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Income Taxes
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The following table summarizes our provision for (benefit from) income taxes and our effective tax rates for the periods presented (in thousands, except effective tax rate):
Three Months Ended
March 31,
20252024
Income (loss) before income taxes$3,726 $(18,329)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes1,776 (1,345)
Effective tax rate47.7 %7.3 %

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 we calculated our provision for (benefit from) income taxes by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate to income (loss) before income taxes for the reporting period.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we recorded a provision for income taxes of $1.8 million, representing an effective tax rate of 47.7%, which was higher than the statutory federal tax rate primarily due to
state taxes, nondeductible stock-based compensation, lobbying expenses and prior year discrete adjustments, partially offset by research and development credits. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recognized a benefit from income taxes of $1.3 million, representing an effective tax rate of 7.3%, which was lower than the statutory federal tax rate primarily due to stock-based compensation adjustments, non-deductible lobbying expenses and an increase in global intangible low-taxed income, partially offset by research and development credits and state taxes.
Assessing the realizability of our deferred tax assets is dependent upon several factors, including the likelihood and amount, if any, of future taxable income in relevant jurisdictions during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. We forecast taxable income by considering available positive and negative evidence, including our history of operating income and losses and our financial plans and estimates that we use to manage the business. These assumptions require significant judgment about future taxable income. As a result, the amount of deferred tax assets considered realizable is subject to adjustment in future periods if estimates of future taxable income change. We continue to recognize our deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2025, as we believe it is more likely than not that such deferred tax assets will be realized, with the exception of certain net operating losses and credits for which there is increased uncertainty regarding our future taxable income and a lack of other sources of taxable income, which have a valuation allowance.