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Net Loss Per Share | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract] |
Net Loss Per Share | Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss for the year by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net loss per share is calculated in accordance with the treasury stock method and reflects the potential dilution that would occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted to common stock. The calculation of diluted net loss per share requires that, to the extent the average market price of the underlying shares for the reporting period exceeds the exercise price of the options, warrants or other securities and the presumed exercise of such securities are dilutive to net loss per share for the period, an adjustment to net loss used in the calculation is required to remove the change in fair value of such securities from the numerator for the period. Likewise, an adjustment to the denominator is required to reflect the related dilutive shares, if any, under the treasury stock method. The following tables reconcile the components of the numerator and denominator included in the calculations of diluted net loss per share:
| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Numerator |  |  |
Net loss (numerator for use in basic net loss per share) | $ | (25,015,672 | ) |  | $ | (34,134,570 | )
Adjustment for decrease in fair value of warrant liability | — |  |  | (423,296 | )
Numerator for use in diluted net loss per share | $ | (25,015,672 | ) |  | $ | (34,557,866 | )
Denominator |  |  |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding (denominator for use in basic net loss per share) | 92,423,122 |  |  | 86,952,024 |
Effect of dilutive potential common shares | — |  |  | 138,659 |
Denominator for use in diluted net loss per share | 92,423,122 |  |  | 87,090,683 |
Net loss per share, diluted | $ | (0.27 | ) |  | $ | (0.40 | )
Net loss per share, basic | $ | (0.27 | ) |  | $ | (0.39 | )
| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Numerator |  |  |
Net loss (numerator for use in basic net loss per share) | $ | (64,005,625 | ) |  | $ | (66,699,593 | )
Adjustment for decrease in fair value of warrant liability | — |  |  | (227,273 | )
Numerator for use in diluted net loss per share | $ | (64,005,625 | ) |  | $ | (66,926,866 | )
Denominator |  |  |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding (denominator for use in basic net loss per share) | 91,350,117 |  |  | 78,894,881 |
Effect of dilutive potential common shares | — |  |  | 148,599 |
Denominator for use in diluted net loss per share | 91,350,117 |  |  | 79,043,480 |
Net loss per share, diluted | $ | (0.70 | ) |  | $ | (0.85 | )
Net loss per share, basic | $ | (0.70 | ) |  | $ | (0.85 | )
The following table summarizes potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the diluted net loss per share calculation because of their anti-dilutive effect for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:
Common Stock Equivalents | 2018 |  | 2017
Options to purchase common stock | 8,945,275 |  |  | 7,811,387 |
Restricted stock units | 1,711,213 |  |  | 1,324,410 |
Convertible preferred stock | 8,456 |  |  | 8,456 |
Total | 10,664,944 |  |  | 9,144,253 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for earnings per share. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 260 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144383 + Details
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