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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Apr. 30, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Kewaunee Scientific Corporation and subsidiaries (collectively the “Company”) design, manufacture, and install laboratory, healthcare, and technical furniture products. The Company’s products include steel, wood, and laminate furniture, fume hoods, biological safety cabinets, laminare flow and ductless fume hoods, adaptable modular and column systems, movable workstations and carts, epoxy resin worksurfaces, sinks and accessories and related design services. The Company’s sales are made through purchase orders and contracts submitted by customers, dealers and agents, a national stocking distributor, and competitive bids submitted by the Company and its subsidiaries located in Singapore, India, and China. The majority of the Company’s products are sold to customers located in North America, primarily within the United States. The Company’s laboratory products are used in chemistry, physics, biology and other general science laboratories in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, industrial, chemical, commercial, educational, government and health care markets. Technical products are used in facilities manufacturing computers and light electronics and by users of computer and networking furniture. Laminate casework is used in educational, healthcare and industrial applications. Principles of Consolidation The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Kewaunee Scientific Corporation and its five international subsidiaries. A brief description of each subsidiary, along with the amount of the Company’s controlling financial interests, is as follows: (1) Kewaunee Labway Asia Pte. Ltd., a dealer for the Company’s products in Singapore, is 100% owned by the Company; (2) Kewaunee Labway India Pvt. Ltd., a dealer for the Company’s products in Bangalore, India, is 90% owned by the Company; (3) Kewaunee Scientific Corporation India Pvt. Ltd. in Bangalore, India, a manufacturing and assembly operation, is 100% owned by the Company; (4) Kewaunee Scientific Corporation Singapore Pte. Ltd., a holding company in Singapore, is 100% owned by the Company; and (5) Kewaunee Scientific (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., a dealer and assembly operation for the Company’s products in China, is 100% owned by the Company. All intercompany balances, transactions, and profits have been eliminated. Included in the consolidated financial statements are net assets of $12,298,000 and $9,494,000 at April 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, of the Company’s subsidiaries. Net sales by the Company’s subsidiaries in the amount of $25,579,000, $25,730,000 and $19,416,000 were included in the consolidated statements of operations for fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. During the years ended April 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company had cash deposits in excess of FDIC insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses from such deposits. Restricted Cash Restricted cash includes bank deposits of subsidiaries used for performance guarantees against customer orders. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company evaluates the collectability of its trade accounts receivable based on a number of factors. In circumstances where management is aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to the Company, or a project dispute makes it unlikely that all of the receivable owed by a customer will be collected, a specific reserve for bad debts is estimated and recorded to reduce the recognized receivable to the estimated amount the Company believes will ultimately be collected. In addition to specific customer identification of potential bad debts, a general reserve for bad debts is estimated and recorded based on past loss history and an overall assessment of past due trade accounts receivable amounts outstanding. Accounts are written off when it is clearly established that the receivable is a bad debt. Recoveries of receivables previously written off are recorded when received. The activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts for each of the three years ended April 30 was:
$ in thousands |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Balance at beginning of year |  | $ | 171 |  |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 194 |
Bad debt provision |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 116 |
Doubtful accounts written off (net) |  |  | (43 | ) |  |  | (113 | ) |  |  | (81 | )
Balance at end of year |  | $ | 202 |  |  | $ | 171 |  |  | $ | 229 |
Unbilled Receivables Unbilled receivables represent amounts earned which have not yet been billed in accordance with contractually stated billing terms. The amount of unbilled receivables at April 30, 2016 and 2015 was $323,000 and $545,000, respectively. Inventories The majority of inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market under the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) double extension method. The LIFO method allocates the most recent costs to cost of products sold; and, therefore, recognizes into operating results fluctuations in costs of raw materials more quickly than other methods. Inventories at our international subsidiaries are measured on the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is determined for financial reporting purposes principally on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the individual assets or, for leaseholds, over the terms of the related leases, if shorter. Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following at April 30:
$ in thousands |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | Useful Life |
Land |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  |  | N/A |
Building and improvements |  |  | 15,638 |  |  |  | 15,369 |  |  |  | 10-40 years |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 34,249 |  |  |  | 32,757 |  |  |  | 5-10 years |
Total |  |  | 49,928 |  |  |  | 48,167 |  |  |  |  |
Less accumulated depreciation |  |  | (35,810 | ) |  |  | (33,644 | ) |  |  |  |
Net property, plant and equipment |  | $ | 14,118 |  |  | $ | 14,523 |  |  |  |  |
Management reviews the carrying value of property, plant and equipment for impairment whenever changes in circumstances or events indicate that such carrying value may not be recoverable. If projected undiscounted cash flows are not sufficient to recover the carrying value of the potentially impaired asset, the carrying value is reduced to estimated fair value. There were no impairments in fiscal years 2016, 2015 or 2014. Other Assets Other assets at April 30, 2016 and 2015 included $3,867,000 and $3,683,000, respectively, of assets held in a trust account for non-qualified benefit plans and $62,000 and $47,000, respectively, of cash surrender values of life insurance policies. Life insurance policies are recorded at the amount that could be realized under the insurance contract as of the date of the Company’s consolidated balance sheet with the change in cash surrender or contract value being recorded as income or expense during each period. Use of Estimates The presentation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates impacting the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable, inventory valuation, self-insurance reserves, and pension liabilities. Fair Value of Financial Instruments A financial instrument is defined as cash equivalents, evidence of an ownership interest in an entity, or a contract that creates a contractual obligation or right to deliver or receive cash or another financial instrument from another party. The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and equivalents, mutual funds, cash surrender value of life insurance policies and short-term borrowings. The carrying value of these assets and liabilities approximate their fair value. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Expanded disclosures about instruments measured at fair value require the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value as follows:
Level 1 |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date.
Level 2 |  | Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities as of the reporting date.
Level 3 |  | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The following tables summarize the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis as of April 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):
|  | 2016 |
Financial Assets |  |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Trading securities held in non-qualified compensation plans (1) |  |  |  | $ | 3,867 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,867 |
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies (1) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 62 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 3,867 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,929 |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-qualified compensation plans (2) |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,215 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,215 |
Interest rate swap derivatives |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 166 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 166 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,381 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,381 |
|  | 2015 |
Financial Assets |  |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Trading securities held in non-qualified compensation plans (1) |  |  |  | $ | 3,683 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,683 |
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies (1) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 3,683 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,730 |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-qualified compensation plans (2) |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,119 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,119 |
Interest rate swap derivatives |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 203 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 203 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,322 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,322 |
| (1) | The Company maintains two non-qualified compensation plans which include investment assets in a rabbi trust. These assets consist of marketable securities, which are valued using quoted market prices multiplied by the number of shares owned, and life insurance policies, which are valued at their cash surrender value.
| (2) | Plan liabilities are equal to the individual participants’ account balances and other earned retirement benefits.
Revenue Recognition Product sales and installation revenue are recognized when all of the following criteria have been met: (1) products have been shipped, or customers have purchased and accepted title to the goods, but because of construction delays, have requested that the Company temporarily store the finished goods on the customer’s behalf; service revenue for installation of products sold is recognized as the installation services are performed, (2) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (3) the price to the customer is fixed, and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Deferred revenue consists of customer deposits and advance billings of the Company’s products where sales have not yet been recognized. Accounts receivable includes retainage in the amounts of $1,562,000 and $2,231,000 at April 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales. Because of the nature and quality of the Company’s products, any warranty issues are determined in a relatively short period after the sale and are infrequent in nature, and as such, warranty costs are immaterial to the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations and are expensed as incurred. Product sales resulting from fixed-price construction contracts involve a signed contract for a fixed price to provide the Company’s laboratory furniture and fume hoods for a construction project. In these instances, the Company is usually in the role of a subcontractor, but in some cases may enter into a contract directly with the end-user of the products. Contract arrangements normally do not contain a general right of return relative to the delivered items. Product sales resulting from fixed-price construction contracts are generated from multiple-element arrangements that require separate units of accounting and estimates regarding the fair value of individual elements. The Company has determined that its multiple-element arrangements that qualify as separate units of accounting are (1) product sales and (2) installation services. There is objective and reliable evidence of fair value for both the product sales and installation services and allocation of arrangement consideration for each of these units is based on their relative fair values. Each of these elements represent individual units of accounting, as the delivered item has value to a customer on a stand-alone basis. The Company’s products are regularly sold on a stand-alone basis to customers which provides vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value. The fair value of installation services is separately calculated using expected costs of installation services. Many times the value of installation services is calculated using price quotations from subcontractors to the Company who perform installation services on a stand-alone basis. Product sales resulting from purchase orders involve a purchase order received by the Company from its dealers or its stocking distributor. This category includes product sales for standard products, as well as products which require some customization. Any customization requirements are approved by the customer prior to manufacture of the customized product. Sales from purchase orders are recognized under the terms of the purchase order which generally are freight on board (“FOB”) shipping point and do not include rights of return. Accordingly, these sales are recognized at the time of shipment. Credit Concentration Credit risk is generally not concentrated with any one customer or industry, although the Company does enter into large contracts with individual customers from time to time. The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers. Revenues from three of the Company’s domestic dealers represented in the aggregate approximately 40%, 36% and 33% of the Company’s sales in fiscal years 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. Accounts receivable for two domestic customers represented approximately 24% of the Company’s total accounts receivable as of April 30, 2016. Insurance Effective January 1, 2016, the Company moved from a fully-insured health care program to a self-insured program. The Company accrues estimated losses for incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) claims using actuarial models and assumptions based on historical loss experience. The Company has also purchased specific stop-loss insurance to limit claims above a certain amount. The Company adjusts insurance reserves, as needed, in the event that future loss experience differs from historical loss patterns. Income Taxes In accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” the Company uses the liability method in measuring the provision for income taxes and recognizing deferred tax assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. Provision has not been made for income taxes on unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries as these earnings are deemed to be permanently reinvested. ASC 740 clarifies the financial statement recognition threshold and measurement attribute of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Under ASC 740, the Company applies a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold for all tax uncertainties. ASC 740 only allows the recognition of those tax benefits that have a greater than 50% likelihood of being sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities. The Company did not have any significant uncertain tax positions at April 30, 2016 and 2015. The Company early adopted ASU 2015-17, “Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes” in fiscal year 2016 and applied prospective treatment of the standard. Prior periods were not retrospectively adjusted. Research and Development Costs Research and development costs are charged to expense in the periods incurred. Expenditures for research and development costs were $1,167,000, $936,000 and $842,000 for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred, and include trade shows, training materials, sales, samples, and other related expenses. Advertising costs for the years ended April 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $311,000, $404,000 and $377,000, respectively. Derivative Financial Instruments The Company records derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value and establishes criteria for designation and effectiveness of hedging relationships. The nature of the Company’s business activities involves the management of various financial and market risks, including those related to changes in interest rates. The Company does not enter into derivative instruments for speculative purposes. In May 2013, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement whereby the interest rate payable by the Company on $3,450,000 of outstanding long-term debt was effectively converted to a fixed interest rate of 4.875% for the period beginning May 1, 2013 and ending August 1, 2017. In May 2013, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement whereby the interest rate payable by the Company on $2,600,000 of outstanding long-term debt was effectively converted to a fixed interest rate of 4.37% for the period beginning August 1, 2017 and ending May 1, 2020. In May 2013, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement whereby the interest rate payable by the Company on $1,218,000 of outstanding long-term debt was effectively converted to a fixed interest rate of 3.07% for the period beginning November 3, 2014 and ending May 1, 2020. The Company entered into these interest rate swap arrangements to mitigate future interest rate risk associated with its long-term debt and has designated these as cash flow hedges. (See Note 3) Foreign Currency Translation The financial statements of subsidiaries located outside the United States are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into United States dollars at fiscal year-end exchange rates. Sales, expenses, and cash flows are translated at weighted average exchange rates for each period. Net translation gains or losses are included in other comprehensive income, a separate component of stockholders’ equity. The Company does not provide for U.S. income taxes on foreign currency translation adjustments, since it does not provide for taxes on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions of these subsidiaries are included in net earnings. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share reflects the assumed exercise and conversion of outstanding options under the Company’s stock option plans, except when options have an antidilutive effect. Options to purchase 110,100 shares at April 30, 2016 were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the option exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common shares at that date, and accordingly such options would have an antidilutive effect. Options to purchase 80,800 shares at April 30, 2015 were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share, as such options would have an antidilutive effect. There were no antidilutive options outstanding at April 30, 2014. The following is a reconciliation of basic to diluted weighted average common shares outstanding:
Shares in thousands |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 2,667 |  |  |  | 2,626 |  |  |  | 2,608 |
Dilutive effect of stock options |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | 26 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding—diluted |  |  | 2,687 |  |  |  | 2,658 |  |  |  | 2,634 |
Accounting for Stock Options Compensation costs related to stock options granted by the Company are charged against income during their vesting period, under ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”. The Company granted stock options for 40,200, 45,800 and 46,600 shares during fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. (See Note 5) New Accounting Standards In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-02, “Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) – Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” This guidance adds new disclosure requirements for items reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), including changes in AOCI balances by component and significant items reclassified out of AOCI. This guidance does not amend any existing requirements for reporting net income or AOCI in the financial statements. The Company adopted this standard effective May 1, 2014. The adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. In March 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-05, “Foreign Currency Matters (Topic 830) – Parent’s Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity.” This guidance issued amendments to address the accounting for the cumulative translation adjustment when a parent entity sells or transfers either a subsidiary or group of assets within a foreign entity. The Company adopted this standard effective May 1, 2014. The adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-11, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists.” This guidance requires that companies net their unrecognized tax benefits against all same-jurisdiction net operating losses or tax credit carryforwards that would be used to settle the position with a tax authority. The Company adopted this standard effective May 1, 2014. The adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-9, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” This guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, this guidance was amended deferring the effective date to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company will adopt this standard in fiscal year 2019. The Company has not yet determined the effect, if any, that the adoption of this standard will have on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, “Interest (Topic 835) – Imputation of Interest: Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.” This guidance requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company will adopt this standard in fiscal year 2017. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, “Inventory (Topic 330) – Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory.” This guidance changes the measurement principle for inventory from the lower of cost or market to the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is defined as estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company will adopt this standard in fiscal year 2018. The Company has not yet determined the effect, if any, that the adoption of this standard will have on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes.” This guidance eliminates the requirement to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in a classified statement of financial position. Instead, the update requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted prospectively or retrospectively. The Company early adopted this guidance prospectively beginning with the Consolidated Balance Sheet at April 30, 2016. Prior periods were not retrospectively adjusted. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-2, “Leases (Topic 842).” This guidance establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company will adopt this standard in fiscal year 2020. The Company has not yet determined the effect, if any, that the adoption of this standard will have on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-9, “Stock Compensation (Topic 718) – Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” This guidance simplifies various aspects related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company will adopt this standard in fiscal year 2018. The Company has not yet determined the effect, if any, that the adoption of this standard will have on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

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