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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Schedule of Domestic and Foreign Components of Loss before Income Taxes | The domestic and foreign components of loss before income taxes were as follows (in thousands):
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Domestic |  | $ | (38,706 | ) |  | $ | (27,148 | ) |  | $ | (12,832 | )
Foreign |  | $ | (1,180 | ) |  |  | (5,493 | ) |  |  | (321 | )
Loss before income taxes |  | $ | (39,886 | ) |  | $ | (32,641 | ) |  | $ | (13,153 | )
Reconciliation of U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate to Company's Effective Income Tax Rate | A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate is as follows:
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Federal statutory income tax rate |  |  | (34.0 | ) |  |  | (34.0 | ) |  |  | (34.0 | )
Federal and state research and development tax credit |  |  | (3.3 | ) |  |  | (1.7 | ) |  |  | (0.9 | )
State taxes, net of federal benefit |  |  | (5.3 | ) |  |  | (4.4 | ) |  |  | (5.2 | )
Foreign rate differential |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  | 0.3 |
Nondeductible items |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | 4.8 |  |  |  | 10.2 |
Effect of US tax reform |  |  | 23.8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Increase in deferred tax asset valuation allowance |  |  | 18.8 |  |  |  | 33.0 |  |  |  | 29.6 |
Effective income tax rate |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net Deferred Tax Assets | Net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 consisted of the following (in thousands):
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Net operating loss carryforwards |  | $ | 21,754 |  |  | $ | 16,406 |
Research and development tax credit carryforwards |  |  | 2,022 |  |  |  | 697 |
Other |  |  | 743 |  |  |  | 49 |
Total deferred tax assets |  |  | 24,519 |  |  |  | 17,152 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | (24,519 | ) |  |  | (17,152 | )
Net deferred tax assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Summary of Changes in Valuation Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets | Changes in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 related primarily to the increase in net operating loss carryforwards, capitalized research and development expenses and research and development tax credit carryforwards and were as follows (in thousands):
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Valuation allowance as of beginning of year |  | $ | (17,152 | ) |  | $ | (6,157 | )
Decreases recorded as benefit to income tax provision |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Increases recorded to income tax provision |  |  | (7,367 | ) |  |  | (10,995 | )
Valuation allowance as of end of year |  | $ | (24,519 | ) |  | $ | (17,152 | )

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