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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) | 1 Months Ended | 2 Months Ended | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended |  |  |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Jul. 31, 2019 | Mar. 11, 2020 USD ($) shares | Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) | Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) | Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) | Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) segment | Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2019 KRW (₩) | Dec. 26, 2019 | Aug. 01, 2019 | Mar. 01, 2019 USD ($) | Jan. 01, 2019 USD ($)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss from operations |  |  | $ (37,662,038) | $ (23,090,693) | $ (29,387,226) | $ (29,219,262) | $ (119,359,219) | $ (96,967,830) | $ (88,205,772) |  |  |  |  |
Working capital |  |  | 62,200,000 |  |  |  | 62,200,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (739,785,655) |  |  |  | (739,785,655) | (620,426,436) |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,089,010 | 29,227,776 | $ 94,347,922 |  |  |  |  |
Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments |  |  | 89,500,000 |  |  |  | 89,500,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in affiliated entities |  |  | 6,315,356 |  |  |  | $ 6,315,356 | 9,405,913 |  |  |  |  |  |
Expected number of positions to be eliminated, percent | 28.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring charges |  |  |  | $ 2,200,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of operating segments | segment |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | $ 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |
Finite lived intangible assets, net |  |  | 3,693,851 |  |  |  | 3,693,851 | 4,760,145 |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets, valuation allowance |  |  | 137,159,000 |  |  |  | 137,159,000 | 115,007,000 |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating right-of-use assets |  |  | 13,783,009 |  |  |  | 13,783,009 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 14,634,769
Total operating lease liabilities |  |  | 22,484,764 |  |  |  | $ 22,484,764 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Minimum |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant, and equipment, useful life |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 years |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intangible asset, useful life |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 years |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maximum |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant, and equipment, useful life |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 years |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intangible asset, useful life |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18 years |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,600,000
Total operating lease liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24,200,000
Deferred rent credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ (9,600,000)
Sales Agreement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 9,100,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
6.50% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt instrument, face amount |  |  | 78,500,000 |  |  |  | 78,500,000 |  |  |  |  |  | $ 78,500,000.0 |
Stated interest rate |  |  |  |  |  | 6.50% |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6.50% |
August 2019 Convertible Bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt instrument, face amount |  |  | 15,578,211 |  |  |  | 15,578,211 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 2019 Convertible Bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt instrument, face amount |  |  | 4,067,644 |  |  |  | 4,067,644 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible Debt | 6.50% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of debt |  |  |  |  |  |  | 75,700,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt instrument, face amount |  |  | $ 78,500,000.0 |  |  |  | $ 78,500,000.0 |  |  |  |  |  | $ 78,500,000.0 |
Stated interest rate |  |  | 6.50% |  |  |  | 6.50% |  |  | 6.50% |  |  |  |
Convertible Debt | August 2019 Convertible Bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of debt |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 14,500,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt instrument, face amount |  |  | $ 15,000,000.0 |  |  |  | $ 15,000,000.0 |  |  | ₩ 18,000,000,000 |  |  |  |
Stated interest rate |  |  | 1.00% |  |  |  | 1.00% |  |  | 1.00% |  | 1.00% |  |
Convertible Debt | December 2019 Convertible Bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of debt |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 4,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt instrument, face amount |  |  | $ 4,100,000.0 |  |  |  | $ 4,100,000.0 |  |  | ₩ 4,700,000,000.0 |  |  |  |
Stated interest rate |  |  | 1.00% |  |  |  | 1.00% |  |  | 1.00% | 1.00% |  |  |
Geneos Therapeutics, Inc. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-controlling interest |  |  | 39.00% |  |  |  | 39.00% |  |  | 39.00% |  |  |  |
VGX Animal Health, Inc |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-controlling interest |  |  | 15.00% |  |  |  | 15.00% |  |  | 15.00% |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in affiliated entities |  |  | $ 6,315,356 |  |  |  | $ 6,315,356 | 9,405,913 |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in affiliated entities |  |  | 6,315,356 |  |  |  | $ 6,315,356 | 9,405,913 |  |  |  |  |  |
Subsequent Event | Common stock | Sales Agreement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |  | $ 208,200,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares issued in transaction (in shares) | shares |  | 43,148,952 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Patents |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intangible asset, useful life |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17 years |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finite lived intangible assets, net |  |  | $ 0 |  |  |  | $ 0 | $ 60,449 |  |  |  |  |  |

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