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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | 15. Income Taxes The provision for income tax expense (benefit) is comprised of the following:
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Current tax, federal |  | $ | 391,476 |  |  | $ | 221,758 |
Current tax, state |  |  | 177,096 |  |  |  | 82,806 |
Current tax, foreign |  |  | 51,285 |  |  |  | 112,449 |
Current tax, total |  |  | 619,857 |  |  |  | 417,013 |
Deferred income tax, federal |  |  | (293,796 | ) |  |  | - |
Deferred income tax, state |  |  | (132,908 | ) |  |  | - |
Deferred income tax, foreign |  |  | (175,717 | ) |  |  | 759,493 |
Deferred income tax, total |  |  | (602,421 | ) |  |  | 759,493 |
Total |  | $ | 17,436 |  |  | $ | 1,176,506 |
The following table reconciles the income tax benefit at the U.S. Federal statutory rate to income tax benefit at the Company’s effective tax rates.
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Income (loss) before tax, net of tax from gain on involuntary disposition |  |  | 2,314,621 |  |  |  | 3,054,847 |
Tax from gain on involuntary disposition |  |  | - |  |  |  | 693,063 |
Income (loss) before taxes |  |  | 2,314,621 |  |  |  | 3,747,910 |
US statutory tax rates |  |  | 30.50 | % |  |  | 28.51 | %
Expected income tax (recovery) |  |  | 705,960 |  |  |  | 1,068,342 |
Non-deductible items |  |  | (41,419 | ) |  |  | 354,548 |
Change in estimates and other |  |  | 27,893 |  |  |  | 183,529 |
Change in enacted tax rate |  |  | (263,686 | ) |  |  | - |
Foreign tax rate difference |  |  | (400,593 | ) |  |  | (393,794 | )
Change in valuation allowance |  |  | (10,719 | ) |  |  | (36,119 | )
Total income taxes (recovery) |  |  | 17,436 |  |  |  | 1,176,506 |
Current income tax expenses (recovery) |  |  | 619,857 |  |  |  | 417,013 |
Deferred tax expenses (recovery) |  |  | (602,421 | ) |  |  | 759,493 |
Total income taxes (recovery) |  |  | 17,436 |  |  |  | 1,176,506 |
Deferred taxes reflect the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes. Deferred tax assets (liabilities) at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are comprised of the following:
Canada |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Non capital loss carryforwards |  |  | 769,112 |  |  |  | 556,462 |
Patents |  |  | 63,998 |  |  |  | 63,998 |
Fixed assets |  |  | (350 | ) |  |  | (350 | )
Financial instruments |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
|  |  | 832,760 |  |  |  | 620,110 |
Valuation Allowance |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Net Deferred tax asset (liability) |  |  | 832,760 |  |  |  | 620,110 |
USA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | 2019 |  |  |  | 2018 |
Non capital loss carryforwards |  |  | 152,299 |  |  |  | - |
Fixed Assets |  |  | 264,952 |  |  |  | 247,665 |
Intangible assets |  |  | (1,058,641 | ) |  |  | (989,569 | )
Stock-Based Compensation |  |  | 185,866 |  |  |  | 173,739 |
|  |  | (455,524 | ) |  |  | (568,165 | )
Deferred tax asset not recognized |  |  | 164,284 |  |  |  | 153,565 |
Net Deferred tax asset |  |  | (291,240 | ) |  |  | (414,600 | )
The Company has non-operating loss carryforwards of approximately $3,347,903 (2018 - $2,060,971) which may be carried forward to apply against future year income tax for Canadian income tax purposes, subject to the final determination by taxation authorities, expiring in the following years:
Expiry |  | Loss |
2032 |  |  | 401,480 |
2037 |  |  | 1,659,491 |
2039 |  |  | 1,286,932 |
Total |  |  | 3,347,903 |
As at December 31, 2019, the Company has no net operating losses carryforward available for US tax purposes.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 + Details
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