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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net loss $ (120,551,777) $ (96,967,830) $ (88,205,772)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:      
Depreciation 3,598,388 3,747,183 1,850,376
Amortization of intangible assets 1,066,294 1,249,584 1,618,665
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets 851,760    
Change in fair value of common stock warrants 0 (360,795) (806,819)
Change in fair value of derivative liability 1,763,652 0 0
Stock-based compensation 10,901,320 10,654,622 13,070,962
Non-cash interest expense 5,230,954 0 0
Amortization of premiums on investments 1,962 72,561 319,845
Deferred taxes 5,397 0 (150,027)
Loss (gain) on short-term investments (476,368) 1,342,005 215,423
Loss on disposal of fixed assets 5,889 14,529 0
Loss on equity investment in affiliated entities 3,090,557 1,988,567 6,982,664
Gain on sale of intangible assets 0 0 (1,000,000)
Tax benefit from other unrealized gains on short-term investments (266,215) 0 0
Unrealized transaction loss on foreign-currency denominated debt 471,172 0 0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:      
Accounts receivable 2,616,288 2,686,844 9,818,306
Accounts receivable from affiliated entities (593,461) (251,964) 261,736
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (178,008) 1,194,316 (851,847)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets from affiliated entities 70,665 725,202 (333,583)
Other assets (2,026) (30,644) (526,207)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses (4,337,829) 550,407 2,829,807
Accrued clinical trial expenses (1,622,037) (2,940,128) 2,243,503
Accounts payable and accrued expenses due to affiliated entities (248,063) 50,849 (145,636)
Deferred revenue (180,450) (1,016,836) (13,689,322)
Deferred revenue from affiliated entities (1,800) (140,535) (319,876)
Deferred rent 0 (398,357) 3,608,881
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, net (1,733,599)    
Grant funding liability 1,899,364 4,165,848 0
Grant funding liability from affiliated entities 816,342 27,083 0
Other liabilities (48,507) 87,333 0
Net cash used in operating activities (97,850,136) (73,550,156) (63,208,921)
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Purchases of investments (100,950,301) (88,155,046) (95,700,144)
Proceeds from sale of or maturity of investments 92,893,232 132,659,976 77,162,902
Purchases of capital assets (987,926) (2,085,022) (10,293,902)
Proceeds from sale of intangible assets 0 0 1,000,000
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (9,044,995) 42,419,908 (27,831,144)
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Proceeds from issuances of convertible senior notes and convertible bonds 97,443,617 0 0
Costs related to issuances of convertible senior notes and convertible bonds (3,314,757) 0 0
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants, net of issuance costs 9,089,010 29,227,776 94,347,922
Proceeds from stock option and warrant exercises, net of tax payments 0 1,809,526 1,342,250
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards, net of proceeds from option exercises (780,406) 0 0
Acquisition of non-controlling interest 2,960,131 0 0
Net cash provided by financing activities 105,397,595 31,037,302 95,690,172
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (1,497,536) (92,946) 4,650,107
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 23,693,633 23,786,579 19,136,472
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period 22,196,097 23,693,633 23,786,579
Supplemental disclosure:      
Amounts accrued for purchases of property and equipment 0 559,646 1,254,117
Interest paid 2,717,585 0 0
Equity component of issuance of convertible notes 15,752,698 $ 0 $ 0
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations $ 14,634,769