XML 27 R17.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.7.0.1
Stock-Based Compensation
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company incurs stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units and stock options. The fair value of restricted stock is determined by the closing market price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options, which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility and expected option life. The Company amortizes the fair value of the awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite vesting period of the awards. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility. The expected life of options granted is based on historical expected life. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant. The dividend yield is based on the fact that no dividends have been paid historically and none are currently expected to be paid in the foreseeable future. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-09 on January 1, 2017, the Company elected to remove the forfeiture rate from the calculation and recorded a cumulative catch-up adjustment to accumulated deficit with a corresponding offset to additional paid-in-capital of $312,000. Previously, the forfeiture rate was based on historical data and the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense only for those awards that were expected to vest.
The weighted average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model for employees and directors are presented below:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Risk-free interest rate
2.24%
 
0.91%
Expected volatility
73%
 
76%
Expected life in years
6.0
 
5.0
Dividend yield
—
 
—
Forfeiture rate
—
 
7%


Total employee and director compensation cost for the Company's stock plan recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $5.2 million and $3.0 million, respectively, of which $2.2 million and $1.7 million were included in research and development expenses and $3.0 million and $1.3 million were included in general and administrative expenses, respectively.
At March 31, 2017, there was $9.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years.
The weighted average grant date fair value per share (using the Black-Scholes option pricing model) was $4.38 and $4.29 for employee and director stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
At March 31, 2017, there was $8.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years.
The weighted average grant date fair value per share was $6.68 and $7.02 for restricted stock units granted during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The fair value of options granted to non-employees at the measurement dates were estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model. Total stock-based compensation for options granted to non-employees for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $131,000 and $197,000, respectively.