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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Consolidation The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The Company prepares the condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). In preparing these statements, the Company is required to use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates and assumptions. On an ongoing basis, the Company reviews its estimates, including, but not limited to, those related to inventory valuation and obsolescence, sales returns, income taxes and tax valuation reserves, transfer pricing methodology and positions, impairment of assets, share-based compensation, and loss contingencies. Foreign Currency Translation A portion of the Company’s business operations occurs outside the United States. The local currency of each of the Company’s subsidiaries is generally its functional currency. All assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates existing at the balance sheet dates, revenue and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates and stockholders’ equity is recorded at historical exchange rates. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and as a component of comprehensive income. Transaction gains and losses are included in other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, net foreign currency losses of $0.5 million and $44,000, respectively, are recorded in other expense, net. For the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, net foreign currency losses of $0.5 million and $0.1 million, respectively, are recorded in other expense, net. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities The Company's subsidiaries enter into transactions with each other which may not be denominated in the respective subsidiaries' functional currencies. The Company seeks to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates through the use of derivatives. The Company does not use such derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. To hedge risks associated with the foreign-currency-denominated intercompany transactions, the Company entered into forward foreign exchange contracts which were all settled by the end of March 2020 and were not designated for hedge accounting. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, a realized gain of $0.1 million and a realized loss of $0.1 million, respectively, related to forward contracts, are recorded in other expense, net. For the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, realized losses of $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, related to forward contracts, are recorded in other expense, net. The Company did not hold any derivative instruments at March 31, 2020. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers only its monetary liquid assets with original maturities of three months or less as cash and cash equivalents. Concentration of Credit Risk Accounting guidance for financial instruments requires disclosure of significant concentrations of credit risk regardless of the degree of such risk. Financial instruments with significant credit risk include cash and investments. At March 31, 2020, the Company had $9.2 million in cash accounts at one financial institution and $4.3 million in accounts at other financial institutions. As of March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019, and during the periods then ended, the Company’s cash balances exceeded federally insured limits. Accounts Receivable The Company’s accounts receivable as of March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019 consist primarily of credit card receivables. Based on the Company’s verification process for customer credit cards and historical information available, management has determined that an allowance for doubtful accounts on credit card sales related to its customer sales as of March 31, 2020 is not necessary. No bad debt expense was recorded during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. Inventory As of March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019, inventory consisted of (in thousands):
| March 31, 2020 |  |  |  | June 30, 2019 |  |
Finished goods | $ | 10,330 |  |  | 70.1 | % |  | $ | 9,903 |  |  | 72.0 | %
Raw materials | 4,410 |  |  | 29.9 | % |  | 3,850 |  |  | 28.0 | %
Total inventory | $ | 14,740 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 13,753 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Inventories are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value, using the first-in, first-out method, which includes a reduction in inventory values of $0.2 million and $0.2 million at March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019, respectively, related to obsolete and slow-moving inventory. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company accounts for assets and liabilities using a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company's market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the fair-value hierarchy below. This hierarchy requires the Company to minimize the use of unobservable inputs and to use observable market data, if available, when determining fair value. •Level 1—Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; •Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and •Level 3—Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. Equity securities held by the Company are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments using fair value measurements with unobservable inputs (level 3), in certain circumstances (e.g., when there is evidence of impairment). Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Sales, value add, and other taxes the Company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. The Company generates the majority of its revenue through product sales to customers. These products include the Protandim® line of dietary supplements, LifeVantage® Omega+ and ProBio dietary supplements, the TrueScience® line of Nrf2-infused skin and hair care products, Petandim® for Dogs, Axio® Smart Energy Drink mixes, and the PhysIQ™ Smart Weight Management System. The Company ships most of its product directly to the consumer and receives substantially all payment for product sales in the form of credit card receipts. Revenue from direct product sales to customers is recognized upon shipment, which is when passage of title and risk of loss occurs. For items sold in packs and bundles, the Company determines the standalone selling price at contract inception for each distinct good, and then allocates the transaction price on a relative standalone selling price basis. Any discounts are accounted for as a direct reduction to the transaction price. Shipping and handling revenue is recognized upon shipment when the performance obligation is completed. The Company also charges independent distributors to attend certain events held by the Company. Tickets to events are sold as standalone items or included within packs. For event tickets sold in packs, the Company allocates a portion of the transaction price to the ticket on a relative standalone selling price basis. Any discounts are accounted for as a direct reduction to the transaction price. Fee revenue associated with ticket sales is recorded in the month that the event is held, which is when the Company has performed its obligations under the contract. Estimated returns are recorded when product is shipped. Subject to some exceptions based on local regulations, the Company’s return policy is to provide a full refund for product returned within 30 days. After 30 days of purchase, only unopened product that is in a resalable and restockable condition may be returned within twelve months of purchase and shall receive a 100% refund, less a 10% handling and restocking fee and any shipping and handling costs. The Company establishes a refund liability reserve, and an asset reserve for its right to recover products, based on historical experience. The returns asset reserve and returns liability reserve are evaluated on a quarterly basis. As of March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019, the returns liability reserve, net was $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Shipping and Handling Shipping and handling costs associated with inbound freight and freight out to customers and independent distributors are included in cost of sales. Shipping and handling fees charged to customers are included in revenue. Research and Development Costs The Company expenses all costs related to research and development activities, as incurred. Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Research and development expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were $0.8 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Leases The Company accounts for leases in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 842. The Company reviews all contracts and determines if the arrangement is or contains a lease, at inception. Operating leases are included in right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, current lease liabilities and long-term lease liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company does not have any finance leases. Operating lease ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any upfront lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees. Stock-Based Compensation The Company recognizes stock-based compensation by measuring the cost of services to be rendered based on the grant date fair value of the equity award. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation, net of any estimated forfeitures, over the period an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, generally referred to as the requisite service period. For awards with market-based performance conditions, the cost of the awards is recognized as the requisite service is rendered by employees, regardless of when, if ever, the market-based performance conditions are satisfied. The Black-Scholes option pricing model is used to estimate the fair value of stock options and options under the Company's 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The determination of the fair value of options is affected by the Company's stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. The Company uses historical data for estimating the expected volatility and expected life of stock options required in the Black-Scholes model. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates appropriate for the expected terms of the stock options. The fair value of restricted stock grants is based on the closing market price of the Company's stock on the date of grant less the Company's expected dividend yield. The fair value of performance restricted stock units that include market-based performance conditions is based on the closing market price of the Company's stock on the date of grant less the Company's expected dividend yield, with further adjustments made to reflect the market conditions that must be satisfied in order for the units to vest by using a Monte-Carlo simulation model. Key assumptions for the Monte-Carlo simulation model include the risk-free rate, expected volatility, expected dividends and the correlation coefficient. The fair value of cash-settled performance-based awards, accounted for as liabilities, is remeasured at the end of each reporting period and is based on the closing market price of the Company’s stock on the last day of the reporting period. The Company recognizes compensation costs for awards with performance conditions when it concludes it is probable that the performance conditions will be achieved. The Company reassesses the probability of vesting at each balance sheet date and adjusts compensation costs accordingly. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using statutory tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled, updated as needed for changes in corporate tax rates. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities from a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the effective date of the change. The Company recognizes tax liabilities or benefits from an uncertain position only if it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the issue. The amount recognized would be the largest liability or benefit that the Company believes has greater than a 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. For the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized income tax expense of $0.8 million and $0.2 million, respectively, which is reflective of the Company’s current estimated federal, state and foreign effective tax rate. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future earnings in specific tax jurisdictions, the timing and amount of which are uncertain. Income Per Share Basic income per common share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, less unvested restricted stock awards. Diluted income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average common shares and potentially dilutive common share equivalents using the treasury stock method. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the effects of approximately 9,000 and 18,000 common shares, respectively, issuable upon exercise of options and non-vested shares of restricted stock are not included in computations as their effect was anti-dilutive. For the nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the effects of approximately 0.1 million and 0.3 million common shares, respectively, issuable upon exercise of options and non-vested shares of restricted stock are not included in computations as their effect was anti-dilutive. The following is a reconciliation of net income per share and the weighted-average common shares outstanding for purposes of computing basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 1,661 |  |  | $ | 1,782 |  |  | $ | 7,725 |  |  | $ | 3,522 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding | 14,252 |  |  | 14,165 |  |  | 14,054 |  |  | 14,027 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock awards and options | 437 |  |  | 1,121 |  |  | 538 |  |  | 951 |
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding | 14,689 |  |  | 15,286 |  |  | 14,592 |  |  | 14,978 |
Net income per share, basic | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 0.25 |
Net income per share, diluted | $ | 0.11 |  |  | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  | $ | 0.24 |
Segment Information The Company operates in a single operating segment by selling products directly to customers and through an international network of independent distributors that operates in an integrated manner from market to market. Commissions and incentives expenses are the Company’s largest expense comprised of the commissions paid to its independent distributors. The Company manages its business primarily by managing its international network of independent distributors. The Company disaggregates revenue in two geographic regions: the Americas region and the Asia/Pacific & Europe region. The following table presents the Company's revenue disaggregated by these two geographic regions (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Americas | $ | 40,181 |  |  | $ | 40,366 |  |  | $ | 124,646 |  |  | $ | 123,885 |
Asia/Pacific & Europe | 15,896 |  |  | 15,646 |  |  | 48,901 |  |  | 45,903 |
Total revenue | $ | 56,077 |  |  | $ | 56,012 |  |  | $ | 173,547 |  |  | $ | 169,788 |
Additional information as to the Company’s revenue from operations in the most significant geographical areas is set forth below (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
United States | $ | 37,720 |  |  | $ | 37,598 |  |  | $ | 116,421 |  |  | $ | 115,574 |
Japan | $ | 9,986 |  |  | $ | 10,099 |  |  | $ | 31,541 |  |  | $ | 30,184 |
The following table presents the Company's long-lived assets for its most significant geographic markets:
| March 31, 2020 |  | June 30, 2019
United States | $ | 9,396 |  |  | $ | 9,772 |
Japan | $ | 1,324 |  |  | $ | 955 |
Effect of New Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires all lessees to recognize both a right-of-use asset and lease liability on its balance sheet, representing the obligation to make payments and the right to use or control the use of a specified asset for the lease term. The Company adopted Topic 842 on July 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective transition method. The Company elected the practical expedients available under the provisions of the new standard, including: not reassessing whether expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; not reassessing the classification of expired or existing leases; not reassessing the initial direct cost for any existing leases; and using hindsight in determining the lease term. Upon adoption, the Company recognized cumulative operating lease liabilities of $3.9 million and operating right-of-use assets of $3.3 million. Additionally, a one-time beginning balance adjustment of $0.5 million was recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity due to an update to the expected term of an operating lease.

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