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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net loss $ (135,117,352) $ (279,818,065) $ (303,658,710)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:      
Depreciation 2,621,649 3,656,713 3,040,096
Amortization of intangible assets 145,417 496,494 520,415
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets 736,472 1,342,819 1,170,270
Impairment of goodwill 10,513,371 0 0
Impairment of intangible assets 1,984,444 0 0
Deferred taxes (32,046) 0 0
Non-cash stock-based compensation 11,072,486 22,555,419 26,336,764
Non-cash interest on senior convertible notes 155,814 186,977 858,644
Amortization of (discounts) premiums on investments (4,686,144) (1,320,546) 1,633,286
Realized loss on sales of short-term investments 4,805,804 4,029,961 5,397
Gain on remeasurement of investment in Geneos 0 (165,215) 0
Net loss on disposal of fixed assets 317,997 1,074,830 0
(Gain) loss on equity investment in affiliated entity (773,145) 1,899,654 553,570
Share of net loss in Geneos 0 2,165,213 434,387
Net unrealized (gain) loss on available-for-sale equity securities (5,850,626) 7,846,172 3,222,838
Unrealized transaction (gain) loss on foreign-currency denominated debt 0 0 (176,927)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:      
Accounts receivable, including from affiliated entities 9,332,988 (3,706,172) 11,031,705
Prepaid expenses and other current assets, including from affiliated entities 39,020,611 (5,336,525) (6,343,632)
Other assets 78,729 741,750 24,531,654
Accounts payable and accrued expenses, including due to affiliated entities (45,989,061) 32,606,581 26,140,970
Accrued clinical trial expenses (8,228,691) 267,807 375,921
Deferred revenue, including from affiliated entity 0 (85,989) (39,853)
Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, net (2,020,971) (2,603,956) (2,329,394)
Grant funding liability, including from affiliated entity (2,453,297) (2,034,517) (2,973,089)
Other liabilities 0 (14,826) (42,837)
Net cash used in operating activities (124,365,551) (216,215,421) (215,708,525)
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Purchases of investments (203,475,052) (248,528,843) (348,953,236)
Proceeds from sale or maturity of investments 284,932,562 361,083,850 174,839,758
Purchases of capital assets (320,898) (969,153) (1,231,006)
Proceeds from sale of capital assets 6,219,263 0 0
Investment in Geneos 0 (1,999,998) 0
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 87,355,875 109,585,856 (175,344,484)
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs 5,461,745 82,955,311 209,441,410
Proceeds from stock option exercises 0 283,022 6,668,741
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards (466,646) (1,397,631) (4,611,348)
Net cash provided by financing activities 4,995,099 81,840,702 211,498,803
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (3,920) (25,556) (30,134)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents (32,018,497) (24,814,419) (179,584,340)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 46,329,359 71,143,778 250,728,118
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period 14,310,862 46,329,359 71,143,778
Supplemental disclosure:      
Amounts accrued for purchases of fixed assets 0 108,181 204,815
Interest paid 1,066,975 1,066,975 1,077,803
Change in prepaid expenses and other current assets related to fixed assets 0 6,071,000 7,709,337
Issuance of common stock as part of litigation settlement $ 14,000,000 $ 0 $ 0