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Investments | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Investments | Investments Investments at December 31, 2017 and 2016 consisted of mutual funds, United States corporate debt securities and an equity investment in the Company's affiliated entity PLS. The Company classifies all investments as available-for-sale, as the sale of such investments may be required prior to maturity to implement management strategies. Available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value, based on current market valuations. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are excluded from earnings and are reported as a separate component of other comprehensive loss until realized. Realized gains and losses are included in non-operating other income (expense) on the consolidated statement of operations and are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of the securities sold. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, net realized loss on investments of $215,000 and $139,000 was recorded, respectively. The Company assessed each of its investments on an individual basis to determine if any decline in fair value was other-than-temporary. There were no impairments considered to be other-than-temporary during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Interest and dividends on investments classified as available-for-sale are included in interest and other income, net, in the consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had 42 available-for-sale securities in a gross unrealized loss position, of which 16 with an aggregate total unrealized loss of $108,000 were in such position for longer than 12 months. The following is a summary of available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:
|  |  | As of December 31, 2017
| Contractual Maturity (in years) | Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Market Value
Mutual funds | --- |  | $ | 68,776,165 |  |  | $ | 42,097 |  |  | $ | (252,373 | ) |  | $ | 68,565,889 |
US corporate debt securities | Less than 2 |  | 35,210,121 |  |  | 3,032 |  |  | (140,198 | ) |  | 35,072,955 |
Investment in affiliated entity (PLS) | --- |  | — |  |  | 2,325,079 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,325,079 |
Total investments |  |  | $ | 103,986,286 |  |  | $ | 2,370,208 |  |  | $ | (392,571 | ) |  | $ | 105,963,923 |
|  |  | As of December 31, 2016
| Contractual Maturity (in years) | Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Market Value
Mutual funds | --- |  | $ | 60,883,065 |  |  | $ | 94,374 |  |  | $ | (387,693 | ) |  | $ | 60,589,746 |
US corporate debt securities | Less than 2 |  | 25,098,122 |  |  | 6,853 |  |  | (65,309 | ) |  | 25,039,666 |
Investment in affiliated entity (PLS) | --- |  | — |  |  | 3,777,510 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,777,510 |
Total investments |  |  | $ | 85,981,187 |  |  | $ | 3,878,737 |  |  | $ | (453,002 | ) |  | $ | 89,406,922 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for investments in certain debt and equity securities. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2196928 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 944 -SubTopic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=4738149 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 940 -SubTopic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2176304 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 946 -SubTopic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2324412 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2209399 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 954 -SubTopic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2289146 + Details
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