<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001193125-19-047836.txt : 20190222
<SEC-HEADER>0001193125-19-047836.hdr.sgml : 20190222
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20190222093003
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001193125-19-047836
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	DEF 14A
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		7
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20190329
FILED AS OF DATE:		20190222
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20190222
EFFECTIVENESS DATE:		20190222

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ABERDEEN AUSTRALIA EQUITY FUND INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000779336
		IRS NUMBER:				133304681
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			MD
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1031

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		DEF 14A
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	811-04438
		FILM NUMBER:		19624130

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1735 MARKET STREET
		STREET 2:		32ND FLOOR
		CITY:			PHILADELPHIA
		STATE:			PA
		ZIP:			19103
		BUSINESS PHONE:		215-405-5700

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1735 MARKET STREET
		STREET 2:		32ND FLOOR
		CITY:			PHILADELPHIA
		STATE:			PA
		ZIP:			19103

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	FIRST AUSTRALIA FUND INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19920703
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>DEF 14A
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>d697253ddef14a.htm
<DESCRIPTION>DEF 14A
<TEXT>
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>DEF 14A</TITLE>
</HEAD>
 <BODY BGCOLOR="WHITE">
 <P STYLE="line-height:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="line-height:3px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="3"><B>UNITED STATES </B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="3"><B>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="3"><B>Washington, D.C. 20549 </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="6"><B>SCHEDULE 14A </B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="3"><B>SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section&nbsp;14(a) of </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 (Amendment No.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;) </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Filed by the Registrant<B></B>
&#9746;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:4px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Filed by a Party other than the Registrant &#9744; </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Check the appropriate box: </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Preliminary Proxy Statement </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B></B>&#9744;<B></B><B></B></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-6(e)(2))</FONT>
</B></FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&#9746;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Definitive Proxy Statement </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Definitive Additional Materials </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Soliciting Material Pursuant to <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#167;240.14a-12</FONT> </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Global Income Fund, Inc. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Australia Equity Fund, Inc. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="line-height:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter) </FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="line-height:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy
Statement, if other than the Registrant) </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box): </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:4px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&#9746;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">No fee required. </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14a-6(i)(1)</FONT> and
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">0-11.</FONT> </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies: </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="line-height:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;margin-left:7%;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies: </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="line-height:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;margin-left:7%;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(3)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">0-11</FONT>
(set forth the amount on which the filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined): </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="line-height:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;margin-left:7%;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(4)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction: </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="line-height:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;margin-left:7%;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(5)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Total fee paid: </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="line-height:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;margin-left:7%;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Fee paid previously with preliminary materials. </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">0-11(a)(2)</FONT> and identify
the filing for which the offsetting fee was paid previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the Form or Schedule and the date of its filing. </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Amount Previously Paid: </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="line-height:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;margin-left:7%;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Form, Schedule or Registration Statement No.: </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="line-height:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;margin-left:7%;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(3)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Filing Party: </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="line-height:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;margin-left:7%;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(4)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Date Filed: </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="line-height:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;margin-left:7%;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="line-height:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="line-height:3px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>

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<IMG SRC="g697253g42g73.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>ABERDEEN ASIA-PACIFIC INCOME FUND, INC. </B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>ABERDEEN GLOBAL INCOME FUND, INC. </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>ABERDEEN AUSTRALIA EQUITY FUND, INC. </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px; " ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>1735 Market
Street, 32<FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT> Floor </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Philadelphia, PA 19103 </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>To be held on March&nbsp;29, 2019 </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">TO THE SHAREHOLDERS: </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%;padding-bottom:0px; " ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN
that the annual meeting of shareholders of each of Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Global Income Fund, Inc. and Aberdeen Australia Equity Fund, Inc. (each, a &#147;Fund,&#148; and collectively, the &#147;Funds&#148;) (each meeting,
an &#147;Annual Meeting,&#148; and collectively, the &#147;Annual Meetings&#148;) will be held at the offices of Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. (formerly Aberdeen Asset Management Inc.) located at 1735 Market Street, 32</FONT><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19103,<B> </B>on the following dates and at
the following times: </FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc. (NYSE MKT: &#147;FAX&#148;)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">March&nbsp;29,&nbsp;2019</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">10:00&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp;eastern&nbsp;time</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Australia Equity Fund, Inc. (NYSE MKT: &#147;IAF&#148;)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">March&nbsp;29,&nbsp;2019</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">10:30 a.m. eastern time</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Global Income Fund, Inc. (NYSE MKT: &#147;FCO&#148;)</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">March&nbsp;29,&nbsp;2019</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">11:00 a.m. eastern time</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">The purpose of the Annual Meetings is to consider and act upon the following proposal
(each a &#147;Proposal&#148;) for each Fund, as applicable, and to consider and act upon such other matters as may properly come before the Annual Meetings or any adjournments or postponements thereof: </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Proposal: Election of Common Share Directors </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX &#151; To elect two Class&nbsp;I Directors, each to serve for a three-year term. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FCO &#151; To elect two Class&nbsp;III Directors, each to serve for a three-year term. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">IAF &#151; To elect two Class&nbsp;I Directors, each to serve for a three-year term. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Proposal is discussed in greater detail in the enclosed Joint Proxy Statement. You are entitled to notice of, and to
vote at, the Annual Meeting of a Fund if you owned shares of such Fund at the close of business on February&nbsp;6, 2019 (the &#147;Record Date&#148;). If you attend the Annual Meetings, you may vote your shares in person. Even if you expect to
attend the Annual Meetings, please complete, date, sign and return the enclosed proxy card(s) in the enclosed postage-paid envelope or authorize your proxy by telephone or through the Internet. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">We will admit to an Annual Meeting (1)&nbsp;all shareholders of record on the Record Date, (2)&nbsp;persons holding proof
of beneficial ownership at the Record Date, such as a letter or account statement from the person&#146;s broker, (3)&nbsp;persons who have been granted proxies, and (4)&nbsp;such other persons that we, in our sole discretion, may elect to admit. All
persons wishing to be admitted to an Annual Meeting must present photo identification. If you plan to attend an Annual Meeting, we ask that you call us in advance at <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">1-800-522-5465.</FONT></FONT></FONT> </FONT></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">This notice and related proxy materials are first being mailed to
shareholders on or about February&nbsp;15, 2019. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy
Materials for the Annual Meetings of Shareholders to Be Held on March&nbsp;29, 2019: This Notice, the Joint Proxy Statement and the form of proxy cards are available on the Internet at
http://<U><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">www.aberdeenstandard.com/en-us/cefinvestorcenter</FONT></U>. On this website, you will be able to access the Notice, the Joint Proxy Statement, the form of proxy card(s) and any amendments or supplements to
the foregoing material that are required to be furnished to shareholders. </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">By order of the Boards of Directors, </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">


<IMG SRC="g697253g41h23.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Megan Kennedy, Vice President and Secretary </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Global Income Fund, Inc. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Australia Equity Fund, Inc. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="justify"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>WHETHER OR NOT YOU PLAN TO ATTEND THE ANNUAL MEETINGS IN PERSON, IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOUR SHARES BE REPRESENTED AND VOTED AT THE ANNUAL MEETINGS. ACCORDINGLY, YOU ARE REQUESTED TO PLEASE DATE, SIGN
AND RETURN THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD(S) FOR THE ANNUAL MEETINGS PROMPTLY, OR TO AUTHORIZE THE PROXY VOTE BY TELEPHONE OR THROUGH THE INTERNET PURSUANT TO THE INSTRUCTIONS ON THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD. NO POSTAGE IS REQUIRED IF MAILED IN THE UNITED
STATES. IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOUR PROXY CARD(S) BE RETURNED PROMPTLY IN ORDER TO AVOID THE ADDITIONAL EXPENSE OF FURTHER SOLICITATION. </B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">February&nbsp;15, 2019 </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania </FONT></P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>ABERDEEN ASIA-PACIFIC INCOME FUND, INC. (&#147;FAX&#148;) </B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>ABERDEEN GLOBAL INCOME FUND, INC. (&#147;FCO&#148;) </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>ABERDEEN AUSTRALIA EQUITY FUND, INC. (&#147;IAF&#148;) </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>(each, a
&#147;Fund&#148; and collectively, the &#147;Funds&#148;) </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px; " ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>1735 Market Street, 32<FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT> Floor </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Philadelphia, PA 19103 </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P><center>
<P STYLE="line-height:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>JOINT PROXY
STATEMENT </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P><center> <P STYLE="line-height:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;width:21%">&nbsp;</P></center>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">For the Annual Meetings of Shareholders </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">each to be held on March&nbsp;29, 2019 </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%;padding-bottom:0px; " ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">This
Joint Proxy Statement is furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies by each Fund&#146;s Board of Directors (each, a &#147;Board,&#148; and collectively, the &#147;Boards,&#148; with members of each Board being referred to as
&#147;Directors&#148;) to be voted at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders of each Fund (each, a &#147;Meeting,&#148; and collectively, the &#147;Meetings&#148;) to be held at the offices of Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. (&#147;ASI&#148; formerly
Aberdeen Asset Management Inc.) located at 1735 Market Street, 32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19103, on Friday, March&nbsp;29, 2019 and at any adjournments or postponements thereof. A Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders and a proxy card (the &#147;Proxy&#148;)
accompany this Joint Proxy Statement. This Joint Proxy Statement is first being mailed to shareholders on or about February&nbsp;15, 2019. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%;padding-bottom:0px; " ALIGN="justify"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">All properly executed proxies received prior to a Meeting will be voted at the Meeting, or at any adjournments thereof, in accordance with the instructions marked on the Proxy. Unless instructions to the
contrary are marked on the Proxy, Proxies received will be voted<B> &#147;FOR&#148;</B> each Proposal (as defined below). The persons named as proxy holders on the Proxy will vote in their discretion on any other matters that may properly come
before each Meeting or any adjournments or postponements thereof. Any Proxy may be revoked at any time prior to its exercise by submitting a properly executed, subsequently dated Proxy, giving written notice to Megan Kennedy, Secretary of the
Fund(s), 1735 Market Street, 32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19103,<B> </B>or by attending the Meeting and voting in person. Shareholders may authorize proxy voting by using the enclosed Proxy along with the enclosed envelope with <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">pre-paid</FONT> postage.
Shareholders may also authorize proxy voting by telephone or through the internet by following the instructions contained on their Proxy. Shareholders do not have dissenter&#146;s rights of appraisal in connection with any of the matters to be voted
on by the shareholders at each Meeting. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">The presence at each Meeting, in person or by proxy, of the
shareholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at the Meeting on any matter shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. For purposes of determining the presence of a quorum
at a Meeting, withheld votes and broker <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#145;non-votes&#146;</FONT> (that is, proxies from brokers or nominees indicating that such persons have not received instructions from the beneficial owner or other persons
entitled to vote shares on a particular Proposal with respect to which the brokers or nominees do not have discretionary power) will be treated as shares that are present at the Meeting. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">With regard to the Proposal for FAX and FCO, the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast at a meeting at which a
quorum is present is necessary for the election of a common share Director, provided that, for each Fund, if the number of nominees for Director, as determined by the Secretary of the Fund, exceeds the number of Directors to be elected, the common
share Directors shall be elected by the vote of a plurality of the shares represented in person or by proxy at any such </FONT></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">1 </FONT></P>


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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">
meeting and entitled to vote on the election of Directors. With regard to the Proposal for IAF, the vote of a plurality of all the votes cast at a meeting at which a quorum is present is
necessary for the election of a common share Director. For purposes of the election of Directors for FAX and FCO, withheld votes and broker <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#145;non-votes&#146;</FONT> will not be counted as votes cast and will have
no effect on the result of the vote. For purposes of the election of Directors for IAF, withheld votes will not be counted as votes cast and will have no effect on the result of the vote, but broker
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#145;non-votes&#146;</FONT> will be voted &#147;FOR&#148; the Proposal. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Board has adopted certain corporate governance guidelines for each Fund which include (i)&nbsp;a resignation policy
which generally provides that (notwithstanding the plurality voting standard for IAF) an Independent Director, in an uncontested election, who does not receive a majority of votes &#147;FOR&#148; his or her election at a meeting of shareholders
shall be deemed to have tendered his or her resignation, subject to a Board&#146;s acceptance or rejection of such resignation, which Board determination will be disclosed publicly to Fund shareholders; (ii)&nbsp;a policy requiring that after an
Independent Director has served on the Board for three consecutive terms of three years following the later of (a)&nbsp;engagement of the existing investment manager of the Fund or (b)&nbsp;the Independent Director&#146;s election to the Board, the
Independent Director will be put forth for consideration by shareholders annually; and (iii)&nbsp;a policy whereby newly appointed directors will be submitted for consideration at the next regular shareholder meeting. With respect to clause
(ii)&nbsp;above, Independent Directors currently serving on the Boards will be submitted to stockholders for consideration of continuation as a director on an annual basis beginning at the first annual meeting following the end of each such Board
member&#146;s three-year term in office after the end of such Independent Director&#146;s current term. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">If a
quorum is not present in person or by proxy at the time a Meeting is called to order, the chairman of the Meeting may adjourn the Meeting. For FAX or FCO, if a quorum is present but there are not sufficient votes to approve the Proposal, the
chairman of the Meeting or the shareholders entitled to vote at such Meeting present in person, by a majority of the votes validly cast, may adjourn the Meeting to permit further solicitation of proxies on that Proposal. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">We will admit to an Annual Meeting (1)&nbsp;all shareholders of record on February&nbsp;6, 2019 (the &#147;Record
Date&#148;), (2) persons holding proof of beneficial ownership at the Record Date, such as a letter or account statement from the person&#146;s broker, (3)&nbsp;persons who have been granted proxies, and (4)&nbsp;such other persons that we, in our
sole discretion, may elect to admit. To gain admittance, if you are a shareholder of record or a proxy holder of a shareholder of record, you must bring a form of personal identification to the Meeting, where your name will be verified against our
shareholder list. If a broker or other nominee holds your shares and you plan to attend the Meeting, you should bring a recent brokerage statement showing your ownership of the shares, as well as a form of personal identification. If you are a
beneficial owner and plan to vote at the Meeting, you should also bring a proxy card from your broker. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each
Board has fixed the close of business on February&nbsp;6, 2019 as the Record Date for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, each Meeting and at any adjournment or postponement thereof. Shareholders on the Record
Date for each Fund will be entitled to one vote for each share held for their respective Meeting. As of the Record Date, the following number of shares of each Fund were issued and outstanding: </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX had outstanding 248,980,612 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share and 2,000,000 shares of preferred
stock, par value $25.00 per share. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FCO had outstanding 8,724,789 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per
share. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">IAF had outstanding 22,742,326 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share. </FONT></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">2 </FONT></P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%;padding-bottom:0px; " ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy
Materials for the Shareholder Meetings to Be Held on Friday, March&nbsp;29, 2019 at 1735 Market Street, 32<FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT> Floor,
Philadelphia, PA 19103. The Proxy Materials and each Fund&#146;s most recent annual report are available on the Internet at <U><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">http://www.aberdeenstandard.com/en-us/cefinvestorcenter</FONT></U>. Each Fund will
furnish, without charge, a copy of its annual report for the fiscal year ended October&nbsp;31, 2018, and any more recent reports, to any Fund shareholder upon request. To request a copy, please write to the Funds c/o Aberdeen Standard Investments
Inc., 1735 Market Street, 32<FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT> Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19103, or call <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">1-800-522-5465.</FONT></FONT></FONT> You may also call for information on how to obtain directions to be able to attend a Meeting and vote in person. </B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>The Proposal: Election of Common Share Directors </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Fund&#146;s bylaws provide that the Fund&#146;s Board be elected by holders of the Fund&#146;s common stock divided into three classes, as nearly equal in number as possible, each of which will serve
for three years, with one class being elected each year. Each year the term of office of one class expires. Directors who are deemed &#147;interested persons&#148; (as that term is defined in Section&nbsp;2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of
1940, as amended (the &#147;1940 Act&#148;)), of each Fund, the Funds&#146; investment manager, Aberdeen Standard Investments (Asia) Limited (formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management Asia Limited) (the &#147;Investment Manager&#148; or
&#147;ASIAL&#148;), the Funds&#146; investment adviser, Aberdeen Standard Investments Australia Limited (formerly known as Aberdeen Asset Management Limited) (the &#147;Investment Adviser&#148; or &#147;ASI Aus&#148;) or, in the case of FAX and FCO,
the investment <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">sub-adviser,</FONT> Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited (the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#147;Sub-Adviser&#148;</FONT> or &#147;AAML&#148;), are referred to in this Joint Proxy Statement as
&#147;Interested Directors.&#148; Directors who are not interested persons, as described above, are referred to in this Joint Proxy Statement as &#147;Independent Directors.&#148; </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Board, including the Independent Directors, upon the recommendation of each Board&#146;s Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee, which is composed entirely of Independent Directors, has nominated the following individuals for election as common share Directors to its Board as follows: </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="54%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc.</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Neville J. Miles (Class I Director, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">3-year</FONT> term ending 2022)</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Moritz Sell (Class I Director, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">3-year</FONT> term ending 2022)</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Global Income Fund, Inc.</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Martin J. Gilbert (Class III Director, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">3-year</FONT> term ending 2022)</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Neville J. Miles (Class III Director, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">3-year</FONT> term ending 2022)</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Australia Equity Fund, Inc.</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Neville J. Miles (Class I Director, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">3-year</FONT> term ending 2022)</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Moritz Sell (Class I Director, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">3-year</FONT> term ending 2022)</FONT></P></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each of the nominees has indicated an intention to serve if elected and has consented to
be named in this Joint Proxy Statement. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">It is the intention of the persons named on the enclosed proxy
card(s) to vote &#147;<B>FOR</B>&#148; the election of the persons indicated above to serve as common share Directors. The Boards know of no reason why any of these nominees will be unable to serve, but in the event of any such inability, the
proxies received will be voted for such substituted nominees as the affected Fund&#146;s Board may recommend. </FONT></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">3 </FONT></P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">The following tables set forth certain information regarding the nominees
for election to the Boards of the Funds, Directors whose terms of office continue beyond the Meetings, and the principal officers of the Funds. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="17%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="31%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000 ; display:table-cell;"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Name, Address and<BR>Year of Birth</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Position(s)<BR>Held&nbsp;with<BR>Fund(s)</B></FONT></P></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Term&nbsp;of&nbsp;Office<BR>and&nbsp;Length&nbsp;of<BR>Time
Served</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Principal Occupation(s)<BR>During&nbsp;the
Past&nbsp;Five&nbsp;Years</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Number&nbsp;of<BR>Portfolios<BR>in
Fund<BR>Complex*<BR>Overseen<BR>by&nbsp;Director</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000">
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Other<BR>Directorships<BR>Held&nbsp;by<BR>Director<BR>During&nbsp;the<BR>Past&nbsp;Five<BR>Years</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="11"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="11" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Independent Nominees for Director:</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Neville&nbsp;J.&nbsp;Miles**&nbsp;&#134;</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">142 Martins Lane</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Knockrow NSW 2479</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Australia</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1946</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">IAF Chairman of the Board; FAX, IAF Class&nbsp;I Director; FCO Class&nbsp;III Director</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>FAX, IAF, FCO Terms expire 2019.</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX,&nbsp;IAF&nbsp;Director since 1996; FCO Director since
1999.</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Mr.&nbsp;Miles is, and has been for over ten years, Chairman of Ballyshaw Pty. Ltd. (share trading, real estate development and investment).</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">28</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">None</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Moritz&nbsp;Sell** &#134;</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">c/o Aberdeen Standard Investments&nbsp;Inc.<BR>1735 Market Street,<BR>32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP
STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Philadelphia,&nbsp;PA&nbsp;19103</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1967</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">IAF, FAX, FCO Class&nbsp;I Director</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>FAX, IAF Term expires 2019.</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">IAF Director <BR>since 2004.</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX/FCO Director since 2018.</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Mr.&nbsp;Sell currently serves as a Principal at Edison Holdings GMBH (commercial real estate and venture Capital) (since October 2015). In addition, Mr.&nbsp;Sell serves as a
Senior Advisor for Markston International LLC,&nbsp;an independent investment manager (since January 2014). Mr.&nbsp;Sell was a director and market strategist of Landesbank Berlin AG (banking) and its predecessor, now holding company, Landesbank
Berlin Holding AG (formerly named Bankgesellschaft Berlin AG) from 1996 to July 2013.</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">3</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Swiss&nbsp;Helvetia Fund&nbsp;(since&nbsp;June 2017), Putnam High Income Securities Fund (since June 2018), Aberdeen Greater China Fund, Inc. (from 2012 to 2018) and
Aberdeen Singapore Fund, Inc. (from 2011 to 2018).</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">4 </FONT></P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="16%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="34%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000 ; display:table-cell;"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Name, Address and<BR>Year of Birth</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Position(s)<BR>Held&nbsp;with<BR>Fund(s)</B></FONT></P></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Term&nbsp;of&nbsp;Office<BR>and&nbsp;Length&nbsp;of<BR>Time
Served</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Principal Occupation(s)<BR>During&nbsp;the
Past&nbsp;Five&nbsp;Years</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Number&nbsp;of<BR>Portfolios<BR>in
Fund<BR>Complex*<BR>Overseen<BR>by&nbsp;Director</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000">
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Other<BR>Directorships<BR>Held&nbsp;by<BR>Director<BR>During&nbsp;the<BR>Past&nbsp;Five<BR>Years</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="11"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="11" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Interested Nominee for Director:</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Martin&nbsp;J.&nbsp;Gilbert&#134;&#134;</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Asset</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Management PLC</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">10&nbsp;Queen&#146;s&nbsp;Terrace</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen, Scotland</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">AB10 1YG</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1955</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO Class&nbsp;III&nbsp;Director; FAX, FCO, IAF Vice President</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>FCO Term expires 2019; </B>FAX Term expires 2021<B></B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO Director since 2001.</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Mr.&nbsp;Gilbert is a founding director and shareholder, and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Co-CEO</FONT> of Standard Life Aberdeen plc since 1983. He was President of the Funds
from February 2004 to March 2008. He was a Director of ASIAL, from 1991 to 2014 and a Director of ASI Aus from 2000 to 2014. He was a Director from 1995 to 2014, and was President from September 2006 to 2014 of Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc.,
the Funds&#146; Administrator. Mr.&nbsp;Gilbert also serves as officer and/or director of various Aberdeen group subsidiary companies, Aberdeen-managed investment trusts and funds&#146; boards.</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">26</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">None</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">5 </FONT></P>


<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="31%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000 ; display:table-cell;"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Name,&nbsp;Address&nbsp;and<BR>Year of Birth</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Position(s)<BR>Held&nbsp;with<BR>Fund(s)</B></FONT></P></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Term&nbsp;of&nbsp;Office<BR>and&nbsp;Length&nbsp;of<BR>Time
Served</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Principal Occupation(s)<BR>During&nbsp;the
Past&nbsp;Five&nbsp;Years</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Number&nbsp;of<BR>Portfolios<BR>in
Fund<BR>Complex*<BR>Overseen<BR>by&nbsp;Director</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000">
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Other<BR>Directorships<BR>Held&nbsp;by<BR>Director<BR>During&nbsp;the<BR>Past&nbsp;Five<BR>Years</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="11"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="11" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Independent Directors whose terms of office continue beyond the Annual
Meeting:</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>P. Gerald Malone** &#134;</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">48 Barmouth Road</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Wandsworth, London</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">SW18 2DP</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">United Kingdom</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1950</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO Chairman of the Board; FAX, IAF Class&nbsp;II Director; FCO Class&nbsp;I Director</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, IAF, FCO Terms&nbsp;expire 2020.</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX Director since 2001; FCO Director since 2005; IAF Director
since 2008.</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Mr.&nbsp;Malone is, by profession, a solicitor of over 40 years standing. As a member of the UK House of Commons, he served as a Minister of State in the United Kingdom Government.
Mr.&nbsp;Malone currently serves as an independent director of Bionik Laboratories Corp., a US healthcare company, specializing in stroke rehabilitation using robotic devices. He is Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Aberdeen Funds, Chairman of
the Board of Directors of Aberdeen Global Dynamic Dividend Fund, Aberdeen Total Dynamic Dividend Fund, Aberdeen Global Premier Properties Fund and Aberdeen Income Credit Strategies Fund. He previously served as Independent Chairman of UK companies
Crescent OTC Ltd (pharmaceutical services) until February 2018; and fluidOil Ltd. (oil services) until June 2018; U.S. company Rejuvenan llc (wellbeing services) until September 2017 and as chairman of UK company Ultrasis plc (healthcare software
services company) until October 2014.</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">32</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">None</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">6 </FONT></P>


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<TD WIDTH="15%"></TD>
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<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
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<TD WIDTH="31%"></TD>
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<TD WIDTH="7%"></TD>
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<TD WIDTH="9%"></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000 ; display:table-cell;"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Name,&nbsp;Address&nbsp;and<BR>Year of Birth</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Position(s)<BR>Held&nbsp;with<BR>Fund(s)</B></FONT></P></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Term&nbsp;of&nbsp;Office<BR>and&nbsp;Length&nbsp;of<BR>Time
Served</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Principal Occupation(s)<BR>During&nbsp;the
Past&nbsp;Five&nbsp;Years</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Number&nbsp;of<BR>Portfolios<BR>in
Fund<BR>Complex*<BR>Overseen<BR>by&nbsp;Director</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000">
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Other<BR>Directorships<BR>Held&nbsp;by<BR>Director<BR>During&nbsp;the<BR>Past&nbsp;Five<BR>Years</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
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<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>William&nbsp;J.&nbsp;Potter**</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">c/o Aberdeen Standard Investments&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">1735 Market Street,</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Philadelphia, PA 19103</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1948</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX Preferred Share Director; IAF Class&nbsp;III Director; FCO Class&nbsp;II Director</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX Preferred Share Term expires 2021 IAF, FCO Terms expire 2021.</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">IAF Director since 1985; FAX Director&nbsp;since 1986; FCO Director since 1992.</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Mr.&nbsp;Potter has been Chairman of Meredith Financial Group (investment management) since 2004, a Director of Alexandria Bancorp (international banking and trustee services) since
1989, a Director of the National Foreign Trade Council (international trade) 1983-2017, director of Hollow Biopharma Ltd (healthcare) since 2018, director and chairman of Arrow Robotics Ltd (technology) since 2018. He also serves on the boards or
advisory boards of a number of private companies and charities including the Queen Elizabeth September 11</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">th</SUP></FONT><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Garden and the National Foundation for Cancer Research. . .</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">3</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">None</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Peter D. Sacks</B>&#134;<B></B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">c/o Aberdeen Standard Investments&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">1735 Market Street,</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Philadelphia, PA 19103</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1945</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX Preferred Share Director; IAF, FCO Class&nbsp;II Director</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX Preferred Share Term expires 2020; IAF Term expires 2020; FCO Term expires 2021.</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FCO Director since 1992; FAX Director since 1993; IAF Director
since 1999.</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Mr.&nbsp;Sacks was a Director and Founding Partner of Toron AMI International Asset Management (investment management) from 1988 to 2015. He is also a Director of Tricon Capital
Inc. in Canada.</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">28</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">None</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">7 </FONT></P>


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<TD WIDTH="15%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="29%"></TD>
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<TD WIDTH="7%"></TD>
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<TD WIDTH="9%"></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000 ; display:table-cell;"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Name,&nbsp;Address&nbsp;and<BR>Year of Birth</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Position(s)<BR>Held&nbsp;with<BR>Fund(s)</B></FONT></P></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Term&nbsp;of&nbsp;Office<BR>and&nbsp;Length&nbsp;of<BR>Time
Served</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Principal Occupation(s)<BR>During&nbsp;the
Past&nbsp;Five&nbsp;Years</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Number&nbsp;of<BR>Portfolios<BR>in
Fund<BR>Complex*<BR>Overseen<BR>by&nbsp;Director</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000">
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Other<BR>Directorships<BR>Held&nbsp;by<BR>Director<BR>During&nbsp;the<BR>Past&nbsp;Five<BR>Years</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="11"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="11" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Interested Directors whose terms of office continue beyond the Annual
Meeting:</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Hugh Young</B>&#134;&#134;<B></B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Standard Investments&nbsp;(Asia)&nbsp;Limited</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">21 Church Street <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">#01-01</FONT></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Capital Square Two</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="justify"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Singapore 049480</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" align="left"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="justify"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1958</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">IAF Class&nbsp;III Director***</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>IAF Term expires 2020.</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">IAF Director since 2000.</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Mr.&nbsp;Young has been a member of the Executive Management Committee and Director of Aberdeen Asset Management PLC since 1991 and 2011, respectively. He has been Managing Director
of Aberdeen Standard Investments (Asia) Limited since 1991.</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">2</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">None</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="line-height:8px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;width:10%">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">*</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Global Income Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Australia Equity Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Emerging Markets
Equity Income Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Japan Equity Fund, Inc., The India Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Income Credit Strategies Fund, Aberdeen Global Dynamic Dividend Fund, Aberdeen Total Dynamic Dividend Fund, Aberdeen Global Premier Properties Fund, Aberdeen
Standard Investments ETFs (which currently consists of five portfolios), Aberdeen Investment Funds (which currently consists of four portfolios) and Aberdeen Funds (which currently consists of 25 portfolios) have a common investment manager and/or
investment adviser, or an investment adviser that is affiliated with the Investment Manager and Investment Adviser, and may thus be deemed to be part of the same &#147;Fund Complex.&#148; </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">**</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&#134;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Member of the Audit and Valuation Committee. </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&#134;&#134;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Deemed to be an Interested Director of the Funds because of his affiliation with the Funds&#146; Investment Manager and Investment Adviser.
</FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE DIRECTORS </B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Board believes that each Director&#146;s experience, qualifications, attributes and skills on an individual basis and
in combination with those of the other Directors lead to the conclusion that the Directors possess the requisite experience, qualifications, attributes and skills to serve on their respective Board. Each Board believes that the Directors&#146;
ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them; to interact effectively with ASIAL, ASI Aus and AAML, as applicable, other service providers, counsel and independent auditors; and to exercise effective
business judgment in the performance of their duties, support this conclusion. Each Board has also considered the contributions that each Director can make to the respective Board on which he serves and to the Fund(s). A Director&#146;s ability to
perform his duties effectively may have been attained through the Director&#146;s executive, business, consulting, and/or legal positions; experience from service as a Director of the Fund(s) and other funds/portfolios in the Aberdeen complex, other
investment funds, public companies, or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-profit</FONT> entities or other organizations; educational background or professional training or practice; and/or other life experiences. In this regard, the following
specific experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills apply as to each Director in addition to the information set forth in the table above: Mr.&nbsp;Gilbert, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Co-Chief</FONT> Executive Officer
</FONT></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">8 </FONT></P>


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<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">
and director roles within the Aberdeen complex, board experience with other public companies and investment trusts; Mr.&nbsp;Young, investment management experience in director and executive
roles within the Aberdeen complex and director experience with other investment management companies; Mr.&nbsp;Malone, legal background and public service leadership experience, board experience with other public and private companies, and executive
and business consulting experience; Mr.&nbsp;Miles, financial services, investment management and executive experience and board experience with various Australian public and private companies; Mr.&nbsp;Potter, financial services, investment
management and merchant banking experience, executive and consulting experience, and board experience with public companies and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-profit</FONT> organizations; Mr.&nbsp;Sacks, accounting background (chartered
accountant in Canada and South Africa), treasury experience in banking organizations, investment management and executive experience; and Mr.&nbsp;Sell, director and executive experience at an investment banking and trading firm and board experience
with another <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">closed-end</FONT> fund outside of the Aberdeen complex. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each
Board believes that the significance of each Director&#146;s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills is an individual matter (meaning that experience important for one Director may not have the same value for another) and that these factors
are best evaluated at the Board level, with no single Director, or particular factor, being indicative of Board effectiveness. In its periodic self-assessment of the effectiveness of the Board, each Board considers the complementary individual
skills and experience of the individual Directors in the broader context of the Board&#146;s overall composition so that the Board, as a body, possesses the appropriate (and appropriately diverse) skills and experience to oversee the business of the
Fund. References to the qualifications, attributes and skills of Directors are presented pursuant to disclosure requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (&#147;SEC&#148;), do not constitute holding out a Board or any Director as having
any special expertise or experience, and shall not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on a Board by reason thereof. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>OFFICERS </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR>
<TD WIDTH="30%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="42%"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000 ; display:table-cell;"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Name, Address and Age</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Positions(s)&nbsp;Held&nbsp;With<BR>Fund(s)</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Term&nbsp;of&nbsp;Office<BR>and Length of<BR>Time Served*</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000">
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Principal&nbsp;Occupation(s)&nbsp;During&nbsp;the&nbsp;Past&nbsp;Five&nbsp;Years</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>


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<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Kenneth Akintewe**</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Standard Investments (Asia) Limited</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">21 Church Street</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">#01-01</FONT> Capital Square Two</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Singapore 049480</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1980</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO Vice President</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since 2014</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Head of Asian Sovereign Debt for Aberdeen Standard Investments (Asia) Limited. Mr.&nbsp;Akintewe joined Aberdeen in 2002.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Joseph Andolina**</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Standard Investments&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">1735 Market St.
32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Philadelphia, PA 19103</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1978</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO, IAF Vice President&nbsp;&#151; Compliance</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since 2017</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Vice President, Head of Conduct and Compliance &#151; Americas and Deputy Chief Risk Officer for Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. Mr.&nbsp;Andolina joined Aberdeen in
2012.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">9 </FONT></P>


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<TD WIDTH="15%"></TD>
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<TD WIDTH="42%"></TD></TR>

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<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000 ; display:table-cell;"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Name, Address and Age</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Positions(s)&nbsp;Held&nbsp;With<BR>Fund(s)</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Term&nbsp;of&nbsp;Office<BR>and Length of<BR>Time Served*</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000">
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Principal&nbsp;Occupation(s)&nbsp;During&nbsp;the&nbsp;Past&nbsp;Five&nbsp;Years</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>


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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Nicholas Bishop**</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Standard Investments Australia&nbsp;Limited</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Level&nbsp;6, 201 Kent St</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Sydney, NSW 2000</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Australia</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1975</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO Vice President</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since 2014</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Head of Fixed Income &#151; Australia for Aberdeen Standard Investments Australia Limited. Mr.&nbsp;Bishop joined Aberdeen in 2007 following Aberdeen&#146;s acquisition
of Deutsche Asset Management (Australia) Limited.</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Jeffrey Cotton**</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Asset&nbsp;Managers Limited</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Bow
Bells House, 1 Bread Street</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">London United Kingdom</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1977</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO, IAF Chief&nbsp;Compliance Officer; Vice President, Compliance</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since&nbsp;2011</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Director, Vice President of Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. and Global Head of Conduct and Compliance for Aberdeen. Mr.&nbsp;Cotton joined Aberdeen in
2010.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Siddharth Dahiya**</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Bow Bells House,
1 Bread Street</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">London United Kingdom</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1981</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO Vice President</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since&nbsp;2017</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Head of Emerging Market Corporate Debt for Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited. Mr.&nbsp;Dahiya joined Aberdeen in 2010.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Thomas Drissner</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Standard Investments (Asia) Limited</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">21 Church Street</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">#01-01</FONT> Capital Square Two</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Singapore 049480</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1987</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX Vice President</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since&nbsp;2017</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently Senior Investment Manager for Aberdeen Standard Investments (Asia) Limited. Mr.&nbsp;Drissner joined Aberdeen in 2010.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Sharon Ferrari**</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Standard Investments&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">1735 Market St.
32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Philadelphia, PA 19103</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1977</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO, IAF</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Assistant&nbsp;Treasurer</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since 2009</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Senior Fund Administration Manager &#151; US for Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. Ms.&nbsp;Ferrari joined Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. as a Senior Fund Administrator
in 2008.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Martin&nbsp;J.&nbsp;Gilbert**</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Standard Life Aberdeen PLC</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Bow Bells House, 1 Bread Street</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">London</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">United Kingdom</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1955</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO, IAF Vice President</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since&nbsp;2008</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Please see information in the Directors&#146; chart.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">10 </FONT></P>



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<TR>
<TD WIDTH="30%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%"></TD>
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<TD WIDTH="42%"></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000 ; display:table-cell;"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Name, Address and Age</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Positions(s)&nbsp;Held&nbsp;With<BR>Fund(s)</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Term&nbsp;of&nbsp;Office<BR>and Length of<BR>Time Served*</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000">
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Principal&nbsp;Occupation(s)&nbsp;During&nbsp;the&nbsp;Past&nbsp;Five&nbsp;Years</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Alan Goodson**</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Standard Investments&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">1735 Market St.
32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Philadelphia, PA&nbsp;19103</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1974</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO, IAF Vice President</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since 2009</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Director, Vice President and Head of Product &#151; Americas for Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc., overseeing Product Management, Product Development and Investor
Services for Aberdeen&#146;s registered and unregistered investment companies in the US and Canada. Mr.&nbsp;Goodson is Vice President of Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. and joined Aberdeen in 2000.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Bev Hendry**</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Standard Investments&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">1735 Market St.
32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Philadelphia, PA&nbsp;19103</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1953</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO, IAF</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Vice
President</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since 2015</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Chairman, Americas of Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. Mr.&nbsp;Hendry first joined Aberdeen in 1987 and helped establish Aberdeen&#146;s business in the Americas in
Fort Lauderdale. Mr.&nbsp;Hendry left Aberdeen in 2008 when the company moved to consolidate its headquarters in Philadelphia. Mr.&nbsp;Hendry <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">re-joined</FONT> Aberdeen from Hansberger Global Investors in Fort
Lauderdale where he worked for six years as Chief Operating Officer.</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Matthew Keener**</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Standard Investments&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">1735 Market St.
32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Philadelphia, PA 19103</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1976</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO, IAF Assistant&nbsp;Secretary</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since 2008</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Senior Product Manager for Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. Mr.&nbsp;Keener joined Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. in 2006 as a Fund Administrator.</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Megan Kennedy**</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Standard Investments&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">1735 Market St.
32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Philadelphia, PA&nbsp;19103</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1974</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO, IAF Vice President, Secretary</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since 2008</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Head of Product Management for Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. Ms.&nbsp;Kennedy joined Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. in 2005 as a Senior Fund Administrator.
Ms.&nbsp;Kennedy was promoted to Assistant Treasurer Collective Funds/North American Mutual Funds in February 2008 and promoted to Treasurer Collective Funds/North American Mutual Funds in July 2008.</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Jason Kururangi</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Standard Investments Australia&nbsp;Limited</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Level&nbsp;6, 201 Kent St</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Sydney, NSW 2000</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Australia</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1986</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">IAF Vice President</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since 2017</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Investment Manager on the Australian Equities desk for Aberdeen Standard Investments Australia Limited. Mr.&nbsp;Kururangi joined Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited in
2011.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">11 </FONT></P>



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<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000 ; display:table-cell;"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Name, Address and Age</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Positions(s)&nbsp;Held&nbsp;With<BR>Fund(s)</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Term&nbsp;of&nbsp;Office<BR>and Length of<BR>Time Served*</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000">
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Principal&nbsp;Occupation(s)&nbsp;During&nbsp;the&nbsp;Past&nbsp;Five&nbsp;Years</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>


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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lin-Jing</FONT> Leong**</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Standard Investments (Asia) Limited</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">21 Church Street</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">#01-01</FONT> Capital Square Two</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Singapore 049480</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1987</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO Vice President</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since 2017</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Investment Manager for Aberdeen Standard Investments (Asia) Limited. Ms.&nbsp;Leong joined Aberdeen in 2013 from the Reserve Management section of the Central Bank of
Malaysia.</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Steve Logan**</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen
Asset Managers Limited</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Bow Bells House, 1 Bread Street</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">London United Kingdom</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">EC4M 9HH</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FCO Vice President</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since&nbsp;2018</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Head of Euro High Yield and Global Leverage Loans. Mr.&nbsp;Logan joined Aberdeen in 2014 following the Scottish Widows Investment Partnership (&#147;SWIP&#148;)
acquisition. Mr.&nbsp;Logan joined SWIP in 2001 as an Investment Director.</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Paul Lukaszewski**</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Standard Investments (Asia) Limited</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">21 Church Street</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">#01-01</FONT> Capital Square Two</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Singapore 049480</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1975</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Vice
President</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since&nbsp;2018</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Head of Asian Corporate Debt on the Asian Fixed Income team at Aberdeen Standard Investments and Head of Emerging Market Credit Research. Mr.&nbsp;Lukaszewski joined
Aberdeen Asset Management via the acquisition of SWIP in 2014 where he was a Credit Analyst on the US High Yield team in New York.</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Adam McCabe**</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Standard&nbsp;Investments (Asia) Limited</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">21 Church Street</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">#01-01</FONT> Capital Square Two</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Singapore 049480</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1979</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Vice
President</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since 2011</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Head of Asian Fixed Income on the Fixed Income &#151; Asia Pacific desk for Aberdeen Standard Investments (Asia) Limited. Mr.&nbsp;McCabe joined Aberdeen in 2009
following the acquisition of certain asset management businesses from Credit Suisse. Mr.&nbsp;McCabe worked for Credit Suisse since 2001, where he was an investment manager responsible for the development and implementation of its Asian currency and
interest rate strategies.</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Andrea Melia**</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Standard&nbsp;Investments&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">1735 Market St.
32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Philadelphia, PA 19103</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1969</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO, IAF Treasurer</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since 2009</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Vice President and Head of Fund Operations, Traditional Assets &#150; Americas for Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. Ms.&nbsp;Melia joined Aberdeen Standard Investments
Inc. in 2009.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">12 </FONT></P>



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<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000 ; display:table-cell;"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Name, Address and Age</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Positions(s)&nbsp;Held&nbsp;With<BR>Fund(s)</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Term&nbsp;of&nbsp;Office<BR>and Length of<BR>Time Served*</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000">
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Principal&nbsp;Occupation(s)&nbsp;During&nbsp;the&nbsp;Past&nbsp;Five&nbsp;Years</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>


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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Jennifer Nichols**</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Standard Investments&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">1735 Market St.
32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Philadelphia, PA 19103</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1978</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO, IAF Vice President</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since&nbsp;2008</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Director, Vice President and Head of Legal &#151; Americas for Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. (since 2006).</FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Robert Penaloza</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Standard Investments Australia&nbsp;Limited</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Level&nbsp;6, 201 Kent St</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Sydney, NSW 2000</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Australia</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1974</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">IAF Vice President</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since 2017</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Head of Australian Equities for Aberdeen Standard Investments Australia Limited. Mr.&nbsp;Penaloza joined Aberdeen Standard Investments Australia Limited in
1997.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Christian Pittard**</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Bow Bells House,
1 Bread Street</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">London</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">United Kingdom</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1973</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO, IAF President</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since 2009</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Group Head of Product Opportunities, for Aberdeen Asset Management PLC. Previously, Director and Vice President (2006-2008), Chief Executive Officer (from 2005 to 2006)
and employee (since 2005) of Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Lucia Sitar**</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen&nbsp;Standard Investments&nbsp;Inc.</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">1735 Market St.
32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Philadelphia, PA 19103</FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Year of Birth: 1971</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX, FCO, IAF Vice President</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Since 2008</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Currently, Vice President and Managing U.S. Counsel for Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. Ms.&nbsp;Sitar joined Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. in 2007.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="line-height:8px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;width:10%">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">*</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Officers hold their positions with the Fund(s) until a successor has been duly elected and qualifies. Officers are elected annually by each
Board. </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>**</B></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Messrs. Akintewe, Andolina, Bishop, Cotton, Dahiya, Gilbert, Goodson, Hendry, Keener, Logan, Lukaszewski, McCabe and Pittard and Mses.
Ferrari, Leong, Kennedy, Melia, Nichols and Sitar hold officer position(s) in one or more of the following: Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Global Income Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Australia Equity Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Emerging Markets
Equity Income Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Japan Equity Fund, Inc., The India Fund, Inc., Aberdeen Income Credit Strategies Fund, Aberdeen Global Dynamic Dividend Fund, Aberdeen Total Dynamic Dividend Fund, Aberdeen Global Premier Properties Fund, Aberdeen
Standard Investments ETFs (which currently consists of five portfolios), Aberdeen Investment Funds (which currently consists of four portfolios) and Aberdeen Funds (which currently consists of 25 portfolios), each of which may also be deemed to be a
part of the same &#147;Fund Complex.&#148; </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">13 </FONT></P>



<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Ownership of Securities </B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Set forth in the table below is the dollar range of equity securities in each Fund and the aggregate dollar range of
equity securities in the Aberdeen Family of Investment Companies (as defined below) beneficially owned by each Director or nominee. The following key relates to the dollar ranges in the chart: </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">A.</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">None </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">B.</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$1&#151;$10,000 </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">C.</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$10,001&#151;$50,000 </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">D.</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$50,001&#151;$100,000 </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">E.</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">over $100,000 </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="57%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="18%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="18%"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000 ; display:table-cell;"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Name of Director or Nominee</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" NOWRAP ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Dollar&nbsp;Range&nbsp;of<BR>Equity<BR>Securities&nbsp;Owned(1)</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Aggregate&nbsp;Dollar&nbsp;Range&nbsp;of&nbsp;Equity<BR>Securities&nbsp;in&nbsp;All&nbsp;Funds&nbsp;
Overseen&nbsp;by<BR>Director&nbsp;or&nbsp;Nominee&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Family<BR>of Investment Companies(2)</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="8"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B><U>Independent Directors:</U></B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:0em; text-indent:0em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">P. Gerald Malone</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX: B</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">C</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FCO: C</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">IAF: B</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Neville J. Miles</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX: B</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">C</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FCO: C</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">IAF: B</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">William J. Potter</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX: B</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">C</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FCO: B</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">IAF: B</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Peter D. Sacks</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX: C</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">C</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FCO: B</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">IAF: B</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Moritz Sell</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX: B</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">E</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">IAF: B</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="8"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B><U>Interested Directors:</U></B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:0em; text-indent:0em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Martin Gilbert</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX:&nbsp;B</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">C</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1">FCO: B</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Hugh Young</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">IAF: B</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">C</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="line-height:8px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;width:10%">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">This information has been furnished by each Director as of October&nbsp;31, 2018. &#147;Beneficial ownership&#148; is determined in
accordance with Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">16a-1(a)(2)</FONT> promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#147;1934 Act&#148;). </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(2)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&#147;Family of Investment Companies&#148; means those registered investment companies that are advised by the Investment Manager or an
affiliate and that hold themselves out to investors as related companies for purposes of investment and investor services. </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">14 </FONT></P>



<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">As of October&nbsp;31, 2018, each Fund&#146;s Directors and officers, in the
aggregate, owned less than 1% of that Fund&#146;s outstanding equity securities. As of October&nbsp;31, 2018, none of the Independent Directors or their immediate family members owned any shares of the Investment Manager, Investment Adviser or <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Sub-Adviser</FONT> or of any person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Investment Manager, Investment Adviser or <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Sub-Adviser.</FONT> </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Mr.&nbsp;Pittard and Ms.&nbsp;Melia serve as executive
officers of the Funds. As of October&nbsp;31, 2018, Mr.&nbsp;Pittard and Ms.&nbsp;Melia did not own shares of the Funds&#146; common stock. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>BOARD AND COMMITTEE STRUCTURE </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">The Board of Directors of FAX is currently composed of five Independent Directors and one Interested Director, Martin&nbsp;J. Gilbert. The Board of Directors of FCO is currently composed of five
Independent Directors and one Interested Director, Martin J. Gilbert. The Board of Directors of IAF is currently composed of five Independent Directors and one Interested Director, Hugh Young. Each Fund&#146;s bylaws provide that the Board of
Directors to be elected by holders of a Fund&#146;s common stock shall be divided into three classes, as nearly equal in number as possible, each of which will serve for three years, with one class being elected each year. FAX&#146;s Articles
Supplementary for the Preferred Shares provide for the election of two Directors by holders of the Fund&#146;s preferred stock. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">The Boards of FAX and FCO have each appointed Mr.&nbsp;Malone, an Independent Director, as Chairman. The Board of IAF has appointed Mr.&nbsp;Miles, an Independent Director, as Chairman. The Chairman
presides at meetings of the Directors, participates in the preparation of the agenda for meetings of the Board, and acts as a liaison between the Directors and management between Board meetings. Except for any duties specified herein, the
designation of the Chairman does not impose on such Director any duties, obligations or liability that is greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on such person as a member of the Board, generally. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Board holds regular quarterly meetings each year to consider and address matters involving the respective Fund. Each
Board also may hold special meetings to address matters arising between regular meetings. The Independent Directors also meet outside the presence of management in executive session at least quarterly and have engaged separate, independent legal
counsel to assist them in performing their oversight responsibilities. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Board has established a committee
structure that includes an Audit and Valuation Committee, a Contract Review Committee, a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, a Cost Review Committee and a Leverage Committee (FAX and FCO only) (each discussed in more detail below) to
assist each Board in the oversight and direction of the business affairs of the respective Fund, and from time to time may establish informal ad hoc committees or working groups to review and address the practices of the respective Fund with respect
to specific matters. The Committee system facilitates the timely and efficient consideration of matters by the Directors, and facilitates effective oversight of compliance with legal and regulatory requirements and of each Fund&#146;s activities and
associated risks. The standing Committees currently conduct an annual review of their charters, which includes a review of their responsibilities and operations. Each Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and each Board as a whole also
conduct an annual self-assessment of the performance of the Board, including consideration of the effectiveness of the Board&#146;s Committee structure. Each Committee is comprised entirely of Independent Directors. Each Committee member is also
&#147;independent&#148; within the meaning of the NYSE MKT listing standards. Each Board reviews its structure regularly and believes that its leadership structure, including having a super-majority of Independent Directors, coupled with an
Independent Director as Chairman, is appropriate because it allows the Board to exercise informed and independent judgment over the matters under its purview and it allocates areas of responsibility among the Committees and the full Board in a
manner that enhances efficient and effective oversight. </FONT></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">15 </FONT></P>



<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><I>Audit and Valuation Committee </I></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Fund&#146;s Audit and Valuation Committee, established in accordance with Section&nbsp;3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#147;1934 Act&#148;), is responsible for the selection and engagement of the Fund&#146;s independent registered public accounting firm (subject to ratification by the Fund&#146;s Independent Directors), <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">pre-approves</FONT> and reviews both the audit and non&#150;audit work of the Fund&#146;s independent registered public accounting firm, and reviews compliance of the Fund with regulations of the SEC and the Internal
Revenue Service, and other related matters. The members of each Fund&#146;s Audit and Valuation Committee are Messrs. P. Gerald Malone, Neville J. Miles, Peter D. Sacks and Moritz Sell. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Board has adopted an Audit and Valuation Committee Charter for its Audit and Valuation Committee, the
current&nbsp;copy of which is available on each Fund&#146;s website at <U>http://aberdeenfax.com</U>, <U>http://aberdeenfco.com</U> and <U>http://aberdeeniaf.com</U>. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Audit and Valuation Committee oversees the activities of its Fund&#146;s Pricing Committee and performs the
responsibilities assigned to the Audit and Valuation Committee in the Fund&#146;s Valuation and Liquidity Procedures, such as overseeing the implementation of the Valuation and Liquidity Procedures. Each Board has delegated to its Audit and
Valuation Committee the responsibility of determining the fair value of its Fund&#146;s securities or other assets in situations set forth in the Valuation and Liquidity Procedures. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><I>Contract Review Committee </I></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Contract Review Committee
reviews and makes recommendations to the Board of Directors with respect to entering into, reviewing or amending the Fund&#146;s management agreement, advisory agreement, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">sub-advisory</FONT> agreement (if
applicable), administration agreement, investor relations services agreement and other agreements. The members of each Fund&#146;s Contract Review Committee are Messrs. P. Gerald Malone, Neville J. Miles, William J. Potter, Peter D. Sacks and Moritz
Sell (IAF only). </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><I>Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee; Consideration of Potential Director Nominees </I></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Fund&#146;s Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee recommends nominations for membership on the Board and
reviews and evaluates the effectiveness of the Board in its role in governing the Fund and overseeing the management of the Fund. It evaluates candidates&#146; qualifications for Board membership and, with respect to nominees for positions as
Independent Directors, their independence from the Fund&#146;s Investment Manager, Investment Adviser and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Sub-Adviser,</FONT> as appropriate, and other principal service providers. Each Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee generally meets twice annually to identify and evaluate nominees for director and makes its recommendations to its respective Board at the time of each Board&#146;s December meeting. Each Nominating and Corporate Governance
Committee also periodically reviews director compensation and will recommend any appropriate changes to the Boards as a group. Each Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also reviews and may make recommendations to its respective Board
relating to the effectiveness of the Board in carrying out its responsibilities in governing the Fund and overseeing the management of the Fund. Each Board has adopted a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter, a copy of which is on
each Fund&#146;s website at <U>http://aberdeenfax.com</U>, <U>http://aberdeenfco.com</U> and <U>http://aberdeeniaf.com</U>. The members of each Fund&#146;s Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are Messrs. P. Gerald Malone, Neville J. Miles,
William&nbsp;J. Potter and Moritz Sell. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may take into
account a wide variety of factors in considering prospective director candidates, including (but not limited to): (i)&nbsp;availability (including availability to attend to Board </FONT></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">16 </FONT></P>



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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">
business on short notice) and commitment of a candidate to attend meetings and perform his or her responsibilities on the Board; (ii)&nbsp;relevant industry and related experience;
(iii)&nbsp;educational background; (iv)&nbsp;reputation; (v)&nbsp;financial expertise; (vi)&nbsp;the candidate&#146;s ability, judgment and expertise; (vii)&nbsp;overall diversity of the Board&#146;s composition; and (viii)&nbsp;commitment to the
representation of the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Each Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also considers the effect of any relationships beyond those delineated in the 1940 Act that might impair independence, such as
business, financial or family relationships with the Investment Manager, Investment Adviser or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Sub-Adviser</FONT> or their affiliates, as appropriate. Each Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will consider
potential director candidates, if any, recommended by its Fund shareholders provided that&nbsp;the proposed candidates: (i)&nbsp;satisfy any minimum qualifications of the Fund for its directors, and (ii)&nbsp;are not &#147;interested persons&#148;
of the Fund, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act; and (iii)&nbsp;are &#147;independent&#148; as defined in the listing standards of any exchange on which the Fund&#146;s shares are listed. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">While the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees have not adopted a particular definition of diversity or a
particular policy with regard to the consideration of diversity in identifying candidates, when considering a candidate&#146;s and a Board&#146;s diversity, the Committees generally consider the manner in which each candidate&#146;s leadership,
independence, interpersonal skills, financial acumen, integrity and professional ethics, educational and professional background, prior director or executive experience, industry knowledge, business judgment and specific experiences or expertise
would complement or benefit the Board and, as a whole, contribute to the ability of the Board to oversee the Fund. Each Committee may also consider other factors or attributes as they may determine appropriate in their judgment. Each Committee
believes that the significance of each candidate&#146;s background, experience, qualifications, attributes or skills must be considered in the context of the Board as a whole. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Fund&#146;s bylaws contain provisions regarding minimum qualifications for directors. These include a requirement
that, to qualify as a nominee for a directorship, each candidate, at the time of nomination, other than persons who were directors at the time of the adoption of the minimum qualifications, must possess at least the following specific minimum
qualifications: (i)&nbsp;a nominee shall have at least five years&#146; experience in any of investment management, economics, public accounting or Australian business; (ii)&nbsp;a nominee shall have a college undergraduate or graduate degree in
economics, finance, business administration, accounting or engineering, or a professional degree in law, engineering, or medicine, from an accredited university or college in the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada or New Zealand,
or the equivalent degree from an equivalent institution of higher learning in another country; and (iii)&nbsp;a nominee shall not have violated any provision of the U.S. federal or state securities laws, or comparable laws of another country.
</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%;padding-bottom:0px; " ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Fund&#146;s bylaws also contain advance notice provisions and general procedures
with respect to the submission of proposals, including the nomination of directors. Shareholders who intend to propose potential director candidates must substantiate compliance with these requirements. Notice of shareholder proposals must be
provided to the Fund&#146;s Secretary not earlier than the 150</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">th</SUP></FONT><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> day and not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the 120</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">th</SUP></FONT><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> day prior to the first anniversary of the date of the preceding year&#146;s proxy statement. Any shareholder may obtain a copy of the Funds&#146; bylaws by calling the Investor Relations department of
Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc., the Funds&#146; investor relations services provider, toll-free at <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">1-800-522-5465,</FONT></FONT></FONT> or by
sending an <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">e-mail</FONT> to Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. at <U>InvestorRelations@aberdeenstandard.com</U>. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><I>Cost Review Committee </I></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Cost Review Committee reviews
on an ongoing basis the fees and expenses incurred by the Fund, to ensure that such expenses are commensurate with the services provided. The members of each Fund&#146;s Cost Review Committee are Messrs. Neville J. Miles, William J. Potter, Peter D.
Sacks and Moritz Sell (IAF). </FONT></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">17 </FONT></P>



<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><I>Leverage Committee </I></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">The Leverage Committee monitors the Fund&#146;s leverage and reviews leverage options for the Fund. The members of the FAX
and FCO&#146;s Leverage Committee are Messrs. P. Gerald Malone, William J. Potter and Peter D. Sacks. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><I>Board Oversight of Risk Management
</I></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">The Funds are subject to a number of risks, including, among others, investment, compliance, operational
and valuation risks. Risk oversight forms part of each Board&#146;s general oversight of the respective Fund and is addressed as part of various Board and Committee activities. Each Board has adopted, and periodically reviews, policies and
procedures designed to address these risks. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks. <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Day-to-day</FONT></FONT> risk
management functions are subsumed within the responsibilities of ASIAL, who carries out each Fund&#146;s investment management and business affairs, and also by ASI Aus and AAML, as applicable, and other service providers in connection with the
services they provide to the Funds. Each of ASIAL, ASI Aus and AAML, as applicable, and other service providers have their own, independent interest in risk management, and their policies and methods of risk management will depend on their functions
and business models. As part of its regular oversight of each Fund, the respective Board, directly and/or through a Committee, interacts with and reviews reports from, among others, ASIAL, ASI Aus and AAML, as applicable, and each Fund&#146;s other
service providers (including the Funds&#146; transfer agent), the Funds&#146; Chief Compliance Officer, and the Funds&#146; independent registered public accounting firm, legal counsel to the Funds, as appropriate, relating to the operations of the
Funds. The Boards also require ASIAL to report to the Boards on other matters relating to risk management on a regular and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">as-needed</FONT> basis. The Boards recognize that it may not be possible to identify all of
the risks that may affect the Funds or to develop processes and controls to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. Each Board may, at any time and in its discretion, change the manner in which it conducts risk oversight. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><I>Board and Committee Meetings in Fiscal 2018 </I></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">During the Funds&#146; fiscal year ended October&nbsp;31, 2018, the Boards of FAX, FCO and IAF each held four regular meetings, the Audit and Valuation Committee of FAX, FCO and IAF each held three
meetings; the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of FAX, FCO and IAF each held two meetings; the Contract Review Committee of FAX, FCO and IAF each held one meeting; the Cost Review Committee of FAX, FCO and IAF each held one meeting; the
Leverage Committee of FAX and FCO each held four meetings. During such period, each incumbent Director attended at least 75% of the aggregate number of meetings of the Board and of Committees of the Board on which he served. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Communications with the Board of Directors </B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%;padding-bottom:0px; " ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Shareholders who wish to communicate with Board members with respect to matters relating to the Funds
may address their written correspondence to the Boards as a whole or to individual Board members c/o Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc., the Funds&#146; investor relations service provider, at 1735 Market Street, 32</FONT><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19103, or via
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">e-mail</FONT> to the Director(s) c/o Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. at <U>InvestorRelations@aberdeenstandard.com</U>. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Director Attendance at Annual Meetings of Shareholders </B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Generally, in the event that any of the Funds&#146; Directors are geographically close to the site of an annual meeting of
shareholders at the time of such meeting, one or more of such Directors may attend the meeting. However, since a majority of the Funds&#146; Directors reside outside of the United States, the Funds recognize that it would be impractical for most
Directors to attend such meetings and would create a significant expense for the Funds to require the Directors to attend such meetings. In light of the fact that the residences of most Directors are substantial distances from the location of the
annual meetings of shareholders and that, historically, few shareholders have attended the annual meetings in person, the Funds have not established a policy with respect to Director attendance at annual meetings of shareholders. </FONT></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">18 </FONT></P>



<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>REPORTS OF THE AUDIT AND VALUATION COMMITTEES; INFORMATION REGARDING THE FUNDS&#146;
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Audit and Valuation Committee has selected, and each
Fund&#146;s Independent Directors have ratified the selection of, KPMG LLP (&#147;KPMG&#148;), 1601 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, an independent registered public accounting firm, to audit the financial statements of the Funds for the
fiscal year ending October&nbsp;31, 2019. Representatives from KPMG are not expected to be present at the Meetings to make a statement or respond to questions from shareholders. However, such representatives are expected to be available by telephone
to respond to questions raised by shareholders, if any, during the Meetings. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Audit and Valuation
Committee has received from KPMG the written disclosures and the letter required by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding KPMG&#146;s communications with the Audit and Valuation Committee concerning independence, and have discussed
with KPMG its independence. Each Audit and Valuation Committee has also reviewed and discussed the audited financial statements with Fund management and KPMG, and discussed certain matters with KPMG addressed by Statements on Auditing Standards Nos.
61 and 90. Based on the foregoing, each Audit and Valuation Committee recommended to its Board that the Fund&#146;s audited financial statements be included in the respective Fund&#146;s Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended
October&nbsp;31, 2018. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">The following table sets forth the aggregate fees billed for professional services
rendered by KPMG during the Funds&#146; two most recent fiscal years: </FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="58%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>2018</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>2017</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>FAX</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>FCO</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>IAF</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>FAX</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>FCO</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>IAF</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Audit Fees</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">82,723</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">73.080</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">55,000</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">81,500</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">72,000</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">57,000</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Audit-Related Fees</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">0</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">0</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">0</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">0</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">0</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">0</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Tax Fees</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP
STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">(1)</SUP></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">7,610</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">7,610</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">7,610</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">7,500</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">7,500</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">7,750</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">All Other Fees</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">None</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">None</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">None</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">None</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">None</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">None</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="line-height:8px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;width:10%">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">The Tax Fees are for the completion of the Funds&#146; federal and state tax returns. </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">For the fiscal year ended October&nbsp;31, 2018, KPMG billed $745,960 for aggregate
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-audit</FONT> fees for services to the Investment Manager, Investment Adviser and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Sub-Adviser</FONT> of FAX, FCO and IAF. For the fiscal year ended October&nbsp;31, 2017, KPMG
billed $796,703 for aggregate <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-audit</FONT> fees for services to the Investment Manager, Investment Adviser and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Sub-Adviser</FONT> of FAX and FCO and billed $788,203 for aggregate <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-audit</FONT> fees for services to the Investment Manager and Investment Adviser of IAF. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">All of the services described in the table above were <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">pre-approved</FONT> by the relevant Audit and Valuation Committee. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Audit and Valuation Committee has adopted an Audit and Valuation Committee Charter that provides that the Audit and
Valuation Committee shall annually select, retain or terminate, and recommend to the Audit and Valuation Committee members of the Board and ratified by the entire Board, who are not &#147;interested persons&#148; (as that term is defined in
Section&nbsp;2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended), of the Fund for their ratification, the selection, retention or termination, the Fund&#146;s independent auditor and, in connection therewith, evaluate the terms of the
engagement (including compensation of the auditor) and the qualifications and independence of the independent auditor, including whether the independent auditor provides any consulting, auditing or tax services to the Investment Manager, Investment
Adviser or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Sub-Adviser,</FONT> if applicable, and receive the independent auditor&#146;s specific representations as to its independence, delineating all relationships between the independent auditor and the Fund,
consistent with the Independent Standards Board (&#147;ISB&#148;) Standard No.&nbsp;1. Each Audit and Valuation Committee Charter also provides that the Committee shall review in </FONT></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">19 </FONT></P>



<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">
advance, and consider approval of, any and all proposals by Fund management or the Investment Manager that the Fund, Investment Manager or their affiliated persons, employ the independent auditor
to render &#147;permissible <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-audit</FONT> services&#148; to the Fund and to consider whether such services are consistent with the independent auditor&#146;s independence. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Each Audit and Valuation Committee has considered whether the provision of
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-audit</FONT> services that were rendered to the Investment Manager, Investment Adviser, or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Sub-Adviser,</FONT> if applicable, and any entity controlling, controlled by, or under
common control with these entities that provides ongoing services to the relevant Fund that were not <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">pre-approved</FONT> pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2-01</FONT> of
Regulation <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-X</FONT> is compatible with maintaining the principal accountant&#146;s independence and has concluded that it is independent. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>COMPENSATION </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">The following table sets forth information
regarding compensation of Directors by each Fund and by the Fund Complex of which the Funds are a part for the fiscal year ended October&nbsp;31, 2018. Officers of the Funds and Directors who are interested persons of the Funds do not receive any
compensation directly from the Funds or any other fund in the Fund Complex for performing their duties as officers or Directors, respectively. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="57%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000 ; display:table-cell;"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Name of Director</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="10" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Aggregate&nbsp;Compensation&nbsp;from&nbsp;Fund</B></FONT><br><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Fiscal&nbsp;Year&nbsp;Ended&nbsp;October&nbsp;31,&nbsp;2018</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ROWSPAN="2" NOWRAP ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Total&nbsp;Compensation&nbsp;From<BR>Fund and Fund Complex<BR>Paid To
Directors*</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ROWSPAN="2"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;<FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;FAX&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;FCO&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;IAF&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="12"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="9" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em;" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Independent Directors:</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">P. Gerald Malone</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">62,000</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">59,000</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">36,000</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">353,755&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(32)&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Neville J. Miles</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">46,000</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">37,000</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">59,000</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">240,000&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(28)&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">William J. Potter</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">42,000</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">45,000</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">38,000</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">250,000&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(3)&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Peter D. Sacks</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">48,539</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">45,539</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">43,539</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">235,618&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(28)&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Moritz Sell</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">0</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">0</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">38,000</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">$</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">74,018&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(3)&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="12"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="9" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em;" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Interested Directors:</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Martin J. Gilbert</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">N/a</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">N/a</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">N/a</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">N/a </FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(26)&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Hugh Young</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">N/a</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">N/a</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">N/a</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">N/a&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">(2)&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="line-height:8px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:2px;border-bottom:0.5pt solid #000000;width:10%">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">*</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">The number in parentheses indicates the total number of funds in the Fund Complex on which the Director serves or served at any time during
the fiscal year ended October&nbsp;31, 2018. </FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Section&nbsp;16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
</B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Section&nbsp;16(a) of the 1934 Act and Section&nbsp;30(h) of the 1940 Act, as applied to the Funds,
require the Funds&#146; officers, Directors, the Investment Manager and Investment Adviser, affiliates of the Investment Manager or Investment Adviser, and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of a registered class of a Fund&#146;s outstanding
securities (&#147;Reporting Persons&#148;) to electronically file reports of ownership of that Fund&#146;s securities and changes in such ownership with the SEC and the NYSE MKT. Such persons are required by SEC regulations to furnish the Fund with
copies of all such filings. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Based solely on its review of the copies of such forms received by it and written
representations from certain Reporting Persons that no <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">year-end</FONT> reports were required for those persons, and except as provided in the following sentence, each Fund believes that during the fiscal year ended
October&nbsp;31, 2018, its Reporting Persons complied with all applicable filing requirements in a timely manner.</FONT></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">20 </FONT></P>



<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Relationship of Directors or Nominees with the Investment Manager, Investment Adviser, <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Sub-Adviser</FONT> and Administrator </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Standard Investments (Asia)
Limited serves as the Investment Manager to the Funds pursuant to management agreements dated as of April&nbsp;3, 2009 for FAX, as of June&nbsp;7, 2006 for FCO, and as of March&nbsp;8, 2004 for IAF. The Investment Manager is a Singapore corporation
with its registered office located at 21 Church Street, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">#01-01</FONT> Capital Square Two, Singapore 049480. Aberdeen Standard Investments Australia Limited serves as the Investment Adviser to the Funds pursuant to
advisory agreements dated as of April&nbsp;3, 2009 for FAX, as of June&nbsp;7, 2006 for FCO, and as of March&nbsp;8, 2004 for IAF. The Investment Adviser is an Australian corporation with its registered offices located at Level&nbsp;10, 255 George
Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. Aberdeen Asset Managers Limited serves as the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Sub-Adviser</FONT> to FAX and FCO pursuant to <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">sub-advisory</FONT> agreements dated November&nbsp;1,
2015 and March&nbsp;1, 2012, respectively. The <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Sub-Adviser</FONT> is a United Kingdom corporation with its registered offices located at Bow Bells House 1 Bread Street, London, United Kingdom, EC4M 9HH. The
Investment Manager, Investment Adviser and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Sub-Adviser</FONT> are each wholly-owned subsidiaries of Aberdeen Asset Management PLC (&#147;Aberdeen PLC&#148;), a Scottish company. The registered offices of Aberdeen PLC
are located at 10 Queen&#146;s Terrace, Aberdeen, Scotland AB10 1YG. The merger of Standard Life plc and Aberdeen PLC, announced on March&nbsp;6, 2017 (the &#147;Merger&#148;) closed on August&nbsp;14, 2017. Aberdeen PLC became a direct subsidiary
of Standard Life plc as a result of the Merger and the combined company changed its name to Standard Life Aberdeen plc. Following the Merger, the Funds&#146; Investment Manager, Investment Adviser, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Sub-Adviser</FONT>
and Administrator each became an indirect subsidiary of Standard Life Aberdeen plc, but otherwise did not change. Mr.&nbsp;Martin Gilbert, a Director (FAX and FCO) and Vice President of the Funds, also serves as the
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Co-Chief</FONT> Executive and an Executive Director of Standard Life Aberdeen plc. Mr.&nbsp;Gilbert is also a shareholder of Standard Life Aberdeen plc. Mr.&nbsp;Hugh Young, a Director of IAF, serves as the Managing
Director of the Investment Manager and a Director of ASIAL. Mr.&nbsp;Young is also a shareholder of Standard Life Aberdeen plc. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%;padding-bottom:0px; " ALIGN="justify"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc. (&#147;ASI&#148;), an affiliate of the Investment Manager, Investment Adviser and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Sub-Adviser,</FONT> serves as the Funds&#146;
administrator. ASI is a Delaware corporation with its principal business office located at 1735 Market Street,
32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103. ASI also
provides investor relations services to the Funds under an investor relations services agreement. Messrs. Andolina, Cotton, Goodson, Hendry and Mmes. Melia, Nichols and Sitar, who serve as officers of the Funds, are also directors and/or officers of
ASI. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>EACH FUND&#146;S BOARD, INCLUDING THE INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS, RECOMMENDS THAT THE SHAREHOLDERS VOTE &#147;FOR&#148; THE
NOMINEES FOR DIRECTOR FOR THE RELEVANT FUND. </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>ADDITIONAL INFORMATION </B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Expenses.</B> The expense of preparation, printing and mailing of the enclosed proxy card and accompanying Notice and Joint Proxy
Statement will be borne proportionately by each Fund. Each Fund will reimburse banks, brokers and others for their reasonable expenses in forwarding proxy solicitation material to the beneficial owners of the shares of that Fund. In order to obtain
the necessary quorum at each Meeting, supplementary solicitation may be made by mail, telephone, telegraph or personal interview. Such solicitation may be conducted by, among others, officers, Directors and employees of the Funds, the Investment
Manager, the Investment Adviser, the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Sub-Adviser</FONT> (in the case of FAX and FCO) or the Funds&#146; Administrator. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">AST Fund Solutions, LLC (&#147;AST&#148;) has been retained to assist in the solicitation of proxies and will receive an estimated fee of $4,400 (FAX), $1,750 (FCO) and $3,600 (IAF) and be reimbursed for
its reasonable expenses. Total payments to AST are expected to be between $10,000 and $14,000. </FONT></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">21 </FONT></P>



<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Solicitation and Voting of Proxies.</B> Solicitation of proxies is being
made primarily by the mailing of this Joint Proxy Statement with its enclosures on or about February&nbsp;15, 2019. As mentioned above, AST has been engaged to assist in the solicitation of proxies. As the meeting date approaches, certain
shareholders of a Fund may receive a call from a representative of AST, if the Fund has not yet received their vote. Authorization to permit AST to execute proxies may be obtained by telephonic instructions from shareholders of a Fund. Proxies that
are obtained telephonically will be recorded in accordance with procedures that management of each of the Funds believes are reasonably designed to ensure that the identity of the shareholder casting the vote is accurately determined and that the
voting instructions of the shareholder are accurately determined. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Beneficial Owners. </B>Based upon
filings made with the SEC, as of January&nbsp;31, 2019, the following table shows certain information concerning persons who may be deemed beneficial owners of 5% or more of a class of shares of IAF, FCO and FAX because they possessed or shared
voting or investment power with respect to IAF, FCO or FAX&#146;s shares: </FONT></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="39%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="5%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="5%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="24%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="5%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="3%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000 ; display:table-cell;"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Fund</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Class</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Name and Address</B></FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Number&nbsp;of&nbsp;Shares<BR>Beneficially<BR>Owned</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1px solid #000000"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><B>Percentage&nbsp;of<BR>Shares</B></FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">IAF</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Common</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">First&nbsp;Trust&nbsp;Portfolios&nbsp;L.P.</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">120 East Liberty Drive</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Wheaton, IL 60187</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">3,776,030</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">16.60</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">%&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FCO</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Common</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">First Trust Portfolios L.P.</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">120 East Liberty Drive</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Wheaton, IL
60187</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">1,590,202</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">18.23</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">%&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">FAX</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Preferred</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Voya Financial Inc.</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">230 Park
Avenue</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:1px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">New York, NY 10169</FONT></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">600,000</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">30.00</FONT></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">%&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%;padding-bottom:0px; " ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Shareholder Proposals.</B> If a shareholder intends to present a
proposal, including the nomination of a director, at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Funds to be held in 2020 and desires to have the proposal included in the Funds&#146; proxy statement and form of proxy for that meeting, the shareholder
must deliver the proposal to the Secretary of the Funds at the office of the Funds, 1735 Market Street, 32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, and such proposal must be received by the Secretary no later than October&nbsp;18, 2019. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%;padding-bottom:0px; " ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Shareholders wishing to present proposals, including the nomination of a director, at the Annual
Meeting of Shareholders of the Funds to be held in 2020 which they do not wish to be included in the Funds&#146; proxy materials must send written notice of such proposals to the Secretary of the Funds at the office of the Fund, 1735 Market Street
32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, and such
notice must be received by the Secretary no sooner than September&nbsp;18, 2019 and no later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on October&nbsp;18, 2019 in the form prescribed from time to time in the Funds&#146; bylaws. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>SHAREHOLDERS WHO DO NOT EXPECT TO BE PRESENT AT THE MEETINGS AND WHO WISH TO HAVE THEIR SHARES VOTED ARE REQUESTED TO DATE AND SIGN
THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD(S) AND RETURN THEM IN THE ENCLOSED ENVELOPE. NO POSTAGE IS REQUIRED IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES. </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Delivery
of Proxy </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Unless the Funds have received contrary instructions from shareholders, only one copy of this
Joint Proxy Statement may be mailed to households, even if more than one person in a household is a shareholder of record. If a shareholder needs </FONT></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">22 </FONT></P>



<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px; " ALIGN="justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">
an additional copy of this Joint Proxy Statement, please contact the Funds at
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">1-800-522-5465.</FONT></FONT></FONT> If any shareholder does not want the mailing of this Joint Proxy Statement to be combined with those for other
members of its household, please contact the Funds in writing at: 1735 Market Street, 32</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="1"><SUP STYLE="vertical-align:baseline; position:relative; bottom:.8ex">nd</SUP></FONT><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"> Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19103 or call the Funds at <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">1-800-522-5465.</FONT></FONT></FONT> </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2"><B>Other Business </B></FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px; text-indent:4%" ALIGN="justify"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Management knows of no business to be presented at the Meetings, other than the Proposal set forth in this Joint Proxy Statement, but should any other matter requiring the vote of shareholders arise, the
proxies will vote thereon according to their discretion. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">By order of the Boards of Directors, </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">


<IMG SRC="g697253g41h23.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Megan Kennedy, Secretary </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT
STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Asia-Pacific Income Fund, Inc. </FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Global Income Fund, Inc. </FONT></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">Aberdeen Australia Equity Fund, Inc. </FONT></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman" SIZE="2">23 </FONT></P>



<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:14pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>EVERY SHAREHOLDER&#146;S VOTE IS IMPORTANT </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><DIV ALIGN="right">
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="45%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:9pt">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="73%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:14pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"><B>EASY VOTING OPTIONS:</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="8"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="8" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="middle"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt" ALIGN="justify">


<IMG SRC="g697253page26.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>VOTE&nbsp;ON&nbsp;THE&nbsp;INTERNET</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>Log on to:</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B><FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><U>www.proxy-direct.com</U></FONT></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>or scan the QR code</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Follow&nbsp;the&nbsp;on-screen&nbsp;instructions</FONT></B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B></B><I></I><B><I>available 24 hours</I></B><I></I><B></B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt" align="left">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="middle"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:1pt" ALIGN="justify">


<IMG SRC="g697253g64h07.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>VOTE BY PHONE</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>Call
1-800-337-3503</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>Follow the recorded instructions</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B></B><I></I><B><I>available 24 hours</I></B><I></I><B></B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt" align="left">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="middle"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:1pt" ALIGN="justify">


<IMG SRC="g697253l.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>VOTE BY MAIL</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>Vote, sign
and date this Proxy</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>Card and return in the</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>postage-paid envelope</B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt" align="left">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="middle"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt" ALIGN="justify">


<IMG SRC="g697253v.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>VOTE IN PERSON</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>Attend Shareholder Meeting</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>1735 Market Street,
32<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">nd</SUP> Floor</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>Philadelphia, PA 19103</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>on March 29, 2019</B></P></TD></TR>
</TABLE></DIV> <P STYLE="margin-top:20pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>Please detach at perforation before mailing. </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="85%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="2%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"><B>PROXY</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>ABERDEEN AUSTRALIA EQUITY FUND, INC.</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>TO BE HELD ON
MARCH 29, 2019</B></P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify"><B>THIS PROXY IS BEING SOLICITED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.</B> The undersigned shareholder(s) of Aberdeen Australia
Equity Fund, Inc., revoking previous proxies, hereby appoints Alan Goodson, Megan Kennedy and Matthew Keener, or any one of them true and lawful attorneys with power of substitution of each, to vote all shares of Aberdeen Australia Equity Fund, Inc.
which the undersigned is entitled to vote, at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on Friday, March 29, 2019, at 10:30 a.m. Eastern Time, at the offices of Aberdeen Standard Investments Inc., 1735 Market Street, 32<SUP
STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">nd</SUP> Floor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, and at any adjournment thereof as indicated on the reverse side. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify"><B>In their discretion, the proxy holders named above are authorized to vote upon such other matters as may properly come before the meeting or any
adjournment thereof. </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="justify"><B>Receipt of the Notice of the Annual Meeting and the accompanying Proxy Statement is hereby acknowledged. If this Proxy is
executed but no instructions are given, the votes entitled to be cast by the undersigned will be cast &#147;FOR&#148; the nominees for director. </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><DIV ALIGN="right">
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="45%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


<TR>
<TD WIDTH="55%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="38%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="5"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:ARIAL"><B>VOTE VIA THE INTERNET: www.proxy-direct.com</B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:ARIAL"><B>VOTE VIA THE TELEPHONE: 1-800-337-3503</B></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" STYLE="BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000; BORDER-RIGHT:1px solid #000000; padding-left:8pt" BGCOLOR="#e5e5e5">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2" STYLE="BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000; BORDER-RIGHT:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" STYLE="BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-RIGHT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM:1px solid #000000; padding-left:8pt" BGCOLOR="#e5e5e5">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE=" BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" STYLE="BORDER-RIGHT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM:1px solid #000000; padding-right:2pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE></DIV> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:60pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>PLEASE SIGN, DATE AND RETURN THE PROXY
PROMPTLY USING THE ENCLOSED ENVELOPE. </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>IAF_30457_012519 </B></P>

<p Style='page-break-before:always'>
<HR  SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:14pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>EVERY SHAREHOLDER&#146;S VOTE IS IMPORTANT </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:60pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>Aberdeen Australia Equity Fund, Inc. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>Shareholders Meeting to Be Held on Friday, March 29, 2019, at 10:30 a.m. (Eastern Time) </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>The Proxy Statement for this meeting is available at: <FONT STYLE="font-family:ARIAL" COLOR="#0000ff"><U>http://www.aberdeenIAF.com</U></FONT> </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:60pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>IF YOU VOTE ON THE INTERNET OR BY TELEPHONE, </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>YOU NEED NOT RETURN THIS PROXY CARD </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:60pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:ARIAL" ALIGN="center"><B>Please
detach at perforation before mailing. </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL"><B></B><B></B>In their discretion, the proxy holders are authorized to vote upon the matters set forth in the Notice of
Meeting and Proxy Statement dated February 6, 2019 and upon all other such matters as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment thereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL"><B>THE BOARD
OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS A VOTE &#147;FOR&#148; THE NOMINEES FOR DIRECTOR IN THE PROPOSAL. </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:ARIAL"><B>TO VOTE MARK BLOCKS BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK AS SHOWN
IN THIS Example:&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-family:ARIAL; font-size:12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman">&#9746;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family:ARIAL"><B></B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="font-family:ARIAL; font-size:8pt">
</FONT></B></FONT></B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" BGCOLOR="#000000"><FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">&nbsp;A&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:9pt"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proposal</B></P></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR>
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<TD WIDTH="2%"></TD>
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<TD WIDTH="73%"></TD>
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<TD></TD>
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<TD></TD>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"><FONT STYLE="font-size:10pt">1.</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"><FONT STYLE="font-size:10pt"><B></B>To elect two Class I Directors to the Board of Directors to serve until the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;FOR</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>AGAINST</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>ABSTAIN</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">01.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Neville J. Miles</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman">&#9744;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">02.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Moritz Sell</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman">&#9744;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center"><FONT STYLE="font-family:Times New Roman">&#9744;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">2.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">To transact such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting.</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:9pt" ALIGN="center">


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<TD WIDTH="96%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:9pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" BGCOLOR="#000000"><FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">&nbsp;B&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <B>Authorized Signatures</B> &#151; <B>This section must be completed for your vote to be counted.&#151; Sign and Date Below</B></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:5%; text-indent:-5%; font-size:9pt; font-family:ARIAL"><B>Note:</B>&nbsp; Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) on this Proxy Card, and date it. When
shares are held jointly, each holder should sign. When signing as attorney, executor, guardian, administrator, trustee, officer of corporation or other entity or in another representative capacity, please give the full title under the signature.
</P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:6.5pt" ALIGN="center">


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<TD WIDTH="31%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:6.5pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"><B>Date (mm/dd/yyyy) &#151; Please print date below</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><B>Signature 1 &#151; Please keep signature within the box</B></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"><B>Signature 2 &#151; Please keep signature within the</B><B> box</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:22pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center" STYLE="BORDER:1px solid #000000; padding-left:8pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE=" BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000; BORDER-RIGHT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM:1px solid #000000"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" STYLE=" BORDER-LEFT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM:1px solid #000000">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" STYLE="BORDER-TOP:1px solid #000000; BORDER-RIGHT:1px solid #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM:1px solid #000000; padding-right:2pt"><FONT SIZE="1">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>
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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="middle" ALIGN="center" STYLE="BORDER:1px solid #000000; padding-left:8pt; padding-right:2pt">Scanner bar code</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:14pt" ALIGN="center">


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<TD WIDTH="25%"></TD>
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<TD WIDTH="23%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:14pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" BGCOLOR="#000000"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:14pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:14pt"><B></B>xxxxxxxxxxxxxx</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:14pt">IAF 30457</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="justify" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:ARIAL; font-size:14pt">M&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; xxxxxxxx</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="right"><B>+</B></TD></TR>
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