expense
$
1,201,000

 
$
2,059,000

Net operating loss carryforwards
71,848,000

 
64,354,000

Research and development and other tax credits
3,339,000

 
2,417,000

Deferred revenue
5,213,000

 
1,828,000

Deferred rent
2,171,000

 
1,878,000

Stock-based compensation
2,135,000

 
2,704,000

Other
3,457,000

 
3,251,000

 
89,364,000

 
78,491,000

Valuation allowance
(83,245,000
)
 
(75,363,000
)
Total deferred tax assets
6,119,000

 
3,128,000

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Acquired intangibles
(596,000
)
 
(804,000
)
Investment in affiliated entity
(4,399,000
)
 
(1,315,000
)
Fixed assets
(1,299,000
)
 
(1,170,000
)
Net deferred tax liabilities
$
(175,000
)
 
$
(161,000
)
Summary of Operating Loss Carryforwards
The California net operating loss carry forwards will expire as follows:

 
Amount (in millions)
2016
$
1.1

2017
0.5

2028 and beyond
54.9

Total
$
56.5

Schedule of unrecognized tax benefits rollforward
The following table summarizes the activity related to our unrecognized tax benefits:
 
 
Year ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Balance at beginning of the year
$
2,759,000

 
$
2,416,000

 
$
1,896,000

Increases related to current year tax positions
615,000

 
331,000

 
305,000

Increases related to prior year tax positions
2,081,000

 
12,000

 
215,000

Balance at end of the year
$
5,455,000

 
$
2,759,000

 
$
2,416,000