10-Q 1 novalifestyle10q033116.htm 10-Q

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016
OR |
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 011-36259
NOVA LIFESTYLE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada | 90-0746568
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (IRS Employer Identification No.)

6565 E. Washington Blvd. Commerce, CA | 90040
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

(323) 888-9999
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the last 90 days.
YES ☒ NO ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
YES ☒ NO ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” “non-accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ | Smaller reporting company ☒
(do not check if a smaller reporting company) |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
YES ☐ NO ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 24,290,043 shares of common stock outstanding as of May 9, 2016.

Nova Lifestyle, Inc.
Table of Contents

|  | Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2016 (unaudited) and December 31, 2015 | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 (unaudited) | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 (unaudited) | 4
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 (unaudited) | 6
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 28
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 39
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 39
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 41
Item 1A. | Risk Factors |
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |
Item 4. | (Removed and Reserved) |
Item 5. | Other Information |
Item 6. | Exhibits | 41
| Signatures | 42
| Exhibit Index | 43

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
NOVA LIFESTYLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
MARCH 31, 2016 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2015

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 1,060,186 |  |  | $ | 988,029 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 48,657,112 |  |  |  | 50,451,665 |
Advance to suppliers |  |  | 14,700,840 |  |  |  | 7,958,870 |
Inventories |  |  | 4,572,899 |  |  |  | 5,254,029 |
Prepaid expenses and other receivables |  |  | 1,006,427 |  |  |  | 1,180,452 |
Total Current Assets |  |  | 69,997,464 |  |  |  | 65,833,045 |
Noncurrent Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Heritage and cultural assets |  |  | 125,494 |  |  |  | 124,868 |
Plant, property and equipment, net |  |  | 14,995,614 |  |  |  | 15,201,395 |
Lease deposit |  |  | 94,491 |  |  |  | 94,235 |
Deposits for equipment and factory construction |  |  | 114,486 |  |  |  | 143,758 |
Goodwill |  |  | 218,606 |  |  |  | 218,606 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 7,917,917 |  |  |  | 8,062,649 |
Deferred tax asset |  |  | 69,493 |  |  |  | 69,451 |
Total Noncurrent Assets |  |  | 23,536,101 |  |  |  | 23,914,962 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 93,533,565 |  |  | $ | 89,748,007 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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NOVA LIFESTYLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
MARCH 31, 2016 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2015

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |  |  |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 12,212,948 |  |  | $ | 9,822,857 |
Line of credit |  |  | 4,943,400 |  |  |  | 4,604,560 |
Advance from customers |  |  | 860,030 |  |  |  | 187,359 |
Accrued liabilities and other payables |  |  | 1,893,561 |  |  |  | 2,584,622 |
Taxes payable |  |  | 8,920 |  |  |  | 5,773 |
Total Current Liabilities |  |  | 19,918,859 |  |  |  | 17,205,171 |
Noncurrent Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Line of credit |  |  | 5,974,936 |  |  |  | 5,659,357 |
Deferred rent payable |  |  | 95,048 |  |  |  | 89,904 |
Income tax payable |  |  | 6,943,255 |  |  |  | 6,801,893 |
Total Noncurrent Liabilities |  |  | 13,013,239 |  |  |  | 12,551,154 |
Total Liabilities |  |  | 32,932,098 |  |  |  | 29,756,325 |
Contingencies and Commitments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 75,000,000 shares authorized, 24,511,952 and 24,254,160 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively |  |  | 24,512 |  |  |  | 24,254 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 32,198,753 |  |  |  | 31,761,983 |
Statutory reserves |  |  | 6,241 |  |  |  | 6,241 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  |  | 1,646,162 |  |  |  | 1,570,534 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 26,725,799 |  |  |  | 26,628,670 |
Total Stockholders' Equity |  |  | 60,601,467 |  |  |  | 59,991,682 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  | $ | 93,533,565 |  |  | $ | 89,748,007 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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NOVA LIFESTYLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2016 AND 2015 (UNAUDITED)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
|  | (Unaudited) |
Net Sales |  | $ | 27,084,087 |  |  | $ | 22,032,478 |
Cost of Sales |  |  | 22,941,273 |  |  |  | 17,960,447 |
Gross Profit |  |  | 4,142,814 |  |  |  | 4,072,031 |
Operating Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling expenses |  |  | 1,879,508 |  |  |  | 1,265,856 |
General and administrative expenses |  |  | 1,876,790 |  |  |  | 1,910,888 |
Total Operating Expenses |  |  | 3,756,298 |  |  |  | 3,176,744 |
Income From Operations |  |  | 386,516 |  |  |  | 895,287 |
Other Income (Expenses) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-operating (expense) income, net |  |  | (19,782 | ) |  |  | 29,576 |
Foreign exchange transaction gain |  |  | 2,310 |  |  |  | 29,682 |
Change in fair value of warrant liability |  |  | -- |  |  |  | 972,645 |
Interest expense |  |  | (115,103 | ) |  |  | (90,910 | )
Financial expense |  |  | (29,579 | ) |  |  | (15,208 | )
Total Other (Expenses) Income, Net |  |  | (162,154 | ) |  |  | 925,785 |
Income Before Income Tax |  |  | 224,362 |  |  |  | 1,821,072 |
Income Tax Expense |  |  | 127,233 |  |  |  | 196,209 |
Net Income |  |  | 97,129 |  |  |  | 1,624,863 |
Other Comprehensive Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation |  |  | 75,628 |  |  |  | (68,658 | )
Comprehensive Income |  | $ | 172,757 |  |  | $ | 1,556,205 |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding |  |  | 24,333,971 |  |  |  | 20,912,968 |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding |  |  | 24,333,971 |  |  |  | 20,912,968 |
Basic net earnings per share |  | $ | 0.00 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |
Diluted net earnings per share |  | $ | 0.00 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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NOVA LIFESTYLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2016 AND 2015 (UNAUDITED)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
|  | (Unaudited) |
Cash Flows From Operating Activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income |  | $ | 97,129 |  |  | $ | 1,624,863 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 506,378 |  |  |  | 466,690 |
Stock compensation expense |  |  | 295,596 |  |  |  | 354,571 |
Change in fair value of warrant liability |  |  | -- |  |  |  | (972,645 | )
Changes in bad debt allowance |  |  | (26,326 | ) |  |  | (5,755 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 1,865,155 |  |  |  | 402,071 |
Advance to suppliers |  |  | (6,741,014 | ) |  |  | 2,234,498 |
Inventories |  |  | 688,401 |  |  |  | (2,266,091 | )
Other current assets |  |  | 317,955 |  |  |  | 151,309 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 2,369,232 |  |  |  | (1,668,686 | )
Advance from customers |  |  | 671,656 |  |  |  | 11,961 |
Accrued expenses and other payables |  |  | (691,802 | ) |  |  | (585,870 | )
Deferred rent payable |  |  | 4,644 |  |  |  | 4,940 |
Taxes payable |  |  | 120,032 |  |  |  | 161,261 |
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities |  |  | (522,964 | ) |  |  | (86,883 | )
Cash Flows From Investing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment for land compensation fee and occupancy tax |  |  | -- |  |  |  | (193,211 | )
Purchase of property and equipment |  |  | (44,777 | ) |  |  | (321,587 | )
Construction in progress |  |  | -- |  |  |  | (112,750 | )
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities |  |  | (44,777 | ) |  |  | (627,548 | )
Cash Flows From Financing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from line of credit and bank loan |  |  | 10,884,726 |  |  |  | 9,309,218 |
Repayment to line of credit and bank loan |  |  | (10,247,496 | ) |  |  | (8,522,787 | )
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities |  | $ | 637,230 |  |  | $ | 786,431 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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NOVA LIFESTYLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2016 AND 2015 (UNAUDITED)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
|  | (Unaudited) |
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents |  | $ | 2,668 |  |  | $ | 2,090 |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 72,157 |  |  |  | 74,090 |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |  |  | 988,029 |  |  |  | 1,244,308 |
Cash and cash equivalents, ending of period |  | $ | 1,060,186 |  |  | $ | 1,318,398 |
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax payments |  | $ | 7,200 |  |  | $ | 35,000 |
Interest expense |  | $ | 114,645 |  |  | $ | 94,240 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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NOVA LIFESTYLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2016 AND 2015 (UNAUDITED)
Note 1 - Organization and Description of Business
Nova LifeStyle, Inc. (“Nova LifeStyle” or the “Company”), formerly known as Stevens Resources, Inc., was incorporated in the State of Nevada on September 9, 2009.
The Company is a U.S. holding company with no material assets other than the ownership interests of our subsidiaries through which we market, design, manufacture and sell furniture worldwide: Nova Furniture Limited (“Nova Furniture”), Bright Swallow International Group Limited (“Bright Swallow” or “BSI”), Nova Furniture (Dongguan) Co., Ltd. (“Nova Dongguan”), Nova Furniture Macao Commercial Offshore Limited (“Nova Macao”), Nova Dongguan Chinese Style Furniture Museum (“Nova Museum”), Diamond Bar Outdoors, Inc. (“Diamond Bar”), and Dongguan Ding Nuo Household Products Co., Ltd. (“Ding Nuo”).
Nova Dongguan is a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, or WFOE, and was incorporated under the laws of the PRC on June 6, 2003. Nova Macao was organized under the laws of Macao on May 20, 2006. Nova Dongguan and Nova Macao are wholly owned subsidiaries of Nova Furniture, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, or the BVI. Nova Dongguan organized Nova Museum on March 17, 2011 as a non-profit organization under the laws of the PRC engaged in the promotion of the culture and history of furniture in China. Diamond Bar, doing business as Diamond Sofa, was incorporated in California on June 15, 2000. Nova Dongguan markets and sells our products in China to stores in our franchise network and to wholesalers and agents for domestic retailers and exporters. Nova Dongguan also provides the design expertise and facilities to manufacture our branded products and products for international markets under original design manufacturer and original equipment manufacturer agreements, or ODM and OEM agreements. Nova Macao is a trading company, importing, marketing and selling products designed and manufactured by Nova Dongguan and third party manufacturers for the U.S. and international markets. Diamond Bar markets and sells products manufactured by us and third party manufacturers under the Diamond Sofa brand to distributors and retailers principally in the U.S. market.
On April 24, 2013, the Company completed the acquisition of Bright Swallow, an established furniture company with a global client base. On October 24, 2013, Nova Dongguan incorporated Dongguan Ding Nuo Household Products Co., Ltd. (“Ding Nuo”) under the laws of the PRC and contributed capital of RMB 1 million ($162,994). Nova Dongguan made an additional capital contribution of RMB 0.1 million ($16,305) on November 27, 2013 through one of Nova Dongguan’s officers who acts as the nominee shareholder of Ding Nuo. All of the nominee shareholder’s shares were put in escrow and trust with Nova Dongguan and all profits and loss of Ding Nuo will be distributed to Nova Dongguan; accordingly, Nova Dongguan effectively controls 100% of Ding Nuo. Ding Nuo was established mainly for engaging in business with IKEA.
The “Company” and “Nova” collectively refer to Nova LifeStyle, the U.S. parent, and its subsidiaries, Nova Furniture, Nova Dongguan, Nova Macao, Nova Museum, Diamond Bar, BSI and Ding Nuo.
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
The interim condensed consolidated financial information as of March 31, 2016 and for the three month periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 have been prepared without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures, which are normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have not been included. The interim condensed consolidated financial information should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, previously filed with the SEC on March 28, 2016.
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In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include all significant normal and recurring adjustments) necessary to present a fair statement of the Company’s interim condensed consolidated financial position as of March 31, 2016, its interim condensed consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the three month periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, as applicable, have been made. The interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future periods.
Use of Estimates
In preparing consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include, but are not limited to, the allowance for bad debt, valuation of inventories, unrecognized tax benefits, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, assumptions used in assessing impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill and fair value of warrant derivative liability. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Business Combination
For a business combination, the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree are recognized at the acquisition date, measured at their fair values as of that date. In a business combination achieved in stages, the identifiable assets and liabilities, as well as the noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, are recognized at the full amounts of their fair values. In a bargain purchase in which the total acquisition-date fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired exceeds the fair value of the consideration transferred plus any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree that excess in earnings is recognized as a gain attributable to the acquirer.
Deferred tax liability and asset are recognized for the deferred tax consequences of differences between the tax bases and the recognized values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740-10.
Goodwill
Goodwill is the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of businesses acquired. In accordance with ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other,” goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment, annually or more frequently when circumstances indicate a possible impairment may exist. Impairment testing is performed at a reporting unit level. An impairment loss generally would be recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, with the fair value of the reporting unit determined using discounted cash flow (“DCF”) analysis. A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the DCF analysis to forecast operating cash flows, including the discount rate, the internal rate of return and projections of realizations and costs to produce. Management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the fair values of its reporting units are estimated.
ASC Topic 350 also permits an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the two-step goodwill impairment test is required to be performed. Otherwise, no further testing is required. Performing the qualitative assessment involved identifying the relevant drivers of fair value, evaluating the significance of all identified relevant events and circumstances, and weighing the factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. After evaluating and weighing all these relevant events and circumstances, it was concluded that a positive assertion can be made from the qualitative assessment that it is more likely than not that the fair value of Diamond Bar is greater than its carrying amount. As such, it is not necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test for Diamond Bar reporting unit. Accordingly, as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company concluded there was no impairment of goodwill of Diamond Bar.
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On April 24, 2013, Nova LifeStyle completed the acquisition of Bright Swallow. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase is allocated to tangible assets and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values with the excess charged to goodwill. Nova LifeStyle recognized $808,518 of goodwill from the acquisition. In June 2014, the Company performed an interim goodwill impairment assessment for Bright Swallow using a two-step impairment test based on Bright Swallow’s actual performance for the first six-months of 2014 and updated revenue and expense projections. Based on this analysis, the Company concluded that all of the goodwill pertaining to Bright Swallow was impaired in June 2014. The goodwill impairment charge was non-cash. The goodwill impairment charge was not deductible for income tax purposes and, therefore, the Company did not record a corresponding tax benefit in 2014.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Accounts Receivable
The Company’s policy is to maintain an allowance for potential credit losses on accounts receivable. Management reviews the composition of accounts receivable and analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves. Based on historical collection activity, the Company recorded $458,959 and $484,936 as allowance for bad debt as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value with cost determined on a weighted-average basis. Management compares the cost of inventories with the net realizable value and an allowance is made for writing down their inventories to market value, if lower. The Company did not record any write-downs of inventory at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
Plant, Property and Equipment and Construction in Progress
Plant, property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred; while additions, renewals and improvements are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included in operations. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method for substantially all assets with 10% salvage value and estimated lives as follows:

Building and workshops | 20 years
Computer and office equipment | 5 years
Decoration and renovation | 10 years
Machinery | 10 years
Autos | 5 years

Depreciation of plant, property and equipment attributable to manufacturing activities is capitalized as part of inventories, and expensed to cost of goods sold when inventories are sold.
Construction in progress represents capital expenditure in respect of direct costs of construction or acquisition and design fees incurred. Capitalization of these costs ceases and the construction in progress is transferred to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the assets for their intended use are completed. Construction in progress is not depreciated until such time as the asset is completed and is ready for its intended use.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, which include property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
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Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined using the asset’s expected future discounted cash flows or market value, if readily determinable.
Based on its review, the Company believes that, as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there was no significant impairment of its long-lived assets.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are related primarily to the Company designing and testing its new products during the development stage. Research and development costs are recognized in general and administrative expenses and expensed as incurred. Research and development expense was $208,324 and $172,859 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Income Taxes
In its interim financial statements, the Company follows the guidance in ASC 270 “Interim Reporting” and ASC 740 “Income Taxes” whereby the Company utilizes the expected annual effective rate in determining its income tax provision. The actual effective tax rate of 56.71% for the period ended March 31, 2016 differs from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate, primarily as a result of tax liability reserves from uncertain tax positions offset by a tax benefit from the tax-exemption status of Nova Macau.
Nova Lifestyle and Diamond Bar are subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes. Nova Furniture and Bright Swallow were incorporated in the BVI. There is no income tax for a company domiciled in the BVI. Accordingly, the Company’s consolidated financial statements do not present any income tax provision related to the BVI tax jurisdiction where Nova Furniture BVI and BSI are domiciled.
Nova Dongguan, Nova Museum, and Ding Nuo are governed by the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) which is subject to a 25% corporate income tax. Nova Museum is subject to a 25% corporate income tax in the first year and allowed to apply for tax-exempt status in the second year following its incorporation. Nova Macao is an income tax-exempt entity incorporated and domiciled in Macao.
During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded income tax expense of approximately $127,000 and $196,000, respectively.
As of March 31, 2016, unrecognized tax benefits were approximately $4.9 million. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective tax rate was $4.9 million as of March 31, 2016. As of March 31, 2015, unrecognized tax benefits were approximately $5.1 million. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective tax rate was $5.1 million as of March 31, 2015.
A reconciliation of the January 1, 2016, through March 31, 2016, amount of unrecognized tax benefits excluding interest and penalties ("Gross UTB") is as follows:

|  | Gross UTB |
Beginning Balance – January 1, 2016 |  | $ | 4,889,561 |
Increase in unrecorded tax benefits taken in the three months ended March 31, 2016 |  |  | 2,603 |
Exchange rate adjustment - 2016 |  |  | 24,317 |
Ending Balance – March 31, 2016 |  | $ | 4,916,481 |

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At March 31, 2016, the Company had cumulatively accrued approximately $2,028,000 for estimated interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits. At December 31, 2015, the Company had cumulatively accrued approximately $1,913,000 for estimated interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits. The Company recorded interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense, which totaled approximately $115,000 and $112,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company does not anticipate any significant changes to its unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.
For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not record unrecognized tax benefits related to transfer pricing adjustments between Dongguan and Macau since the intercompany sales between the two entities appears to comply with reasonable arm’s length principles.
Nova Dongguan and Ding Nuo are subject to taxation in the PRC. Nova Dongguan’s PRC income tax returns are generally not subject to examination by the tax authorities for tax years before 2010. With a few exceptions, the tax years 2010-2015 remain open to examination by tax authorities in the PRC. Unrecognized tax benefit related to transfer pricing adjustment between Dongguan and Macau is generally not subject to examination by the PRC tax authorities for tax years before 2005. The tax years 2012-2015 for US entities remain open to examination by tax authorities in the US.
Revenue Recognition
The Company’s revenue recognition policies are in compliance with ASC Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition.” Sales revenue is recognized when a formal arrangement exists, the price is fixed or determinable, the delivery is completed and no other significant obligations of the Company exist and collectability is reasonably assured. No revenue is recognized if there are significant uncertainties regarding the recovery of the consideration due, or the possible return of the goods. Payments received before all of the relevant criteria for revenue recognition are recorded as unearned revenue.
Sales revenue represents the invoiced value of goods, net of value-added taxes (“VAT”). All of the Company’s products sold in China are subject to the PRC VAT of 17% of the gross sales price. This VAT may be offset by VAT paid by the Company on raw materials and other materials purchased in China and included in the cost of producing the finished product. The Company records VAT payable and VAT receivable net of payments in the consolidated financial statements. The VAT tax return is filed offsetting the payables against the receivables. Sales and purchases are recorded net of VAT collected and paid as the Company acts as an agent for the government.
The Company’s sales policy allows for the return of product within the warranty period if the product is defective and the defects are the Company’s fault. As alternatives for the product return option, the customers have options of asking a discount from the Company for the products with quality issues or receiving replacement parts from the Company at no cost. The amount for return of products, the discount provided to the Company’s customers and the cost for replacement parts were immaterial for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
Franchise Arrangements
In 2010, the Company began entering into area product franchise agreements with franchisees who operate specialty furniture stores carrying only Nova-branded products. The product franchise agreement provides for the franchisee to retail Nova-brand furniture products for a period of one year from the date of the agreement. The franchisee is required to pay a deposit of RMB 30,000 at the signing of the agreement, which is used as payment for future purchases and is deferred on the Company’s balance sheet as a customer deposit. The franchisee is required to guarantee a minimum purchase amount from the Company during the contract period. The Company has the right to terminate the agreement should the franchisee fail to meet the minimum purchase amount. The Company provides the franchisee with store images and designs, signage, floor plan product information and training. In addition, the Company will rebate a per square meter subsidy to the franchisee for the store build-out within 12 months from the agreement date. Under the program, the Company has established standard renovation amounts (the “Renovation Subsidy”) for various cities in China. The franchisee is able to obtain, in the form of credits against purchase orders, percentages of the Renovation Subsidy applicable in the city in which the franchisee is located, as follows: 30% of the Renovation Subsidy applied to the first purchase order and 5% of each purchase order thereafter until the aggregate of all credits equals 100% of the Renovation Subsidy, or 12 months from the date of the franchise agreement, whichever occurs first. In accordance with ASC 605-50, as the Company does not receive an identifiable benefit from these rebates, the rebates are recorded as a reduction of revenue on sales to the franchisees.
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Cost of Sales
Cost of sales consists primarily of finished goods purchased from other manufacturers, material costs, labor costs and related overhead that are directly attributable to the production of the products. Write-down of inventory to the lower of cost or market value is also recorded in the cost of sales.
Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and handling costs related to delivery of finished goods are included in selling expenses. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, shipping and handling costs were $117,170 and $127,181, respectively.
Advertising
Advertising expenses consist primarily of costs of promotion and marketing for the Company’s image and products, and costs of direct advertising. The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense was $1,136,317 and $532,305 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and is included in the selling expense in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income.
Share-based compensation
The Company accounts for share-based compensation awards to employees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”, which requires that share-based payment transactions with employees be measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity instrument issued and recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period.
The Company accounts for share-based compensation awards to non-employees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 and FASB ASC Subtopic 505-50, “Equity-Based Payments to Non-employees”. Share-based compensation associated with the issuance of equity instruments to non-employees is measured at the fair value of the equity instrument issued or committed to be issued, as this is more reliable than the fair value of the services received. The fair value is measured at the date that the commitment for performance by the counterparty has been reached or the counterparty's performance is complete.
Earnings per Share (EPS)
Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed similar to basic net income per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all the potential common shares pertaining to warrants, stock options, and similar instruments had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted earnings per share are based on the assumption that all dilutive convertible shares and stock options and warrants were converted or exercised. Dilution is computed by applying the treasury stock method for the outstanding options and warrants, and the if-converted method for the outstanding convertible instruments. Under the treasury stock method, options and warrants are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later) and as if funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. Under the if-converted method, outstanding convertible instruments are assumed to be converted into common stock at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later).
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The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Net income |  | $ | 97,129 |  |  | $ | 1,624,863 |
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic |  |  | 24,333,971 |  |  |  | 20,912,968 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unexercised warrants |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted |  |  | 24,333,971 |  |  |  | 20,912,968 |
Earnings per share – basic |  | $ | 0.00 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |
Earnings per share – diluted |  | $ | 0.00 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |

At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, warrants to purchase 2,050,001 shares of common stock were outstanding and exercisable. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, 2,050,001 and 1,112,912 shares purchasable under warrants were excluded from EPS, respectively, as their effects were anti-dilutive.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of accounts and other receivables. The Company does not require collateral or other security to support these receivables. The Company conducts periodic reviews of the financial condition and payment practices of its customers to minimize collection risk on accounts receivable.
A customer accounted for 11% of the Company’s sales for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and no customer accounted for over 10% of the Company’s sales for the three months ended March 31, 2015. Accounts receivable from the customer were $4,828,066 and $2,840,152 as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
The Company purchased its products from four major vendors during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, accounting for a total of 67% (22%, 18%, 16% and 11% for each) and 59% (20%, 17%, 12% and 10% for each) of the Company’s purchases, respectively. Accounts payable to these vendors were $7,712,722 and $4,294,228 as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
The operations of the Company are located principally in China and the US. Accordingly, the Company’s Chinese subsidiaries' business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in China, as well as by the general state of the PRC economy.
The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to specific considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environments in China and foreign currency exchange. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in PRC government policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.
The Company’s sales, purchase and expense transactions in China are denominated in Chinese Yuan Renminbi (“RMB”), and all of the assets and liabilities of the Company’s subsidiaries in China are also denominated in RMB. The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies under the current law. In China, foreign exchange transactions are required by law to be transacted only by authorized financial institutions. Remittances in currencies other than RMB may require certain supporting documentation in order to affect the remittance.
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Statement of Cash Flows
In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 230, “Statement of Cash Flows,” cash flows from the Company’s operations is calculated based upon local currencies. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the statement of cash flows may not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheet.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Some of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and short-term debt, have carrying amounts that approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” defines fair value and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for receivables and current liabilities each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

· | Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

· | Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

· | Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company analyzes all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under ASC Topic 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,” and ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.”
The carrying value of cash, accounts receivable, advance to suppliers, other receivables, accounts payable, line of credit, advance from customers, other payables and accrued liabilities approximate estimated fair values because of their short maturities. The estimated fair value of the long-term lines of credit approximated the carrying amount as of March 31, 2016, as the interest rates are considered as approximate to the current rate for comparable loans at the respective balance sheet dates.
The carrying value of the warrant liability is determined using the Binomial Lattice option pricing model as described in Note 14. Certain assumptions used in the calculation of the warrant liability represent Level-3 unobservable inputs. The Company did not have any assets or liabilities categorized as Level 1 or 2 as of March 31, 2016.
The following table summarizes the activity of Level 3 inputs measured on a recurring basis:
Fair Value Measurements of Common Stock Warrants Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Balance at January 1 |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,465,019 |
Adjustment resulting from change in value recognized in earnings (a) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (972,645 | )
Balance at March 31 |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 492,374 |

(a) Adjustment resulting from change in fair value is the amount of total gains or losses for the period attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to liabilities held at the reporting date. The unrealized gain or loss is recorded in change in fair value of warrant liability in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
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Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
The consolidated financial statements are presented in USD. The functional currency of Nova LifeStyle, Nova Furniture, Nova Macao, Bright Swallow and Diamond Bar is the United States Dollar (“$” or “USD”). The functional currency of Nova Dongguan, Nova Museum and Ding Nuo is RMB. The functional currencies of the Company’s foreign operations are translated into USD for balance sheet accounts using the current exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date, except for the equity account using the historical exchange rate, and for revenue and expense accounts using the weighted-average exchange rate during the fiscal year. The translation adjustments are recorded in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, captioned “Accumulated other comprehensive income.” Gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in foreign currencies are included in “Other income (expenses)” in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. There have been no significant fluctuations in the exchange rate for the conversion of RMB to USD after the balance sheet date.
The RMB to USD exchange rates in effect as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, were RMB6.4612 = USD$1.00 and RMB6.4936 = USD$1.00, respectively. The weighted-average RMB to USD exchange rates in effect for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, were RMB6.5288= USD$1.00 and RMB6.1380= USD$1.00, respectively. The exchange rates used in translation from RMB to USD were published by the People’s Bank of the People’s Republic of China.
Comprehensive Income
The Company follows FASB ASC 220 “Reporting Comprehensive Income.” Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and all changes to the consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders. Comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 included net income and foreign currency translation adjustments.
Segment Reporting
ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company’s management organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company.
Management determined that the Company’s operations constitute a single reportable segment in accordance with ASC 280. The Company operates exclusively in one business and industry segment: the design, manufacture and sale of furniture. All of the Company’s long-lived assets for production are located at its facilities in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China, and operate within the same environmental, safety and quality regulations governing furniture manufacturers. The Company established Nova Macao and Ding Nuo, and acquired Diamond Bar and Bright Swallow for the purpose of marketing and selling the Company’s products. As a result, management views the business and operations of Nova Dongguan, Nova Macao, Diamond Bar, Bright Swallow and Ding Nuo as a blended gross margin when determining future growth, return on investment and cash flows. Nova Museum, a non-profit organization engaged principally in the promotion and dissemination of the culture and history of furniture in China, has no operations or substantial assets other than its decorations and renovation, and its heritage and cultural assets are for the purpose of exhibition only.
Accordingly, management concluded that the Company had one reportable segment under ASC 280 because: (i) the Company’s products sold through Nova Dongguan, Nova Macao, and Ding Nuo are created with similar production processes, in the same facilities, under the same regulatory environment and sold to customers using similar distribution systems; (ii) Diamond Bar is a furniture distributor based in California focusing on customers in the US, and Bright Swallow is a furniture distributor based in Hong Kong focusing on customers in Canada, they both are operated under the same senior management of Nova Dongguan and Nova Macao, and management views the operations of Nova Dongguan, Nova Macao, Diamond Bar, Bright Swallow and Ding Nuo as a whole for making business decisions; and (iii) although Nova Museum is principally engaged in the dissemination of the culture and history of furniture in China, it also serves a function of promoting and marketing the Company’s image and products by providing a platform and channel for consumers to be exposed to the Company and its products, it is operated under the same management with the same resources and in the same location as Nova Dongguan, and it is an additive and supplemental unit to the Company’s main operations, the manufacture and sale of furniture.
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New Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Presentation of Financial Statements — Going Concern. This standard requires management to evaluate for each annual and interim reporting period whether it is probable that the reporting entity will not be able to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. If the entity is in such a position, the standard provides for certain disclosures depending on whether or not the entity will be able to successfully mitigate its going concern status. This guidance is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early application is permitted. The Company does not anticipate that this adoption will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
The FASB has issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This ASU supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification 605 - Revenue Recognition and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Codification. The standard requires that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This ASU is effective on January 1, 2017 and should be applied retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the ASU recognized at the date of initial application. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date. The amendment in this ASU defers the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 for all entities for one year. Public business entities, certain not-for-profit entities, and certain employee benefit plans should apply the guidance in ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of this guidance on the consolidated financial statements.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory, which requires an entity to measure inventory within the scope at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The effective date for the standard is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not anticipate that this adoption will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments. To simplify the accounting for adjustments made to provisional amounts recognized in a business combination, the amendments eliminate the requirement to retrospectively account for those adjustments. For public business entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The amendments should be applied prospectively to adjustments to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date with earlier application permitted for financial statements that have not been issued. The Company does not anticipate that this adoption will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of this ASU on the consolidated financial statements.
On March 17, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which provides guidance on assessing whether an entity is a principal or an agent in a revenue transaction and whether an entity reports revenue on a gross or net basis. On April 14, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which provides guidance on identifying performance obligations and accounting for licenses of intellectual property. The effective date and transition requirements for ASU No. 2016-08 and ASU No. 2016-10 are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU No. 2014-09. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU No. 2016-08 and ASU No. 2016-10 will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
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On March 30, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which includes amendments to accounting for income taxes at settlement, forfeitures, and net settlements to cover withholding taxes. The amendments in ASU 2016-09 are effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted but requires all elements of the amendments to be adopted at once rather than individually. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU No. 2016-09 will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Note 3 - Inventories
As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, inventories consisted of the following:

|  | March 31, 2016 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 325,530 |  |  | $ | 311,751 |
Work in progress |  |  | 1,084,981 |  |  |  | 1,753,090 |
Finished goods |  |  | 3,162,388 |  |  |  | 3,189,188 |
|  | $ | 4,572,899 |  |  | $ | 5,254,029 |

Note 4 - Advance to Suppliers
As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had an advance to suppliers of $14,700,840 and $7,958,870, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company made certain advance payments to one of its suppliers totaling $5,000,000 to secure a favorable pricing structure on purchase orders submitted. As a result of production delays, on July 1, 2014, the Company entered into an agreement with this supplier to charge interest on these advances at an annual rate of 4.75% with maturity on March 31, 2015, interest to be paid monthly. Shipments received from the supplier were to be credited against the advance payments. The supplier had the option to repay the short-term advances for any product that it would not be able to deliver at any time. Initial shipments against these purchase orders were received by the Company in July 2014. The advance was paid in full on January 21, 2015. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 (prior to the date of payment in full), the supplier paid interest of $0 and $3,870 to the Company, respectively.
Note 5 - Heritage and Cultural Assets
As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Nova Museum had heritage and cultural assets of $125,494 and $124,868, respectively, consisting principally of collectibles and antiques for exhibition. Depreciation is not required to be provided on heritage assets that have indefinite lives and no reduction in their value with the passage of time; however, the carrying amount of the heritage and cultural assets will be reviewed when there is evidence of impairment in accordance with ASC 360-10.
Note 6 - Plant, Property and Equipment, Net
As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, plant, property and equipment consisted of the following:

|  | March 31, 2016 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |
Building and workshops |  | $ | 12,747,194 |  |  | $ | 12,683,592 |
Computer and office equipment |  |  | 684,506 |  |  |  | 678,868 |
Autos |  |  | 1,004,116 |  |  |  | 999,106 |
Machinery |  |  | 6,414,063 |  |  |  | 6,310,759 |
Decoration and renovation |  |  | 1,092,614 |  |  |  | 1,087,711 |
Less: accumulated depreciation |  |  | (6,946,879 | ) |  |  | (6,558,641 | )
|  | $ | 14,995,614 |  |  | $ | 15,201,395 |

Depreciation expense was $352,642 and $345,841 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
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Note 7 - Deposits for Equipment and Factory Construction
At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, deposits mainly consist of $114,486 and $143,758 for the deposit payment for the purchase of equipment and additional construction work on an existing plant at Nova Dongguan.
Note 8 - Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist of land use rights, trademarks, customer relationship and eCommerce Platform. All land in the PRC is government-owned and the ownership cannot be sold to any individual or company. However, the government grants the user a right to use the land (“land use right”). The Company acquired the right to use land in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China, in 2004 for $558,006 (RMB 3.6 million) for 50 years and is amortizing such rights on a straight-line basis for 50 years.
At February 28, 2012, the Company acquired another land use right for $526,218 (RMB 3.4 million) with useful life of 50 years and is amortizing such right on a straight-line basis for 50 years.
In 2015, the Company paid $916,739 (RMB 5.92 million) in levies to the Chinese government in relation to the land use right which was acquired on February 28, 2012.
The Company acquired a customer relationship with a fair value of $50,000 on August 31, 2011, as part of its acquisition of Diamond Bar. Concurrently with its acquisition of Diamond Bar, the Company entered into a trademark purchase and assignment agreement for all rights, title and interest in two trademarks (Diamond Sofa and Diamond Furniture) for $200,000 paid in full at the closing. Amortization of said customer relationship and the trademarks is provided using the straight-line method and estimated lives were 5 years for each.
The Company acquired a customer relationship with a fair value of $6,100,559 on April 24, 2013, as part of its acquisition of Bright Swallow. Amortization of said customer relationship is provided using the straight-line method and estimated life was 15 years.
The Company’s eCommerce platform is a website through which customers are able to browse and place orders online for the Company’s products. For the downloadable mobile application, customers are able to download onto their own mobile devices to browse the Company’s product offerings. The Nova sales kit application is used internally on mobile devices at the Company’s franchise stores to enable the Company’s sales representatives to display the Company’s products and inventory to customers visiting the stores. The total cost associated with the development, programming, design and roll-out of the Company’s eCommerce platform, downloadable mobile application, and Nova sales kit application is approximately $1.20 million. The Company’s eCommerce platform, downloadable mobile application, and Nova sales-kit application were completed and put into operation in 2015. These intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method with estimated lives of 10 years for each.
Intangible assets consisted of the following at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:

|  | March 31, 2016 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |
Land use rights |  | $ | 2,000,963 |  |  | $ | 1,990,979 |
eCommerce Platform |  |  | 1,208,200 |  |  |  | 1,208,200 |
Customer relationship |  |  | 6,150,559 |  |  |  | 6,150,559 |
Trademarks |  |  | 200,000 |  |  |  | 200,000 |
Less: accumulated amortization |  |  | (1,641,805 | ) |  |  | (1,487,089 | )
|  | $ | 7,917,917 |  |  | $ | 8,062,649 |

Amortization of intangible assets was $153,736 and $120,849 for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Annual amortization expense is expected to be approximately $569,110 over each of the next five years.
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Note 9 - Prepaid Expenses and Other Receivables
Other current assets consisted of the following at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:

|  | March 31, 2016 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |
Prepaid expenses |  | $ | 429,298 |  |  | $ | 526,016 |
Other receivables |  |  | 577,129 |  |  |  | 654,436 |
Total |  | $ | 1,006,427 |  |  | $ | 1,180,452 |

At March 31, 2016, other receivables mainly represented government grant receivable of approximately $77,000, VAT recoverable of approximately $435,000, a deposit paid to PayPal of approximately $14,000 and others of approximately $51,000. At December 31, 2015, other receivables mainly represented VAT recoverable of approximately $485,000, government grant receivable of approximately $77,000, a deposit paid to PayPal of approximately $20,000 and amounts due from employees of approximately $28,000.
At March 31, 2016, prepaid expenses included prepayments of marketing expense of approximately $169,000, consulting fees of approximately $191,000, insurance expenses of approximately $34,000 and other prepaid expenses of approximately $35,000. At December 31, 2015, prepaid expenses included prepayments for marketing expense of approximately $338,900, consulting fees of approximately $47,800, insurance expenses of approximately $102,600, and other prepaid expenses of approximately $36,700.
Note 10 - Accrued Liabilities and Other Payables
Accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:

|  | March 31, 2016 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |
Payables to contractors |  | $ | 28,777 |  |  | $ | 182,631 |
Other payables |  |  | 188,294 |  |  |  | 212,549 |
Salary payable |  |  | 445,566 |  |  |  | 747,236 |
Financed insurance premiums |  |  | 16,740 |  |  |  | 66,960 |
Accrued consulting fees |  |  | 18,150 |  |  |  | 19,078 |
Accrued rents |  |  | 127,990 |  |  |  | 135,673 |
Accrued commission |  |  | 313,475 |  |  |  | 460,475 |
Accrued marketing expense |  |  | 450,000 |  |  |  | 450,000 |
Accrued expenses, others |  |  | 304,569 |  |  |  | 310,020 |
Total |  | $ | 1,893,561 |  |  | $ | 2,584,622 |

At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, other accrued expenses mainly included legal fees, transportation expenses and utilities. Other payables represented VAT and other tax payable.
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Note 11 - Lines of Credit
Diamond Bar entered into an agreement with a bank in California for a line of credit of up to $5,000,000 with annual interest of 4.25% and maturity on June 1, 2015. On June 8, 2015, the bank extended and modified the terms of the loan agreement to extend the line of credit up to a maximum of $6,000,000 until July 31, 2015 and $5,000,000 thereafter with an annual interest rate of 4.25% and maturity on September 1, 2015 (the term of which the bank allowed to extend until the renewal described in the following sentence while the bank conducted its own audit associated therewith). On September 28, 2015, Diamond Bar extended the line of credit up to a maximum of $6,000,000 with annual interest of 3.75% (4% from December 17, 2015) and maturity on June 1, 2017. On January 20, 2016, Diamond Bar increased the line of credit up to a maximum of $8,000,000 with annual interest of 3.5%. The line of credit is secured by all of the assets of Diamond Bar and is guaranteed by Nova LifeStyle. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Diamond Bar had $5,974,936 and $5,659,357 outstanding on the line of credit, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded interest expense of $52,706 and $47,963, respectively. As of March 31, 2016, Diamond Bar had $2,025,064 available for borrowing without violating any covenants.
The Diamond Bar loan has the following covenants: (i) maintain a minimum tangible net worth of not less than $10 million; (ii) maintain a ratio of debt to tangible net worth not in excess of 2.500 to 1.000; (iii) the pre-tax income must be not less than 1.000% of total revenue quarterly; and (iv) maintain a current ratio in excess of 1.250 to 1.000. As of March 31, 2016, Diamond Bar was in compliance with the stated covenants. In addition, the loan agreement provides for a cross default provision whereby an event of default on this loan will cause the Nova Macao loan, which is described below, to also be in default, as both loans are from the same lender.
On April 25, 2012, Nova Dongguan entered into an agreement with a commercial bank in Dongguan for a line of credit of up to $3,095,400 (RMB 20 million) with maturity on April 24, 2015. On November 20, 2014, the Company paid off the line of credit and entered into a new agreement with a reduced line of credit of up to $1,547,700 (RMB 10 million) with a maturity on May 19, 2015. On May 5, 2015, Nova Dongguan extended the line of credit of $541,695 (RMB 3.5 million) and $1,006,005 (RMB 6.5 million) with maturities on September 6, 2015 and October 18, 2015, respectively. On September 21, 2015, Nova Dongguan paid off the lines of credit and entered into a new agreement with an increased line of credit of up to $3,095,400 (RMB 20 million) for a period up to September 20, 2018. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Nova Dongguan had $3,095,400 (RMB 20.0 million) and $2,756,560 (RMB 17.9 million) outstanding, respectively. The loan of $1,996,533 (RMB 12.9 million) currently bears monthly interest of 0.47533% and requires monthly payment of the interest. The loan is due for repayment on September 24, 2016. On November 10, 2015, Nova Dongguan borrowed an additional $773,850 (RMB 5.0 million), which bore monthly interest of 0.47125% and requires monthly payment of the interest with maturity date on November 9, 2016. On January 26, 2016, Nova Dongguan borrowed an additional $325,017 (RMB 2.1 million), which bore monthly interest of 0.47125% and requires monthly payment of the interest with maturity date on January 25, 2017. The loans are secured by the buildings of Nova Dongguan and are guaranteed by the Company’s CEO. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded interest expense of $42,771 and $27,370, respectively, related to the applicable line of credit agreements. As of March 31, 2016, Nova Dongguan had $0 available for borrowing without violating any covenants.
On January 22, 2015, Nova Macao renewed a line of credit, with an annual interest rate of 4.25% and principal of up to $6,500,000, with a commercial bank in Hong Kong to extend the maturity date to January 29, 2016. On February 16, 2016, Nova Macao extended the maturity date of line of credit to January 31, 2017, with an annual interest rate of 4% and principal of up to $6,500,000. The loan requires monthly payment of interest and that the interest rate will be adjusted annually. The loan was secured by assignment of Sinosure (China Export and Credit Insurance Company) credit insurance and is guaranteed by Nova LifeStyle and Diamond Bar. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Nova Macao had $1,848,000 outstanding on the line of credit. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company paid interest of $19,728 and $19,635, respectively. As of March 31, 2016, the Company had $4,652,000 available for borrowing without violating any covenants.
The Nova Macao loan has the following covenants: (i) total outstanding under working capital advance shall not exceed the lesser of (a) the credit commitment of $6,500,000, (b) insurance claim limits and (c) borrowing base allowed of 80% advance rate against certain eligible accounts receivable; (ii) eligible accounts receivable are insured buyers by Sinosure assigned to the bank and within established insurance limit; (iii) the bank has an absolute right to exclude any portion of the accounts receivable from the aging report for computation of the borrowing base as it deems fit; (iv) in case the aggregate outstanding amount of credit facilities exceeds the available amount of facilities conferred by the aforesaid computation of borrowing base, the excess amount shall be settled within 7 days by Nova Macao. As of March 31, 2016, Nova Macao was in compliance with the stated covenants.
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Note 12 - Related Party Transactions
On September 30, 2011, Diamond Bar leased a showroom in High Point, North Carolina from the Company’s president. The lease is to be renewed at the beginning of each year. On March 7, 2016, the Company renewed the lease for an additional one year term. The lease was $32,916 for one year and only for use during two furniture exhibitions to be held between April 1, 2016 and March 31, 2017. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company paid rental amounts of $0. The Company made the payment of $16,458 for the first installment on April 29, 2016.
Note 13 - Deferred Rent Payable
Deferred rent payable represented supplemental payments the Company must pay to the residents who originally lived on the land in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China, to which the Company acquired land use rights for commercial use.
The Company is required to pay an annual management fee of RMB 1,500 ($232) per mu for a total 17.97 mu, or 11,977.42 square meters, from 2016 for 60 years for a total of approximately $325,000 (RMB 2.10 million). The payment will be made annually with a 5% increase every 5 years. The Company records such fees as expenses on a straight-line basis.
With respect to the supplemental payments the Company must pay the residents who originally lived on the land in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China, as described in the first sentence of this Note 13, the Company is required to pay an annual amount at RMB 800 ($124) per mu for a total of 60 mu (or 40,000 square meters) starting from 2003 for 60 years for a total of approximately $794,000 (RMB 5.13 million). The payment increases 10% every 5 years. The Company records such expense on a straight-line basis. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded expense of $4,644 and $4,940, respectively. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had $95,048 and $89,904 of deferred rent payable, respectively.
Note 14 - Stockholders’ Equity
Warrants
Following is a summary of the warrant activity for the three months ended March 31, 2016:

|  | Number of Warrants |  |  | Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years |
Outstanding at January 1, 2016 |  |  | 2,050,001 |  |  |  | 2.74 |  |  |  | 4.82 |
Granted |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Exercised / surrendered |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Expired |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Outstanding at March 31, 2016 |  |  | 2,050,001 |  |  |  | 2.74 |  |  |  | 4.56 |
Exercisable at March 31, 2016 |  |  | 2,050,001 |  |  |  | 2.74 |  |  |  | 4.56 |

Shares issued to IR Firm
On July 1, 2014, the Company entered into a new contract with an investor relations firm. The Company agreed to issue 100,000 shares of common stock to the firm for 12 months of investor relation services. The fair value of the 100,000 shares of common stock was $462,000; the fair value was calculated based on the stock price of $4.62 per share on July 1, 2014, and will be amortized over the service term. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company amortized $0 and $115,500 as IR expenses, respectively.
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Shares and Warrants issued to Consultants
On July 1, 2013, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with a consulting firm in China for providing management M&A, business strategy and financing consultation services effective July 15, 2013. The Company agreed to issue 50,000 shares of common stock to the firm for 12 months of consulting services starting on July 15, 2013. The Company also agreed to issue three-year warrants for the firm to purchase 50,000 shares of the Company’s common stock with an exercise price of $4 per share. Both the common stock and warrants were issued to the Consultant or its designees within 7 business days upon execution of the Agreement. The fair value of the 50,000 shares of common stock was $200,000 at July 1, 2013, and that amount was amortized over the service term.
The warrants issued to the consulting firm are exercisable for a fixed number of shares, and are classified as equity instruments. The Company accounted for the warrants issued based on the fair value method under ASC Topic 505, and the fair value of the warrants was calculated using the Black-Scholes model under the following assumptions: estimated life of 3 years, volatility of 353%, risk-free interest rate of 0.66% and dividend yield of 0%. No estimate of forfeitures was made as the Company has a short history of granting options and warrants. Because these equity-classified warrants are vested immediately and are non-forfeitable; based on ASC 505-50, the performance commitment had been reached at the grant date, and accordingly, the measurement date is the grant date. The fair value of the warrants issued to the consulting firm at grant date was $194,989, and that amount was amortized over the service term in 2014.
On August 15, 2014, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with a consulting firm for general business advisory, marketing and administration, and business strategy consulting services effective on September 1, 2014. The Company agreed to issue 10,000 shares of common stock to the firm for 12 months of consulting services starting on September 1, 2014. The fair value of the 10,000 shares of common stock was $42,000, which was calculated based on the stock price of $4.20 per share on September 1, 2014, and was amortized over the service term. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company amortized $0 and $10,500 as consulting expenses, respectively.
On December 1, 2014, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with a consulting firm for management consulting services effective on December 1, 2014. The Company agreed to issue 60,000 shares of common stock to the firm for three years of consulting services. The shares will be issued according to the following vesting schedule set forth as follows: The initial 10,000 shares were required to be issued within 30 days upon signing of the agreement; for the remaining 50,000 shares, the Company will issue to the consultant 10,000 shares of common stock on or before each of June 1, 2015, December 1, 2015, June 1, 2016, December 1, 2016 and June 1, 2017. The Company or the consultant may terminate the agreement at any time by a 90 day written notice to the other party. The fair value of the 60,000 shares was $224,400, which was calculated based on the stock price of $3.74 per share on December 1, 2014 and will be amortized over the service term. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company amortized $18,700 and $2,493 as consulting expenses, respectively.
On March 1, 2015, the Company entered into a marketing agreement with a consultant for marketing and product promotion services effective on March 1, 2015. The Company agreed to grant the consultant $100,000 worth of shares of the Company’s common stock for 12 months of consulting services starting on March 1, 2015. The shares vested immediately on March 1, 2015. The share price was calculated as the average closing price per share for ten trading days immediately prior to the execution of the agreement and will be amortized over the service term. On March 9, 2015, the Company issued 38,745 shares at an average price of $2.581 each to the consultant. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company amortized $16,667 and $8,333 as consulting expenses, respectively.
On September 14, 2015, the Company entered into a business marketing advisory agreement with a consultant for marketing and general consulting services effective on August 15, 2015. The Company agreed to pay the consultant a monthly fee of $5,000 and also granted 18,348 shares of the Company’s common stock to the consultant for 12 months of services starting on August 15, 2015. Twenty-five percent (25%) of those shares vest on November 15, 2015, 25% on February 15, 2016, 25% on May 15, 2016 and the remaining 25% on August 15, 2016. The fair value of the 18,348 shares was $45,870, which was calculated based on the stock price of $2.50 per share on August 15, 2015 and will be amortized over the service term. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company amortized $11,468 and $0 as consulting expenses, respectively.
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On February 1, 2016, the Company entered into a marketing agreement with a consultant for marketing development strategies and consulting services for 15 months. The Company agreed to grant the consultant 10,000 shares of stock a month, which is total commitment of 150,000 shares of stock. The fair value of the 150,000 shares was $204,000, which was calculated based on the stock price of $1.36 per share on February 1, 2016, the date the agreement was executed, and will be amortized over the service term. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company amortized $27,200 as consulting expenses.
On February 1, 2016, the Company entered into an E-Commerce agreement with a consultant for E-Commerce consulting service for 24 months. The Company agreed to grant the consultant 10,000 shares of stock a month, which is a total commitment of 240,000 shares of stock. Twelve and half percent (12.5%) of those shares vest on April 30, 2016, 12.5% on July 30, 2016, 12.5% on October 31, 2016, 12.5% on January 31, 2017, 12.5% on April 30, 2017, 12.5% on July 30, 2017, 12.5% on October 31, 2017 and the remaining 12.5% on January 31, 2018. The fair value of the 240,000 shares was $326,400, which was calculated based on the stock price of $1.36 per share on February 1, 2016, the date the agreement was executed, and will be amortized over the service term. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company amortized $27,200 as consulting expenses.
On February 1, 2016, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with a consultant for the planning, coordinating and strategy implementation services for 6 months. The Company agreed to grant the consultant $10,000 worth of shares of stock a month. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, 16,010 shares, which was calculated based on the stock price of $1.34 and $1.17 per share on February 29, 2016 and March 31, 2016, respectively, were vested. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company amortized $20,000 as consulting expense.
On January 30, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors approved entering agreements with 5 furniture designers for product design for 24 months. The Company intends to grant the designers in total 600,000 shares of stock. The Company has not yet entered into the agreements with the designers as of the date of this 10-Q.
Shares and Warrants issued through Private Placement
Private Placement on April 14, 2014
On April 14, 2014, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain purchasers (the “Buyers”) pursuant to which the Company sold to the Buyers, in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 1,320,059 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, at a negotiated purchase price of $6.78 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of $8.95 million, before deducting fees to the placement agent of $716,000 and other estimated offering expenses of $20,000 payable by the Company.
As part of the transaction, the Buyers also received (i) Series A warrants to purchase up to 660,030 shares of Common Stock in the aggregate at an exercise price of $8.48 per share (the “Series A Warrants”); (ii) Series B warrants to purchase up to 633,628 shares of Common Stock in the aggregate at an exercise price of $6.82 per share (the “Series B Warrants”); and (iii) Series C warrants to purchase up to 310,478 shares of Common Stock in the aggregate at an exercise price of $8.53 per share (the “Series C Warrants” and together with the Series A Warrants and the Series B Warrants, the “Warrants”). According to FASB ASC 815-40-15, these Warrants will be classified as a liability on the balance sheet, initially recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings at each reporting period as they had a settlement provision for adjusting the strike price if new equity is issued at a later date at a price below the strike price.
The Series A Warrants had a term of four years and are exercisable by the holders at any time after the date of issuance. The Series B Warrants had a term of six months and are exercisable by the holders at any time after the date of issuance. All of the Series B Warrants expired on October 14, 2014 and none of the Series B warrants have been exercised. The Series C Warrants have a term of four years and are exercisable by the holders at any time after the date of issuance. After the six month anniversary of the issuance date of the Series C Warrants, to the extent that a holder of Series C Warrant exercised less than 70% of such holder’s Series B Warrants and the closing sale price of the Common Stock was equal to or greater than $9.81 for a period of ten consecutive trading days, and the Company could purchase the entire then-remaining portion of such holder’s Series C Warrants for $1,000. On October 14, 2014, the Company’s closing sale price of the Common Stock was not equal to or greater than $9.81 for a period of ten consecutive trading days, accordingly, the Company cannot purchase the entire then-remaining portion of such holder’s Series C Warrants for $1,000.
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In addition, the Company granted the Placement Agent or its designees at the Closing warrants to purchase that number of shares of common stock of the Company equal to seven percent (7%) of the aggregate number of Shares placed in the Placement. The Placement Agent Warrants had the same terms, including exercise price, anti-dilution and registration rights, as the warrants issued to the Investors in the Placement. The placement agent and its designees received Series PA warrants to purchase up to 92,404 shares of common stock at the closing.
The Company estimated the fair value of its warrants as of March 31, 2015 using the Binomial option pricing model using the following assumptions:

|  | Series A Warrants |  |  | Series C Warrants |  |  | Placement Agent Warrants |  |  | Total |
At March 31, 2015: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Market price of common stock ($) |  |  | 2.50 |  |  |  | 2.50 |  |  |  | 2.50 |  |  |  |
Number of shares of common stock underlying the warrants |  |  | 660,030 |  |  |  | 310,478 |  |  |  | 92,404 |  |  |  | 1,062,912 |
Exercise price ($) |  |  | 8.48 |  |  |  | 8.53 |  |  |  | 8.48 |  |  |  |  |
Remaining contractual life (years): |  |  | 3.04 |  |  |  | 3.04 |  |  |  | 3.04 |  |  |  |  |
Dividend yield: |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  |  |
Expected volatility: |  |  | 72 | % |  |  | 72 | % |  |  | 72 | % |  |  |  |
Risk-free interest rate: |  |  | 0.89 | % |  |  | 0.89 | % |  |  | 0.89 | % |  |  |  |
Fair value ($) |  |  | 306,150 |  |  |  | 143,182 |  |  |  | 43,042 |  |  |  | 492,374 |

The Company recorded $972,645 as income from change in fair value of the warrants for the three months ended March 31, 2015.
In connection with a Securities Purchase Agreement entered on May 28, 2015, the Company issued 660,030 shares of common stock to the holders of the Company’s 2014 Series A Warrants in exchange for the termination and surrender of such warrants, 310,478 shares of the Company’s common stock was issued to the holders of the Company’s 2014 Series C Warrants in exchange for the surrender and termination of such warrants, and 92,404 shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to the Placement Agent of the Company’s 2014 Series PA Warrants in exchange for the surrender and termination of such warrants. As of March 31, 2016, there were no warrants from the April 14, 2014 private placement outstanding.
Private Placement on May 28, 2015
On May 28, 2015, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain purchasers (the “Purchasers”) pursuant to which the Company offered to the Purchasers, in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 2,970,509 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share. 2,000,001 shares of the common stock were sold to the Purchasers at a negotiated purchase price of $2.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of $4,000,002, before deducting fees to the placement agent and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. In accordance with the terms of the Purchase Agreement entered on April 14, 2014, the outstanding 2014 Series A Warrants were exchanged for 660,030 Shares of our Common Stock, and the outstanding 2014 Series C Warrants were exchanged for 310,478 Shares of our Common Stock.
In a concurrent private placement, the Company also sold to the Purchasers a warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s Common Stock for each share purchased for cash in the offering, pursuant to that certain Common Stock Purchase Warrant, by and between the Company and each Purchaser (the “2015 Warrants”). The 2015 Warrants will be exercisable beginning on the six month anniversary of the date of issuance (the "Initial Exercise Date") at an exercise price of $2.71 per share and will expire on the five year anniversary of the Initial Exercise Date. The purchase price of one share of the Company’s Common Stock under the 2015 Warrants is equal to the exercise price.
The warrants issued in the private placement described above are exercisable for a fixed number of shares, and are classified as equity instruments under ASC 815-40-25-10. The Company accounted for the warrants issued in the 2015 private placement based on the fair value method under ASC Topic 505, and the fair value of the warrants was calculated using the Black-Scholes model under the following assumptions: estimated life of 5 years, volatility of 107%, risk-free interest rate of 1.55% and dividend yield of 0%. No estimate of forfeitures was made as the Company has a short history of granting options and warrants. The fair value of the warrants issued to investors at grant date was $3,147,530.
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Shares issued to Independent Directors
In July 2014, the Company entered into restricted stock award agreements (under the 2014 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan) with four independent directors of the Board. The Company agreed to grant 5,000 shares to one independent director and 4,000 shares to each of three other of its independent directors with a grant date of July 9, 2014. The restricted period lapses as to twenty-five percent (25%) of the restricted stock on each of the three-month, six-month, nine-month and twelve-month anniversaries of the grant date. The fair value of these shares was $75,990, which was calculated based on the stock price of $4.47 per share on July 9, 2014. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company amortized $0 and $19,995 as directors’ stock compensation expenses, respectively.
In March 2015, the Company entered into restricted stock award agreements (under the 2014 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan) with three independent directors of the Board. The Company agreed to grant 12,195 shares to each of these independent directors with a grant date of March 24, 2015. The restricted period lapses as to twenty-five percent (25%) of the restricted stock on September 30, 2015, December 31, 2015, March 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, subject to the director remaining in the continuous service of the Company or its affiliates on each applicable vesting date. The fair value of these shares was $119,999, which was calculated based on the stock price of $3.28 per share on March 24, 2015. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company amortized $26,959 and $0 as directors’ stock compensation expenses, respectively.
In May 2015, the Company entered into a restricted stock award agreement (under the 2014 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan) with a new independent director. The Company agreed to grant 12,195 shares to the new independent director with a grant date of May 19, 2015. The restricted period lapses as to twenty-five percent (25%) of the restricted stock on September 30, 2015, December 31, 2015, March 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, subject to the director remaining in the continuous service of the Company or its affiliates on each applicable vesting date. The fair value of these shares was $38,292, which was calculated based on the stock price of $3.14 per share on May 19, 2015. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company amortized $9,652 and $0 as directors’ stock compensation expenses, respectively.
Shares to be issued to Employees
On January 30, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the grant of 600,000 shares of stock to the Company’s staff for their hard work and dedication for the past years. As of the date of this 10-Q, the Company has not yet granted or issued the stock to any employees, as it is still determining the timing and quantity of shares to be issued to particular employees.
Note 15 - Statutory Reserves
As a U.S. holding company, the Company’s ability to pay dividends is primarily dependent on the Company receiving distributions of funds from its subsidiaries. Relevant PRC statutory laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by the Company’s PRC subsidiaries, Nova Dongguan, Nova Macao and Ding Nuo, only out of the subsidiary’s retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. The results of operations reflected in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP differ from those reflected in the statutory financial statements of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries. Pursuant to the corporate laws of the PRC and Macao, including the PRC Regulations on Enterprises with Foreign Investment, Nova Dongguan, Nova Macao and Ding Nuo are only required to maintain one statutory reserve by appropriating from after-tax profit before declaration or payment of dividends. The statutory reserve represents restricted retained earnings. As a result of the PRC laws and regulations described below that require such annual appropriations of 10% of after-tax income to be set aside prior to payment of dividends as a general statutory reserve fund, the Company’s PRC subsidiaries are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to the Company as a dividend.
Surplus Reserve Fund
Nova Dongguan and Ding Nuo are required to transfer 10% of net income, as determined under PRC accounting rules and regulations, to a statutory surplus reserve fund until such reserve balance reaches 50% of the subsidiary’s registered capital. The surplus reserve fund is non-distributable other than during liquidation and can be used to fund previous years’ losses, if any, and may be utilized for business expansion or converted into share capital by issuing new shares to existing shareholders in proportion to their shareholdings or by increasing the par value of the shares currently held by them, provided that the remaining reserve balance after such issuance is not less than 25% of the registered capital.
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At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Nova Macao had surplus reserves of $6,241, representing 50% of its registered capital. Nova Dongguan and Ding Nuo did not make any transfer to surplus reserves due to their accumulated deficit.
Common Welfare Fund
The common welfare fund is a voluntary fund to which Nova Dongguan, Ding Nuo and Nova Macao can each elect to transfer 5% to 10% of its net income. This fund can only be utilized on capital items for the collective benefit of the subsidiary’s employees, such as construction of dormitories, cafeteria facilities, and other staff welfare facilities. This fund is non-distributable other than upon liquidation. Nova Dongguan, Nova Macao and Ding Nuo do not participate in this voluntary fund.
Note 16 - Geographical Sales
Geographical distribution of sales consisted of the following for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015:

Geographical Areas |  | March 31, 2016 |  |  | March 31, 2015 |
China* |  | $ | 4,615,080 |  |  | $ | 3,766,315 |
North America |  |  | 17,223,375 |  |  |  | 15,118,508 |
Asia** |  |  | 452,780 |  |  |  | 668,210 |
Europe |  |  | 3,898,885 |  |  |  | 2,421,143 |
Australia |  |  | 774,155 |  |  |  | 26,758 |
Hong Kong |  |  | 19,683 |  |  |  | 5,675 |
Other countries |  |  | 100,129 |  |  |  | 25,869 |
|  | $ | 27,084,087 |  |  | $ | 22,032,478 |

* excluding Hong Kong
** excluding China

Note 17 - Commitments and Contingencies
Lease Commitment
On June 17, 2013, the Company entered into a lease agreement for office, warehouse, storage, and distribution space with a five year term, commencing on November 1, 2013 and expiring on October 31, 2018. The lease agreement also provides an option to extend for an additional six-year term. The monthly rental payment is $42,000 with 3% increase annually. The rent is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
On January 7, 2014, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with Diamond Bar for warehouse space with a 5 year term commencing on November 1, 2013 and expiring on October 31, 2018. The Company subleased a portion of its warehouse space to one of its customers with a 1 year term commencing on December 1, 2013 and expiring on November 30, 2014. The Company renewed the contract for another 1 year term on November 30, 2014. On October 1, 2015, the Company extended the contract for a 1 year term with expiration on October 31, 2016. The sublease income was recorded against the rental expense. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded $20,077 and $17,700.
On September 19, 2013, Bright Swallow entered into a lease agreement for office space in Hong Kong with a two year term, commencing on October 1, 2013 and expiring on September 30, 2015. On September 15, 2015, Bright Swallow renewed the lease for another two year term, commencing on October 1, 2015 and expiring on September 30, 2017. The monthly rental payment is 20,000 Hong Kong Dollars ($2,581).
The Company has entered into several lease agreements for office and warehouse space in Commerce, California and showroom space in Las Vegas, Nevada and High Point, North Carolina on monthly or annual terms.
Total rental expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 was $158,098 and $160,481, respectively. The rental expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
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The total minimum future lease payments are as follows:

12 Months Ended March 31, |  | Amount |
2017 |  | $ | 572,344 |
2018 |  |  | 573,102 |
2019 |  |  | 330,900 |
2020 |  |  | - |
2021 |  |  | - |
Thereafter |  |  | - |
Total |  | $ | 1,476,346 |

Employment Agreements
On May 3, 2013, the Company entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with Thanh H. Lam to serve as the Company’s president for five years. The agreement provides for an annual salary of $80,000, 200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock and an annual bonus at the sole discretion of the Board. The 200,000 shares to be issued to Ms. Lam are subject to the terms of a stock award agreement. The first 50,000 shares of common stock were vested immediately, and the remaining shares vest at 50,000 shares per year for three years on each anniversary of the effective date of the stock award agreement. The fair value of the shares was based on the stock price of $3.82 per share on May 3, 2013. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded $47,750 and $47,750 as stock-based compensation to Thanh H Lam, respectively.
On November 10, 2014, the Company’s Board of Directors ratified the 2015 annual compensation of the Company’s CEO, CFO and President as approved by the Company’s Compensation Committee, and, upon the recommendation of the Company’s Compensation Committee, approved the grant of Restricted Stock Units to the Company’s CEO, CFO and President. The cash compensation for such officers remained the same as in 2014 ($100,000 for CEO, $80,000 for CFO and $80,000 for the President). In addition, each of them received a grant of 46,403 Restricted Stock Units (“RSU”). The fair value of the 46,403 shares of RSU was $200,000, which was calculated based on the stock price of $4.31 per share on October 27, 2014, the date the awards were determined by the Compensation Committee. The RSU grants vested 25% on March 30, 2015, 25% on June 30, 2015, 25% on September 30, 2015 and 25% on December 31, 2015. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded $0 and $150,000, respectively, as stock-based compensation to the officers.
On March 25, 2015, the Company entered into one-year employment agreements, effective as of November 10, 2014, with Mr. Ya Ming (Jeffrey) Wong and Mr. Yuen Ching (Sammy) Ho to serve as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, respectively. These agreements are in substantially the same form as the previous one-year employment agreements entered into on November 7, 2013 (which expired by their terms), and provide for annual salaries of $100,000 for Mr. Wong and $80,000 for Mr. Ho, and annual bonuses at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors. The employment agreements also reflect the RSU grants described in the immediately preceding paragraph.
On March 21, 2016, the Company granted Restricted Stock Units to the Company’s CEO, CFO and President. Each of them will receive a grant of 100,000 Restricted Stock Units (“RSU”). The fair value of the 300,000 shares of RSU was $360,000, which was calculated based on the stock price of $1.20 per share on March 21, 2016. The RSU grants vested 25% on March 30, 2016; the remaining RSU grants will vest according to the following schedule: 25% on June 30, 2016, 25% on September 30, 2016 and 25% on December 31, 2016. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company recorded $90,000 as stock-based compensation to the officers.
On March 25, 2016, the Company entered into one-year employment agreements, effective as of November 11, 2015, with Mr. Ya Ming (Jeffrey) Wong and Mr. Yuen Ching (Sammy) Ho to serve as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, respectively. These agreements are in substantially the same form as the previous one-year employment agreements entered into on March 25, 2015 (which expired by their terms), and provide for annual salaries of $100,000 for Mr. Wong and $80,000 for Mr. Ho, and annual bonuses at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors. The employment agreements also reflect the RSU grants described in the immediately preceding paragraph.
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Note 18 - Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated subsequent events that occurred subsequent to March 31, 2016, and through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued as of the date of the report. Management has concluded that no subsequent events required disclosure in these financial statements.
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “continue,” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions. Factors that might cause or contribute to such a discrepancy include, but are not limited to, those listed under the heading “Risk Factors” and those listed in our other Securities and Exchange Commission filings. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Financial Statements and related Notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this report to “we,” “us,” “Nova,” “Nova Lifestyle” or the “Company” refer to Nova Lifestyle, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Safe Harbor Declaration
The comments made throughout this report should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes thereto, and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report. In addition to historical information, the following discussion and other parts of this report contain certain forward-looking information. When used in this discussion, the words, “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially from projected results, due to a number of factors beyond our control. We do not undertake to publicly update or revise any of these forward-looking statements, even if experience or future changes show that the indicated results or events will not be realized. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. Readers also are urged to carefully review and consider our discussions regarding the various factors that affect the company’s business, which are described in this section and elsewhere in this report.
Overview
Nova LifeStyle Inc. is a broad based manufacturer of contemporary styled residential furniture incorporated into a dynamic marketing and sales platform offering retail as well as online selection and purchase fulfillment globally. We monitor popular trending and work to create design elements that are then integrated into our product lines that can be used as both stand-alone or whole-room and home furnishing solutions. Through our global network, Nova LifeStyle also sells (through an exclusive third party manufacturing partner) a managed variety of high quality bedding foundation components.
Nova's LifeStyle brand family currently includes Diamond Sofa (www.diamondsofa.com), Colorful World, Giorgio Mobili, and, Bright Swallow.
Our customers principally consist of distributors and retailers having a specific geographic coverage that deploy middle to high end private label home furnishings having very little competitive overlap within our specific furnishings products or product lines. Nova LifeStyle is constantly seeking to integrate new sources of distribution and manufacturing that are properly aligned with our growth strategy thus allowing us to continually focus on building both same store sales growth as well as drive the expansion of our overall distribution and manufacturing relationships through a deployment of popular, as well as trend-based, furnishing solutions worldwide.
On October 24, 2013, Nova Dongguan incorporated Dongguan Ding Nuo Household Products Co., Ltd. (“Ding Nuo”) under the laws of the PRC and contributed capital of RMB 1 million ($162,994). Nova Dongguan made an additional capital contribution of RMB 0.1 million ($16,305) on November 27, 2013 through one of Nova Dongguan’s officers who acts as the nominee shareholder of Ding Nuo. All of the nominee shareholder’s shares were put in escrow and trust with Nova Dongguan and all profits and losses of Ding Nuo will be distributed to Nova Dongguan; accordingly, Nova Dongguan effectively controls 100% of Ding Nuo. Ding Nuo was established mainly for engaging in business with IKEA.
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IKEA has strict standards and processes to choose and qualify its vendors and suppliers. In order to be qualified as an IKEA supplier, a company must go through a review, inspection and approval process according to IKEA standards which include the supplier’s operating history, manufacturing facility and equipment, production capacity, raw materials, employee benefits and work safety, environmental protection and compliance with laws and regulations, among other things. Nova began the discussions with IKEA to become a supplier in 2012. In order to expedite the qualification process with IKEA, we decided to incorporate a new company and construct a new facility/workshop in full compliance with IKEA's special requirements. Therefore, we incorporated Ding Nuo, built a manufacturing facility/workshop and leased it to Ding Nuo specifically for engaging in business with IKEA. In early September 2014, Ding Nuo completed production of an initial purchase order from IKEA. The purchase was made under a Contract Review Trading Area – Supplier. IKEA finished installing a Purchase Agreement (the “PUA”) system into Nova’s computer system in early October 2014, so that IKEA is able to place future orders through the system for Nova to execute. Ding Nuo has successfully fulfilled IKEA’s testing orders (in terms of timing, product quality, delivery and other requirements), and at IKEA’s request, completed test manufacturing of certain new styles and furniture for which demand is well-established, and we passed IKEA’s quality inspection. IKEA has provided us with a yearly order plan and adjusted the yearly order plan to increase the volume in June and August of 2015. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, IKEA maintained the same order volume as August of 2015. During the first quarter of 2016, IKEA’s research and development team introduced approximately ten SKUs (i.e., different product lines) to the Company’s research and development team. The Company is currently in the process of preparing samples and discussing different construction and material details based on IKEA’s proposals. We expect to launch production of between two to five different SKUs (i.e., different product lines) for IKEA during the second quarter of 2016. We also expect IKEA to maintain or increase its order volume for the foreseeable future.
Our experience developing and marketing products for international markets has enabled us to develop the scale, logistics, marketing, manufacturing efficiencies and design expertise that serve as the foundation for us to expand aggressively into the highly attractive U.S., Canadian and Chinese markets.
We are a U.S. holding company with no material assets other than the ownership interests of our wholly owned subsidiaries through which we market, design, manufacture and sell residential furniture worldwide: Nova Dongguan, Nova Macao, Nova Museum, Nova Furniture, Bright Swallow, Diamond Bar and Ding Nuo, with Nova Museum a wholly owned subsidiary of Nova Dongguan and Ding Nuo, a 91% owned subsidiary of Nova Dongguan . Nova Dongguan is a wholly foreign owned enterprise (“WFOE”) and was incorporated under the laws of the PRC on June 6, 2003. Nova Macao was organized under the laws of Macao on May 20, 2006. Nova Dongguan organized Nova Museum on March 17, 2011, as a non-profit organization under the laws of the PRC engaged in the promotion of the culture and history of furniture in China. Nova Dongguan and Nova Macao are wholly owned subsidiaries of Nova Furniture, one of our wholly owned subsidiaries, organized under the laws of the BVI on April 29, 2003. We acquired Nova Furniture pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement on June 30, 2011. Diamond Bar is a California corporation organized on June 15, 2000, which we acquired pursuant to a stock purchase agreement on August 31, 2011. On April 24, 2013, we acquired all of the outstanding stock of Bright Swallow; the purchase price was $6.5 million in cash and was fully paid at the closing of the acquisition. In 2013, we formed Ding Nuo as a new subsidiary, which is held 90.91% by Nova Dongguan and 9.09% by Mr. Gu XingChang, as described above.
Nova Dongguan markets and sells our products in China to stores in our franchise network and to wholesalers and agents for domestic retailers and exporters. Nova Dongguan also provides the design expertise and facilities to manufacture our branded products and products for international markets under Original Design Manufacturer (“ODM”) and Original Equipment Manufacturer (“OEM”) agreements. Nova Macao is a trading company, importing, marketing and selling products designed and manufactured by Nova Dongguan and third party manufacturers for the U.S. and international markets. Nova Macao manages all aspects of Nova Dongguan’s export market. Diamond Bar markets and sells products manufactured by us and third party manufacturers under the Diamond Sofa brand to distributors and retailers principally in the U.S. market. Bright Swallow sells products manufactured by third party manufacturers through The Brick Limited which is principally in the Canadian market. Ding Nuo is primarily engaged in conducting business with IKEA. We added a factory in 2011 and completed construction of a new plant at our Nova Dongguan facilities in the second quarter of 2013 and the fourth quarter of 2015. The manufacturing capacity provided by these new plants will help Nova Dongguan maintain current and anticipated levels of production on pace with our anticipated expansion and increase in sales to China. We intend to meet our liquidity requirements, including capital expenditures related to the expansion of our manufacturing facilities at Nova Dongguan, purchase of raw materials and the expansion of our business, through cash flow provided by operations, our existing credit facilities, and any possible equity financing.
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Principal Factors Affecting Our Financial Performance
Significant factors that we believe could affect our operating results are the (i) cost of raw materials; (ii) prices of our products to our international retailer and wholesaler customers and their markup to end consumers; (iii) consumer acceptance of our new brands and product collections; and (iv) general economic conditions in the U.S., Canadian, Chinese, European and other international markets. We have experienced and anticipate continued fluctuation in raw material costs as a result of world economic conditions, such as the price of stainless and carbon steel. We can normally pass the raw material cost increase to our customers, but there may be a time lag as we renegotiate pricing with our customers on existing products and introduce new product collections. We attempt to mitigate short-term risks of raw material price swings in between customer price negotiations by purchasing some raw materials in advance based on forecasted production needs. In addition, we are less susceptible to these short-term raw material pricing risks in the Chinese retail market because we reserve the right under our product franchise agreements to adjust our wholesale and retail product pricing based on raw material price fluctuations, providing franchisees with at least one month’s notice prior to price adjustment. We believe most of our customers are willing to pay us higher prices for our high quality and stylish products, timely delivery and strong production capacity, which we expect will allow us to maintain high gross profit margins for our products. We have diversified our products by introducing brands and product collections exclusively for China, acquiring the Diamond Sofa brand in the U.S. market and developing higher-margin products for the U.S. and international markets, acquiring Bright Swallow for the Canadian market and establishing Ding Nuo for doing business with IKEA. Consumer preference trends favoring high quality and stylish products and lifestyle-based furniture suites also should allow us to maintain our high gross profit margins. The markets in North America and Europe remain challenging because they are experiencing a slower than anticipated recovery from the recent international financial crisis and the Euro-area crisis in particular. However, we believe that discretionary purchases of furniture by middle to upper middle-income consumers, our target global consumer market, will increase along with expected growth in the worldwide furniture trade and recovery of housing markets. Furthermore, we believe that our expansion of direct sales in the U.S. will have a positive impact on our net sales and net income, while helping to diversify our customer base and end consumer markets.
Critical Accounting Policies
While our significant accounting policies are described more fully in Note 2 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements, we believe the following accounting policies are the most critical to aid you in fully understanding and evaluating this Management Discussion and Analysis.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for Nova LifeStyle and its subsidiaries, Diamond Bar, Bright Swallow, Nova Furniture, Nova Dongguan, Nova Macao, Nova Museum and Ding Nuo.
Use of Estimates
In preparing consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by us, include, but are not limited to, the allowance for bad debt, valuation of inventories, unrecognized tax benefits, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, assumptions used in assessing impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill and fair value of warrant derivative liability. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Accounts Receivable
Our policy is to maintain an allowance for potential credit losses on accounts receivable. We review the composition of accounts receivable and analyze historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves. We maintained an allowance for bad debt of $458,959 and $484,936 as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
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Revenue Recognition
Our revenue recognition policies are in compliance with ASC Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition.” Sales revenue is recognized when a formal arrangement exists, the price is fixed or determinable, the delivery is completed, no other significant obligations of ours exist and collectability is reasonably assured. No revenue is recognized if there are significant uncertainties regarding the recovery of the consideration due, or the possible return of the goods. Payments received before all of the relevant criteria for revenue recognition are recorded as unearned revenue.
Sales revenue represents the invoiced value of goods, net of value-added taxes, or VAT. All of our products sold in China are subject to VAT of 17% of the gross sales price. This VAT may be offset by VAT paid by us on raw materials and other materials purchased in China and included in the cost of producing the finished product. We record VAT payable and VAT receivable net of payments in the consolidated financial statements. The VAT tax return is filed offsetting the payables against the receivables. Sales and purchases are recorded net of VAT collected and paid when we act as an agent for the PRC government.
Our sales policy allows for the return of product within the warranty period if the product is defective and the defects are our fault. As alternatives for the product return option, the customers have options of asking a discount from us for the products with quality issues or receiving replacement parts from us at no cost. The amount for return of products, the discount provided to the customers and cost for the replacement parts were immaterial for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in USD. The functional currency of Nova LifeStyle, Nova Furniture, Nova Macao, Bright Swallow, and Diamond Bar is the United States Dollar (“$” or “USD”). The functional currency of our PRC subsidiaries, Nova Dongguan, Nova Museum and Ding Nuo, is RMB. The functional currencies of our foreign operations are translated into USD for balance sheet accounts using the current exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date, except for equity account using the historical exchange rate, and for revenue and expense accounts using the weighted-average exchange rate during the fiscal year. The translation adjustments are recorded in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, captioned “Accumulated other comprehensive income.” Gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in foreign currencies are included in “Other income (expenses)” in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. There have been no significant fluctuations in the exchange rate for the conversion of RMB to USD after the balance sheet date.
Segment Reporting
ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company’s management organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company.
We determined that our operations constitute a single reportable segment in accordance with ASC 280. We operate exclusively in one business and industry segment: the design, manufacture and sale of furniture. All of our long-lived assets for production are located at our facilities in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China, and operate within the same environmental, safety and quality regulations governing furniture manufacturers. We established Nova Macao and Ding Nuo, and acquired Diamond Bar and Bright Swallow for the purpose of marketing and selling our products. As a result, we view the business and operations of Nova Dongguan, Nova Macao, Diamond Bar, Bright Swallow and Ding Nuo as a blended gross margin when determining future growth, return on investment and cash flows. Nova Museum, a non-profit organization engaged principally in the promotion and dissemination of the culture and history of furniture in China, has no operations or substantial assets other than its decorations and renovation, and its heritage and cultural assets are for the purpose of exhibition only.
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Accordingly, we concluded that we had one reportable segment under ASC 280 because: (i) our products sold through Nova Dongguan, Nova Macao, and Ding Nuo are created with similar production processes, in the same facilities, under the same regulatory environment and sold to customers using similar distribution systems; (ii) Diamond Bar is a furniture distributor based in California focusing on customers in the US, and Bright Swallow is a furniture distributor based in Hong Kong focusing on customers in Canada, both of which are operated under the same senior management of Nova Dongguan and Nova Macao, and we view the operations of Nova Dongguan, Nova Macao, Diamond Bar, Bright Swallow and Ding Nuo as a whole for making business decisions; and (iii) although Nova Museum is principally engaged in the dissemination of the culture and history of furniture in China, it also serves a function of promoting and marketing our image and products by providing a platform and channel for consumers to be exposed to us and our products, it is operated under the same management with the same resources and in the same location as Nova Dongguan, and it is an additive and supplemental unit to our main operations, the manufacture and sale of furniture.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Presentation of Financial Statements — Going Concern. This standard requires management to evaluate for each annual and interim reporting period whether it is probable that the reporting entity will not be able to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. If the entity is in such a position, the standard provides for certain disclosures depending on whether or not the entity will be able to successfully mitigate its going concern status. This guidance is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early application is permitted. We do not anticipate that this adoption will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
The FASB has issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This ASU supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification 605 - Revenue Recognition and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Codification. The standard requires that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This ASU is effective on January 1, 2017 and should be applied retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the ASU recognized at the date of initial application. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date. The amendment in this ASU defers the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 for all entities for one year. Public business entities, certain not-for-profit entities, and certain employee benefit plans should apply the guidance in ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of this guidance on the consolidated financial statements.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory, which requires an entity to measure inventory within the scope at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The effective date for the standard is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. We do not anticipate that this adoption will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments. To simplify the accounting for adjustments made to provisional amounts recognized in a business combination, the amendments eliminate the requirement to retrospectively account for those adjustments. For public business entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The amendments should be applied prospectively to adjustments to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date with earlier application permitted for financial statements that have not been issued. We do not anticipate that this adoption will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
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In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of this ASU on the consolidated financial statements.
On March 17, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which provides guidance on assessing whether an entity is a principal or an agent in a revenue transaction and whether an entity reports revenue on a gross or net basis. On April 14, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which provides guidance on identifying performance obligations and accounting for licenses of intellectual property. The effective date and transition requirements for ASU No. 2016-08 and ASU No. 2016-10 are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU No. 2014-09. We are evaluating the effect that ASU No. 2016-08 and ASU No. 2016-10 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
On March 30, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which includes amendments to accounting for income taxes at settlement, forfeitures, and net settlements to cover withholding taxes. The amendments in ASU 2016-09 are effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted but requires all elements of the amendments to be adopted at once rather than individually. We are evaluating the effect that ASU No. 2016-09 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015
The following table sets forth the results of our operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. Certain columns may not add due to rounding.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
|  | $ |  | % of Sales |  |  | $ |  | % of Sales |
Net sales |  |  | 27,084,087 |  |  |  |  |  | 22,032,478 |  |  |
Cost of sales |  |  | (22,941,273 | ) |  |  | 85 | % |  |  | (17,960,447 | ) |  |  | 82 | %
Gross profit |  |  | 4,142,814 |  |  |  | 15 | % |  |  | 4,072,031 |  |  |  | 18 | %
Operating expenses |  |  | (3,756,298 | ) |  |  | 14 | % |  |  | (3,176,744 | ) |  |  | 14 | %
Income from operations |  |  | 386,516 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 895,287 |  |  |  | 4 | %
Other (expenses) income, net |  |  | (162,154 | ) |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 925,785 |  |  |  | 4 | %
Income tax expense |  |  | (127,233 | ) |  |  | - | % |  |  | (196,209 | ) |  |  | 1 | %
Net income |  |  | 97,129 |  |  |  | - | % |  |  | 1,624,863 |  |  |  | 7 | %

Net Sales
Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2016, were $27.08 million, an increase of 23% from $22.03 million in the same period of 2015; this increase in net sales resulted primarily from a 7% increase in sales volume coupled with a 15% increase in average selling price. Our subsidiary Ding Nuo, which was formed in October 2013, contributed $1.72 million to sales for the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $1.22 million in the same period of 2015. Our largest selling product categories in the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were sofas, cabinets and dining tables, which accounted for approximately 50%, 15% and 10% of sales, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2016; and 40%, 14% and 13% of sales, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2015.
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Of the $5.05 million increase in net sales in the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to the same period of 2015, $4.20 million was attributable to sales in markets other than China, principally as a result of increased sales in North America. North American sales increased 14% to $17.22 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $15.12 million in the same period of 2015, as we aggressively expanded sales to the U.S. and Canadian markets and continued to integrate the operations of Bright Swallow. As part of our gradual change in sales and marketing strategy launched in 2012, we increased marketing efforts in the U.S. markets while maintaining our marketing efforts and existing customer base in Europe. Sales to Europe were $3.90 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, an increase of 61% from $2.42 million in the same period of 2015, primarily as a result of the improving European economy. We anticipate increasing sales and marketing to the European market as the region’s economic outlook improves. Sales to Australia increased to $0.77 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $0.03 million in the same period of 2015, primarily due to the increase in sales order from customers in that region. Sales to Asia, excluding China and Hong Kong, decreased 32% to $0.45 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $0.67 million in the same period of 2015, primarily due to the decrease of sales orders from our major customers in Asia. In China, we generated internet sales in the amount of $0.27 million, comparing with $0 in the same period of 2015.
Sales to China, which included sales to franchisees in addition to wholesalers and agents to domestic retail stores and distributors for the export market, accounted for 17% of sales in the three months ended March 31, 2016, which had approximately the same percentage as in the same period of 2015. Sales to franchisees selling our branded products in China contributed approximately $0.06 million or 1% of our total China sales in the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $0.40 million or 11% in the same period of 2015. We are currently in the process of adopting new image standards as well as product lines for our franchise operations that will take time to develop. First, through our production line, we intend to produce some products made from marble material. Second, we intend to import a range of additional products from the U.S. or Europe. We also intend to enrich our product lines to include a bedroom series, which would include beds, bed side tables, mattresses (which could be imported or purchased in China) and bedding sets including bed sheets, pillowcases, quilt covers, and other items (which can be purchased within China). Overall sales to China increased 23% to $4.62 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to $3.77 million in the same period of 2015 as a result of increased sales from our subsidiary, Ding Nuo, to IKEA.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales consists primarily of finished goods purchased from other manufacturers, material costs, labor costs and related overhead directly attributable to the production of our products. Total cost of sales increased 28% to $22.94 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $17.96 million in the same period of 2015, due primarily to an increase in purchases of products from third party manufacturers. Cost of sales for products that we manufactured was $4.08 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, a 1% increase from $4.05 million in the same period of 2015, primarily as a result of a slight increase in the volume of our products manufactured by Nova Dongguan, arising from increased sales orders from our wholesalers and agents for domestic Chinese retailers. Material costs, labor costs and related overhead accounted for 77%, 14% and 9% of the cost of sales for such products in the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to 67%, 23% and 10% in the same period of 2015, respectively. The cost of products purchased from third party manufacturers increased 36% to $18.86 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, from $13.91 million in the same period of 2015. The increase of products purchased from third party manufacturers is primarily due to increased sales orders, particularly since Diamond Bar and Nova Macao are furniture wholesale companies, meaning that nearly all of their inventories are purchased from outside manufacturers. Cost of sales as a percentage of sales increased to 85% in the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to 82% in the same period of 2015. The increase in cost of sales as a percentage of sales from the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to the same period during 2015 resulted primarily from increased cost of products purchased from third party manufacturers.
Gross Profit
Gross profit increased 1.74% to $4.14 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $4.07 million in the same period of 2015. The increase in gross profit resulted primarily from an increase in net sales. Our gross profit margin decreased to 15% in the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to 18% in the same period of 2015. The decrease in gross profit margin resulted primarily from increased cost of sales as a percentage of net sales, which was due primarily to an increased cost of products purchased from third parties, namely, our suppliers increased their sales prices which resulted in higher purchase prices charged to us for these products; in addition, we attracted more sales orders from certain big trading company customers by lowering the sales price to them.
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Operating Expenses
Operating expenses consist of selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses. Operating expenses were $3.76 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $3.18 million in the same period of 2015. Selling expenses increased 48% to $1.88 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, from $1.27 million in the same period of 2015, due primarily to increased sales and marketing expense. General and administrative expense decreased slightly 2% to $1.88 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, from $1.91 million in the same period of 2015.
Other Income (Expenses), Net
Other expenses, net was $162,154 in the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared with other income, net, of $925,785 in the same period of 2015, meaning a decrease in other income of $1.09 million. The decrease in other income was due primarily to a change in fair value of warrant liability which was decreased to $0 in the three months ended March 31, 2016 from $972,645 as income in the same period of 2015, following the termination and surrender of the underlying warrants in May 2015. Change in the fair value of warrant liability is the amount of total fair value gains or losses relating to warrant liabilities held during and at the reporting date. The primary factor that caused material changes in the fair value of the warrant liability is our stock price.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense was $127,233 in the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared with $196,209 in the same period of 2015. The decrease in income tax expense was mainly due to decreased taxable income.
Net Income
Net income was $0.10 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, a decrease of 94% from $1.62 million of net income for the same period of 2015. This decrease was mainly due to no gain on the change in the fair value of warrant liability in the three months ended March 31, 2016 from $0.97 million income in the same period of 2015, and an increased cost of sales by 28% for the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to the same period of 2015, primarily as a result of increased purchases of products from third party manufacturers. Our net profit margin was 0.36% in the three months ended March 31, 2016, a decrease of 88% from 3% for the same period of 2015 after excluding the income on change in fair value of warrant liability of $972,645.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal demands for liquidity are from our efforts to increase sales in the U.S. and China, to purchase inventory, and for expenditures related to sales distribution and general corporate purposes. We intend to meet our liquidity requirements, including capital expenditures related to the expansion of our manufacturing facilities and production capacity, purchase of raw materials and the expansion of our business, primarily through cash flow provided by operations and collections of accounts receivable, and credit facilities from banks.
As we continue to execute our growth strategy focused on aggressively expanding sales, particularly in the U.S. and China, we remain focused on improving net margins and bottom line growth. As noted above, while a particular focus in this regard is on reducing reliance on lower margin third party manufacturing and expansion of our own higher margin production facilities, we have in recent periods found it necessary to increase reliance on third party providers in order to meet demand for particular products required by certain of our customers. We also believe there is elasticity in pricing our higher end products and an ongoing opportunity to improve our product mix which should help us to stay in step with cost increases. We further believe that increased direct sales in China, including the start-up of an internet sales platform for us to take internet orders in China, will positively impact profitability.
We rely primarily on internally generated cash flow and proceeds under our existing credit facilities to support growth. We may seek additional financing in the form of bank loans or other credit facilities or funds raised through future offerings of our equity or debt, if and when we determine such offerings are required. On April 14, 2014, we raised approximately $8.12 million after deducting fees to the placement agent of $716,000 and other estimated offering expenses of $115,000 by entering into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain purchasers in a registered direct offering. On May 28, 2015, we raised approximately $3.65 million after deducting fees to the placement agent of $335,000 and other offering expenses paid of $20,000 by entering into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain purchasers in a registered direct offering.
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We had net working capital of $50,078,605 at March 31, 2016, an increase of $1,450,731 from net working capital of $48,627,874 at December 31, 2015. The ratio of current assets to current liabilities was 3.51-to-1 at March 31, 2016.
The following is a summary of cash provided by or used in each of the indicated types of activities during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015:

|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Cash (used in) provided by: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  | $ | (522,964 | ) |  | $ | (86,883 | )
Investing activities |  |  | (44,777 | ) |  |  | (627,548 | )
Financing activities |  |  | 637,230 |  |  |  | 786,431 |

Net cash used in operating activities was $0.52 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, an increase of cash outflow of $0.43 million from $0.09 million of cash used in operating activities in the same period of 2015. The increase in cash outflow was attributable primarily to decreased net income of $0.10 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $1.62 million in the same period of 2015 and increased cash outflow of $0.69 million for payment for accrued expenses and other payables, compared with $0.59 million outflow in the same period of 2015. Also, our cash outflow for advance payments to suppliers was $6.74 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $2.23 million inflow in the same period of 2015 due to prepayment for inventory purchase for a new and large sales order received, despite cash inflow from accounts receivable of $1.87 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared with cash inflow of $0.40 million in the same period of 2015 resulting from improved timely collection on accounts receivable, cash inflow from inventories of $0.69 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared with cash outflow of $2.27 million in the same period of 2015, and cash inflow from accounts payable of $2.37 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared with cash outflow of $1.67 million in the same period of 2015.
Net cash used in investing activities was $0.04 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, a decrease of cash outflow of $0.59 million from $0.63 million in the same period of 2015. In the three months ended March 31, 2016, we paid $0.04 million for the acquisition of property and equipment. In the same period of 2015, we paid government levies of $0.19 million in relation to acquisition of land use rights, $0.32 million for acquisition of property and equipment, and $0.11 million for construction in progress for our website and mobile application designs.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.64 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016, a decrease of $0.15 million from cash inflow of $0.79 million in the same period of 2015. In the three months ended March 31, 2016, we repaid $10.25 million for bank loans, but borrowed $10.88 million from bank loans. In the same period of 2015, we repaid $8.52 million for bank loans, but borrowed $9.31 million from bank loans.
As of March 31, 2016, we had gross accounts receivable of $49,116,071, of which $34,627,389 was not yet past due, $13,979,097 was less than 90 days past due, and $509,585 was over 90 days but within 180 days past due. We had an allowance for bad debt of $458,959 for accounts receivable. As of May 6, 2016, $5,741,298 accounts receivable outstanding at March 31, 2016 had been collected.
As of May 6, 2016, $27,595,136, or 54.2%, of gross accounts receivable outstanding at December 31, 2015 had been collected. Of the remaining $23,341,465, $10,875,693 was not yet past due, $12,436,545 was less than 90 days past due, and $29,227 was over 90 days but within 180 days past due.
As of March 31, 2016, the annualized accounts receivable turnover rate was 2.19 compared with 2.06 as of March 31, 2015. The increase of accounts receivable turnover rate was due to the Company’s increased effort and manpower on monitoring the accounts receivable in order to improve the collection. Accordingly, the days sales outstanding (annualized) was 167 days at March 31, 2016, compared to 177 days at March 31, 2015.
The inventory turnover rate was 18.68 at March 31, 2016, compared with 15.15 at March 31, 2015. The increase of inventory turnover rate was due to the sales volume increase of 7% in the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared with the same period of 2015.
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To attract franchisees to our new franchise network in 2010, we granted new store operators a payment term of 90 days for accounts receivable. We have a short history of collections with franchisees, but based on subsequent collections, we expect full payment. Our management assesses the financial position, credit quality, credit history and other factors such as current market conditions before entering into product franchise agreements with new store operators to help ensure each franchisee’s ability to make payment in a timely manner. We retain the right to review and assess the performance of franchisees annually under the product franchise agreement, enabling our termination of franchises that fail to meet certain performance targets or make payments on product orders. Our product franchise agreement required payment in full before delivery for most franchise customers, but provided 60 – 120 day credit terms to certain major and long-term customers. Beginning in 2014, we extended payment terms of up to 180 days for our customers in the PRC in order to attract more sales.
Sales to international markets typically are made through letters of credit, but for some long-term, high volume customers, we accept telegraphic transfer, or T/T, with a payment term of 30-180 days upon receipt of the products. Historically, we have not experienced bad debts from our sales to international markets. Our accounts receivable related to sales to international markets, including the Canadian market through Bright Swallow’s sales, typically are less than three months, depending on customer shipment schedules. We expect the balance of accounts receivable to decrease as our new sales strategy and shortened payment terms to our major customers in the international markets take effect along with our new payment terms for franchisees.
Diamond Bar gives 30-60 day payment terms to customers who are approved for Account Receivable coverage by our credit insurance company. In most cases, Diamond Bar provides 30 day payment terms to most of the customers and 60 day payment terms for certain big customers with outstanding payment histories. Beginning in 2014, Diamond Bar extended payment terms of up to 180 days for certain new customers and major customers in order to maintain good relationships and to attract new major accounts.
Private Placements
On April 14, 2014, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “2014 Purchase Agreement”) with certain purchasers (the “Buyers”) pursuant to which we sold to the Buyers, in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 1,320,059 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, at a negotiated purchase price of $6.78 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds to us of $8.95 million, before deducting fees to the placement agent of $716,000 and other estimated offering expenses of $20,000 payable by us.
As part of the transaction, the Buyers also received (i) Series A warrants to purchase up to 660,030 shares of Common Stock in the aggregate at an exercise price of $8.48 per share (the “Series A Warrants”); (ii) Series B warrants to purchase up to 633,628 shares of Common Stock in the aggregate at an exercise price of $6.82 per share (the “Series B Warrants”); and (iii) Series C warrants to purchase up to 310,478 shares of Common Stock in the aggregate at an exercise price of $8.53 per share (the “Series C Warrants” and together with the Series A Warrants and the Series B Warrants, the “Warrants”). The Series A Warrants had a term of four years and were exercisable by the holders at any time after the date of issuance. The Series B Warrants had a term of six months and were exercisable by the holders at any time after the date of issuance. The Series C Warrants had a term of four years and were exercisable by the holders at any time after the date of issuance. After the six month anniversary of the issuance date of the Series C Warrants, to the extent that a holder of Series C Warrant had exercised less than 70% of such holder’s Series B Warrants and the closing sale price of the Common Stock was equal to or greater than $9.81 for a period of ten consecutive trading days, then we were entitled to purchase the entire then-remaining portion of such holder’s Series C Warrants for $1,000. The shares and warrants were registered on a takedown of our shelf registration statement described below. The Series B Warrants expired on October 14, 2014, and none of the Series B Warrants were exercised prior to such expiration.
On May 28, 2015, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “2015 Purchase Agreement”) with certain purchasers (the “Purchasers”) pursuant to which we offered to the Purchasers, in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 2,970,509 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share. 2,000,001 shares of the common stock were sold to the Purchasers at a negotiated purchase price of $2.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds to us of $4,000,002, before deducting fees to the placement agent and other estimated offering expenses payable by us. In accordance with the terms of the 2015 Purchase Agreement, the outstanding Series A Warrants described above and issued in connection with the transactions contemplated by the 2014 Purchase Agreement were exchanged for 660,030 shares of our Common Stock, and the outstanding Series C Warrants described above and issued in connection with the transactions contemplated by the 2014 Purchase Agreement were exchanged for 310,478 Shares of our Common Stock.
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As contemplated under the 2015 Purchase Agreement and pursuant to a concurrent private placement, we also sold to the Purchasers a warrant to purchase one share of our Common Stock for each share purchased for cash in the offering, pursuant to that certain Common Stock Purchase Warrant, by and between us and each Purchaser (the “2015 Warrants”). The 2015 Warrants are exercisable beginning on the six month anniversary of the date of issuance (the “Initial Exercise Date”) at an exercise price of $2.71 per share and will expire on the five year anniversary of the Initial Exercise Date. The purchase price of one share of our Common Stock under the 2015 Warrants is equal to the exercise price.
Lines of Credit
Diamond Bar entered into an agreement with a bank in California for a line of credit of up to $5,000,000 with annual interest of 4.25% and maturity on June 1, 2015. On June 8, 2015, the bank extended and modified the terms of the loan agreement to extend the line of credit up to a maximum of $6,000,000 until July 31, 2015 and $5,000,000 thereafter with an annual interest rate of 4.25% and maturity on September 1, 2015 (the term of which the bank allowed to extend until the renewal described in the following sentence while the bank conducted its own audit associated therewith). On September 28, 2015, Diamond Bar extended the line of credit up to a maximum of $6,000,000 with annual interest of 3.75% (4% from December 17, 2015) and maturity on June 1, 2017. On January 20, 2016, Diamond Bar increased the line of credit up to a maximum of $8,000,000 with annual interest of 3.5%. The line of credit is secured by all of the assets of Diamond Bar and is guaranteed by Nova LifeStyle. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Diamond Bar had $5,974,936 and $5,659,357 outstanding on the line of credit, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, we recorded interest expense of $52,706 and $47,963, respectively. As of March 31, 2016, we had $2,025,064 available for borrowing without violating any covenants.
The Diamond Bar loan has the following covenants: (i) maintain a minimum tangible net worth of not less than $10 million; (ii) maintain a ratio of debt to tangible net worth not in excess of 2.500 to 1.000; (iii) the pre-tax income must be not less than 1.000% of total revenue quarterly; and (iv) maintain a current ratio in excess of 1.250 to 1.000. As of March 31, 2016, Diamond Bar was in compliance with the stated covenants. In addition, the loan agreement provides for a cross default provision whereby an event of default on this loan will cause the Nova Macao loan, which is described below, to also be in default, as both loans are from the same lender.
On April 25, 2012, Nova Dongguan entered into an agreement with a commercial bank in Dongguan for a line of credit of up to $3,095,400 (RMB 20 million) with maturity on April 24, 2015. On November 20, 2014, we paid off the line of credit and entered into a new agreement with a reduced line of credit of up to $1,547,700 (RMB 10 million) with a maturity on May 19, 2015. On May 5, 2015, Nova Dongguan extended the line of credit of $541,695 (RMB 3.5 million) and $1,006,005 (RMB 6.5 million) with maturities on September 6, 2015 and October 18, 2015, respectively. On September 21, 2015, Nova Dongguan paid off the lines of credit and entered into a new agreement with an increased line of credit of up to $3,095,400 (RMB 20 million) for a period up to September 20, 2018. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Nova Dongguan had $3,095,400 (RMB 20.0 million) and $2,756,560 (RMB 17.9 million) outstanding, respectively. The loan of $1,996,533 (RMB 12.9 million) currently bears monthly interest of 0.47533% and requires monthly payment of the interest. The loan is due for repayment on September 24, 2016. On November 10, 2015, we borrowed an additional $773,850 (RMB 5.0 million), which bore monthly interest of 0.47125% and requires monthly payment of the interest with maturity date on November 9, 2016. On January 26, 2016, Nova Dongguan borrowed an additional $325,017 (RMB 2.1 million), which bore monthly interest of 0.47125% and requires monthly payment of the interest with maturity date on January 25, 2017. The loans are secured by the buildings of Nova Dongguan and are guaranteed by our CEO. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, we recorded interest expense of $42,771 and $27,370, respectively, related to the applicable line of credit agreements. As of March 31, 2016, we had $0 available for borrowing without violating any covenants.
On January 22, 2015, Nova Macao renewed a line of credit, with an annual interest rate of 4.25% and principal of up to $6,500,000, with a commercial bank in Hong Kong to extend the maturity date to January 29, 2016. On February 16, 2016, Nova Macao extended the maturity date of line of credit to January 31, 2017, with an annual interest rate of 4% and principal of up to $6,500,000. The loan requires monthly payment of interest and that the interest rate will be adjusted annually. The loan was secured by assignment of Sinosure (China Export and Credit Insurance Company) credit insurance and is guaranteed by Nova LifeStyle and Diamond Bar. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Nova Macao had $1,848,000 outstanding on the line of credit. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, we paid interest of $19,728 and $19,635, respectively. As of March 31, 2016, we had $4,652,000 available for borrowing without violating any covenants.
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The Nova Macao loan has the following covenants: (i) total outstanding under working capital advance shall not exceed the lesser of (a) the credit commitment of $6,500,000, (b) insurance claim limits and (c) borrowing base allowed of 80% advance rate against certain eligible accounts receivable; (ii) eligible accounts receivable are insured buyers by Sinosure assigned to the bank and within established insurance limit; (iii) the bank has an absolute right to exclude any portion of the accounts receivable from the aging report for computation of the borrowing base as it deems fit; (iv) in case the aggregate outstanding amount of credit facilities exceeds the available amount of facilities conferred by the aforesaid computation of borrowing base, the excess amount shall be settled within 7 days by Nova Macao. As of March 31, 2016, Nova Macao was in compliance with the stated covenants.
Shelf Registration; Resale Registration Statement
On February 20, 2014, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 under which we may, from time to time, sell securities in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $60,000,000. The shelf registration statement was declared effective as of March 7, 2014 and expires on March 6, 2017. As noted above, the shares and warrants issued by us under the registered direct offerings completed in April 2014 and May 2015, were registered on takedowns under the shelf registration.
On July 21, 2015, we filed a resale registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC to provide for the resale of the shares of our Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the 2015 Warrants. The Form S-3 was declared effective by the SEC on July 31, 2015.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
There are no off-balance sheet arrangements between us and any other entity that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to shareholders.
We have not entered into any other financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as stockholders’ equity or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Not required.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2016, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of such date as identified in our internal control over financial reporting below.
Notwithstanding this material weakness, our management has concluded that, based upon the interim remediation of internal control described below under “Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting”, our consolidated financial statements for the periods covered by and included in this report are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and fairly present, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for each of the periods presented herein.
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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2016, based upon the updated framework in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in 1992 and updated in May 2013. Based on this assessment, our management concluded that, as of March 31, 2016, there is a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. Specifically, we currently lack sufficient accounting personnel with the appropriate level of knowledge, experience and training in U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements.
We have taken, and are taking, certain actions to remediate the material weakness related to our lack of U.S. GAAP experience. We plan to hire additional credentialed professional staff and consulting professionals with greater knowledge and experience of U.S. GAAP and related regulatory requirements to oversee our financial reporting process in order to ensure our compliance with U.S. GAAP and other relevant securities laws. For example, we have interviewed several candidates for a Vice President of Finance position and we are still in the process of searching for an acceptable candidate. In addition, we provided additional training to our accounting personnel on U.S. GAAP, and other regulatory requirements regarding the preparation of financial statements in 2015. Until such time as we hire qualified accounting personnel with the requisite U.S. GAAP knowledge and experience and train our current accounting personnel, we have engaged an outside CPA with U.S. GAAP knowledge and experience to supplement our current internal accounting personnel and assist us in the preparation of our financial statements to ensure that our financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition to the above stated remediation plan we previously engaged an outside Sarbanes-Oxley Act consultant in March 2012 to assist us with improving the design and operations of our internal controls over financial reporting for our U.S. parent company and all subsidiaries.
We believe the measures described above will remediate the material weakness identified above. As we continue to evaluate and work to improve our internal control over financial reporting, we may determine that additional measures are necessary to address control any future deficiencies.
Other than as described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2016, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We may occasionally become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties and an adverse result in these or other matters that may arise from time to time could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.
Item 6. Exhibits
See the Exhibit Index following the signature page to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a list of exhibits filed or furnished with this report, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | NOVA LIFESTYLE, INC.
|  | (Registrant)
Date: May 16, 2016 | By: | /s/ Ya Ming Wong |
|  | Ya Ming Wong Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: May 16, 2016 |  | /s/ Yuen Ching Ho |
|  | Yuen Ching Ho Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No. |  | Document Description
31.1 † |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 † |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1 ‡ |  | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as signed by the Chief Executive Officer
32.2 ‡ |  | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as signed by the Chief Financial Officer
101.INS† |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH† |  | XBRL Schema Document
101.CAL† |  | XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF† |  | XBRL Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB† |  | XBRL Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE† |  | XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document

† Filed herewith
‡ Furnished herewith
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