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Restructuring and Reorganization
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring and Reorganization Restructuring and Reorganization
Our restructuring and reorganization costs and liabilities consist primarily of severance, transition and other related costs. The following table summarizes the cash-based restructuring and reorganization related liabilities (in thousands):

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Beginning balance$— 
Restructuring and reorganization charges3,004 
Payments(2,466)
Ending balance$538 

In February 2021, we eliminated approximately 89 full-time positions, primarily in the United States, representing approximately 5% of our workforce, primarily within our customer care and enrollment group, and to a lesser extent, in our marketing and advertising, technology and content, and general and administrative groups. Total pre-tax restructuring charges were $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, which primarily related to employee termination benefits. Substantially all of the restructuring charges resulted in cash expenditures. The restructuring activities were completed by March 31, 2021.

In September 2021, we announced the transition of our chief executive officer. Mr. Scott Flanders resigned as a member of our Board and chief executive officer, effective October 31, 2021. We recognized $0.5 million in severance costs related to his separation in September 2021 and we expect to recognize an additional $1.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. Stock-based compensation expense for both three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was impacted by a $4.1 million credit related to forfeited equity awards due to Mr. Flanders' separation, which was included in general and administrative expenses on our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss.