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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net loss $ (279,818,065) $ (303,658,710) $ (167,474,914)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:      
Depreciation 3,656,713 3,040,096 3,038,996
Amortization of intangible assets 496,494 520,415 547,081
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets 1,342,819 1,170,270 1,041,713
Change in fair value of derivative liability 0 0 75,670,977
Non-cash stock-based compensation 22,555,419 26,336,764 15,647,523
Non-cash interest expense 186,977 858,644 4,077,686
Amortization of (discounts) premiums on investments (1,320,546) 1,633,286 0
Loss on short-term investments 4,029,961 5,397 588,270
Settlement of receivable with shares of common stock from affiliated entity (PLS) 0 0 (1,713,770)
Gain on deconsolidation of Geneos 0 0 (4,121,075)
Gain on remeasurement of investment in Geneos (165,215) 0 0
Loss on disposal of fixed assets 1,074,830 0 26,913
Loss (gain) on equity investment in affiliated entities 1,899,654 553,570 (36,556,658)
Share of net loss in Geneos 2,165,213 434,387 4,584,610
Net unrealized loss (gain) on available-for-sale equity securities 7,846,172 3,222,838 (1,695,497)
Unrealized transaction (gain) loss on foreign-currency denominated debt 0 (176,927) 15,902
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:      
Accounts receivable, including from affiliated entities (3,706,172) 11,031,705 (17,015,471)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets, including from affiliated entities (5,336,525) (6,343,632) (38,475,465)
Other assets 741,750 24,531,654 (23,285,424)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses, including from affiliated entities 32,606,581 26,140,970 3,251,478
Accrued clinical trial expenses 267,807 375,921 5,962,381
Deferred revenue, including from affiliated entity (85,989) (39,853) (62,353)
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, net (2,603,956) (2,329,394) (2,091,855)
Grant funding liability, including from affiliated entity (2,034,517) (2,973,089) 624,173
Other liabilities (14,826) (42,837) 20,720
Net cash used in operating activities (216,215,421) (215,708,525) (177,979,046)
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Purchases of investments (248,528,843) (348,953,236) (156,216,677)
Proceeds from sale of or maturity of investments 361,083,850 174,839,758 62,991,023
Purchases of capital assets (969,153) (1,231,006) (1,520,665)
Proceeds from sale of investment of GeneOne 0 0 40,125,418
Decrease in cash resulting from the deconsolidation of Geneos 0 0 (2,774,851)
Investment in Geneos (1,999,998) 0 (1,399,999)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 109,585,856 (175,344,484) (58,795,751)
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs 82,955,311 209,441,410 454,486,400
Proceeds from stock option exercises 283,022 6,668,741 12,269,801
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards (1,397,631) (4,611,348) (4,028,177)
Acquisition of non-controlling interest 0 0 2,379,969
Proceeds from Geneos issuance of note payable 0 0 171,620
Net cash provided by financing activities 81,840,702 211,498,803 465,279,613
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (25,556) (30,134) 27,205
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (24,814,419) (179,584,340) 228,532,021
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 71,143,778 250,728,118 22,196,097
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period 46,329,359 71,143,778 250,728,118
Supplemental disclosure:      
Amounts accrued for purchases of property and equipment 108,181 204,815 136,711
Interest paid 1,066,975 1,077,803 4,624,764
Change in prepaid expenses and other current assets related to fixed assets 6,071,000 7,709,337 0
August 2019 Bonds      
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:      
Gain (loss) on extinguishment of convertible bonds and senior notes 0 0 8,177,043
6.50% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2024      
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:      
Gain (loss) on extinguishment of convertible bonds and senior notes $ 0 $ 0 $ (8,762,030)