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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Loss Before Income Tax, Domestic And Foreign
The components of our loss before income taxes were as follows (in thousands):
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
United States$(31,972)$(108,006)$(125,876)
Foreign1,377 1,617 986 
Loss before income taxes$(30,595)$(106,389)$(124,890)
Schedule of Components Of Income Tax Benefit
The federal, state and foreign income tax benefit is summarized as follows (in thousands):
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
Current:
Federal$— $— $— 
State68 514 858 
Foreign221 256 148 
Total current289 770 1,006 
Deferred:
Federal(2,164)(16,382)(20,696)
State(506)(2,055)(825)
Foreign— — — 
Total deferred(2,670)(18,437)(21,521)
Benefit from income taxes$(2,381)$(17,667)$(20,515)
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
The effective tax rate of our benefit from income taxes differs from the federal statutory rate as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit2.8 2.1 0.4 
Stock-based compensation shortfalls, net(6.8)(4.5)(1.5)
Non-deductible stock-based compensation(4.7)(0.7)(0.8)
Non-deductible lobbying expenses(0.9)(0.3)(0.3)
Research and development credits1.7 0.8 1.0 
Changes in valuation allowance(2.0)(1.0)(0.6)
Foreign income tax and income inclusion(1.5)(0.2)(0.1)
Goodwill impairment— — (2.4)
Other permanent differences(1.8)(0.6)(0.3)
Effective tax rate7.8 %16.6 %16.4 %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets And Liabilities
The tax effects of significant items comprising our deferred taxes as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses$154,607 $154,832 
Intangible assets21,232 13,618 
Research and development credits carryovers12,493 11,384 
Operating lease liabilities8,458 10,015 
Accruals and reserves6,352 3,411 
Stock-based compensation1,283 1,387 
Fixed assets1,069 636 
Other2,279 1,093 
Total deferred tax assets207,773 196,376 
Valuation allowance(4,888)(4,287)
Total deferred tax assets net of valuation allowance202,885 192,089 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Commissions receivable(227,242)(217,919)
Right-of-use assets(5,330)(6,529)
Total deferred tax liabilities(232,572)(224,448)
Net deferred tax liabilities$(29,687)$(32,359)
Schedule of Changes in Valuation Allowance
The change in our valuation allowance is summarized as follows for the years ended (in thousands):

Deferred Tax Assets - Valuation AllowanceBalance at beginning of yearProvision for income taxesWrite-offs and DeductionsBalance at
end of year
December 31, 2023$4,287 $643 $(42)$4,888 
December 31, 20223,214 1,103 (30)4,287 
December 31, 20212,479 3,150 (2,415)3,214 
Schedule of Operating Loss Carryforwards
The net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows (in thousands):
AmountExpires
Net operating losses, federal (with expiration)$39,166 2034-2037
Net operating losses, federal (without expiration)587,020 Indefinite
Net operating losses, state (with expiration)408,112 2024-2043
Tax credits, federal11,582 2024-2043
Tax credits, state11,859 n/a
Schedule of Tax Credit Carryforwards
The net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows (in thousands):
AmountExpires
Net operating losses, federal (with expiration)$39,166 2034-2037
Net operating losses, federal (without expiration)587,020 Indefinite
Net operating losses, state (with expiration)408,112 2024-2043
Tax credits, federal11,582 2024-2043
Tax credits, state11,859 n/a
Schedule Of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of our unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
Beginning balance
$9,875 $8,551 $6,330 
Additions for tax positions of prior years— 162 646 
Lapse of statute of limitations(36)(86)(64)
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year800 1,248 1,639 
Ending balance
$10,639 $9,875 $8,551