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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Organization and Business CSP Inc. ("CSPi" or "CSPI" or "the Company" or "we" or "our") was founded in 1968 and is based in Lowell, Massachusetts. To meet the diverse requirements of commercial and defense customers worldwide, CSPI and its subsidiaries develop and market IT integration solutions, advanced security products, managed IT services, purpose built network adapters, and high-performance cluster computer systems. The Company operates in two segments, its Technology Solutions ("TS") segment and its High Performance Products ("HPP") segment. 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying audited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Foreign Currency Translation The U.S. Dollar is the reporting currency for all periods presented. The financial information for entities outside the United States is measured using the local currency as the functional currency. In consolidation, foreign transactions are remeasured into the functional currency, British Pounds, of our U.K. subsidiary. This non-cash remeasurement is included in foreign exchange gain or loss on the income statement. After this remeasurement, assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated at average rates in effect during the period. The resulting translation adjustment is reflected as accumulated other comprehensive loss, a separate component of shareholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheets. Currency transaction gains and losses are recorded as other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations. Cash Equivalents For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of acquisition are considered cash equivalents. Employee Retention Tax Credit The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act provided an employee retention credit (“ERC”) which is a refundable tax credit against certain employment taxes. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 extended and expanded the availability of the employee retention credit through December 31, 2021 including amending the employee retention credit to be equal to 70% of qualified wages paid to employees during the 2021 calendar year. The TS-US division and HPP segment qualified for the ERC beginning in March 2021 for qualified wages through September 2021 and filed a cash refund claim during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. An amount of $2.8 million, net of costs, was received in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023. On the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations in Total other income, net the financial statement line item Employee retention tax credit, net of costs to collect for fiscal year ended September 30, 2023 of $2.1 million represents the amount we were qualified to receive. There are no other amounts that will be received related to this credit. There is $0.6 million on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in the financial statement line item Accounts payable and accrued expenses, which will be paid back to the IRS in fiscal year 2024. We accounted for the ERC as a gain contingency in accordance with ASC 450-30 Gain Contingencies. Under this standard, the ERC was recognized only after the contingency was resolved and deemed realizable. Research and Development Expense For the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, our expenses for research and development were approximately $3.1 million and $3.1 million, respectively. Expenditures for research and development are expensed as they are incurred. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including intangible assets subject to amortization, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Management assesses the recoverability of the long-lived assets (other than goodwill and intangibles) by comparing the estimated undiscounted cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets against their respective carrying amounts. The amount of impairment, if any, is calculated based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets. Intangible assets that are not subject to amortization are also required to be tested annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired. We did not have intangible assets with indefinite lives or goodwill at any time during the two years ended September 30, 2023. Intangible assets subject to amortization are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, generally three to ten years, and are carried at net book value. The remaining useful lives of intangible assets are evaluated on an annual basis. Intangible assets subject to amortization are also tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the fair value of an intangible asset subject to amortization is determined to be less than its carrying value, then an impairment charge is recorded to write down that asset to its fair value. There was no impairment for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Leases as Lessee At the inception of an arrangement, the Company determines whether the arrangement contains a lease. This includes arrangements with goods and services to determine if there is an embedded lease. An arrangement containing a lease would allow the Company the right to control an implicitly or explicitly identified asset. If there is a lease in an arrangement, the classification is determined at inception of the arrangement. Certain leases may contain transfer of ownership or an option to purchase the underlying asset. The most relevant criterion for our lease classification is transfer of ownership, which if included in the arrangement makes the lease a finance lease rather than an operating lease. The discount rate used to assess classification is the incremental borrowing rate at the commencement date due to the implicit rate not being readily determinable. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term and amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The lease term includes periods where we are reasonably certain we will exercise the renewal option. The Company has elected not to apply Subtopic ASC 842-25 to short-term leases, which are defined as a lease that has a lease term of 12 months or less and does not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. Therefore, there are no right-of-use assets or lease liabilities related to short-term leases in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the lease payments are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases are typically not able to be terminated without penalty. None of our lease arrangements contain residual value guarantees, restrictions, or covenants. None of the Company’s current leases are with related parties. There are no lease arrangements that we have entered into as of September 30, 2023 that have not yet commenced. See Note 9 Leases for additional information. Operating leases The Company has operating leases for office space, data centers, and other information technology equipment under various leases. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date using the present value of the fixed lease payments over the lease term. We do not have leases with variable consideration. The incremental borrowing rate is used in determining present value. Certain operating leases, primarily office space and IT equipment, have an option to extend the lease. Renewal periods related to certain lease agreements related to office buildings are included in the lease term for lease accounting. The Company has operating lease agreements with lease components (e.g. fixed payments including rent, real estate taxes, and insurance costs) as well as nonlease components (e.g. common-area maintenance, colocation services). The Company has elected to account for lease and nonlease components as one single lease component for all classes of assets. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Finance leases The Company has finance leases for information technology equipment and subleases all this equipment (see Lessor section below for details). All finance leases transfer ownership to the Company, which meets the criterion to be a finance lease. Due to our finance leases being subleases, there are no finance right-of-use assets because instead there is a net investment in lease in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Leases as Lessor The Company is a lessor, but only as a sublessor. The process for identifying and classifying a lease is similar to the process described above in the lessee section. Additionally, the most relevant criteria to classification is transfer of ownership and present value of the total lease payments in relation to fair value of the underlying asset. The Company as a lessor has both sales-type and direct financing leases. The Company as a lessor does not have operating leases. All the Company’s sublease agreements are bundled agreements containing managed services, software, and other services. The fixed payments under bundled agreements are allocated based on the relative standalone selling prices of the lease and non-lease deliverables are consistent with ASC 606. The allocation of the fixed payments may be calculated using a budgeted cost-plus margin approach if there are other services in addition to managed services. Due to the complex nature of these contracts, there is significant judgment in allocating the fixed payments. There is no variable consideration in these agreements. The discount rate used as a lessor pertaining to the lease component is the implicit rate. As sublessor, lease agreements contain an option to purchase the underlying asset or transfers ownership at the end of the lease. The leases typically do not have any residual value to the Company. In the Company’s sublessor agreements, the payments allocated to the lease component cannot be terminated. See Note 9 Leases for additional information. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined using the first-in, first-out method. The recoverability of inventories is based upon the types and levels of inventories held, forecasted demand, pricing, competition and changes in technology. We write down our inventory for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. As of September 30, 2023, and September 30, 2022, the Company maintained inventory reserves of $1.0 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Property, Equipment and Improvements The components of property, equipment and improvements are stated at cost. The Company provides for depreciation by use of the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets (three to seven years). Leasehold improvements are amortized by use of the straight-line method over the lesser of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Trade Accounts Receivable, Long Term Receivable, and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Trade accounts receivable are stated at amounts that have been billed to customers less an allowance for doubtful accounts. Allowances for doubtful accounts are recorded for the estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. The estimates for the allowance for doubtful accounts are based on the length of time the receivables are past due, current business environment, and our historical experience. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. Accounts receivable are charged off against the reserve when management has determined they are uncollectible. Within trade accounts receivable and long-term receivable are financing agreements with an original payment term of greater than one year. Interest income earned on these receivables is recognized using the effective interest method. See Note 2 Accounts and Long-Term Receivables for further details on financing arrangements. Pension and Retirement Plans The funded status of pension and other postretirement benefit plans is recognized on the consolidated balance sheets. Gains and losses, prior service costs and credits and any remaining transition amounts that have not yet been recognized through pension expense will be recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, until they are amortized as a component of net periodic pension/postretirement benefits expense. Additionally, plan assets and obligations are measured as of our fiscal year-end balance sheet date (September 30). We have defined benefit and defined contribution plans in the United Kingdom (the “U.K.”) and in the U.S. In the U.K. the Company provides defined benefit pension plans for certain employees and former employees and defined contribution plans for the majority of the employees. The defined benefit plan in the U.K. is closed to newly hired employees and has been for the two years ended September 30, 2023. In the U.S., the Company also provides defined contribution plans that cover most employees and supplementary retirement plans to certain employees and former employees who are now retired. These supplementary retirement plans are also closed to newly hired employees and have been for the two years ended September 30, 2023. These supplementary plans are funded through whole life insurance policies. The Company expects to recover all insurance premiums paid under these policies in the future, through the cash surrender value of the policies and any death benefits or portions thereof to be paid upon the death of the participant. These whole life insurance policies are carried on the balance sheet at their cash surrender values as they are owned by the Company and not assets of the defined benefit plans. In the U.S., the Company also provides for officer death benefits and post-retirement health insurance benefits through supplemental post-retirement plans to certain officers. The Company also funds these supplemental plans’ obligations through whole life insurance policies on the officers. Pension expense is based on an actuarial computation of current future benefits using estimates for expected return on assets, expected compensation increases and applicable discount rates. Management has reviewed the discount rates and rates of return with our consulting actuaries and investment advisor and concluded they were reasonable. A decrease in the expected return on pension assets would increase pension expense. Expected compensation increases are estimated based on historical and expected increases in the future. Increases in estimated compensation increases would result in higher pension expense while decreases would lower pension expense. Discount rates are selected based upon rates of return on high quality fixed income investments currently available and expected to be available during the period to maturity of the pension benefit. A decrease in the discount rate would result in greater pension expense while an increase in the discount rate would decrease pension expense. The Company funds its pension plans in amounts sufficient to meet the requirements set forth in applicable employee benefits laws and local tax laws. Liabilities for amounts in excess of these funding levels are accrued and reported in the consolidated balance sheets. Segment Information We have two operating segments: (i) Technology Solutions ("TS") and (ii) High Performance Products ("HPP"). In the TS segment, we focus on value added reseller ("VAR") integrated solutions including third party hardware, software and technical computer-related consulting and managed services. In the HPP segment, we design, manufacture and deliver products and services to customers that require specialized cyber security services, networking and signal processing products. The operations and assets of our TS segment are located in the United States and the United Kingdom, which are the two divisions that make up the TS segment. The operations and assets of our HPP segment are located in the United States. Revenue Recognition We derive revenue from the sale of integrated hardware and software, third-party service contracts, professional services, managed services, financing of hardware and software, and other services. We recognize revenue from hardware upon transfer of control, which is at a point in time typically upon shipment when title transfers. Revenue from software is recognized at a point in time when the license is granted. We recognize revenue from third-party service contracts as either gross sales or net sales depending on whether we are acting as the principal party to the transaction or acting as an agent or broker based on control and timing. We are the principal if we control the good or service before that good or service is transferred to the customer. We record revenue as gross when we are the principal party to the arrangement and net of cost when we are acting as a broker or agent for a third party. Under gross sales recognition, the entire selling price is recorded in revenue and our cost to the third-party service provider or vendor is recorded in cost of sales. Under net sales recognition, the cost to the third-party service provider or vendor is recorded as a reduction to revenue resulting in net sales equal to the gross profit on the transaction. Third-party service contracts are sold in different combinations with hardware, software, and services. When we are an agent, revenue is typically recorded at a point in time. When we are the principal, revenue is recognized over the contract term. We have concluded we are the agent in sales of third-party maintenance, software or hardware support, and certain security software that is sold with integral third-party delivered software maintenance that includes critical updates. Professional services generally include implementation, installation, and training services. Professional services are considered a series of distinct services that form one performance obligation and revenue is recognized over time as services are performed. Revenue generated from managed services is recognized over the term of the contract. Certain managed services contracts include financing of hardware and software. Revenues from arrangements which include financing are allocated considering relative standalone selling prices of lease and non-lease components within the agreement. The lease component includes hardware, which is subject to ASC 842, Leases. The non-lease components are subject to ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Other services generally include revenue generated through our royalty, extended warranty, multicomputer repair, and maintenance contracts. Royalty revenue is sales-based and recognized on date of subsequent sale of the product, which occurs on the date of customer shipment. Revenue from extended warranty contracts is recognized ratably over the warranty period. Multicomputer repair services revenue is recognized upon control transfer when the customer takes possession of the computer at time of shipping. Revenue generated from maintenance services is recognized evenly over the term of the contract. The right of return risk lies with the original manufacturer of the product. Managed service contracts contain the right to refund if canceled within 30 days of inception. Any products with a standard warranty are treated as a warranty obligation under ASC 460, Guarantees. The following policies are applicable to our major categories of segment revenue transactions: TS Segment Revenue TS Segment revenue is derived from the sale of hardware, software, professional services, third-party service contracts, maintenance contracts, managed services, and financing of hardware and software. Financing revenue pertaining to the portion of an arrangement containing a lease is recognized in accordance with ASC 842. Financing revenue related to the lease is recorded in revenue as equipment leasing is part of our operations. Third-party service contracts are evaluated to determine whether such service revenue should be recorded as gross or net sales and whether over time or at point in time. HPP Segment Revenue HPP segment revenue is derived from the sale of integrated hardware and software, maintenance, and other services through the Multicomputer, Myricom, and ARIA product lines. Myricom revenue is derived from the sale of products, which are comprised of both hardware and embedded software which is essential to the products’ functionality, and post contract maintenance and support. Post contract maintenance and support is considered immaterial in the context of the contract and therefore is not a separate performance obligation. Multicomputer revenue is derived from the sale of hardware, software, extended warranties, royalties, and repair services. ARIA revenue is derived from sale of hardware, software, and managed services. See disaggregated revenues below by products/services and geography.
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Technology Solutions Segment | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | High | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Performance | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Products | ​ | United | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Consolidated
Year ended September 30, 2023 |  | Segment |  | Kingdom |  | U.S. |  | Total |  | Total
​ | ​ | (Amounts in thousands)
2023 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Sales: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Product | ​ | $ | 5,475 | ​ | $ | 734 | ​ | $ | 40,938 | ​ | $ | 41,672 | ​ | $ | 47,147
Service | ​ | ​ | 1,398 | ​ | ​ | 288 | ​ | ​ | 15,812 | ​ | ​ | 16,100 | ​ | ​ | 17,498
Finance * | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 2 | ​ | ​ | 2
Total sales | ​ | $ | 6,873 | ​ | $ | 1,022 | ​ | $ | 56,752 | ​ | $ | 57,774 | ​ | $ | 64,647
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Technology Solutions Segment | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | High | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Performance | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Products | ​ | United | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Consolidated
Year ended September 30, 2022 |  | Segment |  | Kingdom |  | U.S. |  | Total |  | Total
​ | ​ | (Amounts in thousands)
2022 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Sales: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Product | ​ | $ | 2,516 | ​ | $ | 518 | ​ | $ | 33,653 | ​ | $ | 34,171 | ​ | $ | 36,687
Service | ​ | ​ | 1,327 | ​ | ​ | 325 | ​ | ​ | 16,021 | ​ | ​ | 16,346 | ​ | ​ | 17,673
Finance * | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 1
Total sales | ​ | $ | 3,843 | ​ | $ | 843 | ​ | $ | 49,675 | ​ | $ | 50,518 | ​ | $ | 54,361
​ * Finance revenue is related to equipment leasing and is not subject to the guidance on revenue from contracts with customers (ASC 606). Contract Assets and Liabilities When we have performed work but do not have an unconditional right to payment, a contract asset is recorded. When we have the right to bill a customer, accounts receivable is recorded as an unconditional right exists. Current contract assets were $0.9 million and $4.4 million as of September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively. The current portion is recorded in other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. There were no noncurrent contract assets as of September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022. The difference in the balances is due to regular timing differences between when work is performed and having an unconditional right to payment. Contract liabilities arise when payment is received before we transfer a good or service to the customer. Current contract liabilities were $1.9 million and $4.1 million as of September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively. The current portion of contract liabilities is recorded in deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets. There were no long-term contract liabilities as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Revenue recognized for the year ended September 30, 2023 that was included in contract liabilities as of September 30, 2022 was $3.2 million. Contract Costs Incremental costs of obtaining a contract involving customer transactions where the revenue and the related transfer of goods and services are equal to or less than a one year period, are expensed as incurred, utilizing the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4. For a period greater than one year, incremental contract costs are capitalized if we expect to recover these costs. The costs are amortized over the contract term and expected renewal periods. The period of amortization is generally three to six years. Incremental costs are related to commissions in the TS portion of the business. Current capitalized contract costs are within the other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023 and 2022. The portion of current capitalized costs were $172 thousand and $128 thousand as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There were no noncurrent capitalized costs on the consolidated balance sheets as these commissions are paid annually even when the contract extends beyond a one year period. The amount of incremental costs amortized for the year ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $436 thousand and $366 thousand, respectively. This is recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses. There was no impairment related to incremental costs capitalized for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Costs to fulfill a contract are capitalized when the costs are related to a contract or anticipated contract, generate or enhance resources that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in the future, and costs are recoverable. Costs to fulfill a contract are related to the TS portion of the business and involve activities performed before managed services can be completed. Current capitalized fulfillment costs are in the other current assets and noncurrent costs are in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. There were no current capitalized costs as of September 30, 2023 and $9 thousand as of September 30, 2022, respectively. There were no noncurrent capitalized costs as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The amount of fulfillment costs amortized year ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $9 thousand and $13 thousand, respectively. These costs amortized were recorded in cost of sales. There was no impairment related to fulfillment costs capitalized for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Other Projects are typically billed upon completion or at certain milestones. Product and services are typically billed when shipped or as services are being performed. Payment terms are typically 30 days to pay in full except in Europe where it could be up to 90 days. Most of our contracts are less than one year. There are certain contracts that contain a financing component. See Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. We elected to use the optional exemption to not disclose the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that have an original expected duration of one year or less. This is due to a low amount of performance obligations, which are less than one year from being unsatisfied at each period end. Most of these contracts are related to product sales. We have certain contracts that have an original term of more than one year. The royalty agreement is longer than one year, but not included in the table below as the royalties are sales-based. Managed service contracts are generally longer than one year. For these contracts the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as of September 30, 2023 is set forth in the table below: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | (Amounts in thousands)
Fiscal 2024 | ​ | ​ | 248
Fiscal 2025 | ​ | ​ | 123
Fiscal 2026 | ​ | ​ | 53
​ | ​ | $ | 424
​ Product Warranty Accrual Our product sales generally include a hardware warranty which ranges from 90-days to three-years. At time of product shipment, we accrue for the estimated cost to repair or replace potentially defective products. Estimated warranty costs are based upon prior actual warranty costs for substantially similar products. Engineering and Development Expenses Engineering and development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, stock-based compensation and other headcount-related expenses associated with product development. Engineering and development expenses also include third-party development and programming costs. We consider technological feasibility for our software products to be reached upon the release of the software, accordingly, no internal software development costs have been capitalized. Income Taxes We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in net income in the period that includes the enactment date. We also reduce deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the recorded deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods. This methodology requires estimates and judgments in the determination of the recoverability of deferred tax assets and in the calculation of certain tax liabilities. Valuation allowances are recorded against the gross deferred tax assets that management believes, after considering all available positive and negative objective evidence, historical and prospective, with greater weight given to historical evidence, that it is more likely than not that these assets will not be realized. In addition, we are required to recognize in the consolidated financial statements, those tax positions determined to be more-likely-than-not of being sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the positions as of the reporting date. If a tax position is not considered more-likely-than-not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits, no benefits of the position are recognized. In addition, the calculation of the Company’s tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations in a multitude of jurisdictions. The Company records liabilities for estimated tax obligations in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions. These estimated tax liabilities include the provision for taxes that may become payable in the future. Earnings per Share of Common Stock Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per common share reflects the maximum dilution that would have resulted from the assumed exercise and share repurchase related to dilutive stock options and is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the assumed weighted average number of common shares outstanding. We are required to present earnings per share ("EPS") utilizing the two-class method because we had outstanding, non-vested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents, which are considered participating securities. Basic and diluted earnings per share computations for the Company’s reported net income attributable to common stockholders are as follows:
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year Ended
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income |  | $ | 5,204 |  | $ | 1,889
Less: net income attributable to nonvested common stock |  | ​ | (320) |  | ​ | (100)
Net income attributable to common shareholders | ​ | $ | 4,884 |  | $ | 1,789
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average total shares outstanding – basic | ​ | ​ | 4,668 | ​ | ​ | 4,498
Less: weighted average non–vested shares outstanding | ​ | ​ | (287) | ​ | ​ | (237)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic | ​ | ​ | 4,381 |  | ​ | 4,261
Add: potential common shares from non–vested stock awards | ​ | ​ | 90 |  | ​ | 17
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted | ​ | $ | 4,471 |  | ​ | 4,278
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income per common share - basic | ​ | $ | 1.11 | ​ | $ | 0.42
Net income per common share - diluted | ​ | $ | 1.09 | ​ | $ | 0.42
​ All anti-dilutive securities, including stock options, are excluded from the diluted income per share computation. Non-vested restricted stock awards of 54 thousand shares were excluded from net income per share for the year ended September 30, 2023 because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. Non-vested restricted stock awards of 171 thousand shares were excluded from net income per share for the year ended September 30, 2022 because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Stock-Based Compensation We measure and recognize compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards made to employees and directors for nonvested shares of restricted common stock based on estimated fair values of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant. The Company has no outstanding stock options issued as of September 30, 2023 and did not issue any for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The fair value of nonvested restricted share awards is equal to the quoted market price of our common stock as quoted on the Nasdaq Global Market on the date of grant. The fair value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 is based on awards ultimately expected to vest and has been reduced for estimated forfeitures and will be revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Stock-based compensation expense recognized for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of restricted stock granted pursuant to the Company’s stock incentive and employee stock purchase plans of approximately $1.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Concentrations of Credit Risk Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with several financial institutions in the U.S. and the U.K. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in cash and cash equivalents. We had one customer who totaled approximately $7.4 million, or 30%, and approximately $15.8 million, or 52%, of total consolidated accounts receivable as of September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively. We believe that the Company is not exposed to any significant credit risk with respect to the accounts receivable with this customer as of September 30, 2023. No other customers accounted for 10% or more of total consolidated accounts receivable as of September 30, 2023. Subsequent Events The Company recognizes in the consolidated financial statements the effects of all subsequent events that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the statement of financial position, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing financial statements. The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date of this filing. New accounting standards not adopted as of September 30, 2023 In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), an amendment of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. This ASU will change how entities account for credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade receivables, loans and held-to-maturity debt securities entities will be required to estimate lifetime expected credit losses. For available-for-sale debt securities entities will be required to recognize an allowance for credit losses rather than a reduction to the carrying value of the asset. Additionally, there will be a significant increase in the amount of disclosures by year of origination for certain financing receivables. For public entities classified as a smaller reporting company, the new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022 (ASU 2019-10 Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates), including interim periods within that annual period. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-13 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-1 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 235 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//235/tableOfContent + Details
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