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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ |  | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended April 16, 2023
or

☐ |  | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-34851
RED ROBIN GOURMET BURGERS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 84-1573084
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

10000 E. Geddes Avenue, Suite 500
Englewood, Colorado 80112
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(303) 846-6000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered |
Common Stock, $0.001 par value |  | RRGB |  | Nasdaq | (Global Select Market) |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer | ☐ |  | Accelerated Filer | ☒
Non-accelerated Filer | ☐ |  | Smaller Reporting Company | ☐
|  |  | Emerging Growth Company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of May 22, 2023, there were 16,121,000 shares of the registrant's common stock, par value of $0.001 per share outstanding.

Table of Contents
RED ROBIN GOURMET BURGERS, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Financial Statements (unaudited) | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 4
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 5
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 11
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 25
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 25
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 26
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 26
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 26
Item 6. | Exhibits | 27
| Signature | 28

i

Table of Contents
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
RED ROBIN GOURMET BURGERS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except for per share amounts) |  | April 16, 2023 |  | December 25, 2022
Assets: |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 49,024 |  |  | $ | 48,826 |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 12,520 |  |  | 21,427 |
Inventories |  | 25,380 |  |  | 26,447 |
Income tax receivable |  | 473 |  |  | 562 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 13,337 |  |  | 12,938 |
Restricted cash |  | 9,422 |  |  | 9,380 |
Total current assets |  | 110,156 |  |  | 119,580 |
Property and equipment, net |  | 307,954 |  |  | 318,517 |
Operating lease assets, net |  | 355,917 |  |  | 361,432 |
Intangible assets, net |  | 17,082 |  |  | 17,727 |
Other assets, net |  | 12,785 |  |  | 14,889 |
Total assets |  | $ | 803,894 |  |  | $ | 832,145 |
Liabilities and stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 32,290 |  |  | $ | 39,336 |
Accrued payroll and payroll-related liabilities |  | 37,975 |  |  | 33,666 |
Unearned revenue |  | 30,444 |  |  | 43,358 |
Current portion of operating lease obligations |  | 48,121 |  |  | 47,394 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  | 2,875 |  |  | 3,375 |
Accrued liabilities and other |  | 48,537 |  |  | 49,498 |
Total current liabilities |  | 200,242 |  |  | 216,627 |
Long-term debt |  | 203,188 |  |  | 203,155 |
Long-term portion of operating lease obligations |  | 383,621 |  |  | 393,157 |
Other non-current liabilities |  | 12,157 |  |  | 13,831 |
Total liabilities |  | 799,208 |  |  | 826,770 |
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies) |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |
Common stock; $0.001 par value: 45,000 shares authorized; 20,449 shares issued; 16,063 and 15,934 shares outstanding as of April 16, 2023 and December 25, 2022 |  | 20 |  |  | 20 |
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value: 3,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding as of April 16, 2023 and December 25, 2022 |  | — |  |  | — |
Treasury stock 4,386 and 4,515 shares, at cost, as of April 16, 2023 and December 25, 2022 |  | (177,480) |  |  | (182,810) |
Paid-in capital |  | 235,876 |  |  | 238,803 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  | (26) |  |  | (34) |
Retained deficit |  | (53,704) |  |  | (50,604) |
Total stockholders' equity |  | 4,686 |  |  | 5,375 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 803,894 |  |  | $ | 832,145 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
1

Table of Contents
RED ROBIN GOURMET BURGERS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Unaudited)

|  |  |  | Sixteen Weeks Ended
(in thousands, except for per share amounts) |  |  |  |  |  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restaurant revenue |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 406,893 |  |  | $ | 380,612 |
Franchise and other revenues |  |  |  |  |  | 11,075 |  |  | 14,938 |
Total revenues |  |  |  |  |  | 417,968 |  |  | 395,550 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately below): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales |  |  |  |  |  | 99,670 |  |  | 90,941 |
Labor |  |  |  |  |  | 145,421 |  |  | 138,108 |
Other operating |  |  |  |  |  | 72,050 |  |  | 67,864 |
Occupancy |  |  |  |  |  | 29,801 |  |  | 30,599 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  | 21,825 |  |  | 23,919 |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses |  |  |  |  |  | 34,523 |  |  | 34,380 |
Pre-opening costs |  |  |  |  |  | 582 |  |  | 62 |
Other charges (gains), net |  |  |  |  |  | 9,759 |  |  | 5,307 |
Total costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  | 413,631 |  |  | 391,180 |
Income from operations |  |  |  |  |  | 4,337 |  |  | 4,370 |
Other expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net and other |  |  |  |  |  | 7,417 |  |  | 7,413 |
Loss before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  | (3,080) |  |  | (3,043) |
Income tax provision (benefit) |  |  |  |  |  | 20 |  |  | 62 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (3,100) |  |  | $ | (3,105) |
Loss per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.19) |  |  | $ | (0.20) |
Diluted |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.19) |  |  | $ | (0.20) |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  |  | 15,996 |  |  | 15,748 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  |  | 15,996 |  |  | 15,748 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  | 11 |
Total comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (3,092) |  |  | $ | (3,094) |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
2

Table of Contents
RED ROBIN GOURMET BURGERS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)

|  | Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss), net of tax |  |  |  |
|  | Paid-in Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |
(in thousands) |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  | Total
Balance, December 26, 2021 |  | 20,449 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | 4,727 |  |  | $ | (192,803) |  |  | $ | 242,560 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 27,196 |  |  | $ | 76,974 |
Exercise of options, issuance of restricted stock, shares exchanged for exercise and tax, and stock issued through employee stock purchase plan |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (64) |  |  | 2,781 |  |  | (2,846) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (65) |
Non-cash stock compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,042 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,042 |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,105) |  |  | (3,105) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Balance, April 17, 2022 |  | 20,449 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | 4,663 |  |  | $ | (190,022) |  |  | $ | 242,756 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 24,091 |  |  | $ | 76,857 |

|  | Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss), net of tax |  |  |  |
|  | Paid-in Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings (Deficit) |  |
(in thousands) |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  | Total
Balance, December 25, 2022 |  | 20,449 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | 4,515 |  |  | $ | (182,810) |  |  | $ | 238,803 |  |  | $ | (34) |  |  | $ | (50,604) |  |  | $ | 5,375 |
Exercise of options, issuance of restricted stock, shares exchanged for exercise and tax, and stock issued through employee stock purchase plan |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (129) |  |  | 5,330 |  |  | (5,106) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 224 |
Non-cash stock compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,179 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,179 |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,100) |  |  | (3,100) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |
Balance, April 16, 2023 |  | 20,449 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | 4,386 |  |  | $ | (177,480) |  |  | $ | 235,876 |  |  | $ | (26) |  |  | $ | (53,704) |  |  | $ | 4,686 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

Table of Contents
RED ROBIN GOURMET BURGERS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)

|  | Sixteen Weeks Ended
(in thousands) |  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (3,100) |  |  | $ | (3,105) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 21,825 |  |  | 23,919 |
Gift card breakage |  | (4,965) |  |  | (7,819) |
Asset impairment |  | 694 |  |  | 2,122 |
Non-cash other charges, net |  | 770 |  |  | (191) |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | 2,172 |  |  | 3,042 |
Other, net |  | 606 |  |  | 2,266 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | 8,907 |  |  | 8,852 |
Income tax receivable |  | 89 |  |  | 2,581 |
Inventories |  | 1,068 |  |  | (162) |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | (399) |  |  | 1,883 |
Operating lease assets, net of liabilities |  | (3,654) |  |  | (4,623) |
Trade accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | 1,086 |  |  | 3,288 |
Unearned revenue |  | (7,949) |  |  | (8,408) |
Other operating assets and liabilities, net |  | 192 |  |  | (10,349) |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 17,342 |  |  | 13,296 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, equipment, and intangible assets |  | (16,084) |  |  | (9,716) |
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment and other investing activities |  | — |  |  | 168 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (16,084) |  |  | (9,548) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |
Borrowings of long-term debt |  | — |  |  | 282,151 |
Payments of long-term debt and finance leases |  | (1,241) |  |  | (261,800) |
Debt issuance costs |  | — |  |  | (4,869) |
Proceeds from other financing activities, net |  | 224 |  |  | (65) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | (1,017) |  |  | 15,417 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  | (1) |  |  | 8 |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  | 240 |  |  | 19,173 |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |  | 58,206 |  |  | 22,750 |
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period |  | $ | 58,446 |  |  | $ | 41,923 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information |  |  |  |
Income tax paid (refund received), net |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | (2,519) |
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized |  | $ | 5,475 |  |  | $ | 3,374 |
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations |  | $ | 7,465 |  |  | $ | 3,382 |
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for finance lease obligations |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 746 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

Table of Contents
RED ROBIN GOURMET BURGERS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Basis of Presentation and Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Red Robin Gourmet Burgers, Inc., a Delaware corporation, together with its subsidiaries ("Red Robin" or the "Company"), primarily operates, franchises, and develops full-service restaurants in North America. As of April 16, 2023, the Company owned and operated 415 restaurants located in 38 states. The Company also had 96 franchised full-service restaurants in 16 states and one Canadian province. The Company operates its business as one operating and one reportable segment.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Red Robin and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company's financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year.
The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Red Robin have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), including the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the Company's annual consolidated financial statements on Form 10-K have been condensed or omitted. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 25, 2022 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures required for audited annual financial statements. For further information, please refer to and read these interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2022 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2023.
Our current, prior, and upcoming year periods, period end dates, and number of weeks included in the period are summarized in the table below:

Periods |  | Period End Date |  | Number of Weeks in Period
Current and Prior Fiscal Quarters: |  |  |  |
First Quarter 2023 |  | April 16, 2023 |  | 16
First Quarter 2022 |  | April 17, 2022 |  | 16
Current and Prior Fiscal Years: |  |  |  |
Fiscal Year 2023 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | 53
Fiscal Year 2022 |  | December 25, 2022 |  | 52
Upcoming fiscal year: |  |  |  |
Fiscal Year 2024 |  | December 29, 2024 |  | 52

5

Table of Contents
2. Revenue
Disaggregation of revenue
In the following table, revenue is disaggregated by type of good or service (in thousands):

|  |  |  | Sixteen Weeks Ended
|  |  |  |  |  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022
Restaurant revenue |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 406,893 |  |  | $ | 380,612 |
Franchise revenue |  |  |  |  |  | 5,283 |  |  | 6,280 |
Gift card breakage |  |  |  |  |  | 4,965 |  |  | 7,819 |
Other revenue |  |  |  |  |  | 827 |  |  | 839 |
Total revenues |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 417,968 |  |  | $ | 395,550 |

Contract Liabilities
Components of Unearned revenue in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows (in thousands):

| April 16, 2023 |  | December 25, 2022
Unearned gift card revenue | $ | 19,088 |  |  | $ | 32,251 |
Deferred loyalty revenue | $ | 11,356 |  |  | $ | 11,107 |

Revenue recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the redemption and breakage of gift cards that were included in the liability balance at the beginning of the fiscal year was as follows (in thousands):

| Sixteen Weeks Ended
| April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022
Gift card revenue | $ | 14,574 |  |  | $ | 16,859 |

3. Leases
The components of lease expense, including variable lease costs primarily consisting of common area maintenance charges and real estate taxes, are included in Occupancy on our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss as follows (in thousands):

|  |  |  | Sixteen Weeks Ended
|  |  |  |  |  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022
Operating lease cost |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 20,895 |  |  | $ | 21,689 |
Finance lease cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of right of use assets |  |  |  |  |  | 327 |  |  | 342 |
Interest on lease liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | 173 |  |  | 145 |
Total finance lease cost |  |  |  |  |  | 500 |  |  | 487 |
Variable lease cost |  |  |  |  |  | 5,792 |  |  | 6,325 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 27,187 |  |  | $ | 28,501 |

4. Loss Per Share
Basic loss per share amounts are calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share amounts are calculated based upon the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive shares are excluded from the computation in periods in which they have an anti-dilutive effect. Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if holders of options exercised their options into common stock. As the Company was in a net loss position for both the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 and April 17, 2022, all potentially dilutive common shares are considered anti-dilutive.
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The Company uses the treasury stock method to calculate the effect of outstanding stock options and awards. Basic weighted average shares outstanding is reconciled to diluted weighted average shares outstanding as follows (in thousands):

|  |  | Sixteen Weeks Ended
|  |  |  |  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022
Basic weighted average shares outstanding |  |  |  |  | 15,996 |  |  | 15,748 |
Dilutive effect of stock options and awards |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding |  |  |  |  | 15,996 |  |  | 15,748 |
Awards excluded due to anti-dilutive effect on diluted loss per share |  |  |  |  | 1,368 |  |  | 885 |

5. Other Charges (Gains), net
Other charges (gains), net consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | Sixteen Weeks Ended |  |
|  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022 |  |  |  |
Litigation contingencies |  | $ | 4,300 |  |  | $ | 1,720 |  |  |  |  |
Severance and executive transition |  | 1,891 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Restaurant closure costs, net |  | 1,750 |  |  | 949 |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 1,062 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Asset impairment |  | 694 |  |  | 2,122 |  |  |  |  |
Closed corporate office costs, net of sublease income |  | 62 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Other financing costs |  | — |  |  | 309 |  |  |  |  |
COVID-19 related charges |  | — |  |  | 207 |  |  |  |  |
Other charges (gains), net |  | $ | 9,759 |  |  | $ | 5,307 |  |  |  |  |

Litigation contingencies during the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 and April 17, 2022 represent reserves for various in progress legal matters.
Severance and executive transition costs include one-time termination benefits related to a reduction in force of Team Members and costs associated with changes in leadership positions as a result of our strategic pivot and are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations. The Company expects to make the remaining payments related to these benefits in 2023.
The Company expects to incur a total of approximately $5.0 million in termination benefits, of which it has incurred a cumulative total of $4.4 million through April 16, 2023. Approximately $1.5 million in one-time termination benefits was incurred and recorded in Other charges in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss during the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023. A reconciliation of our termination benefits liability, which is included in Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets is as follows:

| Termination Benefits
Balance as of December 25, 2022 | $ | 2,505 |
Charges | 1,476 |
Cash Payments | (2,788) |
Balance as of April 16, 2023 | $ | 1,193 |

Restaurant closure costs (gains) include the ongoing restaurant operating costs of the Company-owned restaurants incurred for closed restaurants and closed restaurant lease termination gains or losses.
Other includes non-cash charges primarily related to terminated capital projects, disposals, and lease terminations.
The Company recognized non-cash impairment charges related to subleasing additional space at the Company's closed corporate office during the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023. The Company recognized non-cash impairment charges related to restaurant assets at three Company-owned restaurants for the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2022.
Closed corporate office, net of sublease income includes expense and sublease income related to a corporate office facility that was vacated and subleased.
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Other financing costs include fees related to the entry by the Company into the new Credit Agreement (as defined below) on March 4, 2022 that were not capitalized with the closing of the Credit Facility. See Note 6. Borrowings.
COVID-19 related costs include the costs of purchasing personal protective equipment for restaurant Team Members and Guests and emergency sick pay provided to restaurant Team Members related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
6. Borrowings
Borrowings as of April 16, 2023 and December 25, 2022 are summarized below (in thousands):

|  | April 16, 2023 |  | Variable Interest Rate |  | December 25, 2022 |  | Variable Interest Rate
Revolving line of credit |  | $ | 15,000 |  |  | 11.37 | % |  | $ | 15,000 |  |  | 10.44 | %
Term loan |  | 198,000 |  |  | 12.12 | % |  | 199,000 |  |  | 9.81 | %
Notes payable |  | 875 |  |  |  |  | 875 |  |  |
Total borrowings |  | 213,875 |  |  |  |  | 214,875 |  |  |
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts(1) |  | 7,812 |  |  |  |  | 8,345 |  |  |
Less: current portion of long-term debt |  | 2,875 |  |  |  |  | 3,375 |  |  |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 203,188 |  |  |  |  | $ | 203,155 |  |  |
Revolving line of credit unamortized deferred financing charges(1): |  | $ | 915 |  |  |  |  | $ | 988 |  |  |

(1) Loan origination costs associated with the Company's credit facility are included as deferred costs in Other assets, net for financing charges allocated to the Revolving line of credit, and Long-term debt for financing charges associated with the term loan in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Credit Agreement
On March 4, 2022, the Company replaced its prior amended and restated credit agreement (the "Prior Credit Agreement") with a new Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") by and among the Company, Red Robin International, Inc., as the borrower, the lenders from time to time party thereto, the issuing banks from time to time party thereto, Fortress Credit Corp., as Administrative Agent and as Collateral Agent and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Sole Lead Arranger and Sole Bookrunner. The five-year $225.0 million Credit Agreement provides for a $25.0 million revolving line of credit and a $200.0 million term loan (collectively, the "Credit Facility"). The borrower maintains the option to increase the amount of borrowings available under the Credit Agreement in the future, subject to lenders’ participation, by up to an additional $40.0 million in the aggregate on the terms and conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement.
The Credit Facility will mature on March 4, 2027. No amortization is required with respect to the revolving Credit Facility. The term loans require quarterly principal payments in an aggregate annual amount equal to 1.0% of the original principal amount of the term loan. The Credit Facility's interest rate references the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), a new index calculated by short-term repurchase agreements and backed by U.S. Treasury securities, or the Alternate Base Rate ("ABR"), which represents the highest of (a) the Prime Rate, (b) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5% per annum, or (c) one-month term SOFR plus 1.0% per annum.
Red Robin International, Inc. is the borrower under the Credit Agreement, and certain of its subsidiaries and the Company are guarantors of borrower’s obligations under the Credit Agreement. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of the assets of the borrower and the guarantors, including the Company, and are available to: (i) refinance certain existing indebtedness of the borrower and its subsidiaries, (ii) pay any fees and expenses in connection with the Credit Agreement, and (iii) provide for the working capital and general corporate requirements of the Company, the borrower and its subsidiaries, including permitted acquisitions and capital expenditures, but excluding restricted payments.
On March 4, 2022, Red Robin International, Inc., the Company, and the guarantors also entered into a Pledge and Security Agreement (the “Security Agreement”) granting to the Administrative Agent a first priority security interest in substantially all of the assets of the borrower and the guarantors to secure the obligations under the Credit Agreement. This new Security Agreement replaced the existing security agreement, dated January 10, 2020, which was entered into in connection with the Prior Credit Agreement.
Red Robin International, Inc. as the borrower is obligated to pay customary fees to the agents, lenders and issuing banks under the Credit Agreement with respect to providing, maintaining, or administering, as applicable, the credit facilities.
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In connection with entry into the new Credit Agreement, the Company’s Prior Credit Agreement was terminated. In connection with such termination and new borrowings under the new Credit Agreement, the Company paid off all outstanding borrowings, accrued interest, and fees under the Prior Credit Agreement.
The summary descriptions of the Credit Agreement and the Security Agreement do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of the Credit Agreement and the Security Agreement, respectively, which were filed as exhibits to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 10, 2022.
During the first quarter of 2022, the Company expensed approximately $1.7 million of deferred financing charges related to the extinguishment of the Prior Credit Agreement on March 4, 2022. These charges were recorded to interest expense, net and other on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2022. In association with the execution of the new Credit Agreement, the Company recognized $4.8 million of deferred financing charges, and $6.1 million of original issuance discount.
7. Fair Value Measurements
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The carrying amounts of the Company's cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and current accrued expenses and other liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature or maturity of the instruments.
The Company maintains a rabbi trust to fund obligations under a deferred compensation plan. Amounts in the rabbi trust are invested in mutual funds, which are designated as trading securities and carried at fair value and are included in Other assets, net in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Fair market value of mutual funds is measured using level 1 inputs (quoted prices for identical assets in active markets).
The following tables present the Company's assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis included in Other assets, net on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 16, 2023 and December 25, 2022 (in thousands):

|  | April 16, 2023 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in rabbi trust |  | $ | 3,165 |  |  | $ | 3,165 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total assets measured at fair value |  | $ | 3,165 |  |  | $ | 3,165 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
|  | December 25, 2022 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in rabbi trust |  | $ | 4,250 |  |  | $ | 4,250 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total assets measured at fair value |  | $ | 4,250 |  |  | $ | 4,250 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Assets and liabilities recognized or disclosed at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements on a nonrecurring basis include items such as property, plant and equipment, right of use assets, and other intangible assets. These assets are measured at fair value if determined to be impaired.
The Company has measured non-financial assets for impairment using continuing and projected future cash flows, which were based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represented a level 3 fair value measurement. See Note 5. Other Charges (Gains), net.
We impaired long-lived assets with a carrying value (including right of use lease assets) of $1.0 million, recognizing an impairment expense of $0.7 million during the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023, related to the net book value of these long-lived restaurant assets. We determined the fair value of these long-lived assets to be $0.3 million in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023. The impairment was recorded as a result of quantitative impairment analyses.
Disclosures of Fair Value of Other Assets and Liabilities
The Company's liability under its credit facility is carried at historical cost in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of April 16, 2023, the fair value of the credit facility was approximately $214.4 million and the principal amount carrying value was $213.0 million. The credit facility term loan is reported net of $7.8 million in unamortized discount and debt issuance costs in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of April 16, 2023. The carrying value of the credit facility was $214.0 million and the fair value of the credit facility was $205.1 million as of December 25, 2022. The interest rate on the credit facility represents a level 2 fair value input.
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8. Commitments and Contingencies
Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, assessing contingencies related to litigation is a complex process involving highly subjective judgment about potential outcomes of future events. When evaluating litigation contingencies, we may be unable to provide a meaningful estimate due to a number of factors, including the procedural status of the matter in question, the availability of appellate remedies, insurance coverage related to the claim or claims in question, the presence of complex or novel legal theories, and the ongoing discovery and development of information important to the matter. In addition, damage amounts claimed in litigation against us may be unsupported, exaggerated, or unrelated to possible outcomes, and as such are not meaningful indicators of our potential liability or financial exposure. Accordingly, we review the adequacy of accruals and disclosures each quarter in consultation with legal counsel, and we assess the probability and range of possible losses associated with contingencies for potential accrual in the condensed consolidated financial statements. However, the ultimate resolution of litigated claims may differ from our current estimates.
In the normal course of business, there are various claims in process, matters in litigation, and other contingencies, certain of which are covered by insurance policies. While it is not possible to predict the outcome of these suits, legal proceedings, and claims with certainty, management is of the opinion that adequate provision for potential losses associated with these matters has been made in the financial statements and that the ultimate resolution of any one of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. A significant increase in the number of these claims, or one or more successful claims resulting in greater liabilities than we currently anticipate, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
As of April 16, 2023, we had a balance of $8.9 million for loss contingencies included within Accrued liabilities and other on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. In the normal course of business, there are various claims in process, matters in litigation, administrative proceedings, and other contingencies. These include employment related claims and class action lawsuits, claims from Guests or Team Members alleging illness, injury, food quality, health, or operational concerns, and lease and other commercial disputes. We increased our estimate of loss contingency liabilities by approximately $4.3 million in the first quarter of 2023 related to changes during the first quarter in the status of ongoing litigation matters. We ultimately may be subject to greater or less than the accrued amount for this and other matters.
As of April 16, 2023, we had non-cancellable purchase commitments to certain vendors who provide food and beverages and other supplies to our restaurants, for an aggregate of $133.2 million. We expect to fulfill our commitments under these agreements in the normal course of business, and as such, no liability has been recorded.
9. Subsequent Events
On April 17, 2023 and subsequent to first quarter 2023, the Company acquired five Red Robin restaurants in the northeastern United States from a long-term franchisee who retired for approximately $3.3 million plus standard closing adjustments. The Company expects the transaction to result in a business combination; however, determination of the purchase price allocation is not considered practical as of the filing date of the first quarter 2023 Form 10-Q.
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ITEM 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations provides a narrative of our financial performance and condition that should be read in conjunction with the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. All comparisons under this heading between 2023 and 2022 refer to the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 and April 17, 2022, unless otherwise indicated.
Overview
Description of Business
Red Robin Gourmet Burgers, Inc., a Delaware corporation, together with its subsidiaries ("Red Robin," "we," "us," "our," or the "Company"), primarily operates, franchises, and develops full-service restaurants with 511 locations in North America. As of April 16, 2023, the Company owned 415 restaurants located in 38 states. The Company also had 96 franchised full-service restaurants in 16 states and one Canadian province. The Company operates its business as one operating and one reportable segment.
Financial and Operational Highlights
Total revenues are $418.0 million, an increase of $22.4 million compared to 2022.
•Comparable restaurant revenue(1) increased 8.6%.
•Ninth consecutive quarter of positive comparable restaurant revenue(1) growth.
•Comparable restaurant traffic increased 0.6%.
•Comparable restaurant revenue(1) and comparable restaurant traffic both exceeded the industry averages as measured by the Black Box Casual Dining index.
•Comparable restaurant dine-in sales increased 16.4%.
•Comparable restaurant sales for the first thirteen weeks of the quarter increased 10.0%(3).
Net loss of $3.1 million was unchanged compared to 2022.
•GAAP loss per diluted share was $0.19 compared to GAAP loss per diluted share of $0.20 in 2022.
•Adjusted income per diluted share(2) was $0.25 compared to adjusted loss per diluted share of $0.12 in 2022.
Income from operations was $4.3 million, or 1.0% of total revenues, compared to $4.4 million, or 1.1% of total revenues, in 2022.
Restaurant Level Operating Profit Margin(2) (a non-GAAP metric) was 14.7% versus 14.0% in 2022.
Adjusted EBITDA(2) (a non-GAAP metric) was $36.1 million, an $8.1 million increase compared to 2022.
(1) Comparable restaurant revenue represents revenue from Company-owned restaurants that have operated five full quarters as of the end of the period presented.
(2) See below for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, to Net loss; Restaurant Level Operating Profit Margin, a non-GAAP measure, to Income from operations as a percentage of total revenues; and Adjusted income per diluted share, a non-GAAP measure, to Net loss and loss per diluted share.
(3) Comparable restaurant sales for the first thirteen weeks of fiscal 2023 are calculated based on the Company’s point-of-sale sales data, which does not include adjustments for loyalty breakage.
Restaurant Revenue, compared to the same period in the prior year, is presented in the table below:

|  | (millions) |  |  |  |
Restaurant Revenue for the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2022 |  | $ | 380.6 |  |  |  |  |
Increase/(decrease) in comparable restaurant revenue(1) |  | 32.0 |  |  |  |  |
Increase/(decrease) in non-comparable restaurant revenue |  | (5.7) |  |  |  |  |
Total increase/(decrease) |  | 26.3 |  |  |  |  |
Restaurant Revenue for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 |  | $ | 406.9 |  |  |  |  |

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Restaurant revenues, operating costs, and restaurant level operating profit for the period are detailed in the table below:

|  | Sixteen Weeks Ended |  |  |  |
|  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022 |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  |  |  |
Restaurant revenue (millions) |  | $ | 406.9 |  |  | $ | 380.6 |  |  | 6.9 | % |  |  |  |
Restaurant operating costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales |  | 99.7 |  |  | 90.9 |  |  | 9.6 | % |  |  |  |
Labor |  | 145.4 |  |  | 138.1 |  |  | 5.3 | % |  |  |  |
Other operating |  | 72.1 |  |  | 67.9 |  |  | 6.2 | % |  |  |  |
Occupancy |  | 29.8 |  |  | 30.6 |  |  | (2.6) | % |  |  |  |
Total Restaurant Operating Costs |  | $ | 346.9 |  |  | $ | 327.5 |  |  | 18.5 | % |  |  |  |
Restaurant Level Operating Profit(1) |  | $ | 60.0 |  |  | $ | 53.1 |  |  | 12.9 | % |  |  |  |

Restaurant revenues and operating costs as a percentage of restaurant revenue for the period are detailed in the table below:

|  | Sixteen Weeks Ended |  |  |  |
|  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022 |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  |  |  |
Restaurant revenue (millions) |  | $ | 406.9 |  |  | $ | 380.6 |  |  | 6.9 | % |  |  |  |
Restaurant operating costs: |  | (Percentage of Restaurant Revenue) |  | (Basis Points) |  |  |  |
Cost of sales |  | 24.5 | % |  | 23.9 | % |  | 60 |  |  |  |  |
Labor |  | 35.7 |  |  | 36.3 |  |  | (60) |  |  |  |  |
Other operating |  | 17.7 |  |  | 17.8 |  |  | (10) |  |  |  |  |
Occupancy |  | 7.3 |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | (70) |  |  |  |  |
Total Restaurant Operating Costs |  | 85.2 | % |  | 86.0 | % |  | (80) |  |  |  |  |
Restaurant Level Operating Profit(1) |  | 14.7 | % |  | 14.0 | % |  | 70 |  |  |  |  |

Certain percentage and basis point amounts in the table above do not total due to rounding as well as restaurant operating costs being expressed as a percentage of restaurant revenue and not total revenues.
(1) Restaurant Level Operating Profit is a non-GAAP measure. See below for a reconciliation of Restaurant Level Operating Profit to Income from Operations and Income from Operations as a percentage of total revenues.
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The following table summarizes Net loss, loss per diluted share (GAAP measures), and adjusted loss per diluted share (a non-GAAP measure) for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 and April 17, 2022:

|  |  |  | Sixteen Weeks Ended
|  |  |  |  |  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022
Net loss as reported |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (3,100) |  |  | $ | (3,105) |
Loss per share - diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss as reported |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.19) |  |  | $ | (0.20) |
Litigation contingencies |  |  |  |  |  | 0.26 |  |  | 0.11 |
Severance and executive transition |  |  |  |  |  | 0.12 |  |  | — |
Restaurant closure costs, net |  |  |  |  |  | 0.11 |  |  | 0.06 |
Other (1) |  |  |  |  |  | 0.06 |  |  | — |
Asset impairment |  |  |  |  |  | 0.04 |  |  | 0.13 |
Other financing costs(2) |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 0.02 |
COVID-19 related charges |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 0.01 |
Change in estimate, gift card breakage(3) |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (0.33) |
Write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs(4) |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 0.11 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  | (0.16) |  |  | (0.03) |
Adjusted income (loss) per share - diluted |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.25 |  |  | $ | (0.12) |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  |  | 15,996 |  |  | 15,748 |
Diluted(5) |  |  |  |  |  | 16,360 |  |  | 15,748 |

(1) Other includes non-cash charges primarily related to terminated capital projects, disposals, and lease terminations.
(2) Other financing costs includes legal and other charges related to the refinancing of our Prior Credit Agreement in the first quarter of 2022.
(3) During the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2022, the Company re-evaluated the estimated redemption pattern related to gift cards. The impact comprises $5.9 million included in Franchise royalties, fees, and other revenue partially offset by $0.6 million in gift card commission costs included in Selling on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(4) Write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the remaining unamortized debt issuance costs related to our Prior Credit Agreement (as defined below) with the completion of the refinancing of our Prior Credit Agreement in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022.
(5) For the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023, the impact of dilutive shares is included in the calculations as the adjustments for the quarter resulted in adjusted net income. For diluted shares reported on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations, the impact of dilutive shares is excluded due to the reported net loss for the quarter.
We believe the non-GAAP measure of adjusted loss per diluted share gives the reader additional insight into the ongoing operational results of the Company, and it is intended to supplement the presentation of the Company's financial results in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted loss per diluted share excludes the effects of change in estimate, gift card breakage, asset impairment, litigation contingencies, the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs, restaurant closure costs, other financing costs, COVID-19 related charges, severance and executive transition costs, and related income tax effects and other. We have revised our definition of adjusted loss per diluted share to exclude severance and executive transition and other. We did not revise the prior year’s adjusted loss per diluted share because there were no other charges similar in nature to these costs. Other companies may define adjusted net loss per diluted share differently, and as a result our measure of adjusted loss per diluted share may not be directly comparable to those of other companies. Adjusted loss per diluted share should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, net loss as reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP as a measure of performance.
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The following table summarizes Net loss (a GAAP measure), and EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP measures) for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 and April 17, 2022:

| Sixteen Weeks Ended
| April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022
Net loss as reported | $ | (3,100) |  |  | $ | (3,105) |
Interest expense, net | 7,576 |  |  | 7,088 |
Income tax provision (benefit) | 20 |  |  | 62 |
Depreciation and amortization | 21,825 |  |  | 23,919 |
EBITDA | 26,321 |  |  | 27,964 |
Change in accounting estimate, gift card breakage | — |  |  | (5,246) |
Other charges, net: |  |  |
Litigation contingencies | 4,300 |  |  | 1,720 |
Severance and executive transition | 1,891 |  |  | — |
Restaurant closure costs, net | 1,750 |  |  | 949 |
Other | 1,062 |  |  | — |
Asset impairment | 694 |  |  | 2,122 |
Closed corporate office costs, net of sublease income | 62 |  |  | — |
Other financing costs | — |  |  | 309 |
COVID-19 related charges | — |  |  | 207 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 36,080 |  |  | $ | 28,025 |

We believe the non-GAAP measures of EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA give the reader additional insight into the ongoing operational results of the Company, and it is intended to supplement the presentation of the Company's financial results in accordance with GAAP. We define EBITDA as net loss before interest expense, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA further excludes the effects of change in estimate - gift card breakage, asset impairment, litigation contingencies, restaurant closure costs, net, other financing costs, COVID-19 related charges, severance and executive transition costs, and closed corporate office, net of sublease income, and other. We have revised our definition of adjusted EBITDA to exclude other, severance and executive transition costs, and closed corporate office, net of sublease income. We did not revise prior years’ adjusted EBITDA because there were no other charges similar in nature to these costs. Other companies may define EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA differently, and as a result our measure of EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA may not be directly comparable to those of other companies. EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, net loss as reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP as a measure of performance.
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The following table summarizes Income from Operations (a GAAP measure), and Restaurant Level Operating Profit (a non-GAAP measure) for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 and April 17, 2022:

|  | Sixteen Weeks Ended |
|  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022 |  |  |  |
Income from operations |  | $ | 4,337 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,370 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Franchise royalties, fees and other revenue |  | 11,075 |  |  |  |  | 14,938 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Add: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other charges, net |  | 9,759 |  |  |  |  | 5,307 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pre-opening costs |  | 582 |  |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling |  | 7,725 |  |  |  |  | 9,942 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative expenses |  | 26,799 |  |  |  |  | 24,438 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 21,825 |  |  |  |  | 23,919 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restaurant-level operating profit |  | $ | 59,951 |  |  |  |  | $ | 53,100 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income from operations as a percentage of total revenues |  | 1.0% |  |  |  | 1.1% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restaurant-level operating profit margin (as a percentage of restaurant revenue) |  | 14.7% |  |  |  | 14.0% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The Company believes restaurant-level operating profit is an important measure for management and investors because it is widely regarded in the restaurant industry as a useful metric by which to evaluate restaurant-level operating efficiency and performance. The Company defines restaurant-level operating profit to be income from operations less franchise royalties, fees and other revenue, plus other charges, net, pre-opening costs, selling costs, general and administrative expenses, and depreciation and amortization. The measure includes restaurant-level occupancy costs that include fixed rents, percentage rents, common area maintenance charges, real estate and personal property taxes, general liability insurance, and other property costs, but excludes depreciation and amortization expense, substantially all of which is related to restaurant-level assets, because such expenses represent historical sunk costs which do not reflect current cash outlay for the restaurants. The measure also excludes selling costs and general and administrative expenses, and therefore excludes costs associated with selling, general, and administrative functions, and pre-opening costs. The Company excludes Other charges, net because these costs are not related to the ongoing operations of its restaurants. Restaurant-level operating profit is not a measurement determined in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative, to income from operations or net loss as indicators of financial performance. Restaurant-level operating profit as presented may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies in the Company's industry.
Restaurant Data
The following table details restaurant unit data for our Company-owned and franchised locations for the periods indicated:

|  |  |  | Sixteen Weeks Ended
|  |  |  |  |  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022
Company-owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period |  |  |  |  |  | 414 |  |  | 430 |
Opened during the period |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Closed during the period |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |
End of period |  |  |  |  |  | 415 |  |  | 426 |
Franchised: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period |  |  |  |  |  | 97 |  |  | 101 |
Closed during the period |  |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |
End of period |  |  |  |  |  | 96 |  |  | 101 |
Total number of restaurants |  |  |  |  |  | 511 |  |  | 527 |

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The following table presents total Company-owned and franchised restaurants by state or province as of April 16, 2023:

|  | Company-Owned Restaurants |  | Franchised Restaurants
State: |  |  |  |
Arkansas |  | 2 |  | 1
Alaska |  |  |  | 3
Alabama |  | 4 |  |
Arizona |  | 18 |  | 1
California |  | 57 |  |
Colorado |  | 22 |  |
Connecticut |  |  |  | 3
Delaware |  |  |  | 5
Florida |  | 18 |  |
Georgia |  | 6 |  |
Iowa |  | 5 |  |
Idaho |  | 8 |  |
Illinois |  | 20 |  |
Indiana |  | 11 |  |
Kansas |  |  |  | 5
Kentucky |  | 4 |  |
Louisiana |  | 1 |  |
Massachusetts |  | 3 |  | 2
Maryland |  | 12 |  |
Maine |  | 2 |  |
Michigan |  |  |  | 19
Minnesota |  | 4 |  |
Missouri |  | 8 |  | 3
Montana |  |  |  | 1
North Carolina |  | 17 |  |
Nebraska |  | 4 |  |
New Hampshire |  | 3 |  |
New Jersey |  | 11 |  | 1
New Mexico |  | 3 |  |
Nevada |  | 6 |  |
New York |  | 14 |  |
Ohio |  | 17 |  | 2
Oklahoma |  | 5 |  |
Oregon |  | 15 |  | 5
Pennsylvania |  | 11 |  | 20
Rhode Island |  | 1 |  |
South Carolina |  | 4 |  |
South Dakota |  | 1 |  |
Tennessee |  | 9 |  |
Texas |  | 20 |  | 9
Utah |  | 1 |  | 5
Virginia |  | 20 |  |
Washington |  | 37 |  |
Wisconsin |  | 11 |  |
Province: |  |  |  |
British Columbia |  |  |  | 11
Total |  | 415 |  | 96

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Results of Operations
Operating results for each fiscal period presented below are expressed as a percentage of total revenues, except for the components of restaurant operating costs, which are expressed as a percentage of restaurant revenue.
This information has been prepared on a basis consistent with our audited 2022 annual financial statements, and, in the opinion of management, includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the information for the periods presented. Our operating results may fluctuate significantly as a result of a variety of factors, and operating results for any period presented are not necessarily indicative of results for a full fiscal year.

|  |  |  | Sixteen Weeks Ended
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restaurant revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 97.4 | % |  | 96.2 | %
Franchise and other revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | 3.8 |
Total revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | 100.0 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately below): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24.5 |  |  | 23.9 |
Labor |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 35.7 |  |  | 36.3 |
Other operating |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17.7 |  |  | 17.8 |
Occupancy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | 8.0 |
Total restaurant operating costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 85.2 |  |  | 86.0 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5.2 |  |  | 6.0 |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8.3 |  |  | 8.7 |
Pre-opening costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |
Other charges (gains), net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 1.3 |
Income from operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 1.1 |
Interest expense, net and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 1.9 |
Loss before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | (0.8) |
Income tax provision (benefit) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.7) | % |  | (0.8) | %

Revenues

|  |  |  | Sixteen Weeks Ended
(Revenues in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022 |  | Percent Change
Restaurant revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 406,893 |  |  | $ | 380,612 |  |  | 6.9 | %
Franchise and other revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,075 |  |  | 14,938 |  |  | (25.9) | %
Total revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 417,968 |  |  | $ | 395,550 |  |  | 5.7 | %
Average weekly net sales volumes in Company-owned restaurants |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 61,372 |  |  | $ | 55,743 |  |  | 10.1 | %
Total operating weeks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,630 |  |  | 6,828 |  |  | (2.9) | %

Restaurant revenue for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023, which comprises primarily food and beverage sales, increased $26.3 million, or 6.9%, as compared to the first quarter of 2022. Restaurant revenue increased primarily due to an 8.6% increase in Comparable Restaurant Revenue. This increase outweighed the impact of reduced revenue from non-comparable restaurants primarily due to the net impact of restaurant closures and openings.
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The comparable restaurant revenue increase was driven by an 8.0% increase in average Guest check, and a 0.6% increase in Guest count. The increase in average Guest check resulted from a 7.2% increase in menu prices and 0.8% from menu mix. The increase in menu mix was primarily driven by consumer preference to return to dine-in visits that result in a greater check average. Dine-in sales comprised 74.3% of total food and beverage sales during the first quarter of 2023, as compared to 69.5% in the same period in 2022.
Average weekly net sales volumes represent the total restaurant revenue for all Company-owned Red Robin restaurants for each time period presented, divided by the number of operating weeks in the period. Comparable restaurant revenues include those restaurants that have operated five full quarters as of the end of the period presented. Fluctuations in average weekly net sales volumes for Company-owned restaurants reflect the effect of comparable restaurant revenue changes as well as the performance of reopened and new restaurants during the period.
Franchise and other revenue decreased $3.9 million, or 25.9%, for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 compared to the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2022. Franchise revenue declined primarily due to a reduction in the percentage of sales each franchisee is required to contribute to support Selling activities. This reduction results from an increased focus on local restaurant marketing and reduced national and/or mass media channels pursuant to our North Star strategy. The percentage of sales each franchisee is required to contribute could change in the future, as we expect to align contributions with spending levels, subject to compliance with the respective franchise agreement. Franchise restaurants reported an increase of 7.8% comparable restaurant revenue for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. This increase was partially offset by the closure of five franchised locations from April 17, 2022 to April 16, 2023.
Other revenue declined primarily due to a change in accounting estimate in the first quarter of 2022, that resulted in $5.9 million of additional gift card breakage.
Cost of Sales

|  |  |  | Sixteen Weeks Ended
(In thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022 |  | Percent Change
Cost of sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 99,670 |  |  | $ | 90,941 |  |  | 9.6 | %
As a percent of restaurant revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24.5 | % |  | 23.9 | % |  | 0.6 | %

Cost of sales, which comprises food and beverage costs, is variable and generally fluctuates with sales volume. Cost of sales as a percentage of restaurant revenue increased 60 basis points for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily driven by commodity inflation, partially offset by menu pricing.
Labor

|  |  |  | Sixteen Weeks Ended
(In thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022 |  | Percent Change
Labor |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 145,421 |  |  | $ | 138,108 |  |  | 5.3 | %
As a percent of restaurant revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 35.7 | % |  | 36.3 | % |  | (0.6) | %

Labor costs include restaurant-level hourly wages and management salaries as well as related taxes and benefits. For the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023, labor as a percentage of restaurant revenue decreased 60 basis points compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by sales leverage, lower group insurance and workers' compensation costs, partially offset by higher incentive compensation, payroll taxes, and training. Throughout the quarter, we made investments in management and hourly labor to support an enhanced Guest experience.
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Other Operating

|  |  |  | Sixteen Weeks Ended
(In thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022 |  | Percent Change
Other operating |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 72,050 |  |  | $ | 67,864 |  |  | 6.2 | %
As a percent of restaurant revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17.7 | % |  | 17.8 | % |  | (0.1) | %

Other operating costs include costs such as equipment repairs and maintenance costs, restaurant supplies, utilities, restaurant technology, and other miscellaneous costs. For the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023, other operating costs as a percentage of restaurant revenue decreased 10 basis points as compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by lower contract janitorial costs and reduced third party commissions expenses associated with lower off premise mix partially offset by higher repairs and maintenance costs and credit card discounts.
Occupancy

|  |  |  | Sixteen Weeks Ended
(In thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022 |  | Percent Change
Occupancy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 29,801 |  |  | $ | 30,599 |  |  | (2.6) | %
As a percent of restaurant revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7.3 | % |  | 8.0 | % |  | (0.7) | %

Occupancy costs include fixed rents, property taxes, common area maintenance charges, general liability insurance, contingent rents, and other property costs. For the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023, occupancy costs as a percentage of restaurant revenue decreased 70 basis points compared to the same period in 2022 primarily driven by sales leverage.
Our fixed rents for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 and April 17, 2022 were $20.7 million and $21.3 million, a decrease of $0.5 million, due to net Company-owned restaurant closures.
Depreciation and Amortization

|  |  |  | Sixteen Weeks Ended
(In thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022 |  | Percent Change
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 21,825 |  |  | $ | 23,919 |  |  | (8.8) | %
As a percent of total revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5.2 | % |  | 6.0 | % |  | (0.8) | %

Depreciation and amortization include depreciation on capital expenditures for restaurants and corporate assets as well as amortization of reacquired franchise rights, leasehold interests, and certain liquor licenses. For the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023, depreciation and amortization expense as a percentage of revenue decreased 80 basis points compared to the same period in 2022 primarily due to net Company-owned restaurant closures, impaired assets, and sales leverage.
Selling, General, and Administrative

|  |  |  | Sixteen Weeks Ended
(In thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022 |  | Percent Change
Selling, general, and administrative |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 34,523 |  |  | $ | 34,380 |  |  | 0.4 | %
As a percent of total revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8.3 | % |  | 8.7 | % |  | (0.4) | %

Selling, general, and administrative costs include all corporate and administrative functions. Components of this category include marketing and advertising costs; restaurant support center, regional, and franchise support salaries and benefits; travel; professional and consulting fees; corporate information systems; legal expenses; office rent; training; and board of directors expenses.
General, and administrative costs in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 increased $2.4 million, or 9.7%, as compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily driven by increased incentive compensation due to performance, lower capitalized costs due to fewer capital projects, higher travel expenses, increased legal costs, and deferred compensation plan asset market activity, partially offset by a decrease in wages and stock compensation due to the reduction in force and executive transition.
Selling costs in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 decreased $2.2 million, or 22.3%, as compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by lower print agency spend, Donatos® marketing costs, and franchise advertising obligations.
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Pre-opening Costs

|  |  |  | Sixteen Weeks Ended
(In thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022 |  | Percent Change
Pre-opening costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 582 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | 838.7 | %
As a percent of total revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.1 | % |  | — | % |  | 0.1 | %

* Percentage increases and decreases over 100 percent were not considered meaningful
Pre-opening costs, which are expensed as incurred, comprise the costs related to preparing restaurants to introduce Donatos® and other initiatives, as well as direct costs, including labor, occupancy, training, and marketing, incurred related to opening new restaurants and hiring the initial work force. Our pre-opening costs fluctuate from period to period, depending upon, but not limited to, the number of restaurants where Donatos® has been introduced, the number of restaurant openings, the size of the restaurants being opened, and the location of the restaurants. Pre-opening costs for any given quarter will typically include expenses associated with restaurants opened during the quarter as well as expenses related to restaurants opening in subsequent quarters.
We incurred pre-opening costs during the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 related to one new restaurant opening in Glendale, AZ and the rollout of 25 Donatos® locations. As of April 16, 2023, we completed the rollout of Donatos® at 272 company owned restaurants.
Interest Expense, Net and Other
Interest expense, net and other was $7.4 million for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 and April 17, 2022. Interest expense for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 and April 17, 2022 was $7.8 million and $7.1 million, respectively. The $0.7 million increase was primarily due to higher interest rates, partially offset by the write off of approximately $1.7 million of deferred financing charges related to the Company's prior credit facility upon the execution of the Credit Agreement on March 4, 2022. Our weighted average interest rate for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 and April 17, 2022 was 11.6% and 8.2%, respectively.
Interest income and other increased by $0.7 million to income of $0.4 million for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 from expense of $0.3 million in the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2022 due to interest income on bank account balances and investment gains related to a deferred compensation plan for which assets are held in a rabbi trust in the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 compared to investment losses related to the deferred compensation plan in the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2022.
Income Tax Provision
The effective tax rate for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 was a 0.6% expense, compared to a 2.0% expense for the sixteen weeks ended April 17, 2022. The effective tax rate for both periods includes changes in the valuation allowance as a result of originating temporary differences during the year and varies from statutory rates primarily as a result of the valuation allowance as discussed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2022.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash increased $0.2 million to $58.4 million as of April 16, 2023, from $58.2 million at the beginning of the fiscal year. The Company is using available cash flow from operations to maintain existing restaurants and infrastructure, and execute on its long-term strategic initiatives. As of April 16, 2023, the Company had approximately $59.0 million in liquidity, including cash and cash equivalents and available borrowing capacity under our Credit Facility.
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Cash Flows
The table below summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities for each period presented (in thousands):

|  | Sixteen Weeks Ended
|  | April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | $ | 17,342 |  |  | $ | 13,296 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (16,084) |  |  | (9,548) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | (1,017) |  |  | 15,417 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  | (1) |  |  | 8 |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  | $ | 240 |  |  | $ | 19,173 |

Operating Cash Flows
Net cash flows provided by operating activities increased $4.0 million to $17.3 million for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities is primarily attributable to the increase in restaurant level profitability and changes in working capital, partially offset by higher non-restaurant costs and decreased cash from earnings after non-cash items, as presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Investing Cash Flows
Net cash flows used in investing activities increased $6.5 million to $16.1 million for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023, as compared to $9.5 million for the same period in 2022. The increase is primarily due to a faster pace of Donatos® installations and increased investment in restaurant improvements.
The following table lists the components of our capital expenditures, net of currency translation, for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 and April 17, 2022 (in thousands):

| Sixteen Weeks Ended
| April 16, 2023 |  | April 17, 2022
Restaurant improvement capital and other | $ | 7,433 |  |  | $ | 4,856 |
Donatos® expansion | 5,878 |  |  | 1,176 |
Technology, infrastructure, and other | 1,731 |  |  | 3,116 |
New restaurants and restaurant refreshes | 1,042 |  |  | 568 |
Total capital expenditures | $ | 16,084 |  |  | $ | 9,716 |

Financing Cash Flows
Net cash flows used in financing activities were $1.0 million for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023, as compared to net cash flows provided by financing activities of $15.4 million in the same period in 2022.
In 2022, financing activities were a source of cash, due to net draws made on long-term debt as a result of the Company's refinancing of debt on March 4, 2022. In 2023, the use of cash results primarily from standard principal payments due under the terms of the Company’s Credit Agreement.
Credit Facility
On March 4, 2022 the Company replaced its prior amended and restated Credit Agreement (the "Prior Credit Agreement") with a new Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement"), which provides for a new Senior Secured Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility (the "Credit Facility"). The Credit Agreement's interest rate references the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), a new index calculated by short-term repurchase agreements and backed by U.S. Treasury securities, or the Alternate Base Rate ("ABR"), which represents the highest of (a) the Prime Rate, (b) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5% per annum, or (c) one-month term SOFR plus 1.0% per annum.
As of April 16, 2023, the Company had outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility of $205.2 million net of $7.8 million of unamortized deferred financing charges and discounts, of which $2.9 million was classified as current. As of April 16, 2023, the Company had $10.0 million of available borrowing capacity under its Credit Facility.
As of April 16, 2023, the Company had $9.0 million of letters of credit issued against cash collateral, compared to $9.1 million as of the prior comparable period. The Company's cash collateral is recorded in Restricted cash on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the quarter ended April 16, 2023.
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Covenants
We are subject to a number of customary covenants under our Credit Facility, including limitations on additional borrowings, acquisitions, stock repurchases, sales of assets, and dividend payments, as well as a Total Net Leverage ratio covenant. As of April 16, 2023, we were in compliance with all debt covenants.
Debt Outstanding
Total debt outstanding decreased $1.0 million to $213.9 million at April 16, 2023, from $214.9 million at December 25, 2022, primarily driven by payments of long-term debt during the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023.
Working Capital
We typically maintain current liabilities in excess of our current assets which results in a working capital deficit. We are able to operate with a working capital deficit because restaurant sales are primarily conducted on a cash or credit card basis. Rapid turnover of inventory results in limited investment in inventories, and cash from sales is usually received before related payables for food, supplies, and payroll become due. In addition, receipts from the sale of gift cards are received well in advance of related redemptions. Rather than maintain higher cash balances that would result from this pattern of operating cash flows, we typically utilize operating cash flows in excess of those required for currently maturing liabilities to pay for capital expenditures, debt repayment, or to repurchase stock as allowed. When necessary, we utilize our credit facility to satisfy short-term liquidity requirements. We believe our future cash flows generated from restaurant operations combined with our remaining borrowing capacity under the credit facility will be sufficient to satisfy any working capital deficits and our planned capital expenditures.
Share Repurchase
On August 9, 2018, the Company's board of directors authorized the Company's current share repurchase program of up to a total of $75 million of the Company's common stock. The share repurchase authorization was effective as of August 9, 2018, and will terminate upon completing repurchases of $75 million of common stock unless otherwise terminated by the board. Pursuant to the repurchase program, purchases may be made from time to time at the Company's discretion and the Company is not obligated to acquire any particular amount of common stock. From the date of the current program approval through April 16, 2023, we have repurchased a total of 226,500 shares at an average price of $29.14 per share for an aggregate amount of $6.6 million. Accordingly, as of April 16, 2023, we had $68.4 million of availability under the current share repurchase program.
Effective March 14, 2020, the Company temporarily suspended its share repurchase program to provide additional liquidity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company reserves the right to re-instate this program at any time. The new Credit Agreement limits our ability to repurchase shares to certain conditions set forth by the lenders in the new Credit Facility.
Seasonality
Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuations. Historically, sales in most of our restaurants were greater during the summer months and winter holiday season and lesser during the fall season. As a result, our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly. Accordingly, results for any one quarter are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other quarter.
Contractual Obligations
There were no other material changes outside the ordinary course of business to our contractual obligations since the filing of the 2022 Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2022. Our current purchase obligations for system-wide fixed price commitments for food, beverage, equipment, and restaurant supply items are $137.6 million as of April 16, 2023 of which $27.9 million are due in 2023.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Critical accounting policies and estimates are those we believe are both significant and that require us to make difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, often because we need to estimate the effect of inherently uncertain matters. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experiences and various other factors we believe to be appropriate under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates, including our estimates of future restaurant level cash flows, which are subject to the current economic environment and potentially unknown future events, and we might obtain different results if we use different assumptions or conditions. We had no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates which were disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2022.
Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
None noted.
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Forward-Looking Statements
Certain information and statements contained in this report are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the "PSLRA") codified at Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Forward-looking statements include statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions, plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events or performance, and underlying assumptions and other statements which are other than statements of historical facts. These statements may be identified, without limitation, by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "anticipate," "assume," "believe," "could," "estimate," "expect," "future," "intend," "may," "plan," "project," "will," "would," and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements in this report relate to, among other things: (i) our business objectives and strategic plans; (ii) working capital, and the ability of our future cash flows from restaurant operations and our borrowing capacity to satisfy future working capital deficits and capital expenditures; (iii) our share repurchase program; (iv) our expectations about restaurant operating costs, including commodity and food prices and labor and energy costs, and our ability to mitigate potential increases in such costs; (v) anticipated continued investments in our partnership with Donatos® and other restaurant improvements, including the timing thereof; (vi) our expectations about anticipated uses of, and risks associated with, future cash flows, liquidity, capital expenditures, other capital deployment opportunities and taxes; (vii) the seasonality of our business; (viii) our ability to successfully implement, and our expectations regarding, our North Star five-point plan to enhance the Company’s competitive positioning, including the timing of our expected payments in connection with severance and executive transition costs; (ix) litigation contingencies and the adequacy of our reserves for legal matters; (x) our expectations regarding, and our ability to mitigate changes in, interest rates, commodity prices and other factors; and (xi) recently announced transactions including sale-leaseback transactions and acquisitions of certain restaurants from a franchisee.
Although we believe the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, such expectations may prove to be materially incorrect due to known and unknown risks and uncertainties.
In some cases, information regarding certain important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from a forward-looking statement appears together with such statement. In addition, the factors described under Risk Factors, as well as other possible factors not listed, could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, the following:
•our ability to implement, and the effectiveness of, the Company's strategic initiatives, including our North Star plan, labor models, service and operational improvement initiatives;
•general economic conditions, including changes in consumer disposable income, weather conditions, and related events in regions where our restaurants are operated;
•menu changes, including the anticipated sales growth, costs, and timing of restaurant improvements including the Donatos® expansion;
•the implementation of and realization of benefits from our restaurant management transition program;
•changes in consumer spending trends and habits;
•changes in the cost and availability of key food products, distribution, labor, and energy;
•the adequacy of cash flows and the cost and availability of capital or Credit Facility borrowings and our potential sale-leaseback transactions;
•expectations relating to our recently announced acquisition of certain restaurants from a franchisee;
•the impact of, and changes in, federal, state, or local laws and regulations affecting the operation of our restaurants, including minimum wages, consumer health and safety, health insurance coverage, nutritional disclosures, and employment eligibility-related documentation requirements;
•changes in interest rates and commodity prices, and our ability to mitigate the impacts of such changes;
•risks associated with our stock repurchase program;
•costs and other effects of legal claims by Team Members, franchisees, customers, vendors, stockholders, and others, including negative publicity regarding food safety or cyber security; and
•the other Risk Factors identified in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2022.
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All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which it is made or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances.
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ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There has been no material change in the interest rate risk or commodity price risk since the filing of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2022.
We continue to monitor our interest rate risk on an ongoing basis and may use interest rate swaps or similar instruments in the future to manage our exposure to interest rate changes related to our borrowings as the Company deems appropriate. As of April 16, 2023, we had $213.0 million of borrowings subject to variable interest rates. A 1.0% change in the effective interest rate applied to these loans would have resulted in pre-tax interest expense fluctuation of $2.1 million on an annualized basis.
The Company's restaurant menus are highly dependent upon a few select commodities, including ground beef, poultry, and potatoes. We may or may not have the ability to increase menu prices, or vary menu items, in response to commodity price increases. A 1.0% increase in food and beverage costs would negatively impact cost of sales by approximately $3.2 million on an annualized basis.
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company's reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the management of the Company ("Management"), including the Company's Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. The Company's CEO and CFO have concluded that, based upon the evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company's most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings
Evaluating contingencies related to litigation is a complex process involving subjective judgment on the potential outcome of future events and the ultimate resolution of litigated claims may differ from our current analysis. Accordingly, we review the adequacy of accruals and disclosures each quarter in consultation with legal counsel and we assess the probability and range of possible losses associated with contingencies for potential accrual in the consolidated financial statements.
For further information related to our litigation contingencies, see Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies, in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
Risk factors associated with our business are contained in Item 1A, "Risk Factors," of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2022 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2023. There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in the fiscal year 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
During the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023, the Company did not have any sales of securities in transactions that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, that have not been reported in a Current Report on Form 8-K, nor were any share repurchases made by the Company.
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ITEM 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  | Description
(3.1) |  | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Red Robin Gourmet Burgers, Inc., dated as of May 28, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 29, 2015.
(3.2) |  | Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws dated March 20, 2023. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 24, 2023.
(3.3) |  | Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws dated March 20, 2023, marked to show amendments effective as of March 20, 2023. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 24, 2023.
(4.1) |  | Specimen stock certificate. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 1 of our Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on June 10, 2002 (Registration No. 333-87044).
(4.2) |  | Amendment No. 1 to Rights Agreement, dated as of April 10, 2020, by and between Red Robin Gourmet Burgers, Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as rights agent. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 13, 2020.
10.1 |  | Employment Agreement by and between Red Robin Gourmet Burgers, Inc. and Kevin Mayer, dated April 20, 2023.
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer
32.1 |  | Section 1350 Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
101 |  | The following financial information from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Red Robin Gourmet Burgers, Inc. for the quarter ended April 16, 2023 formatted in XBRL (extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at April 16, 2023 and December 25, 2022; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 and April 17, 2022; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity at April 16, 2023 and April 17, 2022; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the sixteen weeks ended April 16, 2023 and April 17, 2022; and (v) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

( ) Exhibits previously filed in the Company's periodic filings as specifically noted.
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | RED ROBIN GOURMET BURGERS, INC. (Registrant)
May 24, 2023 |  | By: |  | /s/ Todd Wilson
(Date) |  |  |  | Todd Wilson (Chief Financial Officer)

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