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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250224074529
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-25-016368
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		18
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20250221
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250224
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250224

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			QVC Group, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001355096
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	RETAIL-CATALOG & MAIL-ORDER HOUSES [5961]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	07 Trade & Services
		IRS NUMBER:				841288730
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-33982
		FILM NUMBER:		25654211

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		12300 LIBERTY BOULEVARD
		CITY:			ENGLEWOOD
		STATE:			CO
		ZIP:			80112
		BUSINESS PHONE:		7208755400

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		12300 LIBERTY BOULEVARD
		CITY:			ENGLEWOOD
		STATE:			CO
		ZIP:			80112

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Qurate Retail, Inc.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20180409

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Liberty Interactive Corp
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20110923

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	LIBERTY MEDIA CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20060512
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<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">UNITED STATES</p>

<p style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Washington, D.C. 20549</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>FORM&#160;<span id="xdx_908_edei--DocumentType_c20250221__20250221_zE0IcMjJJkD7"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-02-21" id="Fact000011" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Pursuant to Section&#160;13 or 15(d)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Date of Report (date of earliest event reported):
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Check the appropriate box below if the Form&#160;8-K filing
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Instruction A.2. below):</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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Written communications pursuant to Rule&#160;425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Securities registered pursuant to Section&#160;12(b)&#160;of
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate by
check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule&#160;405 of the Securities Act of 1933
(&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule&#160;12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</span></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt">Emerging growth company <span id="xdx_905_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20250221__20250221_zumQ2wylSlg7" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2025-02-21" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000037" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If an emerging
growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with
any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;13(a)&#160;of the Exchange Act. </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 5.03. Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change
in Fiscal Year.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; color: #212529"><span style="background-color: white">Effective
February&#160;21, 2025, QVC Group,&#160;Inc. (formerly known as Qurate Retail,&#160;Inc., the &#8220;Company&#8221;) amended its Restated
Certificate of Incorporation to change its name from &#8220;Qurate Retail,&#160;Inc.&#8221; to &#8220;QVC Group,&#160;Inc.&#8221; (the
&#8220;Certificate of Amendment&#8221;). In addition, the Company amended and restated its bylaws (the &#8220;Amended Bylaws&#8221;),
also effective February&#160;21, 2025, to reflect the name change.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; color: #212529"><span style="background-color: white">The
Company&#8217;s Series&#160;A common stock, Series&#160;B common stock, and 8.0% Series&#160;A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock previously
traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;) under the ticker symbols &#8220;QRTEA&#8221;, &#8220;QRTEB&#8221; and &#8220;QRTEP&#8221;,
respectively and, effective as of open of trading on February&#160;24, 2025, will trade on Nasdaq under the new ticker symbols &#8220;QVCGA&#8221;,
&#8220;QVCGB&#8221; and &#8220;QVCGP&#8221;, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; color: #212529"><span style="background-color: white">The
name change does not affect the rights of the Company&#8217;s security holders, and the CUSIP numbers for the Company&#8217;s Series&#160;A
common stock, Series&#160;B common stock, and 8.0% Series&#160;A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock will remain unchanged.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; color: #212529"><span style="background-color: white">The
foregoing description of the Certificate of Amendment and the Amended Bylaws is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the Certificate
of Amendment and the Amended Bylaws, copies of which are filed as Exhibit&#160;3.1 and Exhibit&#160;3.2, respectively, to this Current
Report on Form&#160;8-K and incorporated by reference herein.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Item 7.01. Regulation FD Disclosure.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February&#160;21, 2025, the Company issued
a press release regarding the name change.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, on February&#160;21, 2025, the Company
issued a press release announcing its 2025 annual meeting date and the deadline to receive shareholder proposals, as described in more
detail below.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Item 7.01 and the press releases attached
hereto as Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 are being furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission in satisfaction of the public disclosure
requirements of Regulation FD and shall not be deemed &#8220;filed&#8221; for any purpose.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Item 8.01. Other Events.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company will be holding its virtual Annual
Meeting of Stockholders (the &#8220;Annual Meeting&#8221;) on Monday, May&#160;12, 2025 at 11:00 a.m.&#160;M.T. The record date for the
meeting is 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on March&#160;24, 2025. The reason for the advancement of the Annual Meeting date is to allow
sufficient time for the Company to implement a proposed reverse stock split of its outstanding shares of Series&#160;A and Series&#160;B
common stock in order to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing of the Series&#160;A common stock
on the Nasdaq Capital Market, if necessary and as previously disclosed on the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form&#160;8-K dated December&#160;10,
2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The date of the Annual Meeting has been advanced
by more than 20 days from the anniversary date of last year&#8217;s annual meeting of stockholders (held on June&#160;10, 2024). As a
result, in accordance with the Company&#8217;s bylaws, (i)&#160;stockholder proposals for consideration at the Annual Meeting and (ii)&#160;stockholder
nominees for election to the board of directors at the Annual Meeting must be received by the Company&#8217;s Corporate Secretary at its
executive offices at 12300 Liberty Boulevard, Englewood, CO 80112 by no later than the close of business on March&#160;3, 2025.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>(d)&#160;Exhibits</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 83%; padding-right: 3pt; padding-bottom: 2pt; padding-left: 3pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 3pt; padding-bottom: 2pt; padding-left: 3pt"><a href="tm257272d1_ex99-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Press Release, dated February&#160;21, 2025</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 3 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly
authorized.<span style="background-color: fuchsia"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Date: February&#160;24, 2025</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 50%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 3%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 47%">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title: Vice President and Secretary</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 3.1
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 3.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>TO THE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>OF</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>QURATE RETAIL,&nbsp;INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">February&nbsp;19, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Qurate Retail,&nbsp;Inc., a
corporation duly organized and existing under and the laws of the State of Delaware (the &ldquo;<U>Corporation</U>&rdquo;), hereby certifies
as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>FIRST</B>:&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation is hereby amended solely to reflect a change in the name of the Corporation by
deleting the text of Article&nbsp;I thereof and inserting the following in lieu thereof:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&ldquo;The name of the corporation
is QVC Group,&nbsp;Inc. (the &ldquo;<B>Corporation</B>&rdquo;)&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>SECOND</B>:&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
foregoing amendment was duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;242 of the General Corporation Law of the State
of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><B>THIRD</B>:&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;This
Certificate of Amendment will become effective at 4:01 p.m., Eastern Time, on February&nbsp;21, 2025.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">* * * *</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned,
as a duly authorized officer of the Corporation, has executed this Certificate of Amendment as of the date first set forth above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">QURATE RETAIL,&nbsp;INC.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ Renee Wilm</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Name:</TD>
    <TD>Renee L. Wilm</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Title:</TD>
    <TD>Chief Legal Officer and Chief Administrative Officer</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">[Signature Page to Certificate of Amendment]</P>

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<TYPE>EX-3.2
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tm257272d1_ex3-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 3.2
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 3.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>QVC GROUP,&nbsp;INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">A Delaware Corporation</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 25%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ARTICLE&nbsp;I</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">STOCKHOLDERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;1.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Annual
Meeting</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">An annual meeting of stockholders
for the purpose of electing directors and of transacting any other business properly brought before the meeting pursuant to these Bylaws
shall be held each year at such date, time and place, either within or without the State of Delaware or, if so determined by the Board
of Directors in its sole discretion, at no place (but rather by means of remote communication), as may be specified by the Board of Directors
in the notice of meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;1.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Special
Meetings</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Except as otherwise provided
in the terms of any series of preferred stock or unless otherwise provided by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, special meetings
of stockholders of the Corporation, for the transaction of such business as may properly come before the meeting, may be called by the
Secretary of the Corporation (the &ldquo;<B>Secretary</B>&rdquo;) only (i)&nbsp;upon written request received by the Secretary at the
principal executive offices of the Corporation by or on behalf of the holder or holders of record of outstanding shares of capital stock
of the Corporation, representing collectively not less than 66 <SUP>2</SUP>/<SUB>3</SUB>% of the total voting power of the outstanding
capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting or (ii)&nbsp;at the request of not less than 75% of the members of
the Board of Directors then in office. Only such business may be transacted as is specified in the notice of the special meeting. The
Board of Directors shall have the sole power to determine the time, date and place, either within or without the State of Delaware, or,
if so determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, at no place (but rather by means of remote communication), for any
special meeting of stockholders (including those properly called by the Secretary in accordance with Section&nbsp;1.2(i)&nbsp;hereof).
Following such determination, it shall be the duty of the Secretary to cause notice to be given to the stockholders entitled to vote
at such meeting that a meeting will be held at the time, date and place, if any, and in accordance with the record date determined by
the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;1.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Record
Date</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">In order that the Corporation
may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may
fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board
of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) calendar days nor less than ten (10)&nbsp;calendar days before
the date of such meeting. If the Board of Directors so fixes a record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of any
meeting of stockholders, such date shall be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting, unless
the Board of Directors determines, at the time it fixes the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of such meeting,
that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote at such
meeting. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution
or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose
of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon
which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty
(60) calendar days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors: (i)&nbsp;the record date for determining
stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding
the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting
is held, and (ii)&nbsp;the record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day
on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice
of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors
may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting in accordance with this Section&nbsp;1.3.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;1.4&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Notice
of Meetings</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Notice of all stockholders
meetings, stating the place, if any, date and hour thereof, as well as the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote
at such meeting (if such record date is different from the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting);
the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at
such meeting; and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be delivered by the
Corporation in accordance with Section&nbsp;5.4 of these Bylaws, applicable law and applicable stock exchange rules&nbsp;and regulations
by the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, to each stockholder entitled
to notice of such meeting, unless otherwise provided by applicable law or the Certificate of Incorporation, at least ten (10)&nbsp;calendar
days but not more than sixty (60) calendar days before the date of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;1.5&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Notice
of Stockholder Business</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Annual
Meetings of Stockholders</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(1)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;At
an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting.
To be properly brought before an annual meeting, nominations for persons for election to the Board of Directors and the proposal of business
to be considered by the stockholders must be (i)&nbsp;specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the
direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof), (ii)&nbsp;otherwise properly brought before the meeting
by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof), or (iii)&nbsp;otherwise properly be requested
to be brought before the meeting by a stockholder (x)&nbsp;who complies with the procedures set forth in this Section&nbsp;1.5 and (y)&nbsp;who
was a stockholder of record of the Corporation (and, with respect to any beneficial owner, if different, on whose behalf such business
is proposed or such nomination or nominations made, only if such beneficial owner was the beneficial owner of shares of the Corporation)
both at the time the notice provided for in Section&nbsp;1.5(a)(2)&nbsp;is delivered to the Secretary and on the record date for the
determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, and (z)&nbsp;who is entitled to vote at the meeting upon such election
of directors or upon such business, as the case may be.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(2)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;In
addition to any other requirements under applicable law and the Corporation&rsquo;s Certificate of Incorporation, for a nomination for
election to the Board of Directors or the proposal of business to be properly requested to be brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder,
the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary and any such proposed business, other than
the nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors, must constitute a proper matter for stockholder action pursuant to
the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, and applicable law. To be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice must be received at the
principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) calendar days nor more than one hundred twenty (120) calendar
days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year&rsquo;s annual meeting; provided, that, in the event that the date of the annual
meeting is advanced by more than twenty (20) calendar days, or delayed by more than seventy (70) calendar days, from such anniversary
date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not earlier than the one hundred twentieth (120<SUP>th</SUP>) day prior
to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90<SUP>th</SUP>) day prior to such annual
meeting or the tenth (10<SUP>th</SUP>) day following the day on which notice of the date of the meeting was communicated to stockholders
or public announcement (as defined below) of the date of the meeting was made, whichever occurs first; and provided further, that for
purposes of the application of Rule&nbsp;14a-4(c)&nbsp;under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;)
(or any successor provision), the date for notice specified in this paragraph (a)(2)&nbsp;shall be the earlier of the date calculated
as hereinbefore provided or the date specified in paragraph (c)(1)&nbsp;of Rule&nbsp;14a-4. In no event shall the public announcement
of an adjournment or postponement of a meeting of stockholders commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving
of a stockholder notice as described herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2in">To be in proper written form,
such stockholder&rsquo;s notice to the Secretary must be submitted by a holder of record of stock entitled to vote on the nomination
of directors of the Corporation and shall set forth in writing and describe in fair, accurate, and material detail (A)&nbsp;as to each
person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director (a &ldquo;<B>nominee</B>&rdquo;) (i)&nbsp;the name, age,
business and residence address, and principal occupation or employment of the nominee, (ii)&nbsp;all information relating to such nominee
that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest, or is otherwise required,
in each case pursuant to and in accordance with Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act of 1934, and (iii)&nbsp;such nominee&rsquo;s written
consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee, the accompanying proxy card and to serving as a director if elected; (B)&nbsp;as
to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting, (i)&nbsp;a brief description of the business
desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii)&nbsp;the text
of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and, in the event that such business includes
a proposal to amend the Bylaws of the Corporation, the language of the proposed amendment), and (iii)&nbsp;any material interest of the
stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, in such business; and (C)&nbsp;as to such stockholder
giving notice and the beneficial owner or owners, if different, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made, and any affiliates
or associates (each within the meaning of Rule&nbsp;12b-2 under the Exchange Act) of such stockholder or beneficial owner (each a &ldquo;<B>Proposing
Person</B>&rdquo;) (i)&nbsp;the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation&rsquo;s books, of such Proposing Person, (ii)&nbsp;the
class or series and number of shares of the capital stock of the Corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned beneficially and
of record (within the meaning of Rule&nbsp;13d-3 under the Exchange Act) by such Proposing Person (provided that for purposes of this
Section&nbsp;1.5, such Proposing Person shall in all events be deemed to beneficially own any shares of any class or series and number
of shares of capital stock of the Corporation as to which such Proposing Person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time
in the future), (iii)&nbsp;a description of all agreements, arrangements or understandings between (or on behalf of) such Proposing Person
and any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which the proposals or nominations are to be made by such stockholder,
(iv)&nbsp;a representation by each Proposing Person who is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation (A)&nbsp;that the notice the
Proposing Person is giving to the Secretary is being given on behalf of (x)&nbsp;such holder of record and/or (y)&nbsp;if different than
such holder of record, one or more beneficial owners of stock of the Corporation held of record by such holder of record, (B)&nbsp;as
to each such beneficial owner, the number of shares held of record by such holder of record that are beneficially owned by such beneficial
owner, with documentary evidence of such beneficial ownership, and (C)&nbsp;that such holder of record is entitled to vote at such meeting
and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such business or nomination set forth in its notice, (v)&nbsp;a
representation (I)&nbsp;whether any such Proposing Person or nominee has received any financial assistance, funding or other consideration
from any other person in respect of the nomination (and the details thereof) (a &ldquo;<B>Stockholder Associated Person</B>&rdquo;) and
(II)&nbsp;whether and the extent to which any hedging, derivative or other transaction has been entered into with respect to the Corporation
within the past twelve (12) months by, or is in effect with respect to, such Proposing Person, any person to be nominated by such Proposing
Person or any Stockholder Associated Person, the effect or intent of which transaction is to mitigate loss to or manage risk or benefit
of share price changes for, or to increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder, nominee or any such Stockholder Associated
Person, (vi)&nbsp;a representation whether any Proposing Person intends or is part of a group that intends to (I)&nbsp;deliver a proxy
statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation&rsquo;s outstanding voting power required to
approve or adopt the proposal or elect the nominee and/or (II)&nbsp;otherwise solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such proposal,
(vii)&nbsp;a representation that no Proposing Person or nominee is subject to, nor will enter into, any voting or other agreement that
has not been disclosed to the Corporation and that could limit or interfere with such nominee&rsquo;s ability to comply, if elected,
with their fiduciary duties under applicable law, and (viii)&nbsp;any other information relating to such Proposing Person that would
be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies in
support of such proposal pursuant to Section&nbsp;14 of the Exchange Act, and any rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder.
The foregoing notice requirements of this Section&nbsp;1.5 shall not apply to any proposal made pursuant to Rule&nbsp;14a-8 (or any successor
thereof) promulgated under the Exchange Act. A proposal to be made pursuant to Rule&nbsp;14a-8 (or any successor thereof) promulgated
under the Exchange Act shall be deemed satisfied if the stockholder making such proposal complies with the provisions of Rule&nbsp;14a-8
and has notified the Corporation of his or her intention to present a proposal at an annual meeting in compliance with Rule&nbsp;14a-8
and such stockholder&rsquo;s proposal has been included in a proxy statement that has been prepared by the Corporation to solicit proxies
for such annual meeting. The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as it may reasonably require
to determine (x)&nbsp;the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation and (y)&nbsp;whether the nominee
would qualify as an &ldquo;independent director&rdquo; or &ldquo;audit committee financial expert&rdquo; under applicable law, securities
exchange rule&nbsp;or regulation, or any publicly disclosed corporate governance guideline or committee charter of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(3)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;In
addition to the other requirements of this Section&nbsp;1.5, each nominee who a Proposing Person proposes to nominate for election or
re-election as a director must deliver in writing (in accordance with the time periods prescribed for delivery of notice under this Section&nbsp;1.5)
to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation a written questionnaire completed and signed by such nominee (in
the form provided by the Secretary upon written request of any stockholder of record within ten (10)&nbsp;days of such request) with
respect to the background, qualifications, and independence of such nominee and the background of any other person or entity on whose
behalf the nomination is being made.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(4)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Notwithstanding
anything in paragraph (a)(2)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;1.5 to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to
the Board of Directors of the Corporation at an annual meeting is increased and there is no public announcement by the Corporation naming
all of the nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased Board of Directors at least one hundred (100) calendar days
prior to the first anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice required by this Section&nbsp;1.5
shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be received
by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10<SUP>th</SUP>)
day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(5)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary set forth herein, unless otherwise required by law, if any stockholder or Proposing Person (i)&nbsp;provides
notice pursuant to Rule&nbsp;14a-19(b)&nbsp;under the Exchange Act with respect to any proposed nominee and (ii)&nbsp;subsequently fails
to comply with the requirements of Rule&nbsp;14a-19 under the Exchange Act (or fails to timely provide reasonable evidence sufficient
to satisfy the Corporation that such stockholder has met the requirements of Rule&nbsp;14a-19(a)(3)&nbsp;under the Exchange Act in accordance
with the following sentence), then the nomination of each such proposed nominee shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that the nominee
is included as a nominee in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement, notice of meeting or other proxy materials for any annual meeting
(or any supplement thereto) and notwithstanding that proxies or votes in respect of the election of such proposed nominees may have been
received by the Corporation (which proxies and votes shall be disregarded). If any stockholder or Proposing Person provides notice pursuant
to Rule&nbsp;14a-19(b)&nbsp;promulgated under the Exchange Act, such stockholder shall deliver to the Corporation, no later than five
business days prior to the date of the meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof, reasonable evidence that it has met the requirements
of Rule&nbsp;14a-19(a)(3)&nbsp;promulgated under the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Special
Meetings of Stockholders</U>. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before
the meeting pursuant to the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting. In the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders
for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board of Directors, any such stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting who
was a stockholder of record of the Corporation (and, with respect to any beneficial owner, if different, on whose behalf such nomination
or nominations are made, only if such beneficial owner was the beneficial owner of shares of the Corporation) both at the time the notice
provided for in paragraph (a)(2)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;1.5 is delivered to the Secretary and on the record date for the determination
of stockholders entitled to vote at the special meeting may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be) for election to such position(s)&nbsp;as
specified in the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting, if the stockholder&rsquo;s notice meeting the requirements of paragraph (a)(2)&nbsp;of
this Section&nbsp;1.5 (substituting special meeting for annual meeting as applicable) shall be received by the Secretary at the principal
executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120<SUP>th</SUP>) day prior
to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90<SUP>th</SUP>) day prior to such special
meeting or the tenth (10<SUP>th</SUP>) day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting
and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting; provided, however, that a stockholder may nominate
persons for election at a special meeting only to such directorship(s)&nbsp;as specified in the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of the meeting.
In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of a special meeting commence a new time period (or extend
any time period) for the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice as described above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Updating
and Supplementing of Stockholder Information</U>. A stockholder providing notice of nominations of persons for election to the Board
of Directors at an annual or special meeting of stockholders or notice of business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting of
stockholders shall further update and supplement such notice so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice
pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;1.5 shall be true and correct both as of the record date for the determination
of stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10)&nbsp;business days before the meeting or any adjournment
or postponement thereof, and such updated and supplemental information shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary
at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (a)&nbsp;in the case of information that is required to be updated and supplemented
to be true and correct as of the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting, not later than
the later of five (5)&nbsp;business days after such record date or five (5)&nbsp;business days after the public announcement of such
record date, and (b)&nbsp;in the case of information that is required to be updated and supplemented to be true and correct as of ten
(10)&nbsp;business days before the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, not later than eight (8)&nbsp;business days before
the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof (or if not practicable to provide such updated and supplemental information not
later than eight (8)&nbsp;business days before any adjournment or postponement, on the first practicable date before any such adjournment
or postponement).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>General</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(1)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Only
such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section&nbsp;1.5 shall be eligible to be elected at
an annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to serve as directors and only such business shall be conducted at a
meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section&nbsp;1.5.
Except as otherwise provided by law, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty (i)&nbsp;to determine whether a nomination
or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures
set forth in this Section&nbsp;1.5 (including whether the stockholder or beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or
proposal is made solicited (or is part of a group which solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies in support of such
stockholder&rsquo;s nominee or proposal in compliance with such stockholder&rsquo;s representation as required by clause (a)(2)(C)(vi)&nbsp;of
this Section&nbsp;1.5) and (ii)&nbsp;if any proposed nomination or proposed business was not made or proposed in compliance with this
Section&nbsp;1.5, to declare that such nomination shall be disregarded or that such proposed business shall not be transacted. Notwithstanding
the foregoing provisions of this Section&nbsp;1.5, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear
at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present the nomination to the Board of Directors or to present
the proposed business, such nomination shall be disregarded and such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that
proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;1.5, to be considered a
qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission
delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing
or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(2)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;For
purposes of this Section&nbsp;1.5, (i)&nbsp;&ldquo;<B>public announcement</B>&rdquo; shall mean disclosure in a press release reported
by a national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to
the Exchange Act, and (ii)&nbsp;&ldquo;<B>business day</B>&rdquo; shall mean any day, other than Saturday, Sunday and any day on which
banks located in the State of New York are authorized or obligated by applicable law to close.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(3)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Notwithstanding
the foregoing provisions of this Section&nbsp;1.5, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act
and the rules&nbsp;and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section&nbsp;1.5. Nothing in this Section&nbsp;1.5
shall be deemed to affect any rights (i)&nbsp;of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement
pursuant to Rule&nbsp;14a-8 under the Exchange Act or (ii)&nbsp;of the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect directors pursuant
to any applicable provisions of the Corporation&rsquo;s Certificate of Incorporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;1.6&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Quorum</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Subject to the rights of the
holders of any series of preferred stock and except as otherwise provided by law or in the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws,
at any meeting of stockholders, the holders of a majority in total voting power of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote at
the meeting shall be present or represented by proxy in order to constitute a quorum for the transaction of any business. The chairman
of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a quorum is present at any meeting of the stockholders. Shares of its
own stock belonging to the Corporation or to another corporation, if a majority of the shares entitled to vote in the election of directors
of such other corporation is held, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation, shall neither be entitled to vote nor be counted for quorum
purposes; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the foregoing shall not limit the right of the Corporation or any subsidiary of the Corporation
to vote stock, including, but not limited to, its own stock, held by it in a fiduciary capacity. In the absence of a quorum, the chairman
of the meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;1.7 hereof until a quorum shall be present.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;1.7&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Adjournment</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Any meeting of stockholders,
annual or special, may be adjourned from time to time solely by the chairman of the meeting because of the absence of a quorum or for
any other reason (including to address technical failures to convene or continue a meeting using remote communication) and to reconvene
at the same or some other time, date and place, if any, or by means of remote communication. Notice need not be given of any such adjourned
meeting if the time, date and place, if any, and the means of remote communications, if any, thereof are (i)&nbsp;announced at the meeting
at which the adjournment is taken, (ii)&nbsp;displayed, during the time scheduled for the meeting, on the same electronic network used
to enable stockholders and proxyholders to participate in the meeting by means of remote communication, or (iii)&nbsp;set forth in the
notice of the meeting. The chairman of the meeting shall have full power and authority to adjourn a stockholder meeting in his sole discretion
even over stockholder opposition to such adjournment. The stockholders present at a meeting shall not have the authority to adjourn the
meeting. If the time, date and place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which the stockholders and the
proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment
is taken, displayed, during the time scheduled for the meeting, on the same electronic network used to enable stockholders and proxyholders
to participate in the meeting by means of remote communication, or set forth in the notice of the meeting, and the adjournment is for
less than thirty (30) calendar days, no notice need be given of any such adjourned meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty
(30) calendar days or if after the adjournment a new record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting
is fixed for the adjourned meeting, then notice shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting. At the adjourned
meeting, the stockholders may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;1.8&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Organization</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Chairman of the Board,
or in the Chairman of the Board&rsquo;s absence or at the Chairman of the Board&rsquo;s direction, the President, or in the President&rsquo;s
absence or at the President&rsquo;s direction, any officer of the Corporation, shall call to order meetings of stockholders and preside
over and act as chairman of such meetings. The Board of Directors or, if the Board fails to act, the stockholders, may appoint any stockholder,
director or officer of the Corporation to act as chairman of any meeting in the absence of the Chairman of the Board, the President and
other officers. The date and time of the opening and closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a
meeting shall be determined by the chairman of the meeting and announced at the meeting. The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution
such rules&nbsp;and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Unless otherwise determined
by the Board of Directors, the chairman of the meeting shall have the exclusive right to determine the order of business and to prescribe
other such rules, regulations and procedures and shall have the authority in his discretion to regulate the conduct of any such meeting.
Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may include,
without limitation, the following: (i)&nbsp;rules&nbsp;and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present;
(ii)&nbsp;limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized
and constituted proxies or such other persons as the chairman of the meeting shall determine; (iii)&nbsp;restrictions on entry to the
meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (iv)&nbsp;limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by
participants. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders
shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules&nbsp;of parliamentary procedure.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Secretary, or in the Secretary&rsquo;s
absence, an Assistant Secretary, shall act as secretary of all meetings of stockholders, but, in the absence of the Secretary or the
Assistant Secretary, the chairman of the meeting may appoint any other person to act as secretary of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;1.9&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Postponement
or Cancellation of Meeting</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Any previously scheduled annual
or special meeting of the stockholders may be postponed or canceled by resolution of the Board of Directors upon public notice given
prior to the time previously scheduled for such meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;1.10&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Voting</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Subject to the rights of the
holders of any series of preferred stock and except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws and
except for the election of directors, at any meeting duly called and held at which a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority
of the combined voting power of the outstanding shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote
on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock, at
any meeting duly called and held for the election of directors at which a quorum is present, directors shall be elected by a plurality
of the combined voting power of the outstanding shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote
on the election of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;1.11&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>List
of Stockholders</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Corporation shall prepare,
no later than the tenth (10<SUP>th</SUP>) calendar day before each meeting of the stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled
to vote thereat, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the
stockholder&rsquo;s name; provided, however, if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting is fewer
than ten (10)&nbsp;calendar days before the meeting date, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth (10<SUP>th</SUP>)
calendar day before the meeting date. Nothing contained in this Section&nbsp;1.11 shall require the Corporation to include electronic
mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for
any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of ten (10)&nbsp;calendar days ending on the day before the meeting date: (i)&nbsp;on
a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice
of the meeting, or (ii)&nbsp;during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. If the Corporation
determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information
is available only to stockholders of the Corporation. The stock ledger shall be the only evidence of the identity of the stockholders
entitled to examine such list.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;1.12&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Remote
Communications</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">For purposes of these Bylaws,
if authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, and subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Board of Directors
may adopt, stockholders and proxyholders may, by means of remote communication:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;participate
in a meeting of stockholders; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;be
deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of stockholders whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by
means of remote communication, provided that (i)&nbsp;the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to verify that each person
deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a stockholder or proxyholder, (ii)&nbsp;the Corporation
shall implement reasonable measures to provide such stockholders and proxyholders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting
and to vote on matters submitted to the stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially
concurrent with such proceedings, and (iii)&nbsp;if any stockholder or proxyholder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means
of remote communication, a record of such vote or other action shall be maintained by the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ARTICLE&nbsp;II</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">BOARD OF DIRECTORS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;2.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Number
and Term of Office</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Subject
to any limitations set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation and to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law relating
to the powers or rights conferred upon or reserved to the stockholders or the holders of any class or series of the issued and outstanding
stock of the Corporation, the business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed, and all corporate powers shall be exercised,
by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. Subject to any rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock to elect additional
directors, the Board of Directors shall be comprised of not less than three (3)&nbsp;members and the exact number will be fixed from
time to time by the Board of Directors by resolution adopted by the affirmative vote of not less than 75% of the members of the Board
of Directors then in office. Directors need not be stockholders of the Corporation. The Corporation shall nominate the persons holding
the offices of Chairman of the Board and President for election as directors at any meeting at which such persons are subject to election
as directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Except
as otherwise fixed by the Certificate of Incorporation relating to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock to separately
elect additional directors, which additional directors are not required to be classified pursuant to the terms of such series of preferred
stock, the Board of Directors shall be divided into three (3)&nbsp;classes: Class&nbsp;I, Class&nbsp;II and Class&nbsp;III. Each class
shall consist, as nearly as possible, of a number of directors equal to one-third (33 <SUP>1</SUP>/<SUB>3</SUB>%) of the then authorized
number of members of the Board of Directors. The term of office of the initial Class&nbsp;I directors shall expire at the annual meeting
of stockholders in 2008; the term of office of the initial Class&nbsp;II directors shall expire at the annual meeting of stockholders
in 2009; and the term of office of the initial Class&nbsp;III directors shall expire at the annual meeting of stockholders in 2007. At
each annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation the successors of that class of directors whose term expires at that meeting shall
be elected to hold office for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders held in the third year following the year of their
election. The directors of each class will serve until the earliest to occur of their death, resignation, removal or disqualification
or the election and qualification of their respective successors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;2.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Resignations</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Any director of the Corporation,
or any member of any committee, may resign at any time by giving notice in writing or by electronic transmission to the Board of Directors,
the Chairman of the Board or the President or Secretary. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or, if
the time be not specified therein, then upon receipt thereof. The acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective
unless otherwise stated therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;2.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Removal
of Directors</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Subject to the rights of the
holders of any series of preferred stock, directors may be removed from office only for cause upon the affirmative vote of the holders
of not less than a majority of the total voting power of the then outstanding shares entitled to vote at an election of directors voting
together as a single class.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;2.4&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Newly
Created Directorships and Vacancies</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Subject to the rights of the
holders of any series of preferred stock, vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, removal, disqualification
or other cause, and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors on the Board of Directors, shall
be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office (even though less than a quorum) or by
the sole remaining director. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the
full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred or to which the new directorship is apportioned, and until such director&rsquo;s
successor shall have been elected and qualified. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten
the term of any incumbent director, except as may be provided in the terms of any series of preferred stock with respect to any additional
director elected by the holders of such series of preferred stock. If at any time, by reason of death or resignation or other cause,
the Corporation should have no directors in office, then any officer or any stockholder may call a special meeting of stockholders in
the same manner that the Board of Directors may call such a meeting, and directors for the unexpired terms may be elected at such special
meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;2.5&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Meetings</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Regular meetings of the Board
of Directors shall be held on such dates and at such times and places, within or without the State of Delaware, as shall from time to
time be determined by the Board of Directors, such determination to constitute the only notice of such regular meetings to which any
director shall be entitled. In the absence of any such determination, such meeting shall be held, upon notice to each director in accordance
with Section&nbsp;2.6 of this Article&nbsp;II, at such times and places, within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated
in the notice of meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Special meetings of the Board
of Directors shall be held at such times and places, if any, within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated in the notice
of the meeting in accordance with Section&nbsp;2.6 hereof. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of
the Board, and shall be called by the President or Secretary upon the written request of not less than 75% of the members of the Board
of Directors then in office.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;2.6&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Notice
of Meetings</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Secretary, or in his absence
any other officer of the Corporation, shall give each director notice of the time and place of holding of any regular meetings (if required)
or special meetings of the Board of Directors, in accordance with Section&nbsp;5.4 of these Bylaws, by mail at least ten (10)&nbsp;calendar
days before the meeting, or by courier service at least three (3)&nbsp;calendar days before the meeting, or by facsimile transmission,
electronic mail or other electronic transmission, or personal service, in each case, at least twenty-four (24) hours before the meeting,
unless notice is waived in accordance with Section&nbsp;5.4 of these Bylaws. Unless otherwise stated in the notice thereof, any and all
business may be transacted at any meeting without specification of such business in the notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;2.7&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Meetings
by Conference Telephone or Other Communications</U><FONT STYLE="color: blue">.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Members of the Board of Directors,
or any committee thereof, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of telephone conference or
other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other and communicate with each
other, and such participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;2.8&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Quorum
and Organization of Meetings</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">A majority of the total number
of members of the Board of Directors as constituted from time to time shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but,
if at any meeting of the Board of Directors (whether or not adjourned from a previous meeting) there shall be less than a quorum present,
a majority of those present may adjourn the meeting to another time, date and place, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without
further notice or waiver. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a majority of the directors
present at any meeting at which a quorum is present may decide any question brought before such meeting. Meetings shall be presided over
by the Chairman of the Board or in his absence by such other person as the directors may select. The Board of Directors shall keep written
minutes of its meetings. The Secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in his absence the chairman of the meeting may appoint
any person to act as secretary of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Board may designate one
or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board may designate one or more
Directors as alternate members of any committee to replace absent or disqualified members at any meeting of such committee. If a member
of a committee shall be absent from any meeting, or disqualified from voting thereat, the remaining member or members present and not
disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may, by a unanimous vote, appoint another member
of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent
provided in a resolution of the Board of Directors passed as aforesaid, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the
Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to
be impressed on all papers that may require it, but no such committee shall have the power or authority of the Board of Directors in
reference to (i)&nbsp;approving or adopting, or recommending to the stockholders, any action or matter expressly required by the laws
of the State of Delaware to be submitted to the stockholders for approval or (ii)&nbsp;adopting, amending or repealing any Bylaw of the
Corporation. Such committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted
by the Board of Directors. Unless otherwise specified in the resolution of the Board of Directors designating a committee, at all meetings
of such committee a majority of the total number of members of the committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business,
and the vote of a majority of the members of the committee present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the
committee. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings. Unless the Board of Directors otherwise provides, each committee
designated by the Board of Directors may make, alter and repeal rules&nbsp;for the conduct of its business. In the absence of such rules&nbsp;each
committee shall conduct its business in the same manner as the Board of Directors conducts its business pursuant to Article&nbsp;II of
these Bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;2.9&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Indemnification</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Corporation shall indemnify
members of the Board of Directors and officers of the Corporation and their respective heirs, personal representatives and successors
in interest for or on account of any action performed on behalf of the Corporation, to the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the
State of Delaware and the Corporation&rsquo;s Certificate of Incorporation, as now or hereafter in effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;2.10&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Indemnity
Undertaking</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">To the extent not prohibited
by law, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who is or was made, or threatened to be made, a party to any threatened, pending or
completed action, suit or proceeding (a &ldquo;<B>Proceeding</B>&rdquo;), whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, including,
without limitation, an action by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor, by reason of the fact that such
person, or a person of whom such person is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was
serving in any capacity at the request of the Corporation for any other corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture,
trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprises (an &ldquo;<B>Other Entity</B>&rdquo;), against judgments, fines, penalties, excise
taxes, amounts paid in settlement and costs, charges and expenses (including attorneys&rsquo; fees). Persons who are not directors or
officers of the Corporation may be similarly indemnified in respect of service to the Corporation or to an Other Entity at the request
of the Corporation to the extent the Board of Directors at any time specifies that such persons are entitled to the benefits of this
Section&nbsp;2.10. Except as otherwise provided in Section&nbsp;2.12 hereof, the Corporation shall be required to indemnify a person
in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) commenced by such person only if the commencement of such proceeding (or part thereof)
by the person was authorized by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;2.11&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Advancement
of Expenses</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Corporation shall, from
time to time, reimburse or advance to any director or officer or other person entitled to indemnification hereunder the funds necessary
for payment of expenses, including attorneys&rsquo; fees, incurred in connection with any Proceeding in advance of the final disposition
of such Proceeding; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that, such expenses incurred by or on behalf of any director or officer or other
person may be paid in advance of the final disposition of a Proceeding only upon receipt by the Corporation of an undertaking, by or
on behalf of such director or officer or such person, to repay all amounts advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial
decision from which there is no further right of appeal that such director, officer or other person is not entitled to be indemnified
for such expenses. Except as otherwise provided in Section&nbsp;2.12 hereof, the Corporation shall be required to reimburse or advance
expenses incurred by a person in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) commenced by such person only if the commencement of
such proceeding (or part thereof) by the person was authorized by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;2.12&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Claims</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If a claim for indemnification
or advancement of expenses under this Article&nbsp;II is not paid in full within sixty (60) calendar days after a written claim therefor
by the person seeking indemnification or reimbursement or advancement of expenses has been received by the Corporation, the person may
file suit to recover the unpaid amount of such claim and, if successful, in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expense
(including attorneys&rsquo; fees) of prosecuting such claim to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. In any such action the Corporation
shall have the burden of proving that the person seeking indemnification or reimbursement or advancement of expenses is not entitled
to the requested indemnification, reimbursement or advancement of expenses under applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;2.13&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Amendment,
Modification or Repeal</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Any amendment, modification
or repeal of the foregoing provisions of this Article&nbsp;II shall not adversely affect any right or protection hereunder of any person
entitled to indemnification under Section&nbsp;2.9 hereof in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal
or modification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;2.14&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Executive
Committee of the Board of Directors</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Board of Directors, by
the affirmative vote of not less than 75% of the members of the Board of Directors then in office, may designate an executive committee,
all of whose members shall be directors, to manage and operate the affairs of the Corporation or particular properties or enterprises
of the Corporation. Subject to the limitations of the law of the State of Delaware and the Certificate of Incorporation, such executive
committee shall exercise all powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation
including, but not limited to, the power and authority to authorize the issuance of shares of common or preferred stock. The executive
committee shall keep minutes of its meetings and report to the Board of Directors not less often than quarterly on its activities and
shall be responsible to the Board of Directors for the conduct of the enterprises and affairs entrusted to it. Regular meetings of the
executive committee, of which no notice shall be necessary, shall be held at such time, dates and places, if any, as shall be fixed by
resolution adopted by the executive committee. Special meetings of the executive committee shall be called at the request of the President
or of any member of the executive committee, and shall be held upon such notice as is required by these Bylaws for special meetings of
the Board of Directors, provided that oral notice by telephone or otherwise, or notice by electronic transmission shall be sufficient
if received not later than the day immediately preceding the day of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;2.15&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Other
Committees of the Board of Directors</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Board of Directors may
by resolution establish committees other than an executive committee and shall specify with particularity the powers and duties of any
such committee. Subject to the limitations of the laws of the State of Delaware and the Certificate of Incorporation, any such committee
shall exercise all powers and authority specifically granted to it by the Board of Directors, which powers may include the authority
to authorize the issuance of shares of common or preferred stock. Such committees shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors,
keep minutes of their meetings and have such names as the Board of Directors by resolution may determine and shall be responsible to
the Board of Directors for the conduct of the enterprises and affairs entrusted to them.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;2.16&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Directors&rsquo;
Compensation</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Directors shall receive such
compensation for attendance at any meetings of the Board and any expenses incidental to the performance of their duties as the Board
of Directors shall determine by resolution. Such compensation may be in addition to any compensation received by the members of the Board
of Directors in any other capacity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;2.17&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Action
Without Meeting</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Nothing contained in these
Bylaws shall be deemed to restrict the power of members of the Board of Directors or any committee designated by the Board of Directors
to take any action required or permitted to be taken by them without a meeting; provided, however, that if such action is taken without
a meeting by consent by electronic transmission or transmissions, such electronic transmission or transmissions must either set forth
or be submitted with information from which it can be determined that the electronic transmission or transmissions were authorized by
the director.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ARTICLE&nbsp;III</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">OFFICERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;3.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Executive
Officers</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Board of Directors shall
elect from its own number, a Chairman of the Board and a President. The Board of Directors may also elect such Vice Presidents as in
the opinion of the Board of Directors the business of the Corporation requires, a Treasurer and a Secretary, any of whom may or may not
be directors. The Board of Directors may also elect, from time to time, such other or additional officers as in its opinion are desirable
for the conduct of business of the Corporation and such officers shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Directors; <U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, that the President shall not hold any other office except that of Chairman of the Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;3.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Powers
and Duties of Officers</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Chairman of the Board shall
have overall responsibility for the management and direction of the business and affairs of the Corporation and shall exercise such duties
as customarily pertain to the office of Chairman of the Board and such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board
of Directors. He shall be the senior officer of the Corporation and in case of the inability or failure of the President to perform his
duties, he shall perform the duties of the President. He may appoint and terminate the appointment or election of officers, agents or
employees other than those appointed or elected by the Board of Directors. He may sign, execute and deliver, in the name of the Corporation,
powers of attorney, contracts, bonds and other obligations. The Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of stockholders and
of the Board of Directors at which he is present, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board
of Directors or these Bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The President of the Corporation
shall have such powers and perform such duties as customarily pertain to a chief executive officer and the office of a president, including,
without limitation, being responsible for the active direction of the daily business of the Corporation, and shall exercise such other
duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board of Directors. The President may sign, execute and deliver, in the name of
the Corporation, powers of attorney, contracts, bonds and other obligations. In the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board,
the President shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Chairman of the Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Vice Presidents shall have
such powers and perform such duties as may be assigned to them by the Chairman of the Board, the President, the executive committee,
if any, or the Board of Directors. A Vice President may sign and execute contracts and other obligations pertaining to the regular course
of his duties which implement policies established by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Unless the Board of Directors
otherwise declares by resolution, the Treasurer shall have general custody of all the funds and securities of the Corporation and general
supervision of the collection and disbursement of funds of the Corporation. He shall endorse for collection on behalf of the Corporation
checks, notes and other obligations, and shall deposit the same to the credit of the Corporation in such bank or banks or depository
as the Board of Directors may designate. He may sign, with the Chairman of the Board, President or such other person or persons as may
be designated for the purpose by the Board of Directors, all bills of exchange or promissory notes of the Corporation. He shall enter
or cause to be entered regularly in the books of the Corporation a full and accurate account of all moneys received and paid by him on
account of the Corporation, shall at all reasonable times exhibit his books and accounts to any director of the Corporation upon application
at the office of the Corporation during business hours and, whenever required by the Board of Directors or the President, shall render
a statement of his accounts. He shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board of Directors or by
these Bylaws. He may be required to give bond for the faithful performance of his duties in such sum and with such surety as shall be
approved by the Board of Directors. Any Assistant Treasurer shall, in the absence or disability of the Treasurer, perform the duties
and exercise the powers of the Treasurer and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors may
from time to time prescribe.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Secretary shall keep the
minutes of all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors. The Secretary shall cause notice to be given of meetings of
stockholders, of the Board of Directors, and of any committee appointed by the Board of Directors. He shall have custody of the corporate
seal, minutes and records relating to the conduct and acts of the stockholders and Board of Directors, which shall, at all reasonable
times, be open to the examination of any director. The Secretary or any Assistant Secretary may certify the record of proceedings of
the meetings of the stockholders or of the Board of Directors or resolutions adopted at such meetings, may sign or attest certificates,
statements or reports required to be filed with governmental bodies or officials, may sign acknowledgments of instruments, may give notices
of meetings and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;3.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Bank
Accounts</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">In addition to such bank accounts
as may be authorized in the usual manner by resolution of the Board of Directors, the Treasurer, with approval of the Chairman of the
Board or the President, may authorize such bank accounts to be opened or maintained in the name and on behalf of the Corporation as he
may deem necessary or appropriate, provided payments from such bank accounts are to be made upon and according to the check of the Corporation,
which may be signed jointly or singularly by either the manual or facsimile signature or signatures of such officers or bonded employees
of the Corporation as shall be specified in the written instructions of the Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer of the Corporation with
the approval of the Chairman of the Board or the President of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;3.4&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Proxies;
Stock Transfers</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Unless otherwise provided in
the Certificate of Incorporation or directed by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board or the President or any Vice President
or their designees shall have full power and authority on behalf of the Corporation to attend and to vote upon all matters and resolutions
at any meeting of stockholders of any corporation in which this Corporation may hold stock, and may exercise on behalf of this Corporation
any and all of the rights and powers incident to the ownership of such stock at any such meeting, whether regular or special, and at
all adjournments thereof, and shall have power and authority to execute and deliver proxies and consents on behalf of this Corporation
in connection with the exercise by this Corporation of the rights and powers incident to the ownership of such stock, with full power
of substitution or revocation. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or directed by the Board of Directors, the
Chairman of the Board or the President or any Vice President or their designees shall have full power and authority on behalf of the
Corporation to transfer, sell or dispose of stock of any corporation in which this Corporation may hold stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ARTICLE&nbsp;IV</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">CAPITAL STOCK</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;4.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Shares</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The shares of the Corporation
shall be represented by a certificate, provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution that some or all of any or all
classes or series of the Corporation&rsquo;s stock shall be uncertificated. Certificates shall be signed by or in the name of the Corporation
by any two authorized officers of the Corporation, and sealed with the seal of the Corporation. Such seal may be a facsimile, engraved
or printed. Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of uncertificated shares, the Corporation shall send to the registered
owner thereof a notice, in writing or by electronic transmission, containing the information required to be set forth or stated on certificates
pursuant to Sections 151, 156, 202(a)&nbsp;or 218(a)&nbsp;of the Delaware General Corporation Law or a statement that the Corporation
will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative participating, optional
or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualification, limitations or restrictions of such preferences
and/or rights.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Any of or all the signatures
on a certificate may be facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been
placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such an officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it
may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such officer, transfer agent or registrar had not ceased to hold such position
at the time of its issuance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Except as otherwise expressly
provided by law, the rights and obligations of the holders of uncertificated shares and the rights and obligations of the holders of
certificates representing stock of the same class and series shall be identical.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;4.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Transfer
of Shares</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Upon
surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession,
assignation or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto,
cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books. Upon receipt of proper transfer instructions from the registered
owner of uncertificated shares such uncertificated shares shall be cancelled, and the issuance of new equivalent uncertificated shares
or certificated shares shall be made to the person entitled thereto and the transaction shall be recorded upon the books of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
person in whose name shares of stock stand on the books of the Corporation shall be deemed by the Corporation to be the owner thereof
for all purposes, and the Corporation shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares
on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws
of the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;4.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Lost
Certificates</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Board of Directors or any
transfer agent of the Corporation may direct a new certificate or certificates or uncertificated shares representing stock of the Corporation
to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation, alleged to have been lost, stolen or
destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When
authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates or uncertificated shares, the Board of Directors (or any transfer agent of
the Corporation authorized to do so by a resolution of the Board of Directors) may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to
the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to
give the Corporation a bond in such sum as the Board of Directors (or any transfer agent so authorized) shall direct to indemnify the
Corporation and the transfer agent against any claim that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged
to have been lost, stolen or destroyed or the issuance of such new certificates or uncertificated shares, and such requirement may be
general or confined to specific instances.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;4.4&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Transfer
Agent and Registrar</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Board of Directors may
appoint one or more transfer agents and one or more registrars, and may require all certificates for shares to bear the manual or facsimile
signature or signatures of any of them.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;4.5&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Regulations</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Board of Directors shall
have power and authority to make all such rules&nbsp;and regulations as it may deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer, registration,
cancellation and replacement of certificates representing stock of the Corporation or uncertificated shares, which rules&nbsp;and regulations
shall comply in all respects with the rules&nbsp;and regulations of the transfer agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ARTICLE&nbsp;V</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">GENERAL PROVISIONS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;5.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Offices</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Corporation shall maintain
a registered office in the State of Delaware as required by the laws of the State of Delaware. The Corporation may also have offices
in such other places, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate or as
the business of the Corporation may require.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;5.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Corporate
Seal</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The corporate seal shall have
inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization, and the words &ldquo;Corporate Seal&rdquo; and &ldquo;Delaware.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;5.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Fiscal
Year</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The fiscal year of the Corporation
shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;5.4&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Notices
and Waivers Thereof</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Whenever any notice is required
by the laws of the State of Delaware, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws to be given by the Corporation to any stockholder,
director or officer, such notice, except as otherwise provided by law, may be given personally, by mail, by courier service, or by electronic
transmission in accordance with applicable law. Any notice given by electronic mail shall be deemed to have been given when it shall
have been directed to such stockholder&rsquo;s, director&rsquo;s or officer&rsquo;s electronic mail address as it appears on the records
of the Corporation unless, in the case of a stockholder, such stockholder has notified the Corporation in writing or by electronic transmission
of an objection to receiving notice by electronic mail or such notice is prohibited by Section&nbsp;232(e)&nbsp;of the Delaware General
Corporation Law, any notice given by mail shall be deemed to have been given when deposited in the United States mail with postage thereon
prepaid directed to such stockholder, director, or officer, as the case may be, at such stockholder&rsquo;s, director&rsquo;s, or officer&rsquo;s,
as the case may be, address as it appears in the records of the Corporation, and any notice given by courier service shall be deemed
to have been given on the earlier of when such notice is received or left at such stockholder&rsquo;s, director&rsquo;s or officer&rsquo;s,
as the case may be, address as it appears in the records of the Corporation. An affidavit of the Secretary or Assistant Secretary or
of the transfer agent or other agent of the Corporation that the notice has been given by personal delivery, by mail, by courier service,
or by a form of electronic transmission shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Whenever any notice is required
to be given by law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws to the person entitled to such notice, a waiver thereof, in writing
signed by the person, or by electronic transmission, whether before or after the meeting or the time stated therein, shall be deemed
equivalent in all respects to such notice to the full extent permitted by law. If such waiver is given by electronic transmission, the
electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which it can be determined that the electronic transmission
was authorized by the person waiving notice. In addition, notice of any meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof,
need not be given to any director if such director shall sign the minutes of such meeting or attend the meeting, except that if such
director attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because
the meeting is not lawfully called or convened, then such director shall not be deemed to have waived notice of such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;5.5&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Saving
Clause</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">These Bylaws are subject to
the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law. In the event any provision of these Bylaws is inconsistent with
the Certificate of Incorporation or the corporate laws of the State of Delaware, such provision shall be invalid to the extent only of
such conflict, and such conflict shall not affect the validity of any other provision of these Bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;5.6&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Amendments</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">In furtherance and not in limitation
of the powers conferred by the laws of the State of Delaware, the Board of Directors, by action taken by the affirmative vote of not
less than 75% of the members of the Board of Directors then in office, is hereby expressly authorized and empowered to adopt, amend or
repeal any provision of the Bylaws of this Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Subject to the rights of the
holders of any series of preferred stock, these Bylaws may be adopted, amended or repealed by the affirmative vote of the holders of
not less than 66 <SUP>2</SUP>/<SUB>3</SUB>% of the total voting power of the then outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled
to vote thereon; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that this paragraph shall not apply to, and no vote of the stockholders of the Corporation
shall be required to authorize, the adoption, amendment or repeal of any provision of the Bylaws by the Board of Directors in accordance
with the preceding paragraph.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;5.7&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Gender/Number</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">As used in these Bylaws, the
masculine, feminine, or neuter gender, and the singular and plural number, shall include the other whenever the context so indicates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Section&nbsp;5.8&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>Electronic
Transmission</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">For purposes of these Bylaws:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&ldquo;<B>electronic
transmission</B>&rdquo; means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, including the use
of, or participation in, one or more electronic networks or databases (including one or more distributed electronic networks or databases),
that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved, and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper
form by such recipient through an automated process;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&ldquo;<B>electronic
mail</B>&rdquo; means an electronic transmission directed to a unique electronic mail address (which electronic mail shall be deemed
to include any files attached thereto and any information hyperlinked to a website if such electronic mail includes the contact information
of an officer or agent of the corporation who is available to assist with accessing such files and information); and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&ldquo;<B>electronic
mail address</B>&rdquo; means destination, commonly expressed as a string of characters, consisting of a unique user name or mailbox
(commonly referred to as the &ldquo;local part&rdquo; of the address) and a reference to an internet domain (commonly referred to as
the &ldquo;domain part&rdquo; of the address), whether or not displayed, to which electronic mail can be sent or delivered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>tm257272d1_ex99-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
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<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 99.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Qurate Retail Officially Becomes QVC Group</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><I>New
name incorporates the brand equity of the company&rsquo;s largest brand, supports strategy</I></FONT><I> to expand in live social shopping</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">ENGLEWOOD,&nbsp;Co.
(Friday, Feb.&nbsp;21) &ndash; Qurate Retail,&nbsp;Inc. (Nasdaq: QRTEA, QRTEB, QRTEP) has officially changed its name to QVC Group,&nbsp;Inc.
(&ldquo;QVC Group&rdquo; or the &ldquo;company&rdquo;). The new name incorporates the brand equity of the company&rsquo;s largest brand
and supports QVC Group&rsquo;s growth strategy to expand into a live social shopping company. </FONT>QVC Group,&nbsp;Inc. is a Fortune
500 company with six leading retail brands &ndash; QVC&reg;, HSN&reg;, Ballard Designs&reg;, Frontgate&reg;, Garnet Hill&reg; and Grandin
Road&reg;. On Monday, February&nbsp;24, the company&rsquo;s stock will start trading under the new stock symbols &ldquo;QVCGA&rdquo;,
 &ldquo;QVCGB&rdquo; and &ldquo;QVCGP.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;This rebranding is an important milestone in our nearly 50-year
evolution as a collection of leading retail brands,&rdquo; said David Rawlinson II, President and CEO, QVC Group,&nbsp;Inc. &ldquo;From
the beginning, we&rsquo;ve been the innovators in live video shopping &ndash; first on cable TV, then on ecommerce and mobile. Now, once
again, we&rsquo;re reimagining our company to grow in new places by leaning into streaming and social.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">QVC Group
is </FONT>redefining the shopping experience through video-driven commerce on every screen, from smartphones and tablets to laptops and
TVs. QVC Group brings innovative products, compelling content, and unforgettable moments to millions of shoppers worldwide via social
platforms, streaming apps, ecommerce sites and TV channels, making every screen&nbsp;a doorway to discovery, delight and community.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Customers
will continue to meet QVC Group through its six constituent brands: </FONT>QVC, HSN, Ballard Designs, Frontgate, Garnet Hill and Grandin
Road.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">###</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B>About QVC Group</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">QVC Group<SUP>SM</SUP> is a live
social shopping company that redefines the shopping experience through video-driven commerce on every screen, from smartphones and tablets
to laptops and TVs. QVC Group brings innovative products, compelling content, and unforgettable moments to millions of shoppers worldwide
via social platforms, streaming apps, ecommerce sites and TV channels, making every screen&nbsp;a doorway to discovery, delight and community.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">QVC Group reaches more than 200
million homes worldwide via 15 television channels, which are widely available on cable/satellite TV, free over-the-air TV, and FAST and
other digital livestreaming TV. The retailer also reaches millions of customers via its QVC+ and HSN+ streaming experience, Facebook,&nbsp;Instagram,
TikTok, YouTube, Pinterest, websites, mobile apps, print catalogs, and in-store destinations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">QVC Group,&nbsp;Inc.
(NASDAQ: QVCGA, QVCGB, QVCGP) is a Fortune 500 company with six leading retail brands &ndash; QVC&reg;, HSN&reg;, Ballard Designs&reg;,
Frontgate&reg;, Garnet Hill&reg; and Grandin Road&reg; &ndash; and other minority interests. <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Headquartered
in West Chester, Pa., </FONT>QVC <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Group has team members in the U.S., the U.K., Germany, Japan,&nbsp;Italy,
Poland and China. For more information, visit </FONT></FONT>qvcgrp.com or fo<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">llow QVC Group on YouTube
or LinkedIn.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B>Forward-Looking Statements</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">This press release includes certain
forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including without limitation, statements
regarding QVC Group&rsquo;s growth strategy. These forward-looking statements involve many risks and uncertainties that could cause actual
results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such statements, including QVC Group&rsquo;s ability to achieve its strategic
goals. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this press release, and QVC Group expressly disclaims any obligation
or undertaking to disseminate any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement contained herein to reflect any change in its
expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based. Please refer
to the publicly filed documents of QVC Group, including the most recent Forms 10-K and 10-Q, for additional information about QVC Group
and about the risks and uncertainties related to the business of QVC Group which may affect the statements made in this press release.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.2
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>tm257272d1_ex99-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.2
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 99.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">February&nbsp;21, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>QVC Group,&nbsp;Inc. Announces 2025 Virtual Annual Meeting of Stockholders</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">ENGLEWOOD, Colo.--(BUSINESS WIRE)&mdash;QVC Group,&nbsp;Inc.&nbsp;(&ldquo;QVC
Group,&rdquo; formerly Qurate Retail,&nbsp;Inc.) (Nasdaq: QVCGA, QVCGB, QVCGP) will be holding its virtual Annual Meeting of Stockholders
(the &ldquo;Annual Meeting&rdquo;) on Monday, May&nbsp;12, 2025 at 11:00 a.m.&nbsp;M.T. Stockholders of record as of the record date
will be able to listen, vote and submit questions pertaining to the Annual Meeting by logging in at <U>www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/QVC2025</U>.
The record date for the meeting is 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on March&nbsp;24, 2025. Stockholders will need the 16-digit control
number that is printed in the box marked by the arrow on the stockholder&rsquo;s proxy card or Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy
Materials for the QVC Group meeting to enter the virtual Annual Meeting website. A technical support number will become available at
the virtual meeting link 10 minutes prior to the scheduled meeting time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The date of the Annual Meeting has been advanced by more than 20 days
from the anniversary date of last year&rsquo;s annual meeting of stockholders (held on June&nbsp;10, 2024). As a result, in accordance
with QVC Group&rsquo;s bylaws, (i)&nbsp;stockholder proposals for consideration at the Annual Meeting and (ii)&nbsp;stockholder nominees
for election to the board of directors at the Annual Meeting must be received by QVC Group&rsquo;s Corporate Secretary at its executive
offices at 12300 Liberty Boulevard, Englewood, CO 80112 by no later than the close of business on March&nbsp;3, 2025.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The reason for the advancement of the Annual Meeting date is to allow
sufficient time for QVC Group to implement a proposed reverse stock split of its outstanding shares of Series&nbsp;A and Series&nbsp;B
common stock in order to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing of the Series&nbsp;A common stock
on the Nasdaq Capital Market, if necessary and as previously disclosed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In addition, access to the meeting will be available on the
Investor Relations page of the QVC Group, Inc. website (https://investors.qvcgrp.com). <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">An
archive of the webcast will also be available on this website after appropriate filings have been made with the&nbsp;SEC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><U>About&nbsp;QVC Group,&nbsp;Inc.</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">QVC Group,&nbsp;Inc. (NASDAQ:
QVCGA, QVCGB, QVCGP) is a Fortune 500 company with six leading retail brands &ndash; QVC<SUP>&reg;</SUP>, HSN<SUP>&reg;</SUP>, Ballard
Designs<SUP>&reg;</SUP>, Frontgate<SUP>&reg;</SUP>, Garnet Hill<SUP>&reg;</SUP> and Grandin Road<SUP>&reg;</SUP> (collectively, &ldquo;QVC
Group<SUP>SM</SUP>&rdquo;). QVC Group<SUP>SM</SUP> is a live social shopping company that redefines the shopping experience through video-driven
commerce on every screen, from smartphones and tablets to laptops and TVs. QVC Group reaches more than 200 million homes worldwide via
15 television channels, which are widely available on cable/satellite TV, free over-the-air TV, and FAST and other digital livestreaming
TV. The retailer also reaches millions of customers via its QVC+ and HSN+ streaming experience, Facebook,&nbsp;Instagram, TikTok, YouTube,
Pinterest, websites, mobile apps, print catalogs, and in-store destinations. QVC Group,&nbsp;Inc. also holds various minority interests.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>QVC Group,&nbsp;Inc.</B><BR>
Shane Kleinstein, 720-875-5432</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Source:&nbsp;QVC Group,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>qrtea-20250221_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
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    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:to="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Accounting Standard</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:to="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Reporting Standard Item Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Shell Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:to="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Bankruptcy Proceedings, Reporting Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" xlink:to="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Documents Incorporated by Reference [Text Block]</link:label>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>qrtea-20250221_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>11
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm46041689854592">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 21, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Feb. 21,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-33982<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">QVC GROUP, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001355096<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">84-1288730<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">12300 Liberty Blvd.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Englewood<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">CO<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">80112<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">720<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">875-5300<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Series A Common Stock<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">QVCGA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Series B Common Stock<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">QVCGB<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_SeriesAPreferredStockMember', window );">8.0% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">8.0% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">QVCGP<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
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</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentInformationLineItems</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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