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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Mar. 31, 2019
Sep. 30, 2018
Mar. 31, 2018
Sep. 30, 2019
Sep. 30, 2018
Dec. 31, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:              
Net loss $ (23,536,452) $ (29,288,867) $ (25,015,672) $ (32,350,828) $ (82,404,395) $ (64,005,625)  
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:              
Depreciation         2,746,463 2,768,096  
Amortization of intangible assets 267,000   267,000   799,688 983,021  
Change in fair value of common stock warrants         0 (360,795)  
Change in fair value of derivative liability         (2,551,453) 0  
Stock-based compensation         8,867,810 8,516,349  
Non-cash interest expense         2,587,619 0  
Amortization of premiums on investments         1,962 71,707  
Loss (gain) on short-term investments         (238,083) 557,875  
Loss (gain) on equity investment in affiliated entities 485,841   (1,017,359)   1,409,156 (1,305,174)  
Tax benefit from other unrealized gains on short-term investments         (335,228) 0  
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents         183,756 0  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:              
Accounts receivable         2,540,066 3,171,498  
Accounts receivable from affiliated entities         (239,961) (1,081,016)  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets         (271,012) 999,047  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets from affiliated entities         (460,306) (261,187)  
Other assets         (61,057) 13,695  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses         (12,791,123) (4,888,115)  
Accrued clinical trial expenses         (1,170,866) (1,258,837)  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses due to affiliated entities         (515,196) (236,023)  
Deferred revenue         (144,154) (1,006,745)  
Deferred revenue from affiliated entities         31,250 (105,685)  
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, net         (622,138) (277,892)  
Deferred grant funding         (2,269,322) 1,297,416  
Deferred grant funding from affiliated entities         828,842 39,583  
Other liabilities         (35,107) 99,669  
Net cash used in operating activities         (84,112,789) (56,269,138)  
Cash flows from investing activities:              
Purchases of investments         (86,950,301) (47,869,250)  
Maturities of investments         68,344,014 84,848,556  
Purchases of capital assets         (873,484) (1,741,955)  
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities         (19,479,771) 35,237,351  
Cash flows from financing activities:              
Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes and convertible bonds         93,425,973 0  
Costs related to issuance of convertible senior notes and convertible bonds         (3,314,757) 0  
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs         3,425,065 14,923,263  
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards, net of proceeds from stock option exercises         (800,656) 1,719,767  
Acquisition of non-controlling interest         3,016,538 0  
Net cash provided by financing activities         95,752,163 16,643,030  
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents         (7,840,397) (4,388,757)  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period   $ 23,693,633   $ 23,786,579 23,693,633 23,786,579 $ 23,786,579
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 15,853,236   $ 19,397,822   15,853,236 19,397,822 $ 23,693,633
Supplemental disclosures:              
Amounts accrued for purchases of property and equipment         0 188,253  
Interest paid         $ 2,692,083 $ 0