<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001193125-21-000955.txt : 20210104
<SEC-HEADER>0001193125-21-000955.hdr.sgml : 20210104
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20210104161200
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001193125-21-000955
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20201231
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20210104
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20210104

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			INOVIO PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001055726
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SURGICAL & MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS & APPARATUS [3841]
		IRS NUMBER:				330969592
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-14888
		FILM NUMBER:		21501904

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		6769 MESA RIDGE RD.
		CITY:			SAN DIEGO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92121
		BUSINESS PHONE:		8584103134

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		6769 MESA RIDGE RD.
		CITY:			SAN DIEGO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92121

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	INOVIO BIOMEDICAL CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20050404

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	GENETRONICS BIOMEDICAL CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20011116

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	GENETRONICS BIOMEDICAL LTD
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19980213
</SEC-HEADER>
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<div style="text-align:center"><div style="width:8.5in;text-align:left;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto">

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<td style="width:11%;vertical-align:top" align="left"><span style="font-weight:bold">Item&#160;1.01.</span></td>
<td align="left" style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left">Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement. </p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On December&#160;31, 2020, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the &#8220;<span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-style:italic">Company</span></span>&#8221;) entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement (the &#8220;<span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-style:italic">Agreement</span></span>&#8221;) with Advaccine Biopharmaceuticals Suzhou Co., Ltd. (&#8220;<span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-style:italic">Advaccine</span></span>&#8221;). Under the terms of the Agreement, the Company has granted to Advaccine the exclusive right to develop, manufacture and commercialize the Company&#8217;s vaccine candidate <span style="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</span> within the territories of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau (referred to collectively as &#8220;<span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-style:italic">Greater China</span></span>&#8221;). Advaccine will not have the right to grant sublicenses, other than to affiliated entities, without the Company&#8217;s express prior written consent. As part of the collaboration, Advaccine has also granted to the Company a <span style="white-space:nowrap">non-exclusive</span> license to certain DNA vaccine manufacturing processes. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company and Advaccine have collaborated since January 2020 to leverage Advaccine&#8217;s clinical development expertise to conduct an early-stage clinical trial in China in parallel with the Company&#8217;s clinical development efforts in the United States and South Korea. In December 2020, the Company and Advaccine announced that they had dosed the first subject in a Phase 2 clinical trial of <span style="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</span> in China. This trial is independent of the Company&#8217;s ongoing clinical trial of <span style="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800,</span> called INNOVATE, being conducted in the United States. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Under the Agreement, Advaccine will make an upfront payment to the Company of $3.0&#160;million. In addition to the upfront payment, the Company is entitled to receive up to an aggregate of $108.0&#160;million upon the achievement of specified milestones related to the development, regulatory approval and commercialization of <span style="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800,</span> including the achievement of specified net sales thresholds for <span style="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</span> in Greater China, if approved. The Company will also be entitled to receive a royalty equal to a high single-digit percentage of annual net sales in each region within Greater China, subject to reduction in the event of competition from biosimilar products in a particular region and in other specified circumstances. Advaccine&#8217;s obligation to pay royalties will continue, on a licensed <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="white-space:nowrap">product-by-licensed</span></span> product basis and <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="white-space:nowrap">region-by-region</span></span> basis, for ten (10)&#160;years after the first commercial sale in a particular region within Greater China or, if later, until the expiration of the <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="white-space:nowrap">last-to-expire</span></span> patent covering a given licensed product in a given region. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Under the Agreement, Advaccine will be responsible for the development and commercialization of the licensed products at its own cost and expense and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to develop, obtain and maintain regulatory approval of <span style="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800,</span> as well as the Company&#8217;s CELLECTRA device and arrays for use in connection with the administration of <span style="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800,</span> in each region in Greater China. In the event that the Company has not initiated the planned Phase 3 segment of its ongoing clinical trial of <span style="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</span> in the United States within one year after entering into the Agreement, Advaccine may elect to conduct a Phase 3 clinical trial outside of Greater China at its own cost and expense for the purposes of obtaining regulatory approval in China, subject to the Company&#8217;s right to review and approve the protocols and design of such a trial. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Under the Agreement, the Company will supply Advaccine&#8217;s clinical requirements of <span style="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</span> and devices, although Advaccine may manufacture <span style="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</span> for its clinical use and may procure alternate suppliers. Advaccine is responsible for the manufacture and supply of <span style="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</span> itself or through a contract manufacturer for commercial use. Upon Advaccine&#8217;s reasonable request, the parties may negotiate a separate clinical and/or commercial supply agreement. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Agreement will continue in force on a <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="white-space:nowrap">region-by-region</span></span> basis until Advaccine has no remaining royalty obligations in such region. Either party may terminate the Agreement (i)&#160;in the event the other party shall have materially breached its obligations thereunder and such default shall have continued for a specified period after written notice thereof or (ii)&#160;upon the bankruptcy or insolvency of the other party. In addition, the Company may terminate the agreement, upon prior written notice, if Advaccine (i)&#160;ceases all development or commercialization activities for at least nine months, subject to certain exceptions, or (ii)&#160;challenges the validity, enforceability or scope of any of the patents licensed by the Company to Advaccine under the Agreement, subject to certain conditions. Advaccine may terminate the Agreement at any time for convenience upon nine months&#8217; written notice to the Company, if such notice is provided before the first commercial sale of <span style="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</span> in Greater China, or 18 months&#8217; written notice thereafter; provided that the Company may accelerate the effectiveness of such termination to the extent permitted by law. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The foregoing summary of the Agreement is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the text of the Agreement, a copy of which will be filed as an exhibit to the Registrant&#8217;s Annual Report on Form <span style="white-space:nowrap">10-K</span> for the year ended December&#160;31, 2020. </p>
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<td align="left" style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left">Regulation FD Disclosure. </p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On January&#160;4, 2021, the Company issued a press release announcing the Agreement. A copy of this press release is furnished herewith as Exhibit 99.1 to this report. The information contained in the press release furnished as Exhibit 99.1 shall not be deemed &#8220;filed&#8221; for purposes of Section&#160;18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;<span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-style:italic">Exchange Act</span></span>&#8221;), and is not incorporated by reference into any of the Company&#8217;s filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in any such filing. </p> <p style="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="d26944dex991.htm">Press Release, dated January&#160;4, 2021. </a></td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:2.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Date: January&#160;4, 2021</p></td>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 99.1 </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>INOVIO and Advaccine Announce Exclusive Partnership </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>To Commercialize <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">COVID-19</FONT> DNA Vaccine Candidate, </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800,</FONT> in Greater China </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>Partnership Adds Asian Manufacturing Resource </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>to INOVIO&#146;s Global Manufacturing Consortium for <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> Phase 2 Trial Fully Enrolled in China </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify">PLYMOUTH MEETING, Pa. and SUZHOU, China, Jan. 4, 2021 /PRNewswire/ &#150; INOVIO (NASDAQ: INO), a biotechnology company focused on bringing to market
precisely designed DNA medicines to treat and protect people from infectious diseases and cancer, and Advaccine Biopharmaceuticals Suzhou Co., Ltd. (&#147;Advaccine&#148;), an emerging biotech company with next-generation technology in vaccines,
both preventive and therapeutic, today announced that they have entered into a collaboration and license agreement for <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">COVID-19</FONT> DNA vaccine candidate <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800.</FONT> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify">Under the collaboration and license agreement, Advaccine will have the exclusive right to develop, manufacture and commercialize <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> within Greater China, inclusive of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. Advaccine will license its plasmid manufacturing process for use with <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> and
other INOVIO pipeline product candidates to INOVIO with the right to sublicense to INOVIO&#146;s manufacturing partners. Additionally, Advaccine will provide its clinical data to INOVIO in support of INOVIO&#146;s global <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> regulatory filings and INOVIO will provide its <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> clinical data for Advaccine to incorporate into its marketing applications in Greater China. Advaccine will
make to INOVIO an upfront payment of $3.0&nbsp;million as well as pay an aggregate of $108.0&nbsp;million upon the achievement of specified development and sales-based milestones for <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> in Greater China.
INOVIO will be entitled to receive a royalty equal to a high single-digit percentage of annual net sales in each region within Greater China. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify">Dr.&nbsp;J. Joseph Kim, President and Chief Executive Officer of INOVIO, said, &#147;INOVIO&#146;s partnership with Advaccine enables us to leverage
their deep expertise, capabilities and network across the region &#150; making it possible to rapidly produce and if and when approved, distribute our vaccine candidate to more people across Greater China. This agreement also provides INOVIO with an
Asian manufacturing partner with a near-term focus on <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> and a long-term manufacturing resource potentially for other INOVIO products. We are grateful for Advaccine joining our global manufacturing
coalition as a dedicated resource for Greater China and look forward to our continued partnership in the fight against <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">COVID-19.&#148;</FONT> </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify">Dr.&nbsp;Bin Wang, Founder and Chairman of Advaccine, said, &#147;We are proud to build upon our
current partnership with INOVIO and join their global manufacturing consortium. Advaccine will leverage its innovative large-scale DNA plasmid manufacturing process developed over years &#151; our GMP manufacturing facility in Suzhou has the
capacity to produce over one hundred million doses of DNA vaccine per year. Given the strong safety profile and robust immune responses observed in the U.S. and China clinical trials of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800,</FONT> we are
confident in the vaccine candidate and are fully committed to the manufacturing of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> for Greater China. <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> is projected to be stable at room temperature for
over a year, at 37<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">o</SUP>C for more than a month, and with a five-year projected shelf life at normal refrigeration temperature. <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> does not need to be
frozen during transport or storage &#150; a critical element when considering the feasibility of distribution in Greater China and globally.&#148; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify">INOVIO and Advaccine have been working together to advance the clinical development of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> in China, having
all 640 subjects dosed for the first vaccination in Phase 2 clinical trial in China. The Phase 2 clinical trial of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> in China has enrolled both adults who are
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">18-59</FONT> years old and older adults (60 years and older) with the primary endpoints of evaluating safety and immunogenicity within the Chinese population. The dosing regimen involves two vaccinations at 0 and 28
days with either 1.0 mg or 2.0 mg dosing levels, similar to the independently run Phase 2 segment of INOVIO&#146;s Phase 2/3 clinical trial for <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> in the U.S, called INNOVATE (<B><U>IN</U></B>OVIO
I<B><U>NO</U></B>-4800 <B><U>Va</U></B>ccine <B><U>T</U></B>rial for <B><U>E</U></B>fficacy). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify">INOVIO also recently <U>announced</U> it has started
dosing of subjects in the Phase 2 segment of INNOVATE. For more information about the INNOVATE clinical trial, see www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04642638. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL"><B>About the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> &#147;INNOVATE&#148; Phase 2/3 Clinical Trial </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify">The lead Principal Investigator for INNOVATE is Dr.&nbsp;Pablo Tebas, Professor of Medicine at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. The Phase
2 segment of the clinical trial is designed to evaluate safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> in a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2-dose</FONT> regimen (1.0 mg or 2.0 mg), in a <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">three-to-one</FONT></FONT> randomization (in a planned total of 400 subjects) to receive either <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> or placebo, to confirm the more appropriate
dosing level for each of three age groups <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(18-50</FONT> years, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">51-64</FONT> years and 65 years and older) for the subsequent Phase 3 efficacy evaluation. The company strives to ensure
diversity in enrollment, targeting specific populations that are working or residing in environments with high risk of exposure to <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">SARS-CoV-2,</FONT></FONT> for whom exposure may be
relatively prolonged or for whom personal protective equipment (PPE) may be inconsistently used, especially in confined settings. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify">The INNOVATE
trial is funded by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND) in coordination with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs
(OASD (HA)) and the Defense Health Agency (DHA). In the planned Phase 3 segment of the trial, INOVIO intends to enroll healthy men and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-pregnant</FONT> women 18 years and older, to evaluate the efficacy of the
proposed dosing level(s) for each age group based on the data from the Phase 2 evaluation. Participants will be enrolled in a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">one-to-one</FONT></FONT> randomization to receive either <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> or a placebo. The Phase 3 segment will be case-driven with the final number of enrollees to be determined by the incidence of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">COVID-19</FONT> during the Phase 3 segment. The
primary endpoint of the Phase 3 segment will be virologically confirmed <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">COVID-19</FONT> disease. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL"><B>About INOVIO&#146;s Global Coalition Advancing <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify">INOVIO has assembled a global coalition of collaborators, partners and funders to rapidly advance the development of
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800.</FONT> To date, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), the Bill&nbsp;&amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Defense have contributed significant funding to the
advancement and manufacturing of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800.R&amp;D</FONT> collaborators to date include The Wistar Institute, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Texas, Fudan University and Laval University. INOVIO has
partnered with Advaccine and the International Vaccine Institute to conduct clinical trials of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> in China and South Korea, respectively. INOVIO is also assessing nonclinical efficacy of <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> in several animal challenge models with Public Health England (PHE) and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) in Australia. INOVIO is working with a team of contract
manufacturers including Kaneka Eurogentec S.A, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Richter-Helm BioLogics, and Ology Bioservices to manufacture <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> on a commercial scale and is seeking additional external funding
and partnerships to further scale up manufacturing capacities to satisfy the urgent global demand for safe and effective vaccines. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL"><B>About <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> is INOVIO&#146;s DNA vaccine candidate against <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">SARS-CoV-2,</FONT></FONT> the novel coronavirus that causes <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">COVID-19.</FONT> INOVIO has extensive experience working with coronaviruses and was the first
company to initiate a Phase 2a trial for <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4700,</FONT> a DNA vaccine candidate for a related coronavirus that causes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify">Composed of an optimized DNA plasmid, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> is delivered directly into cells in the body via a proprietary
smart device to produce a robust, safe and tolerable immune response. <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> is the only nucleic-acid based vaccine that is stable at room temperature for more than a year, at 37<SUP
STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">o</SUP> C for more than a month, has a five-year projected shelf life at normal refrigeration temperature and does not need to be frozen during transport or storage &#150; all of which are important
considerations when preparing for mass immunizations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL"><B>About INOVIO&#146;s DNA Medicines Platform </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify">INOVIO has 15 DNA medicine clinical programs currently in development focused on <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">HPV-associated</FONT> diseases, cancer,
and infectious diseases, including coronaviruses associated with MERS and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">COVID-19,</FONT> being developed under grants from the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and the U.S. Department of
Defense. DNA medicines are composed of optimized DNA plasmids, which are small circles of double-stranded DNA that are synthesized or reorganized by a computer sequencing technology and designed to produce a specific immune response in the body.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify">INOVIO&#146;s DNA medicines deliver optimized plasmids directly into cells intramuscularly or intradermally using INOVIO&#146;s proprietary
hand-held smart device called CELLECTRA<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>. The CELLECTRA<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP> device uses a brief electrical pulse to reversibly open small pores in the
cell to allow the plasmids to enter, overcoming a key limitation of other DNA and other nucleic acid approaches, such as mRNA. Once inside the cell, the DNA plasmids enable the cell to produce the targeted antigen. The antigen is processed naturally
in the cell and triggers the desired T cell and antibody-mediated immune responses. Administration with the CELLECTRA<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP> device ensures that the DNA medicine is efficiently delivered directly
into the body&#146;s cells, where it can go to work to drive an immune response. INOVIO&#146;s DNA medicines do not interfere with or change in any way an individual&#146;s own DNA. The advantages of INOVIO&#146;s DNA medicine platform are how fast
DNA medicines can be designed and manufactured; the stability of the products, which do not require freezing in storage and transport; and the robust immune response, safety profile, and tolerability that have been observed in clinical trials. </P>
</DIV></Center>


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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify">With more than 2,000 patients receiving INOVIO investigational DNA medicines in more than 7,000
applications across a range of clinical trials, INOVIO has a strong track record of rapidly generating DNA medicine candidates with potential to meet urgent global health needs. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL"><B>About Advaccine </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify">Advaccine Biopharmaceuticals Suzhou Co.,
Ltd. (&#147;Advaccine&#148;) is an emerging clinical stage immunotherapy company pioneering novel preventive and therapeutic vaccines against infectious diseases, cancers and autoimmune diseases. Advaccine exploits a wide range of vaccine
applications, with innovative antigen technologies, its adjuvant platform and along with a cellular immunity assessment platform for the swift development of novel vaccine and immunotherapeutic candidates. Through years of innovative preclinical and
clinical research, Advaccine has successfully built a broad portfolio of vaccine candidates including a preventive vaccine based on a novel adjuvant targeting respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in the elderly and infants, an
immunotherapeutic vaccine against chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and also immunotherapeutic vaccine candidates against autoimmune diseases and various cancers. Based on its deep expertise in vaccine research and
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">in-house</FONT> large-scale manufacturing capabilities, Advaccine has been able to bring several vaccine candidates to clinical stages and ready for late stage clinical testing and commercial launch in the near
future. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL"><B>About INOVIO </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify">INOVIO is a biotechnology company
focused on rapidly bringing to market precisely designed DNA medicines to treat and protect people from infectious diseases, cancer, and diseases associated with HPV. INOVIO is the first and only company to have clinically demonstrated that a DNA
medicine can be delivered directly into cells in the body via a proprietary smart device to produce a robust and tolerable immune response. Specifically, INOVIO&#146;s lead candidate VGX-3100, currently in Phase 3 trials for precancerous cervical
dysplasia, destroyed and cleared high-risk HPV 16 and 18 in a Phase 2b clinical trial. High-risk HPV is responsible for 70% of cervical cancer, 91% of anal cancer, and 69% of vulvar cancer. Also in development are programs targeting <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">HPV-related</FONT> cancers and a rare <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">HPV-related</FONT> disease, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP);
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-HPV-related</FONT></FONT> cancers glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and prostate cancer; as well as externally funded infectious disease DNA vaccine development programs in Zika,
Lassa fever, Ebola, HIV, and coronaviruses associated with MERS and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">COVID-19</FONT> diseases. Partners and collaborators include Advaccine, ApolloBio Corporation, AstraZeneca, The Bill&nbsp;&amp; Melinda Gates
Foundation, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)/Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND)/Department of Defense (DoD),
HIV Vaccines Trial Network, International Vaccine Institute (IVI), Kaneka Eurogentec, Medical CBRN Defense Consortium (MCDC), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Ology
Bioservices, the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Plumbline Life Sciences, Regeneron, Richter-Helm BioLogics, Thermo Fisher Scientific, University of Pennsylvania, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, and The Wistar Institute. INOVIO
also is a proud recipient of 2020 Women on Boards &#147;W&#148; designation recognizing companies with more than 20% women on their board of directors. For more information, visit <U>www.inovio.com</U>. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL"><B>CONTACTS: </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL">Media: Jeff
Richardson, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">267-440-4211,</FONT></FONT> <U>jrichardson@inovio.com</U> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL">Investors: Ben Matone, <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">484-362-0076,</FONT></FONT> <U>ben.matone@inovio.com</U> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify"><I>This press release contains
certain forward-looking statements relating to our business, including our plans to develop, manufacture and commercialize DNA medicines, in particular our vaccine candidate <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> in Greater China in
collaboration with Advaccine, our expectations regarding our research and development programs, including the planned initiation and conduct of the Phase 2/3 clinical trial of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">INO-4800</FONT> in the United States and
a Phase 2 clinical trial in China, and our ability to successfully manufacture and produce large quantities of our product candidates if they receive regulatory approval. Actual events or results may differ from the expectations set forth herein as
a result of a number of factors, including uncertainties inherent in preclinical studies, clinical trials, product development programs and commercialization activities and outcomes, our ability to secure sufficient manufacturing capacity to mass
produce our product candidates, the availability of funding to support continuing research and studies in an effort to prove safety and efficacy of electroporation technology as a delivery mechanism or develop viable DNA medicines, our ability to
support our pipeline of DNA medicine products, the ability of our collaborators to attain development and commercial milestones for products we license and product sales that will enable us to receive future payments and royalties, the adequacy of
our capital resources, the availability or potential availability of alternative therapies or treatments for the conditions targeted by us or our collaborators, including alternatives that may be more efficacious or cost effective than any therapy
or treatment that we and our collaborators hope to develop, issues involving product liability, issues involving patents and whether they or licenses to them will provide us with meaningful protection from others using the covered technologies,
whether such proprietary rights are enforceable or defensible or infringe or allegedly infringe on rights of others or can withstand claims of invalidity and whether we can finance or devote other significant resources that may be necessary to
prosecute, protect or defend them, the level of corporate expenditures, assessments of our technology by potential corporate or other partners or collaborators, capital market conditions, the impact of government healthcare proposals and other
factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K</FONT> for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2019, our Quarterly Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q</FONT> for the quarter ended September&nbsp;30,
2020 and other filings we make from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. There can be no assurance that any product candidate in our pipeline will be successfully developed, manufactured or commercialized, that final results of
clinical trials will be supportive of regulatory approvals required to market products, or that any of the forward-looking information provided herein will be proven accurate. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this release, and
we undertake no obligation to update or revise these statements, except as may be required by law. </I></P>
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    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
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    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" />
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
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    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
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</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>ino-20201231_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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</TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>g26944g0104211943673.jpg
<DESCRIPTION>GRAPHIC
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  xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019-01-31"
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    <context id="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001055726</identifier>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2020-12-31</startDate>
            <endDate>2020-12-31</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <dei:AmendmentFlag contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">false</dei:AmendmentFlag>
    <dei:EntityCentralIndexKey
      contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31"
      id="Hidden_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">0001055726</dei:EntityCentralIndexKey>
    <dei:DocumentType contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">8-K</dei:DocumentType>
    <dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">2020-12-31</dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate>
    <dei:EntityRegistrantName contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
    <dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">DE</dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode>
    <dei:EntityFileNumber contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">001-14888</dei:EntityFileNumber>
    <dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">33-0969592</dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber>
    <dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1 contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">660 W. Germantown Pike</dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1>
    <dei:EntityAddressAddressLine2 contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">Suite 110</dei:EntityAddressAddressLine2>
    <dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">Plymouth Meeting</dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown>
    <dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">PA</dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince>
    <dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">19462</dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode>
    <dei:CityAreaCode contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">(267)</dei:CityAreaCode>
    <dei:LocalPhoneNumber contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">440-4200</dei:LocalPhoneNumber>
    <dei:WrittenCommunications contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">false</dei:WrittenCommunications>
    <dei:SolicitingMaterial contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">false</dei:SolicitingMaterial>
    <dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">false</dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer>
    <dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">false</dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer>
    <dei:Security12bTitle contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">Common Stock, $0.001 par value</dei:Security12bTitle>
    <dei:TradingSymbol contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">INO</dei:TradingSymbol>
    <dei:SecurityExchangeName contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">NASDAQ</dei:SecurityExchangeName>
    <dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany contextRef="duration_2020-12-31_to_2020-12-31">false</dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.20.4</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140030591312504">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001055726<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Dec. 31,  2020<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation State Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-14888<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">33-0969592<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">660 W. Germantown Pike<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 110<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Plymouth Meeting<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">PA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">19462<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(267)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">440-4200<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre Commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Security 12b Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $0.001 par value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">INO<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
</tr>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
