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Segment Information | 9 Months Ended
--- | ---
Sep. 30, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Segment Information | Segment Information The Company operates as one reportable segment in the United States, which includes all activities related to the development and commercialization of its DNA medicines to help treat and protect people from HPV-associated diseases, cancer and infectious diseases. The Company's Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is its Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), responsible for allocating resources and assessing Company performance using aggregated financial information. Utilizing aggregated financial information enables the CODM to determine the most appropriate resource allocation across the organization, research and development projects or other initiatives consistent with the Company's corporate objectives. The CODM primarily uses total net loss as reported on the statements of operations and comprehensive loss to measure segment loss, supplemented by certain additional significant expense details reflected in the table below. The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheet as total assets. Detailed information regarding the Company's single operating segment's revenues, expenses and operating loss are as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
Revenue from collaborative arrangement | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Less: |  |  |  |  |
Research and development: |  |  |  |  |
INO-3107 | 3,352,458 |  |  | 7,009,169 |  |  |
INO-3112 and other Immuno-oncology | 1,574,238 |  |  | 1,726,382 |  |  |
Other programs (a) | 96,971 |  |  | (1,119,600) |  |  |
Engineering and device-related | 4,323,775 |  |  | 5,602,688 |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | 302,249 |  |  | 590,211 |  |  |
Other unallocated expenses | 3,683,638 |  |  | 4,924,734 |  |  |
General and administrative | 7,877,126 |  |  | 8,613,895 |  |  |
Total operating expenses | 21,210,455 |  |  | 27,347,479 |  |  |
Interest income | 552,108 |  |  | 1,106,758 |  |  |
Change in fair value of common stock warrant liabilities | (22,515,730) |  |  | — |  |  |
(Loss) gain on investment in affiliated entity | (589,618) |  |  | 324,251 |  |  |
Net unrealized gain on available-for-sale equity securities | 205,259 |  |  | 1,330,811 |  |  |
Other expense, net | (1,938,236) |  |  | (579,819) |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (45,496,672) |  |  | $ | (25,165,478) |  |  |
| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
Revenue from collaborative arrangement | $ | 65,343 |  |  | $ | 100,762 |  |  |
Less: |  |  |  |  |
Research and development: |  |  |  |  |
INO-3107 | 10,790,120 |  |  | 25,697,828 |  |  |
INO-3112 and other Immuno-oncology | 4,327,081 |  |  | 5,309,964 |  |  |
Other programs (a) | 357,884 |  |  | (292,372) |  |  |
Engineering and device-related | 14,470,247 |  |  | 14,192,615 |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | 1,177,331 |  |  | 2,240,800 |  |  |
Other unallocated expenses | 12,822,975 |  |  | 15,586,056 |  |  |
General and administrative | 25,465,208 |  |  | 29,395,232 |  |  |
Total operating expenses | 69,410,846 |  |  | 92,130,123 |  |  |
Interest income | 1,970,823 |  |  | 3,914,406 |  |  |
Interest expense | — |  |  | (177,833) |  |  |
Change in fair value of common stock warrant liabilities | (20,680,868) |  |  | — |  |  |
Gain (loss) on investment in affiliated entity | 881,886 |  |  | (136,061) |  |  |
Net unrealized gain on available-for-sale equity securities | 1,104,782 |  |  | 1,810,868 |  |  |
Other expense, net | (2,641,901) |  |  | (1,254,466) |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (88,710,781) |  |  | $ | (87,872,447) |  |  |
(a) Net of contributions received from grant agreements and recorded as contra-research and development expense.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. 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