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Fair Value Measurements | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2023
Fair Value Measurements [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurements | 8. Fair Value Measurements Overview ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value as well as a hierarchy of fair value inputs. Refer to the below as well as Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Company’s 2022 Form 10-K for further information regarding fair value hierarchy, valuation techniques and other items related to fair value measurements. Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis The tables below present, by level within the fair value hierarchy, financial assets and liabilities, measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated. As required by ASC Topic 820, financial assets and financial liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the respective fair value measurement.
|  | As of June 30, 2023 |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and securities segregated for regulatory purposes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government securities |  | $ | 172,115,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 172,115,000 |
Securities owned, at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government securities |  | $ | 17,421,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,421,000 |
Certificates of deposit |  |  | — |  |  |  | 92,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 92,000 |
Municipal securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56,000 |
Corporate bonds |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,000 |
Equity securities |  |  | 44,000 |  |  |  | 165,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 209,000 |
Total Securities owned, at fair value |  | $ | 17,465,000 |  |  | $ | 316,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,781,000 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities sold, not yet purchased, at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities |  | $ | 2,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,000 |
Total Securities sold, not yet purchased, at fair value |  | $ | 2,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,000 |
|  | As of December 31, 2022 |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and securities segregated for regulatory purposes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government securities |  | $ | 140,978,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 140,978,000 |
Securities owned, at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government securities |  | $ | 2,808,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,808,000 |
Certificates of deposit |  |  | — |  |  |  | 92,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 92,000 |
Municipal securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 52,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 52,000 |
Corporate bonds |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,000 |
Equity securities |  |  | 63,000 |  |  |  | 182,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 245,000 |
Total Securities owned, at fair value |  | $ | 2,871,000 |  |  | $ | 333,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,204,000 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities sold, not yet purchased, at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities |  | $ | 2,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,000 |
Total Securities sold, not yet purchased, at fair value |  | $ | 2,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,000 |
The Company had U.S. government securities with the below market values and maturity dates for the periods indicated:
|  | As of June 30, 2023 |
Market value of U.S. government securities portfolio |  |  |
Maturing 07/25/2023, 4.762% Discount Rate |  | $ | 19,939,000 |
Maturing 08/03/2023, 4.820% Discount Rate |  |  | 24,890,000 |
Maturing 08/31/2023, 1.375% Coupon Rate |  |  | 9,938,000 |
Maturing 09/21/2023, 4.865% Discount Rate |  |  | 14,828,000 |
Maturing 11/16/2023, 5.270% Coupon Rate |  |  | 2,941,000 |
Maturing 12/31/2023, 0.750% Coupon Rate |  |  | 63,549,000 |
Maturing 01/31/2024, 0.875% Coupon Rate |  |  | 24,356,000 |
Maturing 05/16/2024, 4.966% Coupon Rate |  |  | 2,863,000 |
Maturing 05/16/2024, 5.019% Coupon Rate |  |  | 9,544,000 |
Maturing 05/31/2024, 2.500% Coupon Rate |  |  | 4,870,000 |
Maturing 05/31/2024, 2.500% Coupon Rate |  |  | 4,870,000 |
Maturing 08/15/2024, 0.375% Coupon Rate |  |  | 2,838,000 |
Maturing 04/30/2025, 3.875% Coupon Rate |  |  | 3,922,000 |
Accrued interest |  |  | 188,000 |
Total Market value of U.S. government securities portfolio |  | $ | 189,536,000 |
|  | As of December 31, 2022 |
Market value of U.S. government securities portfolio |  |  |
Maturing 03/23/2023, 3.750% Discount Rate |  | $ | 24,768,000 |
Maturing 05/18/2023, 2.700% Discount Rate |  |  | 9,831,000 |
Maturing 08/31/2023, 1.375% Coupon Rate |  |  | 9,777,000 |
Maturing 12/31/2023, 0.750% Coupon Rate |  |  | 62,497,000 |
Maturing 01/31/2024, 0.875% Coupon Rate |  |  | 23,995,000 |
Maturing 05/31/2024, 2.500% Coupon Rate |  |  | 9,707,000 |
Maturing 08/15/2024, 0.375% Coupon Rate |  |  | 2,808,000 |
Accrued interest |  |  | 404,000 |
Total Market value of U.S. government securities portfolio |  | $ | 143,787,000 |
Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis The following table represents information for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and displays the carrying value after measurement as of the periods indicated. The fair value measurement is nonrecurring as these assets are measured at fair value only when there is a triggering event (e.g., an evidence of impairment). Assets included in the table are those that were impaired during the respective reporting periods and that are still held as of the reporting date. The estimated fair values for these amounts were determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).
|  | As of June 30, 2023 |  |  | As of December 31, 2022 |
Equity method investment in related party |  | $ | 2,510,000 |  |  | $ | 2,584,000 |
As a result of the transaction discussed in Note 3 – Transactions with Tigress and Hedge Connection, the Company recognized an impairment charge for its investment in Tigress of approximately $4,015,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The fair value of the Company’s investment in Tigress was determined using the income and market approach. For the income approach, the Company utilized estimated discounted future cash flow expected to be generated by Tigress. For the market approach, the Company utilized market multiples of revenue and earnings derived from comparable publicly-traded companies. As a result of the transaction discussed in Note 24 – Subsequent Events, the Company observed current market prices of Tigress’ membership interests that were below the Company’s carrying value of its equity investment in Tigress. As the Company has no intention of retaining its investment in Tigress for a long enough period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value of the investment, the Company determined that the decline in market value of its investment in Tigress indicated an other than temporary impairment. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recognized an impairment charge for its investment in Tigress of approximately $185,000, which was included in “Impairment of investments” in the statements of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value The following represents financial instruments in which the ending balances as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 that are not carried at fair value in the statements of financial condition: Short-term financial instruments: The carrying value of short-term financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents as well as cash and securities segregated for regulatory purposes, are recorded at amounts that approximate the fair value of these instruments. These financial instruments generally expose the Company to limited credit risk and have no stated maturities or have short-term maturities and carry interest rates that approximate market rates. The Company had no cash equivalents for regulatory purposes as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Securities segregated for regulatory purposes consist solely of U.S. government securities and are included in the fair value hierarchy table above. Cash and cash equivalents and cash and securities segregated for regulatory purposes are classified as level 1. Receivables and other assets: Receivables from customers, receivables from non-customers, receivables from and deposits with broker-dealers and clearing organizations, other receivables, and prepaid expenses and other assets are recorded at amounts that approximate fair value and are classified as level 2 under the fair value hierarchy. The Company may hold cash equivalents related to rent deposits in prepaid expenses and other assets that are categorized as level 2 under the fair value hierarchy. Securities borrowed and securities loaned: Securities borrowed and securities loaned are recorded at amounts which approximate fair value and are primarily classified as level 2 under the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s securities borrowed and securities loaned balances represent amounts of equity securities borrow and loan contracts and are marked-to-market daily in accordance with standard industry practices which approximate fair value. Investments, cost: The Company’s non-marketable equity securities are investments in privately held companies without readily determinable market values. Due to the absence of quoted market prices, the inherent lack of liquidity and the fact that inputs used to measure fair value are unobservable and require management’s judgment. As there is no readily determinable fair value, the carrying amount of these investments minus impairment approximates the fair value. The cost will be adjusted upwards or downwards in accordance with observable market transactions. Under the fair value hierarchy, investments, cost is classified as level 3. Payables: Payables to customers, payables to non-customers, drafts payable, payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and taxes payable are recorded at amounts that approximate fair value due to their short-term nature and are classified as level 2 under the fair value hierarchy. Deferred contract incentive: The carrying amount of the deferred contract incentive approximates fair value due to the relative short-term nature of the liability. Under the fair value hierarchy, the deferred contract incentive is classified as level 2. Long-term debt: The carrying amount of the mortgage with East West Bank approximates fair value as it reflects terms that approximate current market terms for similar arrangements. Under the fair value hierarchy, the mortgage is classified as level 2.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 + Details
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