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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

 

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company, State Bank, RFCBC, RDSI, RMC, and SBI. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans, loan servicing rights, valuation of deferred tax assets, other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) and fair value of financial instruments.

Cash Equivalents

Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers all liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, cash equivalents consisted primarily of interest-bearing and non-interest bearing demand deposit balances held by correspondent banks.

Securities

Securities

 

Available-for-sale securities, which include any security for which the Company has no immediate plan to sell but which may be sold in the future, are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded, net of related income tax effects, in other comprehensive income.

 

Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are recorded as interest income from securities. Realized gains and losses are recorded as net security gains (losses). Gains and losses on sales of securities are determined on the specific-identification method.

 

For debt securities with fair value below carrying value when the Company does not intend to sell the debt security, and it is more likely than not the Company will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis, the Company recognizes the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment of the debt security in earnings and the remaining portion in other comprehensive income.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

 

Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or fair value in the aggregate. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to non-interest income. Gains and losses on loan sales are recorded in non-interest income.

Loans

Loans

 

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future, or until maturity or payoffs, are reported at their outstanding principal balances adjusted for any charge-offs, the allowance for loan losses, any deferred fees or costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums or discounts on purchased loans. Interest income is reported on the interest method and includes amortization of net deferred loan fees and costs over the loan term. Generally, loans are placed on non-accrual status not later than 90 days past due. Past due status is based on the contractural terms of the loan. All interest accrued, but not collected for loans that are placed on non-accrual or charged-off, is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Allowance for Loan Losses

Allowance for Loan Losses

 

The allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to income. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the non-collectability of a loan balance is probable. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

 

The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as new information becomes available.

 

The allowance consists of allocated and general components. The allocated component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. For those loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers nonclassified loans and is based on historical charge-off experience and expected loss given default derived from the Company’s internal risk rating process. Other adjustments may be made to the allowance for pools of loans after an assessment of internal or external influences on credit quality that are not fully reflected on the historical loss or risk rating data.

 

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that State Bank will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration each of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial, agricultural, and construction loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

 

When State Bank moves a loan to non-accrual status, total unpaid interest accrued to date is reversed from income. Subsequent payments are applied to the outstanding principal balance with the interest portion of the payment recorded on the balance sheet as a contra-loan. Interest received on impaired loans may be realized once all contractual principal amounts are received or when a borrower establishes a history of six consecutive timely principal and interest payments. It is at the discretion of Management to determine when a loan is placed back on accrual status upon receipt of six consecutive timely payments.

 

Large groups of smaller balance homogenous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, State Bank does not separately identify individual consumer and residential loans for impairment measurements, unless such loans are the subject of a restructuring agreement due to financial difficulties of the borrower.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and Equipment

 

Depreciable assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to expense using the straight-line method for buildings and equipment over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and depreciated using the straight-line method over the terms of the respective leases.

Long-lived Asset Impairment

Long-lived Asset Impairment

 

The Company evaluates the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If a long-lived asset is tested for recoverability and the undiscounted estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, the asset’s cost is adjusted to fair value and an impairment loss is recognized as the amount by which the carrying amount of a long-lived asset exceeds its fair value.

Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

 

Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank stock are required investments for institutions that are members of the Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank systems. The required investment in the common stock is based on a predetermined formula, carried at cost and evaluated for impairment.

Foreclosed Assets Held for Sale

Foreclosed Assets Held for Sale

 

Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less cost to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations related to foreclosed assets and changes in the valuation allowance are included in net income or expense from foreclosed assets.

Goodwill

Goodwill

 

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually. If the implied fair value of goodwill is lower than its carrying amount, goodwill impairment is indicated and goodwill is written down to its implied fair value.

Intangible Assets

Core Deposits and Other Intangibles

 

Intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over weighted-average periods ranging from one to fifteen years. Such assets are periodically evaluated as to the recoverability of their carrying value. Purchased software is being amortized using the straight-line method over periods ranging from one to three years.

Derivatives

Derivatives

 

Derivatives are recognized as assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and measured at fair value. For exchange-traded contracts, fair value is based on quoted market prices. For non-exchange traded contracts, fair value is based on dealer quotes, pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques for which the determination of fair value may require significant management judgment or estimation.

 

Mortgage Servicing Rights

Mortgage Servicing Rights

 

Mortgage servicing assets are recognized separately when rights are acquired through purchase or through sale of financial assets. Under the servicing assets and liabilities accounting guidance (ASC 806-50), servicing rights from the sale or securitization of loans originated by the Company are initially measured at fair value at the date of transfer. The Company subsequently measures each class of servicing asset using the amortization method. Under the amortization method, servicing rights are amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income. The amortized assets are assessed for impairment based on fair value at each reporting date.

 

Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts, when available, or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as the cost of service, the discount rate, the custodial earning rate, an inflation rate, ancillary income, prepayment speeds and default rates and losses. These variables change from quarter to quarter as market conditions and projected interest rates change, and may have an adverse impact on the value of the mortgage servicing right and may result in a reduction to noninterest income.

 

Each class of separately recognized servicing assets subsequently measured using the amortization method is evaluated and measured for impairment. Impairment is determined by stratifying rights into tranches based on predominant characteristics, such as interest rate, loan type and investor type. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance for an individual tranche, to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying amount of the servicing assets for that tranche. The valuation allowance is adjusted to reflect changes in the measurement of impairment after the initial measurement of impairment. Changes in valuation allowances are reported with “Mortgage Loan Servicing Fees, net” on the income statement. Fair value in excess of the carrying amount of servicing assets for that stratum is not recognized.

 

Servicing fee income is recorded for fees earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal or a fixed amount per loan and are recorded as income when earned. The amortization of mortgage servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income.

Share-Based Employee Compensation Plan

Share-Based Employee Compensation Plan

 

At December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had a share-based employee compensation plan, which is described more fully in Note 15.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of Financial Assets

 

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company – put presumptively beyond the reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before the maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance (ASC 740, Income Taxes). The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

 

Uncertain tax positions are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the term “upon examination” also includes resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment.

 

The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.

 

The Company files consolidated income tax returns with its subsidiaries. With a few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. Federal, State and Local examinations by tax authorities for the years before 2011. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had no uncertain income tax positions.

Treasury Shares

Treasury Shares

  

Treasury stock is stated at cost. Cost is determined by the weighted average cost method.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

 

Earnings per common share is computed using the two-class method. Basic earnings per share represent income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share reflect additional potential common shares and convertible preferred shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate solely to outstanding stock options which are determined using the treasury stock method and convertible preferred shares which are determined using the if converted method. Treasury stock shares are not deemed outstanding for earnings per share calculations.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive Income

 

Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income, net of applicable income taxes. Other comprehensive income includes unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on available-for-sale securities, and unrealized and realized gains and losses in derivative financial instruments that qualify for hedge accounting. Accumulated other comprehensive income consists solely of the cumulative unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities net of income tax.

New and applicable accounting pronouncements:

New and applicable accounting pronouncements:

 

Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02: Leases (Topic 842)

  

This ASU is intended to increase transparency and comparibility among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The amendments in this ASU are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and management will need further study to determine the impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements

 

ASU No. 2016-01: Financial Instruments – Recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities (Subtopic 825-10)

  

This ASU makes targeted improvements to generally accepted accounting principles. Specifically, the amendments require equity securities with readily determinable fair values be classified into different categories and require equity securities to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income. The amendments in this ASU are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and management does not believe this ASU will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements

  

ASU No. 2015-16: Business Combinations (Topic 805)

  

This ASU requires an acquirer to recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. Further, an entity must present separately on the face of the income statement or disclose in the notes the portion of the amount recorded in current-period earnings that would have been recorded previously if the provisional amounts had been recorded as of the acquisition date. The amendments in this ASU are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and management does not believe this ASU will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements

  

ASU No. 2015-15: Interest – Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30)

  

This ASU requires entities to present debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability. The amendments in this ASU are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and management does not believe this ASU will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

  

ASU No. 2015-05: Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Subtopic 310-40, Software)

  

This ASU provides guidance for the customer’s accounting treatment for fees paid in a cloud computing arrangement. Existing GAAP does not include explicit guidance regarding this topic. Specifically the ASU indicates how to handle cloud computing arrangements when a software license does and does not exist as part of the arrangement. The amendments in this ASU are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and management does not believe this ASU will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

ASU No. 2015-03 (Sub Topic 835-30): Interest – Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs

 

This ASU simplifies the presentation of debt issuance costs, with the amendments in this ASU requiring that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The amendments in this ASU are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and management does not believe this update will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

ASU No. 2014-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Determining Whether the Host Contract is more Akin to Debt or to Equity.

 

This ASU provides guidance for an entity when hybrid financial instruments are issued in the form of a share. The entity should determine the nature of the host contract by considering the economic characteristics and risks of the entire financial instrument. The determination of these host characteristics may meet the definition of a derivative financial instrument. The amendments in this ASU are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and management does not believe this update will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

ASU No. 2014-12 (Topic 718): Compensation – Stock Compensation

 

This ASU provides guidance for the accounting treatment of share-based payments when the terms provide that a performance target could be achieved after the service period. The treatment requires that the target achievement after the service period be treated as a performance condition. Compensation cost should be recognized in the period in which it becomes probable that the performance target will be achieved and should represent the compensation cost attributable to the period(s) for which the requisite service has already been rendered. The amendments in this ASU are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and management does not believe this update will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.