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Collaborative Agreements | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Collaborative Agreements | Collaborative Agreements Advaccine Biopharmaceuticals Suzhou Co., Ltd. On December 31, 2020, the Company entered into a Collaboration and License Agreement with Advaccine Biopharmaceuticals Suzhou Co., Ltd. (“Advaccine”), which was amended and restated on June 7, 2021 (as amended and restated, the “Advaccine Agreement”). Under the terms of the Advaccine Agreement, the Company granted to Advaccine the exclusive right to develop, manufacture and commercialize the Company’s vaccine candidate INO-4800 within the territories of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau (referred to collectively as “Greater China”) and 33 additional countries in Asia. Advaccine does not have the right to grant sublicenses, other than to affiliated entities, without the Company’s express prior written consent. As part of the collaboration, Advaccine also granted to the Company a non-exclusive license to certain DNA vaccine manufacturing processes. The June 2021 amendment relates to the collaboration between the Company and Advaccine to jointly conduct the global Phase 3 segment of the Company’s ongoing Phase 2/3 trial of INO-4800 and expand the existing collaboration to include the planned global Phase 3 trial. The parties will jointly participate in the trial and will equally share the global development costs for the trial, including the Company’s manufacturing costs to supply INO-4800. In certain instances, the Company will have the right to convert the exclusive license to a non-exclusive license in the licensed territories, other than Greater China, unless Advaccine agrees to pay the Company its full share of development costs in excess of a specified maximum. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Advaccine will be fully responsible for conducting the trial in Greater China, including its costs and expenses incurred. The Company will be fully responsible for its costs and expenses, if any, incurred solely as a result of its activities in connection with the performance of the trial in the United States. The parties may continue to conduct clinical trials of INO-4800 outside of the territories covered by the Advaccine Agreement. In the event that a global purchasing entity desires to enter into a purchase agreement for INO-4800 in both parties’ territories, the parties will enter into good faith negotiations for an arrangement to supply INO-4800 to such entity. In addition, the Company is permitted to enter into an agreement with a global purchasing entity to authorize the entity to conduct a portion of the global Phase 3 trial in the licensed territory outside of Greater China. Under the Advaccine Agreement, Advaccine made an upfront payment to the Company of $3.0 million in January 2021. In addition to the upfront payment, the Company is entitled to receive up to an aggregate of $206.0 million upon the achievement of specified milestones related to the development, regulatory approval and commercialization of INO-4800, including the achievement of specified net sales thresholds for INO-4800 in Greater China and the additional covered territories, if approved. As of December 31, 2020 the Company had earned a $2.0 million milestone payment based on the enrollment of the first participant in the Phase 2 clinical trial for the product in the Advaccine territory. The Company will also be entitled to receive a royalty equal to a high single-digit percentage of annual net sales in each region within the licensed territory, subject to reduction in the event of competition from biosimilar products in a particular region and in other specified circumstances. Advaccine’s obligation to pay royalties will continue, on a licensed product-by-licensed product basis and region-by-region basis, for ten years after the first commercial sale in a particular region within Greater China or, if later, until the expiration of the last-to-expire patent covering a given licensed product in a given region. Beginning in the first calendar year following the first commercial sale of INO-4800 in the licensed territory outside of Greater China, Advaccine will pay the Company an annual maintenance fee of $1.5 million for a period of five years, which fee will be creditable against any royalties payable by Advaccine with respect to sales outside of Greater China. Under the Advaccine Agreement, the Company will supply Advaccine’s clinical requirements of INO-4800 and devices, although Advaccine may manufacture INO-4800 for its clinical use and may procure alternate suppliers. Advaccine is responsible for the manufacture and supply of INO-4800 itself or through a contract manufacturer for commercial use. Upon Advaccine’s reasonable request, the parties may negotiate a separate clinical and/or commercial supply agreement. The Advaccine Agreement will continue in force on a region-by-region basis until Advaccine has no remaining royalty obligations in such region. Either party may terminate the Advaccine Agreement (i) in the event the other party shall have materially breached its obligations thereunder and such default shall have continued for a specified period after written notice thereof or (ii) upon the bankruptcy or insolvency of the other party. In addition, the Company may terminate the agreement, upon prior written notice, if Advaccine (i) ceases all development or commercialization activities for at least nine months, subject to certain exceptions, or (ii) challenges the validity, enforceability or scope of any of the patents licensed by the Company to Advaccine under the Advaccine Agreement, subject to certain conditions. Advaccine may terminate the Advaccine Agreement at any time for convenience upon nine months’ written notice to the Company, if such notice is provided before the first commercial sale of INO-4800 in the licensed territory, or 18 months’ written notice thereafter; provided that the Company may accelerate the effectiveness of such termination to the extent permitted by law. The Company evaluated the terms of the Advaccine Agreement under ASC Topics 606 and 808 at inception and determined that the contract was with a customer and therefore should be accounted for under ASC Topic 606. The license to INO-4800 in the territories was identified as the only distinct performance obligation on a standalone basis as of the inception of the Advaccine Agreement. The Company concluded that the license was distinct from potential future manufacturing and supply obligations. The Company further determined that the transaction price under the Advaccine Agreement consisted of the $3.0 million upfront payment received in January 2021 plus the initial $2.0 million milestone payment which was achieved upon contract signing. The future potential milestone amounts were not included in the transaction price, as they were all determined to be fully constrained. As part of the evaluation of the development and regulatory milestones constraint, the Company determined that the achievement of such milestones is contingent upon success in future clinical trials and regulatory approvals, each of which is uncertain. Future potential milestone amounts may be recognized as revenue under the Advaccine Agreement, as well as under other collaborative research and development arrangements, if unconstrained. Reimbursable program costs will be recognized proportionately with the performance of the underlying services or delivery of drug supply and are excluded from the transaction price. Under Topic 606, the entire transaction price of $5.0 million was allocated to the license performance obligation. The Company determined that as of December 31, 2020, the transfer of technology has occurred for the use and benefit of the license and accordingly, the performance obligation was fully satisfied. The Company accordingly recognized $5.0 million in revenue under collaborative research and development arrangements on the consolidated statement of operations during the year ended December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had an accounts receivable balance of $7.1 million from Advaccine. There has been no additional revenue earned under this collaboration agreement with Advaccine for the year ended December 31, 2021. In connection with the June 2021 amendment, the Company determined that the Global Phase 3 trial component of the agreement is a collaboration and not a contract with a customer and therefore concluded to account for the June 2021 amendment under ASC Topic 808. Reimbursements from Advaccine will be recognized as contra-research development expense on the condensed consolidated statement of operations once earned and collectibility is assured. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company received funding of $4.5 million from Advaccine that was recorded as contra-research and development expense. ApolloBio Corporation On December 29, 2017, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated License and Collaboration Agreement (the "ApolloBio Agreement"), with ApolloBio Corporation ("ApolloBio"), with an effective date of March 20, 2018. Under the terms of the ApolloBio Agreement, the Company granted to ApolloBio the exclusive right to develop and commercialize VGX-3100, its DNA immunotherapy product candidate designed to treat pre-cancers caused by HPV, within the agreed upon territories. Under the ApolloBio Agreement, the Company received proceeds of $19.4 million in March 2018, which comprised the upfront payment of $23.0 million less $2.2 million in foreign income taxes and $1.4 million in certain foreign non-income taxes. The foreign income taxes were recorded as a provision for income taxes and the foreign non-income taxes were recorded as a general and administrative expense, on the consolidated statement of operations. The Company also incurred advisory fees of $960,000 in connection with receiving the upfront payment from ApolloBio. These fees were determined to be incremental costs of obtaining the contract. The Company applied the practical expedient that permits a company to expense incremental costs to obtain a contract when the expected amortization period is one year or less and recorded the fees in general and administrative expense during the quarter ended March 31, 2018. No additional advisory fees are due related to the ApolloBio Agreement. In addition to the upfront payment, the Company is entitled to receive up to an aggregate of $20.0 million, less required income, withholding or other taxes, upon the achievement of specified milestones related to the regulatory approval of VGX-3100 in accordance with the ApolloBio Agreement. In the event that VGX-3100 is approved for marketing, the Company will be entitled to receive royalty payments based on a tiered percentage of annual net sales, with such percentage being in the low- to mid-teens, subject to reduction in the event of generic competition in a particular territory. ApolloBio’s obligation to pay royalties will continue for 10 years after the first commercial sale in a particular territory or, if later, until the expiration of the last-to-expire patent covering the licensed products in the specified territory. The ApolloBio Agreement will continue in force until ApolloBio has no remaining royalty obligations. Either party may terminate the ApolloBio Agreement in the event the other party shall materially breach or default in the performance of its material obligations thereunder and such default continues for a specified period after written notice thereof. In addition, ApolloBio may terminate the ApolloBio Agreement at any time beginning one year after the effective date for any reason upon 90 days written notice to the Company. The Company evaluated the terms of the ApolloBio Agreement under ASC Topic 606, and the license to VGX-3100 in the territories was identified as the only distinct performance obligation on a standalone basis as of the inception of the agreement. The Company concluded that the license was distinct from potential future manufacturing and supply obligations. The Company further determined that the transaction price under the agreement consisted of the $23.0 million upfront payment. The future potential milestone amounts were not included in the transaction price, as they were all determined to be fully constrained. As part of the evaluation of the development and regulatory milestones constraint, the Company determined that the achievement of such milestones is contingent upon success in future clinical trials and regulatory approvals, each of which is uncertain at this time. Future potential milestone amounts may be recognized as revenue under the ApolloBio Agreement, as well as under other collaborative research and development arrangements, if unconstrained. Reimbursable program costs will be recognized proportionately with the performance of the underlying services or delivery of drug supply and are excluded from the transaction price. As of December 31, 2021 there have been no significant reimbursable program costs under the ApolloBio Agreement. Under Topic 606, the entire transaction price of $23.0 million was allocated to the license performance obligation. The Company determined that during the quarter ended June 30, 2018, the transfer of technology occurred and accordingly, the performance obligation was fully satisfied. AstraZeneca On August 7, 2015, the Company entered into a license and collaboration agreement with MedImmune, the global biologics research and development arm of AstraZeneca ("AstraZeneca"). Under the agreement, AstraZeneca acquired exclusive rights to the Company's INO-3112 immunotherapy, renamed as MEDI0457, which targets cancers caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, with the ability to sublicense those license rights. AstraZeneca made an upfront payment of $27.5 million to the Company in September 2015. AstraZeneca was obligated to make potential future development and regulatory event-based payments to the Company and potential future commercial event-based payments, in each case upon the achievement of specified milestones related to MEDI0457 set forth in the license and collaboration agreement. AstraZeneca was funding all development costs associated with MEDI0457 immunotherapy. The Company was entitled to receive up to mid-single to double-digit tiered royalties on MEDI0457 product sales. Under the agreement, AstraZeneca could also request the Company to provide certain clinical manufacturing at an agreed upon price. The Company determined these options did not represent material rights at the inception of the agreement. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had recognized all of the $27.5 million upfront payment as revenue, as all identified materia l performance obligations had been met with respect to that payment. In both December 2018 and March 2019, the Company recognized as revenue $2.0 million in milestone payments from AstraZeneca triggered by AstraZeneca’s initiation of the Phase 2 portion of ongoing clinical trials in the second and third major indication, respectively, under the agreement. On October 28, 2021, AstraZeneca provided notice to the Company to terminate the INO-3112 / MEDI0457 development program under the agreement. As a result of the termination, the agreement has been terminated in its entirety and the Company has no further obligations under the collaboration. Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations On April 11, 2018, the Company entered into agreements with CEPI, pursuant to which the Company intends to develop vaccine candidates against Lassa fever and MERS. The goal of the collaboration between the Company and CEPI is to conduct research and development so that investigational stockpiles will be ready for clinical efficacy trial testing during potential disease outbreaks. The agreements with CEPI contemplate preclinical studies, as well as Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials, occurring over multiple years. As part of the arrangement between the parties, CEPI has agreed to fund up to an aggregate of $56 million of costs over a five-year period for preclinical studies, as well as planned Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials, to be conducted by the Company and collaborators, with funding from CEPI based on the achievement of identified milestones. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company received funding of $10.0 million and $6.4 million, respectively, related to these grants and recorded those payments as contra-research and development expense. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had an accounts receivable balance of $1.9 million and recorded $23,000 as deferred grant funding on the consolidated balance sheet related to these CEPI grants. In January 2020, CEPI awarded the Company a grant of up to $9.0 million to support preclinical and clinical development of INO-4800 through Phase 1 human testing in the United States. In April 2020, CEPI awarded the Company a grant of $6.9 million to work with the International Vaccine Institute ("IVI") and the Korea National Institute of Health ("KNIH") to conduct clinical trials of INO-4800 in South Korea, a grant of $5.0 million to accelerate development of the Company's next-generation intradermal electroporation device, known as CELLECTRA® 3PSP, for the intradermal delivery of INO-4800, and a grant of $1.3 million to support large-scale manufacturing of INO-4800. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company received funding of $6.9 million and $10.0 million, respectively, from CEPI related to these grants for INO-4800 and recorded such amounts as contra-research and development expense. As of December 31, 2021 the Company had $1.8 million recorded as deferred grant funding on the consolidated balance sheet related to the CEPI grants related to INO-4800. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation In October 2018, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (“Gates”) awarded and funded the Company a grant of $2.2 million to advance the development of dMAbs to address issues in infectious disease prevention and therapy. This technology has high relevance for the control of influenza and HIV. This next-generation approach to the delivery of monoclonal antibodies would make the technology accessible to low and middle-income countries. In August 2019, Gates funded an additional $1.1 million for the project. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded $182,000 and $463,000, respectively, as contra-research and development expense related to the Gates dMAb grant. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $384,000 recorded as deferred grant funding on the consolidated balance sheet related to the grant. In March 2020, Gates awarded and funded the Company a grant of $5.0 million to accelerate the development of the CELLECTRA® 3PSP device for the intradermal delivery of INO-4800. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded $893,000 and $4.1 million, respectively, as contra-research and development expense related to this Gates grant. Department of Defense (DoD) In June 2020, the Company entered into an Other Transaction Authority for Prototype Agreement (the “OTA Agreement”) with the DoD to fund the Company’s efforts in developing the CELLECTRA® 3PSP device and associated arrays to be used for delivery of INO-4800 against COVID-19. Under the OTA Agreement, the Company intends to develop the CELLECTRA® 3PSP device and arrays for use in the U.S. military population and the U.S. population as a whole, subject to approval of the device by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”). The OTA Agreement is also expected to support large-scale manufacturing of the CELLECTRA® 3PSP device, as well as large-scale DNA plasmid production for manufacture and supply of a specified number of doses of INO-4800 in support of FDA approval of the device. The total amount of funding being made available to the Company under the OTA Agreement is $54.5 million. The Company has determined that the OTA Agreement should be considered under Subtopic 958-605, Not-for-Profit Entities-Revenue Recognition, which is outside the scope of Topic 606, as the government agency granting the Company funds is not receiving reciprocal value for their contributions. The Company will record contra-research development expense on the consolidated statement of operations in the same period that the underlying expenses are incurred. Additionally, in June 2020, the Company was awarded a fixed-price contract (the “Procurement Contract”) from the DoD for the purchase of the Company’s intradermal CELLECTRA® 2000 device and accessories. The CELLECTRA® 2000 devices will be used to inject INO-4800 in the Company’s later-stage clinical trials. The total purchase price under the Procurement Contract is expected to be approximately $10.7 million. As of December 31, 2021, t he Company determined that the Procurement Contract falls under the scope of ASC Topic 606 as the contract is with a customer and the Company is able to satisfy its obligations under the arrangement as the Phase 3 clinical trials of INO-4800 are underway. Performance obligations under the Procurement Contract consist of the delivery of a specified number of CELLECTRA® 2000 devices and accessories. The total transaction price was allocated to the individual performance obligations based on the determined standalone selling price for the devices and accessories. The Company will recognize revenue on the consolidated statement of operations upon shipment of the purchased devices and accessories. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded revenue of $755,000 from the Procurement Contract. This revenue was recognized at a 100% margin as the sale was for products whose related inventory had previously been written down to zero. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded $27.1 million and $21.2 million, respectively, as contra-research and development expense related to the OTA agreement. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had an accounts receivable balance of $3.6 million on the consolidated balance sheet from the DoD. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $2.3 million recorded as deferred grant funding on the consolidated balance sheet related to the Procurement Contract. In April 2021, the Company announced that the DoD had notified the Company that it will discontinue funding f or the Phase 3 segment of the Company's clinical trial of INO-4800 in the United States, while continuing funding under the OTA Agreement and Procurement Contract.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for collaborative arrangements in which the entity is a participant, including a) information about the nature and purpose of such arrangements; b) its rights and obligations thereunder; c) the accounting policy for collaborative arrangements; and d) the income statement classification and amounts attributable to transactions arising from the collaborative arrangement between participants. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 808 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6931272&loc=SL5834143-161434 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 808 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6931272&loc=SL5834143-161434 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 808 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=5833765 + Details
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