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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation | Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements, which include the accounts of Massimo Group and its wholly owned subsidiaries, have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Restatement Of Previously Issued Financial Statements | Restatement Of Previously Issued Financial Statements During the preparation of the Company’s consolidated interim financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, management of the Company determined that the previously issued financial statements contained in the Company’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 should be amended to correct errors in those financial statements. The Company identified an error with respect to revenue recognition related to price concession. In accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, variable consideration such as price concession shall be estimated when the promised goods are transferred to a customer. Certain price concessions provided to a customer in connection with sales occurring near the end of the year ended December 31, 2024 were not properly estimated at the time of revenue recognition. As a result, the revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 was overstated by approximately $1.9 million. After evaluating the quantitative and qualitative impact of this error, the Company concluded that the previously issued consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, should be restated to correct the error. A reconciliation from the amounts previously reported to the restated amounts in the Restated Financial Statements is provided for the impacted financial statement line items are summarized as follows: SCHEDULE OF PREVIOUSLY ISSUED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ADJUSTMENT Selected Consolidated Balance Sheets Information as of December 31, 2024:
|  | As Previously Stated |  |  | Restatement Adjustments |  |  | As Restated |
Accounts receivable, net |  | $ | 6,589,038 |  |  | $ | (1,762,401 | ) |  | $ | 4,826,637 |
Total current assets |  | $ | 45,385,846 |  |  | $ | (1,762,401 | ) |  | $ | 43,623,445 |
Deferred tax assets |  | $ | 1,166,451 |  |  | $ | (39,837 | ) |  | $ | 1,126,614 |
Total non-current assets |  | $ | 11,305,910 |  |  | $ | (39,837 | ) |  | $ | 11,266,073 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  | $ | 56,691,756 |  |  | $ | (1,802,238 | ) |  | $ | 54,889,518 |
Income tax payable |  | $ | 1,482,203 |  |  | $ | (409,940 | ) |  | $ | 1,072,263 |
Total current liabilities |  | $ | 26,148,843 |  |  | $ | (409,940 | ) |  | $ | 25,738,903 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  | $ | 33,595,138 |  |  | $ | (409,940 | ) |  | $ | 33,185,198 |
Retained earnings |  | $ | 16,440,172 |  |  | $ | (1,392,298 | ) |  | $ | 15,047,874 |
Total equity |  | $ | 23,096,618 |  |  | $ | (1,392,298 | ) |  | $ | 21,704,320 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  | $ | 56,691,756 |  |  | $ | (1,802,238 | ) |  | $ | 54,889,518 |
Description of restatement adjustments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
| ● | The $1,762,401 decrease in accounts receivable, net resulted from the adjustment for the price concession of $1,883,399 and the related expected credit loss of $120,998
| ● | The $39,837 decrease in deferred tax assets and $409,940 in income tax payable resulted from the tax effect related to the adjustment for the price concession and expected credit loss.
Selected Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income information for the year ended December 31, 2024:
|  | As Previously Stated |  |  | Restatement Adjustment |  |  | As Restated |
|  | Year Ended December 31, 2024 |
|  | As Previously Stated |  |  | Restatement Adjustments |  |  | As Restated |
Revenues |  | $ | 111,209,142 |  |  | $ | (1,883,400 | ) |  | $ | 109,325,742 |
Gross profit |  | $ | 34,343,339 |  |  | $ | (1,883,400 | ) |  | $ | 32,459,939 |
General and administrative |  | $ | 16,610,528 |  |  | $ | (120,998 | ) |  | $ | 16,489,530 |
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 27,531,348 |  |  | $ | (120,998 | ) |  | $ | 27,410,350 |
Income from operations |  | $ | 6,811,991 |  |  | $ | (1,762,402 | ) |  | $ | 5,049,589 |
Income before income taxes |  | $ | 4,179,069 |  |  | $ | (1,762,402 | ) |  | $ | 2,416,667 |
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | 1,024,862 |  |  | $ | (370,104 | ) |  | $ | 654,758 |
Net income and comprehensive income |  | $ | 3,154,207 |  |  | $ | (1,392,298 | ) |  | $ | 1,761,909 |
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.04 |
Basic |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.04 |
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.04 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.04 |
Description of restatement adjustments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income:
| ● | The decrease of $1,883,400 in revenues and gross profit is related to the price concession adjustment as described above.
| ● | The decrease of $120,998 in general and administrative expenses and total operating expenses resulted from the expected credit loss related to the price concession adjustment above.
| ● | The decrease of $370,104 in provision for income taxes resulted from the tax effect related to the adjustment for the price concession and expected credit loss.
Selected Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity year end December 31, 2024:
|  | As Previously Stated |  |  | Restatement Adjustment |  |  | As Restated |
|  | Year ended December 31, 2024 |
|  | As Previously Stated |  |  | Restatement Adjustments |  |  | As Restated |
Net income |  | $ | 3,154,207 |  |  | $ | (1,392,298 | ) |  | $ | 1,761,909 |
Selected Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for year ended December 31, 2024:
|  | As Previously Stated |  |  | Restatement Adjustment |  |  | As Restated |
|  | Year ended December 31, 2024 |
|  | As Previously Stated |  |  | Restatement Adjustments |  |  | As Restated |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 3,154,207 |  |  | $ | (1,392,298 | ) |  | $ | 1,761,909 |
Reversal of allowance for expected credit loss |  | $ | (52,169 | ) |  | $ | (120,999 | ) |  | $ | (173,168 | )
Deferred income tax recovery |  | $ | (1,031,850 | ) |  | $ | 39,837 |  |  | $ | (992,013 | )
Accounts receivable |  | $ | 3,029,576 |  |  | $ | 1,883,400 |  |  | $ | 4,912,976 |
Tax payable |  | $ | (638,880 | ) |  | $ | (409,940 | ) |  | $ | (1,048,820 | )
Description of restatement adjustments in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
| ● | The decrease of $1,392,298 in net income is related to the price concession adjustment and expected credit loss and the tax effect as described above.
| ● | The decrease of $120,998 in reversal of allowance for expected credit loss resulted from decrease of accounts receivable and the price concession adjustment above.
| ● | The increase of $1,883,400 in change of accounts receivable resulted from the price concession.
| ● | The decrease of $409,940 in change of tax payable resulted from the tax effect related to the adjustment for the price concession and expected credit loss.
The Company also restated the segment disclosure in Note 19 to reflect the restatement adjustments and to comply with ASC 280, as amended by ASU 2023-07. MASSIMO GROUP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Comparative Figures | Comparative Figures A payable of $2,343,869 to a supplier related to a litigation (Note 11) has been reclassified from accounts payable to other payables, accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of December 31, 2023 to confirm the current year’s presentation. This reclassification had no impact on the Company’s operating results or financial position for the respective years.
Uses of estimates and assumptions | Uses of estimates and assumptions In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. Significant accounting estimates required to be made by management include allowance for inventories, allowance for credit losses, sales return liabilities, warranty costs and the assessment and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis and its estimates on historical experience, current and expected future conditions and various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances based on the information available to management at the time these estimates and assumptions are made. Actual results and outcomes may differ significantly from these estimates and assumptions.
Cash and cash equivalents | Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, the balances with banks and the liquid investments with maturities of three months or less. The Company maintains all its bank accounts in the United States, maximum amounts of $597,877 and $435,457 are insured by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Accounts receivable, net | Accounts receivable, net Accounts receivable represent trade receivable and are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently adjusted for any allowance for expected credit loss. The Company grants credit to customers, without collateral, under normal payment terms. The Company uses a loss rate method to estimate the allowance for credit losses. The Company evaluates the expected credit loss of accounts receivable based on customer financial condition and historical collection information adjusted for current market economic conditions and forecasts of future economic performance when appropriate. Loss-rate approach is based on the historical loss rates and expectations of future conditions. The Company writes off potentially uncollectible accounts receivable against the allowance for credit losses if it is determined that the amounts will not be collected.
Inventories, net | Inventories, net Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, using the first-in, first out (FIFO) method. Costs include the cost of raw materials, freight and duty. Any excess of the cost over the net realizable value of each item of inventories is recognized as a provision for diminution in the value of inventories. Net realizable value is estimated using selling price in the normal course of business less any costs to complete and sell products. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had inventory provision of $469,900 and $439,900, included in inventories, net in the consolidated balance sheet. Impairment provision of inventories were $30,000 and $439,900 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, included in cost of revenues in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.
Advance to suppliers | Advance to suppliers Advance to suppliers consists of balances paid to suppliers for purchasing of products, parts and accessories that have not been provided or received. Advances to suppliers are short-term in nature and are reviewed periodically to determine whether their carrying value has become impaired. The Company evaluated the carrying value of individual advances based on specifics facts and circumstances for any impairment at each reporting date. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded the impairment loss of $772,780 and $nil respectively on its advance to suppliers in connection with an expected settlement between the Company and one of the suppliers during the year.
Deferred offering cost | Deferred offering cost Deferred offering costs were expenses directly related to the Company’s IPO. These costs consisted of legal, accounting, printing, and filing fees that the Company capitalized. The deferred offering costs are reclassified to additional paid-in capital upon receipts of the capital raised at IPO closing date.
Property and equipment | Property and equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided in amounts sufficient to amortize the cost of the related assets over their useful lives using the straight-line method, as follows: SCHEDULE OF PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT USEFUL LIFE
|  | Useful life
Furniture and fixtures |  | 5-7 years
Machinery equipment |  | 5-7 years
Electronic equipment |  | 5 years
Transportation equipment |  | 5 years
Leasehold improvement |  | Over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful lives (3-5 years)
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not materially extend the useful lives of the assets, are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments which substantially extend the useful life of assets are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets retired or sold are removed from the respective accounts, and any gains or losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount and are recognized within “other income (expense)” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. MASSIMO GROUP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Leases | Leases The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02—Leases (Topic 842) since January 1, 2020, using a modified retrospective transition method permitted under ASU No. 2018-11. This transition approach provides a method for recording existing leases only at the date of adoption and does not require previously reported balances to be adjusted. The Company evaluates the contracts it enters into to determine whether such contracts contain leases. A contract contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of identified property or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. At commencement, contracts containing a lease are further evaluated for classification as an operating or finance lease where the Company is a lessee. Operating Leases For operating leases, the Company measures its lease liabilities based on the present value of the total lease payments not yet paid discounted based on the more readily determinable of the rate implicit in the lease or its incremental borrowing rate, which is the estimated rate the Company would be required to pay for a collateralized borrowing equal to the total lease payments over the term of the lease. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The Company measures right-of-use (“ROU”) assets based on the corresponding lease liability adjusted for payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, and initial direct costs it incurs under the lease. The Company begins recognizing lease expense when the lessor makes the underlying asset available to the Company. Lease cost for operating leases includes the amortization of the ROU asset and interest expense related to the operating lease liability. For leases with lease term less than one year (short-term leases), the Company records operating lease expense in its consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term and record variable lease payments as incurred. Finance Leases Lease cost for finance leases where the Company is the lessee includes the amortization of the ROU asset, which is amortized on a straight-line basis and recorded to “Depreciation of right-of-use finance asset” and interest expense on the finance lease liability, which is calculated using the interest method and recorded to “Interest expense, net.” Finance lease ROU assets are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the terms of the respective leases, including periods covered by renewal options that the Company is reasonably certain of exercising.
Impairment of long-lived assets | Impairment of long-lived assets Long-lived assets, primarily consist of property and equipment, are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets) indicate that the carrying amount may not be fully recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than the Company had originally estimated. When these events occur, the Company evaluates the impairment by comparing the carrying value of the assets to an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value of the assets over the fair value of the assets. No impairment charge was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. MASSIMO GROUP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Fair value of financial instruments | Fair value of financial instruments ASC 825-10 requires certain disclosures regarding the fair value of financial instruments. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
● | Level 1 — inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
● | Level 2 — inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted market prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.
● | Level 3 — inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable.
Unless otherwise disclosed, the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivables, other receivable included in other current assets, loan from a related party, accounts payable, other payable, accrued expense and other liabilities, contract liabilities, approximates their recorded values due to their short-term maturities. The Company determined that the carrying value of the lease liabilities approximated their fair value as the interest rates used to discount the contracts approximate market rates. The Company noted no transfers between levels during any of the periods presented. The Company did not have any instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring nor non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Revenue recognition | Revenue recognition The Company adopted ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core principle, the Company applies the following steps: Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract Step 3: Determine the transaction price Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation The Company’s revenue is generated primarily by sales of UTVs, ATVs, electric bikes (“e-bikes”), and Pontoon Boats. Revenue represented the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for promised goods. Revenue is recorded when performance obligations are considered to be satisfied when control is transferred to our customers. For sales made through our e-commerce platform, revenue is recorded upon delivery and customer acceptance. For direct sales and consignment sales, revenue is recognized when goods leave the warehouse and when customers pick up goods in stores, respectively. MASSIMO GROUP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Sales returns The Company provides a refund policy to accept returns from end customers, which varies and depends on different products and sales channels. The estimated sales returns are determined based upon an analysis of historical sales returns. Return allowances are recorded as a reduction in sales with corresponding sales return liabilities which are included in “accrued return liabilities.” The estimated cost of returned inventory is recorded as a reduction to cost of sales and an increase of right of return assets which is included in “inventories.” The factors affecting the Company’s sales return liabilities include the number of products currently within the return period, historical and anticipated rates of sales returns claimed on those products, and the estimated amount of returns that may be claimed within this period. If actual results differ from the estimates, the Company revises its estimated sales returns liability accordingly. At each period end, the Company reviews and reassesses the adequacy of its recorded sales returns liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, $261,588 and $283,276 of sales return liabilities associated with estimated product returns were recorded in the consolidated balance sheet, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded sales returns of $1,061,694 and $3,355,112 respectively. Products warranty The Company generally provides a one-year limited warranty against defects in materials related to the sale of products. The Company considers the warranty as an assurance type warranty since the warranty provides the customers the assurance that the product complies with agreed-upon specifications. Estimated future warranty obligations are included in cost of product sales in the period in which the related revenue is recognized. The factors affecting the Company’s warranty include the number of products currently under warranty, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claim on those products, and the estimates of repair and replacement costs to satisfy the Company’s warranty obligation. The anticipated rate of warranty claims is the primary estimate used in determining the warranty liability and is relatively predictable using historical experience of failure rates. The average remaining aggregate warranty period of the products sold is calculated, repair parts are generally already in stock or available at pre-determined prices, and labor rates are generally arranged at pre-established amount with service providers. If actual results differ from the estimates, the Company revises its estimated warranty liability. Each quarter, the Company reevaluates its estimates and assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjust the amounts as necessary. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, $503,553 and $619,113 of product warranty were recorded in the consolidated balance sheet, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded warranty expenses of $1,274,037 and $1,924,203, respectively. Contract liabilities The contract liabilities of the Company are primarily related to advances received from customers. The contract liabilities are reported in a net position on a customer-by-customer basis at the end of each reporting period. Contract liabilities are recognized when the Company receives prepayment from customers resulting from purchase order. Contract liabilities will be recognized as revenue when the products are delivered. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded contract liabilities of $449,999 and $1,835,411, respectively, which will be recognized as revenue upon delivery of the products sold. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the amounts transferred from contract liabilities to revenue at the beginning of the fiscal period were $1,158,440 and $696,274, respectively. Disaggregation of revenues The Company disaggregates its revenue from contracts by products, as the Company believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of the revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The Company’s disaggregation of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is disclosed as follows: SCHEDULE OF DISAGGREGATION OF REVENUES
|  | 2024 (restated) |  |  | 2023 |
|  | Years Ended |
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2024 (restated) |  |  | 2023 |
UTVs, ATVs and e-bikes |  | $ | 105,575,151 |  |  | $ | 103,312,838 |
Pontoon Boats |  |  | 3,750,591 |  |  |  | 11,724,706 |
Total |  | $ | 109,325,742 |  |  | $ | 115,037,544 |
MASSIMO GROUP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Cost of revenues | Cost of revenues Cost of revenues includes all of the costs and expenses directly related to the production of goods and services included in revenues. Cost of revenues primarily consists of cost of products, freight and duty allocated and warehouse related overhead, such as salaries and benefits, rent, warehouse supplies and depreciation expenses. The freight and duty costs incurred when shipping raw materials from suppliers to the Company are included in cost of revenues, amounting to $11,385,278 and $8,773,647 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Shipping and handling costs | Shipping and handling costs Shipping and handling costs, which include costs related to the selection of products and their delivery to customers, are presented in selling expenses. The shipping and handling costs incurred upon goods delivery to customers are $6,282,588 and $4,933,810 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Advertising costs | Advertising costs The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred. Advertising costs presented in selling expenses were $569,757 and $768,671 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
401(k) benefit plan | 401(k) benefit plan The 401(k) benefit plan covers substantially all employees and allows voluntary employee contributions up to the annually adjusted Internal Revenue Service dollar limit. These voluntary contributions are matched equal to 100% of the employee’s compensation contributed and not to exceed 4% of the total eligible compensation. The employees’ voluntary contributions and the Company’s matching contributions are 100% vested immediately. The Company adopted the 401(k) benefit plan from March 2022.
Income taxes | Income taxes Before the Reorganization, the Company elected to be taxed as an S Corporation for federal and state income tax purposes. As an S Corporation, the Company is not subject to federal income tax and state tax in Texas. As such, shareholders are taxed on their pro rata share of earnings and deductions of the Company, regardless of the amount of distributions received. After the Reorganization, the Company is subjected to U.S. federal income tax at 21% and the margin tax in the state of Texas. Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax amounts for the temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. MASSIMO GROUP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Income taxes (continued) The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Topic No. 740, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes.” A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. Significant judgment is also required in evaluating the Company’s uncertain income tax positions and provisions for income taxes. Liabilities for uncertain income tax positions are recognized based on a two-step approach. The first step is to evaluate whether an income tax position has met the recognition threshold by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. The second step is to measure the income tax position that has met the recognition threshold as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. The Company continually assesses the likelihood and amount of potential adjustments and adjusts the income tax provisions, income taxes payable and deferred income taxes in the period in which the facts that give rise to a revision become known. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain income tax positions as interest expense.
Earnings per share | Earnings per share The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share” (“ASC 260”). ASC 260 requires companies with complex capital structures to present basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as net income divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis of potential common shares (e.g., Restricted Stock Units (“RSU”), options and warrants) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential common shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, a total of 101,000 and nil unvested RSU were included in the computation of weighted average number of common shares for the calculation of diluted EPS.
Stock-based compensation | Stock-based compensation The Company follows the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation” (“ASC 260”), which establishes the accounting for employee share-based awards. For employee share-based awards, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense with graded vesting on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.
Segment reporting (restated) | Segment reporting (restated) The Company follows ASC 280, “Segment Reporting.” The Company’s Chief Executive Officer or chief operating decision-maker reviews the consolidated financial results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing the performance of the Company as a whole. However, the Company has identified that the Company engages in two distinct business activities, generates revenues from different products, and individually holds assets exceeding 10% of the Group’s consolidated total. Hence, the Company concludes that it has two reporting segments. As the Company’s long-lived assets are all located in the United States and substantially all the Company’s revenues are derived from within the United States, no geographical segments are presented. MASSIMO GROUP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Concentration and risks | Concentration and risks a. Concentration of credit risk Assets that potentially subject the Company to a significant concentration of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and other receivable included in other current assets. The maximum exposure of such assets to credit risk is their carrying amounts at the balance sheet dates. The Company maintains all the bank accounts at financial institutions in the United States, where there is $250,000 standard deposit insurance coverage limit per depositor, per FDIC-insured bank and per ownership category. As of December 31, 2024, balances of two banks in Massimo Motor Sports exceeded the insured limits by $147,954 and $9,457,067, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, balances of one bank in Massimo Motor Sports exceeded the insured limits by $330,357. To limit the exposure to credit risk relating to deposits, the Company primarily places cash deposits with large financial institutions in the United States. The Company conducts credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral or other security from them. The Company establishes an accounting policy to provide for current expected credit losses based on the individual customer’s financial condition, credit history, and the current economic conditions. b. Foreign Exchange Risk Most of our raw materials are imported from China. The value of the Chinese Yuan against the U.S. dollar is affected by the changes in China and United States economic conditions. We do not believe that we currently have any significant direct foreign exchange risk as most of our sales agreements are specified in U.S. dollars and have not used any derivative financial instruments to hedge exposure to such risk. c. Interest Rate Risk Interest rate risk is the risk that future cash flows will fluctuate as a result of changes in market interest rates. Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to the interest rates from our lessors and our borrowings with banks. The related party loan bears no interest. Our leasing obligations’ interest rates are fixed at the commencement date of the leases. We have not been exposed to material risks due to the fact that our borrowing from the bank is not significant. And we have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest risk exposure. However, we cannot provide assurance that we will not be exposed to material risks due to changes in market interest rate in the future. d. Liquidity Risk Liquidity risk arises through the excess of financial obligations over available financial assets due at any point in time. Our objective in mitigating liquidity risk is to maintain sufficient readily available reserves in order to meet our liquidity requirements at any point in time. We achieve this by maintaining adequate cash reserves and available banking facilities. MASSIMO GROUP AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Concentration and risks (continued) e. Significant customers For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, one and one customer accounted for 65% and 41% of the Company’s total revenues, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, one and one customer accounted for 57% and 86% of the Company’s total accounts receivable. f. Significant suppliers For the year ended December 31, 2024, two suppliers individually accounted for 54% and 18% of the Company’s total purchases respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2023, three suppliers individually accounted for 48%, 19% and 14% of the Company’s total purchases respectively. As of December 31, 2024, two suppliers individually accounted for 33% and 18% of the Company’s total accounts payable, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, two suppliers individually accounted 41% and 19% of the Company’s total accounts payable, respectively.
Recent accounting pronouncements | Recent accounting pronouncements The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. Management periodically reviews new accounting standards that are issued. The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act provides that an emerging growth company (“EGC”) as defined therein can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an EGC to delay adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Company has adopted the extended transition period. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income tax paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, once adopted. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, which requires disaggregated disclosure of certain costs and expenses, including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion, within relevant income statement captions. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU to determine the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, statements of income and comprehensive income and statements of cash flows.

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