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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net loss $ (303,658,710) $ (167,474,914) $ (120,551,777)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:      
Depreciation 3,040,096 3,038,996 3,598,388
Amortization of intangible assets 520,415 547,081 1,066,294
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets 1,170,270 1,041,713 851,760
Change in fair value of derivative liability 0 75,670,977 1,763,652
Stock-based compensation 26,336,764 15,647,523 10,901,320
Non-cash interest expense 858,644 4,077,686 5,230,954
Amortization of premiums on investments 1,633,286 0 1,962
Deferred taxes 0 0 5,397
Loss (gain) on short-term investments 5,397 588,270 (476,368)
Settlement of receivable with shares of common stock from affiliated entity (PLS) 0 (1,713,770) 0
Gain on deconsolidation of Geneos 0 (4,121,075) 0
Loss on disposal of fixed assets 0 26,913 5,889
Loss (gain) on equity investment in affiliated entities 553,570 (36,556,658) 3,090,557
Share of net loss in Geneos 434,387 4,584,610 0
Net unrealized loss (gain) on available-for-sale equity securities 3,222,838 (1,695,497) 0
Tax benefit from other unrealized gains on short-term investments 0 0 (266,215)
Unrealized transaction (gain) loss on foreign-currency denominated debt (176,927) 15,902 471,172
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:      
Accounts receivable 13,093,117 (17,859,894) 2,616,288
Accounts receivable from affiliated entities (2,061,412) 844,423 (593,461)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (6,188,872) (38,849,572) (178,008)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets from affiliated entities (154,760) 374,107 70,665
Other assets 24,531,654 (23,285,424) (2,026)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 26,235,907 3,115,828 (4,337,829)
Accrued clinical trial expenses 375,921 5,962,381 (1,622,037)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses due to affiliated entities (94,937) 135,650 (248,063)
Deferred revenue (39,853) (68,078) (180,450)
Deferred revenue from affiliated entities 0 5,725 (1,800)
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, net (2,329,394) (2,091,855) (1,733,599)
Grant funding liability (2,914,589) 1,409,098 1,899,364
Grant funding liability from affiliated entities (58,500) (784,925) 816,342
Other liabilities (42,837) 20,720 (48,507)
Net cash used in operating activities (215,708,525) (177,979,046) (97,850,136)
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Purchases of investments (348,953,236) (156,216,677) (100,950,301)
Proceeds from sale of or maturity of investments 174,839,758 62,991,023 92,893,232
Purchases of capital assets (1,231,006) (1,520,665) (987,926)
Proceeds from sale of investment of GeneOne 0 40,125,418 0
Decrease in cash resulting from the deconsolidation of Geneos 0 (2,774,851) 0
Investment in Geneos 0 (1,399,999) 0
Net cash used in investing activities (175,344,484) (58,795,751) (9,044,995)
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Proceeds from issuances of convertible senior notes and convertible bonds 0 0 97,443,617
Costs related to issuances of convertible senior notes and convertible bonds 0 0 (3,314,757)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs 209,441,410 454,486,400 9,089,010
Proceeds from stock option exercises, net of tax payments 6,668,741 12,269,801 112,522
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards, net of proceeds from option exercises (4,611,348) (4,028,177) (892,928)
Acquisition of non-controlling interest 0 2,379,969 2,960,131
Proceeds from Geneos issuance of note payable 0 171,620 0
Net cash provided by financing activities 211,498,803 465,279,613 105,397,595
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (30,134) 27,205 0
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (179,584,340) 228,532,021 (1,497,536)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 250,728,118 22,196,097 23,693,633
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period 71,143,778 250,728,118 22,196,097
Supplemental disclosure:      
Amounts accrued for purchases of property and equipment 204,815 136,711 0
Interest paid 1,077,803 4,624,764 2,717,585
Change in prepaid expenses and other current assets included in fixed assets 7,709,337 0 0
Equity component of issuance of convertible notes 0 0 15,752,698
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations 0 0 14,634,769
August 2019 Bonds      
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:      
Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt 0 8,177,043 0
6.50% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2024      
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:      
Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt $ 0 $ (8,762,030) $ 0